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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

LI NHN XT CA GIO VIN


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H Ni, ngy.thng..nm 2012

ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

LI M U
Th gii ca con ngi ngy nay c c l nh mt phn ca s pht trin vi tc nhanh chng ca khoa hc cng ngh. Nhng chic my tnh th s c ci tin nh cng ngh bn dn v mch tch hp, nhng h iu hnh ngy cng thng minh v gn gi vi ngi s dng, nhng pht minh trong lnh vc v tr v pht trin mng li thng tinrt nhiu thnh tu trong tng lnh vc lm thay i cuc sng ca chng ta. T nhng cch thc qun l cng vic, iu hnh cuc sng, tm kim thng tin v..v.. u chuyn bin v c nhng tin b vt bc em li nhng hiu qu to ln. Lnh vc giao thng cng nm trong xu th . Ngy nay cc mng li giao thng pht trin rng khp, cc phng tin hot ng thng xuyn v phng thc qun l cng i hi chuyn nghip v hiu qu hn. Trn th gii, cng vi s ra i ca ng dng dn s ca h thng v tinh nh v ton cu GPS, bi ton qun l giao thng, trong c qun l cc phng tin giao thng c nghin cu v pht trin thnh cc gii php kh hon chnh. Vit Nam, c mt s ti v nghin cu v h thng nh v qun l xe khch s dng GPS . Ti Vit Nam hin nay mng li thng tin di ng ton cu (GSM) v ang pht trin v ha hn vi nhiu cng ngh mi, em li nhiu gi tr cao. c bit vi phm vi ph sng v tnh ng dng rng ri, mng di ng tr thnh mt mng li thng tin rt hu ch. Vi nhng l do trn nhm chng em quyt tm tm hiu v thc hin mt h thng nh v qun l xe khch s dng h thng nh v GPS v cng ngh GPRS m c th l ti Nghin cu v s dng h thng nh v dng qun l xe khch

H Ni, ngy.thng..nm 2012

ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

LI CM N
Sau thi gian nghin cu v thc hin, n nay n tt nghip vi ti Nghin cu v s dng h thng nh v dng qun l xe khch do thy Bi Thanh Lm hng dn c hon thin. Trong sut thi gian nghin cu v thi cng ti, chng em gp khng t nhng kh khn nht nh v nhn c nhiu s gip nhit thnh v qu bu. Trc tin, chng em gi li cm n su sc ti thy Bi Thanh Lm tin tng giao n, ch o v hng dn tn tnh trong sut qu trnh thc hin ti. Chng em cng xin c gi li cm n chn thnh ti cc thy c gio trong khoa C Kh B Mn C in T , cc bn trn cc din n in t, cng ton th cc bn sinh vin lp C in T 2 K3 ng vin, gp , to iu kin thun li nht gip cho chng em c hon thnh ti ng tin c giao. Do nng lc v thi gian cn hn ch nn vic tm thm nhiu ti liu lm giu cho n cn thiu st. Chng em rt mong nhn c nhiu hn na kin ng gp ca cc thy c gio, s chia s ti liu ca cc bn sinh vin chng em c th hon thin hn kin thc ca mnh.

Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!

MC LC LI NI U ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3 3

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni MC LC CHNG 1 : GII THIU CHUNG 1.1 Gii thiu chung 1.2 Phng hng xy dng ti 1.2 Cc vn t ra CHNG 2 : TNG QUAN V H THNG NH V DNG N QUN L XE KHCH 2.1 Tng quan v GPS 2.1.1. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca h thng GPS 2.1.2. Cc thnh phn ca GPS 2.1.3. Hot ng ca h thng GPS 2.1.4. B thu GPS 2.1.5. Phng trnh xc nh ta 2.1.6. Hiu chnh ng h ca b thu 2.1.7. Tn hiu nh v 2.1.8. Ngun li ca tn hiu 2.1.9. Chun NMEA0183 2.2. H thng thng tin di ng ton cu GSM v cng ngh GPRS 2.2.1. Cc th h pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng. 2.2.2. Tng quan v mng thng tin di ng s t bo. 2.2.3. Giao din v tuyn 2.2.4. Kin trc mng GSM 2.2.5. Cc chc nng ca mng GSM 2.3 Dch v s liu ci tin GPRS General Packet Radio Service 2.3.1. S lc 2.3.2. Kin trc h thng GPRS chung 2.3.3. a ch IP 2.3.4 Cc lp thit b GPRS 2.3.5 Thng s cht lng dch v (QoS) GPRS 2.3.6 Cc dch v h tr

CHNG 3: M HNH HA HA H THNG


ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3 4

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

3.1. Thit k mch iu khin


3.1.1 Modun sim 548C 3.1.1.1. Phn cng ng dng GSM ca SIM48C 3.1.1.2. Phn cng ng dng GPS ca SIM548C 3.1.1.3. ng dng GSM trong SIM548C 3.1.1.4. ng dng GPS trong SIM548C 3.1.2 .......

3.2. Thit k giao din iu khin


3.2.1. .. 3.2.2. ..

CHNG 1 : GII THIU CHUNG


1.1 Gii thiu chung

ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

Xut pht t nhu cu thc t, nht l trong thi k m rng v hot ng ca cc h thng vn ti, giao thng yu cu qun l chuyn nghip, hiu qu, bi ton qun l v gim st phng tin giao thng tr nn rt bc thit. Bi ton ny t ra cho h thng mt s yu cu sau: - Gim st cc phng tin: xc nh v tr, theo di, cp nht cc trng thi ca phng tin: bao gm c cc yu t bn trong phng tin. - Qun l cc phng tin: tm kim, kim tra - Tng tc 2 chiu, iu khin phng tin t xa. - m rng v kh nng phc v ln Mt s gii php hin nay : - Ct c nhn vin theo di, ghi nhn cc bo co bng vn bn, hoc ng in thoi. - S dng cc module GPS Galileo: cc module ny c chc nng thu tn hiu t cc h thng v tinh nh v, qua tnh ton xc nh c v tr ca thit b theo h ta a l: bao gm kinh , v v cao. - GIS: l h thng phn mm a l c chc nng tip nhn thng tin v v tr a l, sau x l v hin th trn h thng bn s. V d nh h thng qun l tu nh c thng qua b m, qun l taxi Tuy nhin trong thc t vn tn ti cc vn : - i vi vic qun l bng cc nhn vin c theo cc chuyn xe: tn km v nhn lc v cha hiu qu. Kh nng gim st v iu khin cha chuyn nghip. - Vic s dng cc module xc nh v tr bng GPS cn n gin, cc thit b hu ht c nhp khu nguyn chic, ng dng n thun xc nh v tr. Bn cnh gi thnh cn cao v khng ch ng c v mt k thut. - Vi mt s h thng qun l thng tin v bn s nh GIS: tuy xy dng theo m hnh h thng mc ph bin cha cao. ng dng mang tnh chuyn bit, c bit l mc chi ph u t ln, ch ng v mt k thut b hn ch. 1.2 Phng hng xy dng ti

ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

khc phc cc thc trng trn v tm ra mt gii php ti u hn nhm kt hp gia cng ngh GPS v mng di ng GSM (c th l cng ngh GPRS) a ra mt h thng ti u hn: - Chi ph u t, chi ph bo tr v s dng thp. - C kh nng qun l h thng rng ln. - Phm vi qun l khng c gii hn (khu vc no c sng di ng l c th trin khai c.) - Sn phm gn nh , d s dng H thng bao gm cc module hon chnh p ng tt gii php qun l cc tuyn xe but: Module phn cng GPS , GPRS c nhiu chc nng, c kh nng nh v v tr, kt ni vi trung tm, phn mm gim st hiu qu . . .

Hnh 1.1. S thit k h thng

1.3 Cc vn t ra T khi nhn c ti Nghin cu v s dng h thng nh v dng qun l xe


khch , nhm nhn thy y l mt ti c nhiu module lp rp v khi tin hnh

trin khai s gp nhiu kh khn:


ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3 7

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

Th nht, v ti liu ti do khng ph bin nn gy ra nhiu kh khn trong vic tm hiu ti Th hai, truyn thng qua internet trn nn tng GPRS l vn mi i hi cc thnh vin nhm phi n lc ht mnh v nng ng trong qu trnh tm hiu Th ba , .

CHNG 2 : TNG QUAN V H THNG NH V DNG QUN L XE KHCH


2.1. Tng quan v GPS.
2.1.1. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca h thng GPS.

ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

S ra i ca nhng phng tin vn chuyn nh my bay, v nhng con tu v tr i hi iu khin nhng thit b trong khng gian ba chiu. Nhng phng php dn ng v nhng h thng dn ng v tuyn in ch xc nh c v tr theo 2 chiu khng gian dng cho vic dn dt cc tu thy tr thnh li thi v khng cn ph hp. Trc nhng i hi v k thut nhiu nh khoa hc c chnh ph M ti tr thc hin nghin cu h thng dn ng da trn v tr. B Quc phng M l c quan thit k v iu khin h thng nh v ton cu. Trong nhm nhng ngi tham gia iu hnh d n GPS ca B Quc Phng M cn k ti s ng gp to ln ca TS Ivan Getting, ngi sng lp The Aerospace Corporation, v TS Bradford Parkinson, ch tch hi ng qun tr ca The Aerospace Corporation. H thng nh v ton cu (Global Positioning System - GPS) c Chnh ph M thit lp nm 1995, l h thng nh v, dn hng v nh thi trn khng trung c s dng rng ri nht hin nay. H thng v tinh ny cung cp min ph cc dch v c lin quan, bao gm cc hot ng dn s v qun s cho ngi s dng trn ton th gii. Vic p dng cng ngh GPS khng ch ph bin cho vic s dng dn s, t t, my bay n in thoi di ng, m cng l mt b phn khng th thiu ca h thng an ninh v bo v quc phng. H thng nh v ton cu (GPS-Global Positioning System) l mt mng gm 24 v tinh Navstar quay xung quanh Tri t ti cao 11.000 dm (17.600 km). c B Quc Phng M n nh chi ph ban u vo khong 13 t USD, song vic truy nhp ti GPS l min ph i vi mi ngi dng, k c nhng ngi cc nc khc. Cc s liu nh v v nh thi c s dng cho v s nhng ng dng khc nhau bao gm hng khng, t lin v hng hi, theo di cc phng tin giao thng trn b v tu bin, iu tra kho st v v bn , qun l ti sn v ti nguyn thin nhin. Vi vic khc phc c nhng gii hn v chnh xc qun s vo thng 3/1996, ngy nay GPS c th ch ra chnh xc v tr ca cc mc tiu ch nh bng ng 10 xu bt k ni no trn b mt tri t. V tinh GPS u tin c phng vo nm 1978. Mi v tinh u tin l cc v tinh m mang, gi l Block 1 (L 1). T nm 1989 n nm 1993 c 23 v tinh khai thc, gi l Block 2 (L 2) c phng ln qu o. V tinh th 24 c phng nt vo nm 1994 hon thnh h thng.

ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

V tinh bay vi vn tc cao c 12 ting ng h th mt vng qu o. Cho n nay c tng s 28 v tinh, trong 24 chic ang hot ng v 4 chic kia dng d phng khi c mt chic no b hng. Qu o bay ca h thng v tinh ny cng c sp xp bt c ch no trn tri t u nhn thy t nht l 4 v tinh ang bay ngang trn tri. Nhim v ca thit b GPS l lm sao nhn c tn hiu pht ra t cc v tinh bay ngang trn tri ti thiu l t ba v tinh. Mt khi my nhn c tn hiu pht ra t cc v tinh th cc mch in t trong my s o v bit c khong cch t cc v tinh cng nh ta ca n. Trong vi giy ng h my s lm bi ton v cho gii p ngay l ta ca my, phng php ny trong ton hc gi l TRILATERATION (php o 3 cnh tam gic). Ta ny cho bn bit t v tuyn cho n kinh tuyn chnh xc n mc ti tng giy. Mt s h thng ton cu v khu vc khc nh h thng Galileo do lin minh Chu u v C quan v tr Chu u thit lp. H thng dn hng trong khng trung GLONASS ca Nga, H thng QZSS ca Nht Bn v H thng BEIDOU ca Trung Quc hin ang c xy dng. Sau nghin cu nh gi k lng. Chng trnh dn hng v tinh Galileo, mt sng kin hp tc gia lin minh Chu u v C quan V tr Chu u, cui cng nhn c s khng nh s dng v chng trnh ny rt ging vi trng tm chnh sch ca M. Cc thc th qun l v c quan an ninh cng c yu cu pht hin v bo v chng li vic s dng cc h thng ny mt cch phi php v cho cc mc ch chng i. N lc duy tr Chng trnh GLONASS cho thy d nh ca Nga ng h GNSS ring ca mnh. H thng do Chnh ph lin bang Nga qun l bao gm 21 v tinh, c qu o quay quanh 3 hnh tinh khc nhau. T sau nm 1995 h thng GPS vn tip tc c duy tr v bo dng cng nh thay th nhng v tinh gi tui. Nm 2000, s v tinh trong chm GPS tng ln 28 v tinh. Nhng v tinh th h GPS-IIR v ang c phng ln thay th nhng v tinh gi tui. V tinh c phng ln ngy 16/9/2005 mang tn GPS-IIR-M1, l v tinh u tin thuc th h 8 chic v tinh hin i nht GPS-IIR-M. Theo website Space-Based Postioning, Navigation and Timing ca chnh ph M Chnh ph M cam kt cung cp ti thiu 24 v tinh GPS hot ng trn qu o vi 95% thi gian. Khng lc M (USA Air Force) phng cc v tinh b sung c chc nng d tr phng cho thi gian bo dng nh
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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

k cc v tinh v bo m tnh sn c ca t nht 24 v tinh hot ng. T 28/08/2009, c 35 v tinh trong chm GPS, vi 30 v tinh khe mnh cho ngi s dng. Do , chm 30 v tinh ang thc s bay nh mt chm 24 v tinh. Lch s pht trin GPS Bng 2.1. Lch s pht trin GPS

Thi gian

S kin V tinh Block I u tin c phng. Ton b 11 v tinh Block I c phng trong khong thi gian 1978 v 1985 trn Atlas-Centaur.

22/2/1978

Nhng v tinh Block I do Rockwell International xy dng c coi l nhng v tinh mu pht trin c dng kim tra h thng. B mt mt v tinh do phng trt. Phng v tinh GPS u tin thc hin nhng b cm ng H thng

26/4/1980

pht hin ting n ht nhn hot ng tng hp (Integrated Operational Nucluear Detonation Detection System (IONDS) sensors). B Quc phng thng qua quyt nh gim s v tinh ca chm v tinh GPS t 24 xung 18 tip theo sau ti cu to li chng trnh chnh

1982

do Quyt nh 1979 ca Vn phng Th k B Quc phng gy ra ct gim kinh ph 500 triu la (khong 30%) t ngn sch cho giai on nm ti chnh FY81-FY86.

14/7/1983

Phng v tinh GPS u tin thc hin h thng d tm ting n ht nhn (NDS) mi hn Theo the Soviet downing of Korean Air flight 007, tng thng

16/9/1983

Reagan ha cho GPS c s dng cho cc my bay dn dng hon ton min ph khi h thng a vo s dng. S kin ny nh du s bt u lan ta cng ngh GPS t qun s sang dn s.

4/1985

Hp ng thit b ngi s dng chnh u tin c giao cho JPO. Hp ng bao gm vic nghin cu, pht trin cng nh la chn

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

sn xut cc my thu GPS dng cho my bay, tu thy v my thu xch tay (gn nh). B Quc phng chnh thc yu cu B Giao thng (Department of Transport, DOT c trch nhim thit lp v cung cp mt vn phng 1987 p ng nhu cu ngi s dng dn s v thng tin GPS, d liu v h tr k thut. Thng 2 nm 1989, Coast Guard c trch nhim lm i l hng dn Dch v GPS Dn s (civil GPS service). Kho st tr thnh mt th trng GPS thng mi u bng c nng cnh b cho s v tinh gii hn c sn trong qu trnh pht 1988 trin chm v tinh, cc nh kho st chuyn qua s k thut nng cao chnh xc bao gm k thut GPS Vi phn (DGPS) v k thut truy theo pha sng mang (carrier phase tracking) 3/1988 Th k Air Force thng bo v vic m rng chm GPS ti 21 v tinh cng thm 3 v tinh d phng V tinh u tin ca cc v tinh Block II c phng t Cape Canaveral AFT, Florida, trn dn phng Delta II (Delta II booster). Phi thuyn con thoi (Space Shuttle) lm b phng theo k hoch cho cc v 14/2/1989 tinh Block II c Rockwell Intenational ng. Tip theo tai nn Challenger 1986, Vn phng Chng trnh Kt hp (JPO) xem xt li v s dng Delta II lm b phng v tinh GPS. SA (Selective Availabity) v AS (Anti-spoofing. Hng Martine Marietta (sau khi mua xong General Electric Astro 21/6/1989 Space Division vo nm 1992) c thng hp ng xy dng 20 v tinh b sung (Block IIR). Chic v tinh Block IIR u tin sng sng phng vo cui nm 1996. 1990 25/3/1990 Hng Trimble Navigation, nh sn xut bn my thu GPS hng u th gii c thnh lp nm 1978 hon thnh lot sn phm ban u. DOD theo K hoch Dn ng V tuyn Lin bang, ln u tin khi ng (kch hot) SA (Selective Availability) lm gim chnh

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

xc dn ng GPS c ch nh. SA c tt i trong chin tranh vnh Ba t (Persian Gulf War). Nhng yu t ng gp vo quyt nh tt SA bao gm vic ph sng ba chiu c gii hn c chm NAVSTAR cung cp trong qu o 8/1990 vo thi gian v s my thu m s chnh xc (Precision (P)-code) trong bn kim k ca DOD. DOD mua hng nghn my thu GPS dn dng ngay sau khng lu dng cho lc lng lin minh trong cuc chin tranh. 1990-1991 29/8/1991 GPS c cc lc lng lin minh dng ln u tin trong iu kin chin tranh trong Chin tranh Vnh Ba T. SA c kch hot li sau Chin tranh Vnh Ba T. M cho php cng ng th gii s dng dch v nh v tiu chun (SPS).GPS bt u t nm 1993 trn c s lin tc v min ph 1/7/1991 trong vng t nht 10 nm. Li ngh ny c thng bo trong Hi ngh Dn ng Hng khng ln th 10 (the 10th Air Navigation Conference) ca T chc Hng khng Dn dng Quc t (ICAO, International Civil Aviation Organization). M m rng li ngh 1991 vo Hi ngh thng nin ICAO 5/9/1991 bng cch cho php th gii s dng SPS trong tng lai, vic ny ph thuc vo vic c vn, cung cp dch v ny ti thiu 6 nm c thng bo trc v vic chm dt hot ng GPS hoc xa b SPS. B Trng B Quc phng chnh thc thng bo Kh nng hot ng u tin ca GPS, c ngha l 24 v tinh trn qu o h thng 8/12/1992 GPS khng cn l h thng ang trin khai na m GPS c kh nng duy tr chnh xc mc sai s 100 mt v c sn trn ton cu lin tc cho ngi s dng SPS nh ha.

17/2/1994

Ngi qun tr FAA David Hinson thng bo GPS l mt h thng dn ng u tin c thng qua s dng lm phng tin h

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

tr dn ng c lp cho tt c cc phng tin bay thng qua tip cn khng chnh xc (nonprecision approach). 6/6/1994 Ngi qun tr FAA David Hinson thng bo ngng pht trin H thng H cnh Vi sng (MLS) cho vic h cnh Loi II v III. Hng Orbital Sciences, mt nh sn xut tn la v v tinh hng u th gii ng mua hng Magellen Corp., mt nh sn xut my 11/1994 thu GPS cm tay California bng trao i chng khon tr gi 60 triu la M, mang li cho Orbital tin gn ti mc tiu tr thnh cng ty vin thng hai chiu da vo v tinh. Ngi qun tr FAA David Hinson thng bo thc hin H thng gia tng vng rng (WAAS, Wide Area Augmentation System) nhm 8/6/1994 mc ch ci thin tnh hp nht GPS v tng tnh sn c cho ngi s dng dn s trn tt c cc phng tin bay. Gi chng trnh theo d tnh mt 400-500 triu la M. Chng trnh ny c lp k hoch thc hin vo khong nm 1997. y ban hnh ng dn ng nh v B Giao thng (the 11/10/1994 Department of Transportation Positioning / Navigation Executive Committee) c thnh lp cung cp din n qua i l nhm thc hin chnh sch GPS. Ngi qun tr FAA David Hinson nhc li li ngh (USs offer) 14/10/1994 lm GPS-SPS c sn trong tng lai, da trn c s lin tc v ton cu min ph cho ngi s dng trc tip trong th gi cho ICAO. Tng thng Bil Clinton ti khng nh rng M cung cp tn hiu 16/3/1995 GPS cho cng ng ngi s dng dn dng th gii trong th gi cho ICAO 28/08/2009 C 35 v tinh trong chm GPS

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

2.1.2 Cc thnh phn ca GPS H thng v tinh GPS chia lm 3 phn: Phn khng gian (space segment): Cc v tinh. Phn iu khin (control segment ): Trm mt t. Phn ngi s dng (user segment): B thu tn hiu.

Hnh 2.1. S lin quan gia ba phn ca h thng nh v ton cu. 2.1.2.1 Phn khng gian ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3 15

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

Gm 28 qu v tinh (24 v tinh hot ng v 4 v tinh d tr khi c mt chic no b hng) (tnh n nm 2000) nm trn cc qu o xoay quanh tri t. Chng chuyn ng n nh, hai vng qu o trong khong thi gian gn 24 gi. Cc v tinh ny chuyn ng vi vn tc 7 nghn dm mt gi. Cc v tinh trn qu o c b tr sao cho cc my thu GPS trn mt t c th nhn thy ti thiu 4 v tinh vo bt k thi im no. Cc v tinh c cung cp bng nng lng Mt Tri. Chng c cc ngun pin d phng duy tr hot ng khi chy khut vo vng khng c nh sng Mt Tri. Cc tn la nh gn mi qu v tinh gi chng bay ng qu o nh.

Hnh 2.2. Chuyn ng v tinh nhn to xung quanh tri t 2.1.2.2 Phn iu khin

Mc ch trong phn ny l kim sot v tinh i ng hng theo qu o v thng tin thi gian chnh xc. C tt c 5 trm kim sot c t ri rc trn tri t. Bn trm kim sot hot ng mt cch t ng, v mt trm kim sot l trung tm
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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

Colorado Springs bang Colarado ca M. Bn trm ny nhn tn hiu lin tc t nhng v tinh v gi cc thng tin ny n trm kim sot trung tm. Ti trm kim sot trung tm, n s sa li d liu cho ng v kt hp vi hai anten khc gi li thng tin cho cc v tinh. Phn iu khin c 5 trm quan st c nhim v nh sau: Gim st v iu khin h thng v tinh lin tc Quy nh thi gian h thng GPS D on d liu lch thin vn v hot ng ca ng h trn v tinh Cp nht nh k thng tin dn ng cho tng v tinh c th.

Hnh 2.3. Phn iu khin ca GPS 2.1.2.3. Phn ngi s dng

Phn ngi s dng l khu vc c ph sng m ngi s dng dng anten v my thu tn hiu t v tinh v c c thng tin v tr, thi gian v vn tc di chuyn. Cc b thu GPS ca ngi s dng bao gm anten, b x l v mt ng h c n nh cao c t tn s truyn dn ca cc v tinh. Chng cng c th bao gm cc b phn hin th cung cp cc thng tin v tr, tc , hay bn ch ng. Mt b thu GPS c m t vi s knh. N cho bit s lng v tinh ti a m b thu c th x l ng thi. Hin nay, s knh ca b thu GPS thng t ti 12 n 20 knh.

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a s cc b thu GPS c th truyn ti d liu tnh ton c ti my tnh hay cc thit b khc s dng giao thc NMEA 0183 hay chun mi hn v t s dng hn l NMEA 2000. Ngoi ra cng c cc giao thc khc nh SiRF hay MTK. B thu GPS c th truyn d liu ti cc thit b khc thng qua giao tip ni tip, USB hay BlueTooth. 2.1.3 Hot ng ca h thng Vi GPS, cc tn hiu t cc v tinh s i ti cc v tr chnh xc ca ngi dng v c o theo php tam gic c. thc hin php tam gic c, GPS o khong cch thng qua thi gian hnh trnh ca bn tin v tuyn t v tinh ti mt my thu mt t. o thi gian hnh trnh, GPS s dng cc ng h rt chnh xc trn cc v tinh, mt khi khong cch ti v tinh c o th vic bit trc v v tr v tinh trong khng gian s c s dng hon thnh tnh ton. Cc my thu GPS trn mt t c mt cun nin gim c lu tr trong b nh my tnh ca chng ch th mi v tinh s c mt ni no trn bu tri vo bt k thi im no. Cc my thu GPS s tnh ton cc thi gian tr qua tng i lu v kh quyn tip tc lm chnh xc hn php o v tr. bo m chc chn v tinh v my thu ng b vi nhau, mi v tinh c bn ng h nguyn t ch thi gian chnh xc ti 3 ns, tc ba phn t giy. Nhm tit kim chi ph, cc ng h trong cc my thu di t c lm t chnh xc hn i cht. B li, mt php o tm hot ng v tinh c trang b thm. Php o lng gic ch ra rng, nu ba s o chnh xc nh v c v tr mt im trong khng gian ba chiu th mt php o th t c th loi b mi chnh lch thi gian no . Php o th t ny chnh li s ng b ho khng hon ho ca my thu. Khi mt t thu nhn tn hiu v tinh i ti vi tc bng tc nh sng, vi tc nh vy tn hiu cng phi mt mt lng thi gian ng k ti c my thu. S chnh lch gia thi im tn hiu c gi i v thi im tn hiu c thu nhn vi tc nh sng cho php my thu tnh c khong cch ti v tinh. o lng chnh xc cao, kinh v v , my thu o thi gian cc tn hiu t mt s v tinh truyn ti my thu GPS s dng mt h ta gi l H thng Trc a hc Ton cu 1984 (WGS-84 Worldwide Geodetic System 1984). H thng ny tng t nh cc ng k kinh tuyn v v tuyn quen thuc thng thy trn cc bn treo tng c ln. H thng
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WGS - 84 cung cp mt khung tham chiu gn sn tiu chun ho, cho php cc my thu ca bt k hng sn xut no cng cung cp ng cng mt thng tin nh v. 2.1.4 B thu GPS. B thu GPS tnh ton v tr ca n bng vic tnh ton v so snh thi gian truyn tn hiu t lc n c gi t v tinh n khi nhn c ti b thu trn mt t. Mi v tinh truyn lin tc cc bn tin c cha thi gian bn tin c gi i, thng tin qu o chnh xc, tnh trng h thng chung. B thu GPS o thi gian truyn ca mi bn tin gi t v tinh v tnh ton khong cch ti v tinh . Php o hnh hc ba cnh tam gic c s dng kt hp cc khong cch ny cng v tr ca cc v tinh xc nh v tr ca b thu. Tuy nhin trn thc t, mt sai s nh ca thi gian nhn vi vn tc rt ln ca nh sng (cng l vn tc lan truyn ca sng in t) s gy ra sai s v khong cch ng k. Do vy cc b thu s dng thm mt v tinh hiu chnh ng h ca chng. Trong mt s trng hp nu bit mt trong cc thng s ta khng gian, v d nh cao, chng ta ch cn 3 v tinh xc nh c v tr chnh xc. Tnh ton c khong cch t b thu ti v tinh, cho php xc nh v tr ca b thu nm trn hnh cu c tm l v tinh . Do vy, vi 4 v tinh ta c th xc nh c v tr ca b thu ti hai min giao ca 4 hnh cu c tm l v tr cc v tinh, bn knh l khong cch t b thu ti cc v tinh . Trng hp khng c li, b thu GPS s c v tr ti mt im giao ca 4 b mt hnh cu. Nu b mt ca hai mt cu giao nhau ti nhiu hn mt im, giao tuyn ca chng s l mt hnh trn. Giao tuyn ny v mt cu th 3 trong hu ht cc trng hp s giao nhau ti hai im (mc d chng c th ch giao nhau ti mt im hoc khng giao nhau). V tr chnh xc ca b thu GPS l 1 trong hai giao im m gn vi b mt tri t nht i vi cc b thu ca cc phng tin di chuyn trn hay gn b mt tri t. Giao im cn li c th l v tr chnh xc ca mt thit b khc trong khng gian.

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Hnh 2.4. Tnh ton v tr ca b thu GPS trn b mt tri t

2.1.5 Phng trnh xc nh ta

Hnh 2.5. H trc ta my thu - v tinh

xc nh c ta th ti v tr cn nhn thy t nht 4 v tinh (hnh v). Ta c khong cch gia v tr cn o v v tinh l = c * t, trong c l vn tc nh sng v t l khong thi gian sng truyn t v tinh ti vt.

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Gi ta v tr l (X, Y, Z), ti mt thi im ta c 4 phng trnh nh sau:

Hnh 2.6. Phng trnh xc nh ta ca my thu GPS

Trong t l thng s ng b thi gian gia pha pht v pha thu. Gii 4 phng trnh 4 n ta thu c ta cn xc nh.

2.1.6 Hiu chnh ng h ca b thu. Phng php tnh ton v tr trong trng hp khng c li c gii thch trn. Trong thc t, ngun gy li ng k nht l ng h ca b thu GPS. Bi v tc lan truyn nh sng l rt ln, do vy ch mt sai s nh ca thi gian s gy ra sai lch ln trong tnh ton khong cch t b thu ti v tinh. Mun vy b thu GPS phi c trang b mt ng h c bit chnh xc, vi gi thnh cao. Tuy nhin, cc nh sn xut mong mun a ra th trng nhng thit b thu GPS mc gi chp nhn c cho th trng a s ngi dng, do vy cch gii quyt s xung t ny da trn cch m cc mt cu giao nhau. Hu ht cc kh nng b mt ca 3 mt cu s giao nhau khi ng trn giao tuyn ca hai mt cu u tin thng s ln v s giao vi mt cu th 3 ti hai im. Tuy vy, mt cu th 4 hu nh s khng c kh nng giao vi hai im ca ba mt cu u tin, do bt k mt s sai s v thi gian khi thc hin cc php tnh trn b thu. Tuy nhin, khong cch t v tr c lng ca b thu GPS ti b mt hnh cu ng vi v tinh th 4 c th c s dng hiu chnh sai s ng h. Chng ta t khong cch t v tr c lng ca b thu GPS ti v tinh th 4 l R4, P4 l gi khong cch ca v tinh th 4. Khi , khong cch Da t v tr c lng ca b thu ti b mt hnh cu ng vi v tinh th 4: Da = R4 P4. Thi gian c lng cho s sai s ng h c
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tnh l B= Da / c (vi c l vn tc nh sng). Chng ta d nhn thy ng h trn b thu GPS tr khi gi tr B l m v nhanh khi gi tr B l dng. 2.1.7 Tn hiu nh v Mi v tinh GPS lin tc truyn cc bn tin nh v vi tc 50bit/s bao gm cc thng tin: thi gian trong tun, s tun v thng tin trng thi hot ng ca v tinh (tt c cha trong phn u ca bn tin), lch thin vn (cha trong phn th 2 ca bn tin) v mt nin lch (phn cui ca bn tin). D liu lch thin vn cho bit v tinh ang v tr no trn qu o mi thi im trong ngy. D liu nin lch c pht nh k cha thng tin v trng thi ca v tinh v ngy gi hin ti. Cc bn tin c truyn trong cc khung, vi thi gian truyn l 30 giy cho 1500 bit, 30 giy truyn ca khung bn tin c bt u chnh xc ti thi im trn pht hoc na pht theo ng h nguyn t ca v tinh. Mi khung c cha 5 khung con vi di 6 giy v cha 300 bit, mi khung con c cha 10 t, mi t 0,6 giy v 30 bit. Tt c cc v tinh pht bn tin nh v ti cng hai tn s 1.57542 GHz (tn s L1) v 1.2276 GHz (tn s L2). B thu c th phn bit c tn hiu t cc v tinh khc nhau do GPS p dng k thut tri ph a truy cp phn chia theo m (CDMA), ti cc d liu bn tin c tc bit thp c m ha vi s gi ngu nhin (PRN) tc cao, khc nhau vi tng v tinh. 2.1.8 Ngun li ca tn hiu GPS C kh nhiu ngun c th gy nhiu hoc suy gim tn hiu siu cao tn pht t v tinh ti cc b thu. Khi b thu c th khng thc hin c cc php tnh ton v tr hay cho kt qu sai lch: S gi chm ca tng i lu (do m) v tng in ly. Tn hiu b chm i khi i xuyn qua tng kh quyn, nht l tng in ly. H thng GPS s dng cc m hnh tch hp sn tnh ton tr tn hiu trung bnh v hiu chnh mt phn li do nguyn nhn ny gy ra. Hiu ng nhiu ng: xy ra khi tn hiu GPS b phn x t cc ta nh, cc b mt ln trc khi ti c b thu. Nguyn nhn ny s lm tng thi gian truyn dn tn hiu GPS.

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Sai lch ng h my thu: ng h trn my thu c th sai lch so vi cc ng h nguyn t trn v tinh, gy ra cc php tnh sai v khong cch. Tuy nhin trn thc t cc sai lch v ng h rt nh. Li qu o: Cng c bit n l cc li thin vn, do cc v tinh thng bo v tr khng chnh xc. S lng v tinh nhn thy ti v tr b thu: Cng nhiu s lng v tinh nhn thy c th cc php tnh ca b thu cng chnh xc. Bt k mt vt cn no cng c th lm che khut cc v tinh khi tm nhn ca b thu GPS. Cc b thu GPS thng khng lm vic trong nh, di nc hay di lng t. Che khut v hnh hc: Ph thuc vo v tr tng i ca cc v tinh thi im bt k. Khi cc v tinh nm trn mt ng thng hoc to thnh nhm s gy ra s che khut i vi b thu GPS. S suy gim ca tn hiu v tinh c ch : L hnh ng c mc ch ca B Quc phng Hoa K nhm ngn chn cc i th qun s thu c chnh xc tn hiu nh v. Tuy vic ny c ngng t nm 2000, tuy nhin khng c mt s m bo chc chn v tnh n nh v chnh xc ca cc b thu GPS.

2.1.9. Chun NMEA0183


2.1.9.1 S lc v chun NMEA v chun NMEA0183 NMEA (hay NMEA 0183) l s mt chun giao thc cho truyn thng gia cc thit b in t dng cho tu thy cng nh cc thit b o tc gi, la bn, my li t ng, thit b thu GPS v rt nhiu cc thit b khc c nh ngha v pht trin bi Hip hi in t tu thy quc gia Hoa K (National Marine Electronics Association). Chun NMEA 0183 s dng cc k t ASCII, giao thc truyn thng ni tip quy nh cch mt thit b gi truyn mt cu d liu ti thit b nhn ti mt thi im. tng ng dng, chun NMEA quy nh ni dung cc kiu cu d liu cho php thit b nhn c kh nng phn tch d liu mt cch chnh xc. Cc cu d liu u bt u bng k t $ v kt thc bng <CR><LF>. i vi cc cc thit b GPS, tt c cc cu d liu u bt u bng $GPxxx trong xxx l loi bn tin. Mt s loi cu d liu thng s dng:

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GGA: Global positioning system fixed data GLL: Geographic position-latitude/longitude GSA: GNSS DOP and active satellites GSV: GNSS satellites in view RMC: Recommended minimum specific GNSS data VTG: Course over ground and ground speed Cu hnh truyn thng ni tip (tng lin kt d liu) Tc bit: 4800 bps S bit d liu: 8

Bt chn l: None Bit dng: 1 hoc nhiu hn C ch bt tay thit b: khng Hu ht cc my GPS hin nay u giao tip da trn chun NMEA 0183, mt s th vn c th dng c vi chun NMEA 0180 v NMEA 0182 vi tc truyn d liu ch c 1200bps. 2.1.9.2 Cu trc chui NMEA Mi cu bt u bng k t $ 5 k t tip theo cho php nhn dng loi cu d liu Tt c cc trng d liu theo sau c phn cch bi du , K t u tin tip theo sau cc trng d liu l du * Theo sau du * l hai s checksum biu din di dng hex. Checksum c tnh bng cch XOR tt c cc m ASCII ca tt c cc trng gia 2 du $ v * k c m ASCII ca du *. Cc k t enter v xung dng kt thc cu d liu. Nu d liu cho mt trng no khng c th trng trng v du , ngn cch gia cc trng vn c truyn i.
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V d vi cu d liu GPRMC $GPRMC,225446,A,4916.45,N,12311.12,W,000.5,054.7,191194,020.3,E*68 2.1.9.3 Mt s kiu bn tin NMEA thu c ca GPS a/ Bn tin kiu GGA-Global Positioning System Fixed Data - D liu c nh GPS V d ta nhn c chui bn tin $GPGGA,161229.487,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,1,07,1.0,9.0,M,,,,0000*18 Sau y l din gii ca bn tin:

Bng 2.2. Din gii ca bn tin GPGGA Tn Message ID V d $GPGGA n v M t Giao thc header (GGA protocol header) Thi gian (UTC Time) 161229.487 Gi pht giy (% giy) hhmmss.sss V (Latitude) Ch dn Nam Bc (N/S Indicator) Kinh (Longitude) Ch dn ng Ty (E/W Indicator) Ch th v tr c nh (Position Fix
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3723.2475 N

ddmm.mmmm N = Bc hoc S=Nam N=north or S=south

12158.3416 W

dddmm.mmmm E=ng hoc W=Ty E=east or W=west

Xem bng di

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

Indicator) S v tinh c dng (Satellites Used) HDOP (Horizontal Dilution of Precision) MSL Altitude n v (Units) Geoid Separation Age of Diff. Corr. Diff. Ref. Station ID Kim tra (Checksum) <CR><LF> Gi tr ch th v tr c nh (Position Fix Indicator) 0 1 2 3 Cho bit gi tr c nh khng th thc hin nh v GPS, SPS Mode c nh nh v Differential GPS, SPS Mode c nh nh v GPS PPS Mode c nh 0000 *18 1.0 Hiu chnh chnh xc meters meters meters second chia a cu Khng c hiu lc khi DGPS khng c dng ID trm hiu chnh GPS Kim tra m truyn tin Kt thc bn tin M t cao so vi mt nc bin 07 Range 0 to 12

9.0 M

b/ Bn tin kiu GLL-Geographic Position-Latitude/Longitude - Bn tin a l theo kinh v V d ta nhn c chui bn tin

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$GPGLL,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,161229.487,A*2C Sau y l din gii ca bn tin Bng 2.3. Din gii ca bn tin GPGLL Tn Message ID V d $GPGLL n v M t Giao thc header GLL (GLL protocol header) V (Latitude) Ch dn Nam Bc (N/S Indicator) Kinh (Longitude) Ch dn ng Ty (E/W Indicator) Thi gian (UTC Time) 161229.487 Gi pht giy (% giy) hhmmss.sss Tnh trng Kim tra (Checksum) <CR><LF> A *2C A: d liu hp l; V: d liu khng hp l. Kim tra m truyn tin Kt thc bn tin 12158.3416 W dddmm.mmmm E=ng hoc W=Ty E=east or W=west 3723.2475 N ddmm.mmmm N = Bc hoc S=Nam N=north or S=south

c/ Bn tin kiu RMC- (Recommended Minimum Specific GNSS Data) V d ta nhn c chui bn tin $GPRMC,161229.487,A,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,0.13,309.62,120598,,*10 Sau y l din gii ca bn tin Bng 2.4. Din gii ca bn tin GPRMC

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Tn Message ID

V d $GPRMC

n v

M t Giao thc header RMC (RMC protocol header)

Thi gian (UTC Time)

161229.487

Gi pht giy (% giy) hhmmss.sss

Tnh trng V (Latitude) Ch dn Nam Bc (N/S Indicator) Kinh (Longitude) Ch dn ng Ty (E/W Indicator) Tc trn mt t Hng bm trn mt t Ngy thng Kim tra (Checksum) <CR><LF>

A 3723.2475 N

A: d liu hp l; V: d liu khng hp l. ddmm.mmmm N = Bc hoc S=Nam N=north or S=south

12158.3416 W

dddmm.mmmm E=ng hoc W=Ty E=east or W=west

0.13 309.62 120598 *10

Knots ng (True) ddmmyy Kim tra m truyn tin Kt thc bn tin

2.2. H thng thng tin di ng ton cu GSM v cng ngh GPRS. H thng thng tin di ng ton cu GSM l tiu chun ph bin nht trong thng tin di ng trn th gii hin nay. Theo t chc sng lp l hip hi GSM c on

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rng, 80% th trng di ng ton cu ang s dng cng ngh ny, vi hn 3 t ngi trn hn 212 quc gia. S ph bin ny gip cho vic chuyn vng quc t gia cc nh cung cp dch v di ng tr nn d dng, cc thu bao c th s dng dch v di ng nhiu ni trn th gii. Ngoi cung cp dch v cuc gi thoi, GSM cng m rng cc dch v tin li khc cho ngi s dng nh tin nhn ngn SMS, c h tr tt bi hu ht cc chun di ng khc. Cc tiu chun mi sau ny ra i, nh General Packet Radio Service GPRS (nm 1997) v Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution EDGE (nm 1999), mang li cc dch v gi tr gia tng phong ph v cc mc cc ph hp dn.

2.2.1. Cc th h pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng. a) Th h th nht 1G S dng phng thc a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s FDMA v iu ch tn s FM Cc c im chnh: H tr dch v thoi n thun Cht lng thoi thp Tnh bo mt km Mt s h thng in hnh: NMT: Nordic Mobile Telephone s dng bng tn 450MHz, trin khai ti cc

nc Bc u vo nm 1981 TACS: Total Access Communication System trin khai ti Anh nm 1985 AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System trin khai ti Bc M vo nm 1978, s

dng bng tn 800MHz. b) Th h th 2 2G: L cc h thng thng tin di ng s t bo Cc c im: Dung lng truyn ti tng. Cht lng thoi tt hn.

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H tr mt s dch v s liu n gin. Phng thc truy cp: TDMA, CDMA. Phng thc chuyn mch: chuyn mch knh. Mt s h thng in hnh: GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications, trin khai ti chu u nm 1991

D-AMPS: Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System, c trin khai ti M IS-95 (CDMA One): trin khai ti M v Hn Quc

c) Th h th 2 ci tin 2,5G Cho ra i cc dch v s liu ci tin, pht trin t nn GSM. Cc c im: Tc bit cao hn. H tr kt ni internet. Phng thc chuyn mch: chuyn mch gi. Cc dch v in hnh: GPRS General Packet Radio Services: nng cp t mng GSM nhm h tr

chuyn mch gi, vi tc truyn dn t 172kbps EDGE Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution: h tr tc bit cao hn

GPRS trn nn mng GSM, tc truyn dn t ti 384kbps d) Th h th 3 3G H tr cc dch v truyn s liu tc cao v dch v truy cp internet: Di chuyn trn cc phng tin: 144kbps ( t bo marco) i b, di chuyn chm: 384kbps ( t bo mico) Vn phng: 2Mbps ( t bo pico) Hai hng trin khai cho mng 3G:

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W-CDMA (UTMS): pht trin t nn GSM/GPRS CDMA 2000 1xEVDO: pht trin t nn CDMA One (IS-95)

e) Th h th 4 4G 4G, hay 4-G, vit tt ca fourth-generation, l cng ngh truyn thng khng dy th t, cho php truyn ti d liu vi tc ti a trong iu kin l tng ln ti 1 cho n 1,5 Gb/giy.

Cc c im: Tc cao cc nghin cu u tin ca NTT DoCoMo cho bit, in thoi 4G c th nhn d liu vi tc 100 mbps khi di chuyn v ti 1 Gbps khi ng yn, cho php ngi s dng c th ti v truyn ln hnh nh ng cht lng cao. Tng cng kh nng tch hp theo cc phng din: Thit b u cui, ng dng, v h tng mng trn nn giao thc IP Xu hng kt hp mng li IP v mng truy nhp di ng 3G, truy nhp v tuyn Wimax & Wi-fi. 2.2.2 Tng quan v mng thng tin di ng s t bo. Nm 1982, Hi ngh cc nh lnh o chu u v bu chnh v vin thng (CEPT), thnh lp nhm mang tn Groupe Spcial Mobile (GSM) pht trin mt tiu chun cho h thng thng tin di ng c th s dng trn ton chu u. Nm 1987, mt hip c ghi nh c k bi 13 quc gia pht trin mt h thng thng tin di ng chung Chu u. Cui cng, h thng c thit k bi SINTEF mt t chc nghin cu c lp hng u ti Na-uy, do Torleiv Maseng iu hnh c la chn Nm 1989, GSM c chuyn giao cho Vin tiu chun vin thng chu u (European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI), v giai on 1 ca cc ch tiu k thut GSM c cng b nm 1990. Mt nm sau , mng thng tin di ng GSM u tin trn th gii c trin khai ti Phn Lan bi nh cung cp dch v di ng Radiolinja, vi s lin kt v k thut h tng vi tp on Ericsson. n cui nm 1993, trn mt triu thu bao s dng mng in thoi di ng GSM, vi khong
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70 nh cung cp dch v ca 48 quc gia trn ton th gii. Hin nay GSM ang c qun l v pht trin bi D n i tc th h th 3 - 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) H thng thng tin di ng ton cu GSM l mt mng t bo, iu c ngha l cc trm di ng (Mobile Station MS) kt ni ti mng bng cch tm kim cc trm thu pht gc (Base Tranceiver Station BTS) tng ng trong t bo (cell) gn nht. C 5 kch thc t bo khc nhau trong mng GSM: Macro, micro, pico, femto, v umbrella. Phm vi bao ph ca mi loi khc nhau, ty theo mi trng trin khai ng dng. Cc macro l cc t bo ni anten ca trm thu pht gc c t trn cc ct hay nc ta nh cao tng, cao hn cao trung bnh ca mi nh. Cc micro l cc t bo ti ni anten c t thp hn cao trung bnh ca mi nh, thng c s dng trong th. Cc Pico l cc t bo c ng knh bao ph khong vi chc mt, thng c s dng trong nh. Cc Femto l cc t bo c thit k s dng cho nh ring hay phm vi kinh doanh nh, kt ni vi mng di ng ca nh cung cp qua kt ni internet bng thng rng. Cc umbrella l cc t bo s dng bao ph cc vng bng, che khut ca cc t bo nh hn v lp y cc l trng ca cc ny. Bn knh ngang ca cc t bo ph thuc vo chiu cao anten, khuch i ca anten v iu kin lan truyn sng, t 1 vi trm mt cho ti vi chc kilomet. Khong cch ti a m chun GSM h tr l 35km. 2.2.3 Giao din v tuyn Mng li GSM hot ng trn mt s cc di tn s khc nhau. Hu ht cc mng GSM th h th 2 (2G) hot ng trn di tn 900MHz v 1800MHz. Mt s nc chu M bao gm Canada v Hoa K s dng bng tn 850MHz v 1900MHz v c hai bng tn 900MHz v 1800MHz c s dng. Hu ht cc mng GSM th h th 3 (3G) trin khai ti chu u hot ng trn bng tn 2100MHz. Ngoi ra, mt s quc gia s dng mt s bng tn him 400MHz v 450MHz khi m cc bng tn trn c cp cho cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th nht 1G.
Bng 2.5. Bng phn loi 14 bng tn nh ngha trong 3GPP TS 45.005

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H thng

Bng tn

Uplink (MHz) 380.2389.8 410.2419.8 450.4457.6 478.8486.0 698.0716.0 747.0762.0 806.0821.0 824.0849.0 890.0915.0 880.0915.0

Downlink (MHz) 390.2399.8 420.2429.8 460.4467.6 488.8496.0 728.0746.0 777.0792.0 851.0866.0 869.0894.0 935.0960.0 925.0960.0

S knh

T-GSM-380 T-GSM-410 GSM-450 GSM-480 GSM-710 GSM-750 T-GSM-810 GSM-850 P-GSM-900 E-GSM-900

380 410 450 480 710 750 810 850 900 900

ng ng 259293 306340 ng 438511 ng 128251 1124 9751023, 0-124

R-GSM-900

900

876.0915.0 870.4876.0

921.0960.0 915.4921.0 1805.01880.0 1930.01990.0

9551023, 0-124 ng 512885 512810

T-GSM-900 900 DCS-1800 PCS-1900

1800 1710.01785.0 1900 1850.01910.0

P-GSM, GSM-900 chun E-GSM, GSM-900 m rng, bao gm GSM-900 R-GSM, Railways GSM-bao gm GSM-900 chun v GSM-900 m rng T-GSM, TETRA-GSM

Bng tn GSM-900 s dng di tn s t 890MHz 915MHz truyn thng tin t MS ti BTS (uplink) v 935MHz 960MHz cho hng truyn t BTS ti MS (downlink), chia thnh 124 knh tn s (nh s t 1-124), mi knh cch nhau mt khong 200KHz. mt s ni, GSM-900 c m rng c th s dng bng tn s

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ln hn. Gi l E-GSM, s dng di tn s 880 915MHz (uplink) v 925 960MHz (downlink), cho php tng thm 50 knh (t knh s 975 1023 v 0) so vi GSM-900. Bng tn GSM-1800 s dng di tn 1710MHz 1785MHz truyn thng tin t MS ti BTS (uplink) v 1805MHz 1880MHz truyn thng tin t BTS ti MS (downlink), chia thnh 374 knh (nh s t 512 ti ti 885) Bng tn GSM-850 v GSM-1900 c s dng ti M, Canada, c, v cc nc chu M khc. GSM-850 s dng di tn t 824MHz 849MHz truyn thng tin t MS ti BTS (uplink) v 869MHz 894MHz cho chiu ngc li (uplink). C tng cng 124 knh nh s t 128 ti 251 GSM-1900 s dng di tn 1850MHz 1910MHz cho hng uplink v 1930MHz 1990MHz cho hng downlink, chia thnh 299 knh, nh s t 512 ti 810 Cng sut pht ln nht ca trm di ng MS bng tn GSM-900/GSM-1800 l 1W v GSM-850/GSM-1900 l 2W. 2.2.4 Kin trc mng GSM

Hnh 2.7. Kin trc mng GSM

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

Mng GSM kh ln v phc tp p ng y cc dch v cho khch hng, v c chia thnh cc phn nh sau: - Phn h chuyn mch NSS: Network Switching SubSystem - Phn h v tuyn RSS = BSS + MS: Radio SubSystemPhn h vn hnh v bo dng OMS: Operation and Maintenance SubSystem. 2.2.4.1 Trm di ng MS - Mobile Station

Hnh 2.8. Trm di ng MS

Trm di ng MS = ME + SIM ME: Mobile Equipment Thit b di ng. Bao gm phn cng v phn mm. Mi thit b di ng c gn lin vi mt s nhn dng thit b di ng (IMEI - International Mobile Equipment Identity) duy nht do nh sn xut ng k SIM: Subcriber Indentity Module Module nhn dng thu bao. Lu gi cc thng tin nhn thc thu bao, mt m ha v gii mt m ha. Cc thng tin lu trong SIM gm c: Cc s nhn dng IMSI, TMSI Kha nhn thc Ki Kha mt m Kc

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S hiu nhn dng vng nh v LAI (Location Area ID) Danh sch cc tn s ln cn S nhn dng IMSI: International Mobile Subscriber Identity S nhn dng MS bi h thng, phc v bo hiu v iu khin S nhn dng TMSI: Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity S nhn dng thu bao tm thi, c cu trc ti a l 32 bit. TMSI c b ghi nh v VLR cp pht cho MS, cho php nhn dng duy nht 1 MS trong vng iu khin ca mt VLR 2.2.4.2 Cc phn h ca mng GSM

Hnh 2.9. Cc phn h ca mng GSM

Hnh 2.10. Phn h trm gc BSS

a) Phn h trm gc BSS = TRAU + BSC + BTS BTS kt ni vi NSS thng qua lung c s PCM 2Mbps
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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

BSC: B iu khin trm gc - iu khin mt s trm BTS, x l cc tin bo hiu, vn hnh v bo dng i/n BTS

Khi to kt ni - iu khin chuyn giao Kt ni n MSC, BTS v OMC TRAU: B chuyn i m v phi hp tc BTS: Trm thu pht gc - Thu pht v tuyn - nh x knh logic vo knh vt l - M ha / Gii m ha - Mt m ha / Gii mt m ha - iu ch / Gii iu ch

Hnh 2.11. B chuyn i m v phi hp tc

b) Phn h chuyn mch NSS

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

Hnh 2.12. Phn h chuyn mch NSS

Tng i di ng (MSC) - X l cuc gi - iu khin chuyn giao - Qun l di ng - X l tnh cc - Tng tc mng B nh v thng tr (HLR): l c s d liu tham chiu, lu gi thng tin cc thu bao lu di. - Cc s nhn dng: IMSI, MSISDN - Cc thng tin v thu bao - Danh sch dch v MS c/khng c php s dng - S hiu VLR ang phc v MS B nh v tm tr (VLR): l c s d liu trung gian, lu tr tm thi thng tin v thu bao trong vng phc v MSC/VLR c tham chiu t c s d liu HLR HLR: - Cc s nhn dng IMSI, MSISDN, TMSI. - S hiu nhn dng vng nh v ang phc v MS - Danh sch dch v MS c/khng c php s dng

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

- Trng thi ca MS (bn/ri) Trung tm nhn thc (AuC): l c s d liu lu gi m kha c nhn Ki ca cc thu bao v to ra b ba tham s nhn thc: RAND, Kc, SRES khi HLR yu cu tin hnh nhn thc thu bao. Khi nhn dng thit b (EIR): l c s d liu thng tin v tnh hp l ca thit b di ng ME qua s IMEI. C 3 phn loi thit b da trn s IMEI: - Danh sch trng: ME iu kin - Danh sch en: ME b nh cp - Danh sch xm: ME li hoc khng p ng cc tiu chun GSM hin ti.

c) Phn h vn hnh v bo dng OMS Cc thnh phn ca phn h NSS v BSS (BSC, BTS, TRAU) c iu hnh, theo di v bo dng tp trung thng qua phn h OMS. OMS c th bao gm 1 hoc nhiu trung tm bo dng OMC Operation & Maintenance Center Trung tm bo dng OMC c cc thit b u cui vn hnh v bo dng OMT (Operation and Maintenance Terminal) cho php thao tc cc lnh can thip ti h thng v cc OMT ny kt ni thng qua mng cc b LAN. Chc nng OMC: - Qun l cnh bo - Qun l li - Qun l cht lng - Qun l cu hnh - Qun l bo mt Phn loi OMC: - OMC-S (Switching): qun l phn h NSS - OMC-R (radio): qun l phn h BSS

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

2.2.5 Cc chc nng ca mng GSM Mt mng thng tin di ng GSM thc hin 5 chc nng: - Truyn dn (d liu v bo hiu, MS, BTS, BSC) - Qun l truyn thng / kt ni (CM) - Qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn (RRM) - Qun l s lu ng (MM) - Bo tr, qun tr v vn hnh (OAM)

2.3 Dch v s liu ci tin GPRS General Packet Radio Service


2.3.1 S lc GPRS l dch v d liu di ng, s dng phng thc chuyn mch gi c pht trin trn nn h thng thng tin di ng ton cu GSM, cho php cc thit b di ng gi v nhn d liu trong mng. GPRS l mt bc pht trin ln h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 (3G). Tc : GPRS s dng phng thc chuyn mch gi. Tc kt ni cao hn, c th t ti khong 56-118kbps, so vi mng GSM truyn thng ch l 9,6kbps. Bng vic kt hp cc khe thi gian chun GSM, tc theo l thuyt c th t ti 171,2kbps. Tuy nhin, tc 20-50kbps l kh thi hn trong thc t. Kt ni lin tc: GPRS l dch v kt ni lin tc, m khng cn phi quay s. y khng phi l mt tnh nng duy nht c GPRS, nhng s khng c tr ngi no n tr thnh tnh nng then cht khi chuyn tip ln 3G. N gip cho cc thit b tip nhn cc dch v mt cch tc thi. Cc ng dng gi tr gia tng mi v tt hn: Kt ni truyn d liu tc cao v lin tc cho php cc ng dng internet v cc dch v nh hi thoi hnh c th c thc hin trn cc thit b di ng hay chuyn ti my PC. Chi ph u t v vn hnh: Cc nh cung cp dch v mng di ng khng cn phi bt u t vch xut pht c th trin khai GPRS. GPRS c nng cp t mng GSM c. Cc ph dch v truyn ti d liu bng GPRS thng c tnh trn lu lng truyn ti, trong khi phng php truyn thng s dng chuyn mch knh c tnh
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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

da trn thi gian kt ni, khng ph thuc vo vic ngi s dng ang truyn ti d liu hay trng thi ngh. 2.3.2. Kin trc h thng GPRS chung.

Hnh 2.13. Kin trc chung ca h thng GPRS

GPRS khng phi l mt mng hon ton tch bit vi GSM. Nhiu thit b nh trm thu pht gc (BTS), b iu khin trm thu pht gc (BSC) vn c s dng. Vic trin khai dch v GPRS thng l nng cp v phn mm, phn cng hoc c hai. Vic nng cp phn mm hu nh c th c thc hin t xa. C hay b phn chc nng quan trong trong hot ng ca GPRS: Serving GPRS Support Node SGSN v Gateway GPRS Support Node GGSN. Hai thnh phn ny l nhng thay i ln nht v hon ton mi so vi mng GSM. Dch v d liu GPRS hot ng song song vi dch v thoi trn GSM. Trong mng GSM thng c nhiu trm iu khin trm thu pht gc (BSC). Khi trin khai dch v GPRS, ti cc trm BSC c b sung cc b n v iu khin gi tin PCU Packet Control Unit. B phn ny s phn bit d liu ca mng GSM chun (hay chuyn mch knh) v d liu ca dch v GPRS ( hay chuyn mch gi). Trong vi trng hp, PCU c th l cc b phn ring bit. SGSN Nt h tr dch v GPRS (SGSN) m nhn cc tc nhim quan trng, bao gm nh tuyn (routing), chuyn giao v cp pht a ch IP. SGSN c mt kt ni logic ti cc thit b GPRS. Khi thit b ang s dng dch v GPRS di chuyn, t t bo ny sang t bo khc, SGSN c nhim v m bo kt
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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

ni ca thit b di ng ti mng khng b ngt. Khi thit b di chuyn vo mt vng mng c iu khin bi mt SGSN khc, n s thc hin chuyn giao cho SGSN mi. Qu trnh ny c thc hin rt nhanh. Bt k gi d liu no b mt trong qu trnh chuyn giao ny cng s c truyn li. SGSN chuyn i d liu di ng thnh IP v c kt ni vi GGSN qua giao thc ng hm( tunneling protocol). GGSN Nt h tr cng vo GPRS (GGSN) l cng cui cng trong mng GPRS trc khi kt ni vi mt ISP hay b nh tuyn ca mng doanh nghip. GGSN v c bn l mt cng vo (gateway), b nh tuyn (router) v tng la (firewall) kt hp lm mt. GGSN cng lm nhim v xc nhn chi tit ngi dng vi my ch RADIUS cho qu trnh bo mt, thng xy ra trong mng IP, hay bn ngoi mng GPRS. Kt ni gia SGSN v GGSN Kt ni gia hai nt h tr GPRS s dng giao thc gi l GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP). GTP nm trn TCP/IP v c trch nhim thu thp cc thng tin tnh cc v dn xp. Trong thc t hai khi GSN c th nm cng trong mt khi n. HLR Home Location Register B ng k v tr trung tm (HLR) l mt c s d liu cha cc thng tin thu bao, khi mt thit b di ng kt ni ti mng s dng s nhn dng MSISDN, trng thi ca thu bao, hay i khi l a ch IP. 2.3.3 a ch IP a) Cp pht a ch IP C 3 cch khc nhau cp pht a ch IP cho cc thit b di ng. Cp pht IP tnh: a ch IP tnh cho thit b di ng khng c s dng do s hn ch ca a ch IPv.4. Thng tin ny c lu gi trong HLR

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Hnh 2.14. Cp pht a ch IP tnh trong GPRS

Cp pht IP ng: Thit b di ng c cp pht a ch IP ng. a ch IP ny khng c lu gi ti HLR, m c chuyn cho GGSN.

Hnh 2.15. Cp pht a ch IP ng trong GPRS

Phng php cp pht IP th 3, cng l mt dng cp pht ng, trong a ch IP c cp pht bi my ch RADIUS, thng c t ngoi mng thng tin di ng, trong mng IP. b) Lin lc gia SGSN v GGSN Mt thit b di ng c lp trnh vi mt hay nhiu tn im truy cp Access Point Name (APN). Mt APN c cha mt tn my ch tn min DNS. Khi thit b di

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ng mun truy cp mt a ch web, SGSN tm kim my ch tn min DNS v phn gii tn ti ng GGSN tng ng. 2.3.4 Cc lp thit b GPRS. C 3 lp khc nhau ca thit b GPRS: Lp A: Cc thit b u cui lp A c hai b thu pht, cho php gi/nhn d liu thoi v d liu GPRS ng thi. Lp B: Cc thit b u cui lp B c th gi/nhn d liu thoi hoc d liu GPRS nhng khng ng thi c hai. Lp C: Cc thit b ny ch cho php thc hin 1 trong 2 kt ni thoi hoc d liu 2.3.5 Thng s cht lng dch v (QoS) GPRS a) Kin trc mng: Cc mng li cn c nng cp trong GPRS, trong c cc nt h tr GSN. GPRS p ng s trng i ca ngi s dng v hiu sut mng. b) Giao din v tuyn ETSI cho ra i 3 s m ha mi cho giao din v tuyn. Khi thit b GPRS lin lc vi trm thu pht gc, chng c th s dng 1 trong 4 s . Cc s CS-1 ti CS-3 trong CS-1 ging nh chun GSM. Mt cch n gin, CS-1 c d tha ln, trong khi CS-2 v CS-3 c t d tha hn. Trong khi CS-4 c t d tha nht, g b tt cc iu khin li, trong khi t kh nng truyn ti ln nht. Nu cht lng sng v tuyn thp, CS-1 c s dng, vi cc iu khin li gip tng cht lng dch v.
Bng 2.7. Cc m hnh m ha v tc d liu ca GPRS

Kiu m ha

Tin m ha (USF)

Bit thng tin

Bit chn l

Bit ui

Ng ra m chp

Bit punctured

T l m

Tc d liu (kbps)

CS-1 CS-2 CS-3

3 6 6

181 268 312

40 16 16

4 4 4

456 588 676

0 132 220

1/2 2/3 3/4

9.05 13.4 15.6


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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

CS-4

12

428

16

456

21.4

c) Cc lp dch v GPRS Cc thit b di ng c th yu cu cc loi truyn ti khc nhau c u tin, trong n lc mang n cho ngi s dng mc kt ni mong mun. C 4 lp truyn ti khc nhau: Lp u tin: Mt ng dng c th c gn cho mt lp u tin 1, 2 hay 3. Nu mt ng dng c u tin cao hn (1) cc ng dng khc (3) th qu trnh truyn ti ca n s c th t u tin cao hn. Lp tr: Cc ng dng c th yu cu cc lp tr, m bo tr trung bnh 95%. C 4 lp, lp 1 l nhanh nht. Lp tin cy: Cc ng dng c th yu cu cc mc khc nhau ca tin cy cho d liu ca n, ph thuc vo mc mt mt d liu. Lp dung lng: Cc ng dng c th chn cc cu hnh khc nhau cho lu lng. C hai lp: nh v trung bnh. Lp lu lng nh c s dng ch yu cho cc truyn dn tc thi vi s lng octet bin i trong mt giy. Lp trung bnh l tc truyn dn trung bnh trong mt khong thi gian, tnh bng s octet trong mt gi. Ngoi ra, cc nhn t khc cng c th nh hng ti QoS, nh cht lng sng v tuyn, nghn mng internet, LAN/WAN, li trong mng GSM/GPRS, vv 2.3.6 Cc dch v h tr Dch v GPRS trn nn GSM cung cp cc dch v mi: - Dch v tin nhn a phng tin (MMS Multimedia messaging service). - Dch v m thoi Push to Talk (PTT). - Cc ng dng internet trn thit b thng minh, qua giao thc ng dng khng giy (WAP Wireless Application Protocol). - Dch v Point to Point (PTP): lin mng vi mng internet (giao thc IP)

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GPRS cho php tng hiu qu s dng ng truyn v tc truyn d liu. Khi s dng dch v nhn tin ngn SMS bng GPRS c th t c tc truyn tin 30 bn tin / pht, trong khi vi dch v SMS truyn thng trn GSM, tc ch t c t 610 bn tin / pht.

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CHNG 3: M HNH HA HA H THNG 3.1. Thit k mch iu khin 3.1.1 Modun sim 548C

Hnh 3.1: Module SIM548C

Module SIM548C c th hot ng 4 bng tn GSM 850/900/1800/1900MHz v cng h tr k thut GPS nh v v tr bng v tinh. Vi kch thc nh 50 x 33 x 8.8mm ,module ny c th s dng cho cc ng dng nh Smart phone,PDA phone,thit b nh v GPS cm tay hay in thoi. Chng ta c th giao tip vi module thng qua chun 60 chn dnh ring cho module SIM548C. Thng qua chun 60 chn ny,chng ta c th s dng module vi cc mc ch : Bn phm,bng nt nhn hay SPI LCD. Mt port giao tip ni tip dnh cho GSM v hai port ni tip dnh cho GPS gip cho vic thit k v pht trin ng dng mt cch d dng hn thng qua vic giao tip bng tp lnh AT. B sc cho pin. Cc ng vo ra dnh cho chc nng nghe,gi v x l m thanh. Cc ng vo ca b chuyn i AD.

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s dng c module SIM548,cn phi c cc thit b i km :

Hnh 3.2: Cc thit b i km module SIM548

A: Ngun cung cp. B: Anten GSM. C: Anten GPS. D: Cp kt ni anten vi module. E: Tai nghe. F: Cp giao tip ni tip. Modun SIM548C c hai phn mch c bn l GSM v GPS c t trn mt PCB v ch c mt u ni. Hnh di y cho thy s chc nng ca SIM 548C

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

Hnh 3.3: S chc nng

3.1.1.1 Phn cng ng dng GSM ca SIM548C

s dng v giao tip vi GSM ca SIM548C phi thng qua mt chun cm 60 chn . Bao gm cc ng dng ginh cho GSM :
Ngun cung cp v ngun sc pin Hai ng vo giao tip theo chun ni tip

Hai ng vo analog Ng vo ra dnh cho Simcard Bng m t 60 chn ca module SIM548C


Tn VBAT I/O M t C nm chn VBAT dng cung cp ngun hot ng cho BACKUP I/O module Ng vo ngun cho b thi gian thc ca module khi khng c ngun chnh. V cung cp mt dng ra dnh cho ngun d tr c tnh in Vmax= 4.5V Vmin=3.4V Vnorm=4.0V Vmax=2.0V Vmin=1.2V Vnorm=1.8V Inorm= 20uA

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khi c ngun chnh, tit kim CHG_IN I nng lng ca ngun d tr. Ngun cung cp cho b sc pin ca module. ng thi gip cho GND PWRKEY I module nhn ra b sc. Chn ni t dnh cho cc ng Vmax=5.25V Vmin=1.1 *VBAT Vnorm=5.1V

dng s. Ng vo dng m v tt ngun VILmax=0.3*VBAT chnh ca module. Chn ny c ni vi mt nt nhn. m v tt ngun ca module,phi nhn nt nhn gi chn ny mc thp trong mt khong thi gian ngn. Ng vo ca microphone 1. Ng vo ca microphone 2. Ng ra ca loa 1. Ng ra ca loa 2. Ng ra dnh cho ci bo. Chn ni t dnh cho cc ng dng tng t. Ng vo ra kim tra ng truyn d liu. Ng ra kim tra xung Clock. Ng ra kim tra d liu v a ch (c th c la chn bng phn mm). Ng ra cho php hin th. VILmin=0V VILmax=0.9 VIHmin=2.0 VIHmax= 3.2 VOLmin=GND VOLmax=0.2V VOHmin=2.7 VOHmax=2.9 VILmin=0V VILmax=0.9 VIHmin=2.0 VIHmax= 3.2 VOLmin=GND VOLmax=0.2V VOHmin=2.7 VIHmin=0.7*VBAT VImax=VBAT

MIC1P MIC1N MIC2P MIC2N SPK1P SPK1N SPK2P SPK2N BUZZER AGND DISP_D0 DISP_CLK DISP_A0

I I O O O

I/O O O

DISP_EN

KCOL0~KCOL4 KROW0~KROW4

I/O

Cc ng vo ra dnh cho phm bm,bng nt nhn.

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VOHmax=2.9 Cc ng vo ra vi mc ch chung. NETLIGHT O Ng ra cho bit trng thi hot STATUS O ng ca module GSM. Ng ra cho bit cc trng thi hot ng ca cc ng dng khc GPIO5 GPIO32 I/O c trong module. Ng vo ra dng chung cho cc mc ch khc. VILmin=0V VILmax=0.9 VIHmin=2.0 VIHmax= 3.2 VOLmin=GND VOLmax=0.2V VOHmin=2.7 VOHmax=2.9 Port ni tip 1 DTR RXD TXD RTS CTS RI DCD Port ni tip 2 DEBUG_TX DEBUG_RX I I O I O O O Ng vo cho bit giao tip sn sng. Ng vo nhn d liu, Ng ra truyn d liu. Ng vo yu cu gi d liu. Sn sng gi d liu. Ng ra cho bit trng thi hot ng. Ng ra cho bit d liu c gi i. O I Port dng sa li v giao tip bng tp lnh AT. Ngun cung cp cho Sim card C 2 loi ngun cung cp 1.8V v 2.85V.c la SIM_DATA SIM_CLOCK SIM_PRESENCE SIM_RESET I/O O I O Chn truyn nhn d liu vi SIM. Xung nhp cho SIM. Chn nhn bit c Sim card. Chn reset SIM. chn bi phn mm. VILmin=0V VILmax=0.3* VSIM VIHmin=0.7* VSIM VIHmax= VSIM +0.3 VOLmin=GND VOLmax=0.2V VOHmin= VSIM -0.2 VOHmax= VSIM ng dng ADC AUXADC1 I Ng v dnh cho mc ch chuyn i t dng tng t sang in p ng vo t 0-24V. VILmin=0V VILmax=0.9 VIHmin=2.0 VIHmax= 3.2 VOLmin=GND VOLmax=0.2V VOHmin=2.7 VOHmax=2.9

Cc chn dnh cho Sim card VSIM O

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TEMP_BAT I dng s. Ng vo cho bit nhit ca

pin. Bng 3.1: Chi tit 80 chn ca module SIM508

3.1.1.1.1 Bt ng dng GSM ca module SIM548C C ba cch cho php ng dng GSM hot ng. S dng chn PWMRKEY.
S dng chn VCHG

S dng ngt ca mt thi gian thc. S dng chn PWMRKEY bt ng dng GSM cho php ng GSM hot ng,yu cu phi gi chn PWMRKEY mc thp trong mt khong thi gian ngn

Hnh 3.4: Dng chn PWMRKEY bt ng dng GSM

Khi vic bt ng dng GSM hon tt. Module s gi tr li thng bo ng dng sn sng hot ng RDY. V chn STATUS s c ko ln mc cao v gi mc ny khi ng dng GSM hot ng
S dng chn VCHG bt ng dng GSM.

y l chn dnh cho b sc pin ca module SIM548C . Nu b sc c ni vi chn VCHG ca module khi ang trong ch POWER DOWM, th n s chuyn sang
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ch GHOST (ch sc pin). Trong ch ny module khng kt ni mng v ch cho php mt vi lnh AT lm vic. Khi s dng chn VCHG bt ng dng GSM, module s gi thng bo: RDY GHOST MODE +CFUN: 0 Trong ch GHOST, vic ko chn PWRKEY xung mc thp trong mt khong thi gian ngn ng dng GSM s c m v chuyn sang ch sc in,tt c chc nng ca ng dng GSM c m v cho php thc hin c tt c cc lnh AT. Lc ny module s gi tr thng bo: From GHOST MODE to NORMAL MODE S dng b thi gian thc RTC bt ng dng GSM (ch bo ng). ch bo ng, cho php ng dng GSM hot ng bng vic s dng b thi gian thc RTC. B thi gian thc s nh thc GSM ca module SIM548 khi ng dng ny ngng hot ng. Trong ch ny module s khng kt ni mng GSM v cc tp lnh dnh cho SIM card s khng thc hin c. C th s dng lnh AT+CALARM ci t thi gian bo ng. B thi gian thc s gi module trong thi gian bo ng nu ng dng GSM c tt bng lnh AT+CPOWD=1 hay chn PWRKEY. Module s chuyn sang ch bo ng. Lc ny module s gi thng bo: RDY ALARM MODE Ch bo ng s hot ng trong mt thi gian ti a 90s,lc ny module s t ng ngng hot ng. Tuy nhin,trong sut thi gian bo ng,nu lnh AT+CFUN=1 c gi n,vic module t ng tt s khng xy ra. Cng trong ch ny,vic ko chn PWRKEY xung mc thp trong mt khong thi gian ngn s lm ng dng GSM ngng hot ng ngay lp tc.

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Lnh AT AT+CALARM AT+CCLK

Tc dng t bo ng thi gian B d liu v thi gian ca RTC Tt in Bt u hoc ng cc ngn xp giao thc

AT+CPOWD AT+CFUN

Bng 3.2: Lnh AT c s dng trong ch bo th


3.1.1.1.2

Tt ng dng GSM ca module SIM548

Cc cch c s dng tt ng dng GSM ca module SIM508: S dng chn PWRKEY. S dng lnh AT. Module pht hin ngun cung cp yu.
Qu nhit.

S dng chn PWRKEY tt ng dng GSM. C th tt ng dng GSM bng vic ko chn PWRKEY xung mc thp trong mt khong thi gian ngn. Module s gi thng bo: NORMAL POWER DOWN Lc ny,tt c lnh AT s khng c hiu lc. Module chuyn sang ch POWER DOWN, v ch cn b thi gian thc RTC hot ng. Qu trnh ny cng c th c nhn bit thng qua chn STATUS,chn ny s b t ng xung mc thp trong ch ny.

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Hnh 3.4: Dng chn PWRKEY tt ng dng GSM.

S dng lnh AT tt ng dng GSM. C th s dng lnh AT+CPOWD=1 tt ng dng GSM. Module gi tr thng bo: NORMAL POWER DOWN Lc ny,tt c lnh AT s khng c hiu lc. Module chuyn sang ch POWER DOWN, v ch cn b thi gian thc RTC hot ng. Qu trnh ny cng c th c nhn bit thng qua chn STATUS,chn ny s b t ng xung mc thp trong ch ny. ng dng s t ng tt khi ngun cung cp yu. Phn mm s thng xuyn kim tra in p ngun cung cp trn chn VBAT,nu mc in p nh hn 3.5V,module s gi thng bo: POWER LOW WARNNING Nu mc in xung di 3.4V,module s gi thng bo: POWER LOW DOWN Lc ny module s t ng v ch POWER DOWN,ch cn b thi gian thc hot ng. Chn STATUS cng s v mc thp.
ng dng GSM s t ng tt nu qu nhit.

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Phn mm s lun kim tra nhit ca module. Nu nhit hin ti ca module ln bng hoc ln hn 80,module s gi thng bo: +CMTE:1 Nu nhit thp hn -30,module s gi thng bo: +CMTE:-1 Nu nhit trn 85,module s gi thng bo: +CMTE:2 Nu di -35: +CMTE:-2 Nu nhit nm ngoi khong -35 n 85,module s t ng tt. Lc ny module s t ng v ch POWER DOWN,ch cn b thi gian thc hot ng. Chn STATUS cng s v mc thp. C th kim tra nhit hin ti ca module bng cch s dng lnh AT+CMTE khi module ang hot ng.

3.1.1.1.3 Truyn thng ni tip giao tip v s dng ng dng GSM,module SIM548C cung cp chun giao tip ni tip. - By ng lin kt trn mt port giao tip. - Bao gm ng truyn d liu /RXD v /TXD,ng truyn trng thi /RTS v /CTS,ng truyn iu khin /DTR,/DCD v /RING.

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- Vi chun giao tip ny c th s dng cho CSD FAX,dch v GPRS v gi lnh AT.

Hnh 3.5 : Chun giao tip ni tip ca SIM548C

Tc baud ca giao tip ni tip: 300,1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400,

57600, 115200.
-

Module c th t ng la chn tc baud giao tip: 4800, 9600, 19200,

38400, 57600, 115200. Thuc tnh chn /RING ca module:


Trng thi module SIM508 Bnh thng ang thc hin cuc gi Trng thi ca chn RI Mc cao Mc thp,sau : (1) Chuyn v mc cao khi (2) cuc gi c thit lp. (3) Vn gi mc thp khi s dng lnh ATH. (4) vlka Chuyn xung v gi mc thp khong 100mS khi nhn c tin nhn,sau chuyn v li mc cao. Bng 3.3 : Trng thi chn RI

SMS

3.1.1.1.4 Kt ni vi SIM card C th s dng lnh AT ly thng tin t SIM card Module h tr c 2 loi SIM card 1.8V v 3.0V

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Hnh 3.6 : Kt ni SIM card 8 chn

Nu bn khng s dng chc nng pht hin th SIM, bn c th cho php chn SIM_PRESENCE, kt ni vi GND.

Hnh 3.7 : Kt ni SIM card 6 chn


Chn C1 Tn VSIM M t Ngun do module cung cp. Module SIM508 s t ng xc nh loi SIM cung cp ngun 33.0V10% hay 1.8V10%. Dng cung cp l 10mA. Chn reset SIM card. Chn xung clock SIM card. Chn ni t. Khng cn kt ni. Chn truyn nhn d liu.

C2 C3 C5 C6 C7

SIM_RESET SIM_CLOCK GND VPP SIM_DATA

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3.1.1.1.5 Trng thi ca chn STATUS Ta c th bit c tnh trng ca mng GSM thng qua chn STATUS.
Trng thi Off 64ms On/ 800ms Off 64ms On/ 3000ms Off 64ms On/ 300ms Mng GSM ng dng GSM ca SIM508 khng hot ng. ng dng GSM khng tm thy mng. ng dng GSM ang kt ni mng. ang giao tip GPRS.

Bng 3.4 : Trng thi chn STATUS

Ta s dng n led kt ni vi chn STATUS.

Hnh 3.8 : Kt ni vi chn NETLIGHT

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3.1.1.2

Phn cng ng dng GPS ca module SIM548C

Phn cng GPS ca SIM548C c thit k hot ng trn tn s L1 ( m C / A ), phn ny thu v x l ton b tn hiu , t u vo ng-ten n d liu u ra ni tip Cc bc x l l:

Hnh 3.9: L thuyt hot ng

Phn RF : Trong phn RF tn hiu GPS c pht hin bi ng-ten khuch i, lc v chuyn i sang mt tn s trung gian (IF). Thc hin chuyn i A / D chuyn i tn s trung gian tng t thnh mt tn hiu s IF. GPS Channel: Cc tn hiu s IF c truyn n phn baseband v c a vo correlators. Correlators c tc dng thu nhn v theo di cc tn hiu v ca v tinh . C 12 knh c s dng song song, ng thi tm kim chui m PRN GPS CORE : B x l iu hng tnh ton xc nh v tr, vn tc v thi gian. DATA OUT : Cc d liu ca GPS CORE c giao tip ni tip qua chun RS232

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Chi tit cc chn dng cho ng dng GPS.


Tn GPS_VCC I/O I M t C chn dng cung cp ngun cho ng dng GPS. Ngun d tr cho b thi gian thc v SRAM. Khng kt ni nu khng s dng. Ngun ngoi dng cho anten GPS. Ng vo ny dng la chn ngun hot ng cho anten GPS loi 5V hay 3V. Chn ny c th kt ni trc tip vi GPS_VCC_RF. Ngun cung cp cho anten GPS loi 3V. c tnh in Vmax= 5.0V Vmin=3V Vnorm=3.3V Vmax= 3.3V Vmin=2.7V Vnorm=3.0V Imax=25mA Vmax=5V Vmin=2.85V Vmax=2.9V Vmin=2.8V Vnorm=2.85V Imax=25mA

GPS_VRTC

GPS_VANT

GPS_VCC_RF

Giao tip ni tip GPS_TXA GPS_RXA GPS_TXB GPS_RXB GPS_M-RST

O Chn truyn d liu ca portA. I Chn nhn d liu ca portA. O Chn truyn d liu ca portB. I Chn nhn d liu ca portB. I Chn reset ng dng GPS. Bng 3.5 : Cc chn dnh cho ng dng GPS

3.1.1.2.1

Bt ng dng GPS

cho ng dng GPS hot ng, ngun cung cp ti chn GPS_VCC phi ln hn 2.3V,v gi mc ny trong khong t nht 220ms.

Hnh 3.10 : Bt ng dng GPS

3.1.1.2.2 Mch kt ni cho chn VRTC

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B thi gian thc RTC l rt quan trng cho ng dng GPS v ngun SRAM cng ly t chn VRTC.

Hnh 3.11 : Kt ni vi chn VRTC

3.1.1.2.3 Mch kt ni cho chn RESET C mt IC trong module SIM548C dng cho vic reset ng dng GPS. Nu in p ng vo ca IC nh hn 2.3V,th chn reset s gi mc thp,sau nu ng vo mc ln hn 2.3V th IC s to ra mt tn hiu reset trong khong 220ms. Sau chn reset s ln mc cao. Mun reset ng dng GPS,th chn GPS_M-RST nn gi mc thp t nht 10ms.

Hnh 3.12 : Kt ni vi chn RESET

3.1.1.2.4 Chun giao tip ni tip ca ng dng GPS. Module SIM508 h tr hai port giao tip cho ng dng GPS (portA v portB). PortA:
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- Hai chn truyn nhn d liu : GPS_RXA v GPS_TXA. - H tr tc baud t 1200 n 115200 bps. - Giao thc giao tip: Mc nh l SiRF,57600 bps. PortB: - Hai chn truyn nhn d liu : GPS_RXB v GPS_TXB. - H tr tc baud t 1200-15200 bps. - Chun giao thc truyn d liu : NMEA,4800 bps. - nh dng d liu u ra: GGA,GSA,GSV,RMC,VTG. - Tn s cp nht ; 1Hz

3.1.1.3
3.1.1.3.1

ng dng GSM ca module SIM548C


Gii thiu v ng dng GSM

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) l h thng thng tin di ng ton cu. GSM l chun giao tip ph bin nht cho in thoi di ng nh kh nng ph sng rng khp th gii.GSM khc vi cc chun giao tip trc v cht lng tn hiu,tc v tin ch tin nhn. N c xem l mt h thng di ng th hai (second generation, 2G) . GSM l mt chun m,hin ti n c pht trin bi 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

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Hnh 3.13 : Mng GSM

3.1.1.3.2 S dng ng dng GSM cho dch v gi tin nhn v cuc gi. S dng tp lnh AT dnh cho GSM ca module SIM548C trong cc thao tc dng cho dch v SMS (Short Message Service) v cuc gi, bao gm: - Khi to - Nhn cuc gi. - Thit lp cuc gi. - Nhn tin nhn.
- Gi tin nhn.

A. Cc thut ng. <CR> : Carriage return (0x0D). <LF> : Line Feed (0x0A). MT : Mobile Terminal . Thit b u cui mng (trong trng hp ny l module sim508).
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TE : Terminal Equipment. Thit b u cui (my tinh, h vi iu khin). B. Khi to cho ng dng GSM: a module v ch ngh (sleep mode)

Hnh 3.14 : Chuyn t ch bnh thng sang ch ngh (sleep mode).


-

AT+CFUN=0<CR> : Tt ht mi chc nng lin quan n truyn nhn sng RF v cc chc nng lin quan n SIM. module khng cn c kt ni vi mng.

<CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> : Chui thng bo kt qu thc thi lnh thnh cng, thng thng l sau 3 giy k t lc nhn lnh AT+CFUN=0.

Chuyn trng thi chn DTR t mc 0 sang mc 1: Module hot ng ch sleep mode. Chuyn t ch ngh sang ch hot ng bnh thng.

Hnh 3.15 : a module tr v trng thi hot ng.


- a chn DRT chuyn t mc 1 xung mc 0 :Module thot khi ch sleep. - AT+CFUN=1<CR> : a module tr v ch hot ng bnh thng.

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- MT tr v chui <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>. - Module gi tip chui thng bo <CR><LF>Call Ready<CR><LF>. Thi gian k t lc nhn lnh AT+CFUN=1<CR> n lc module gi v thng bo trn khong 10 giy. Khi to cu hnh mc nh cho modem.

Hnh 3.16 : Khi to cu hnh mc nh cho module SIM548C

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- (1) ATZ<CR> : Reset modem, kim tra modem d hot ng bnh thng cha. Gi nhiu ln cho chc n, cho n khi nhn c chui: ATZ <CR> <CR> <LF> OK <CR> <LF>. - (2)ATE0<CR>: Tt ch echo lnh. Chui tr v c dng: ATE0 <CR> <CR> <LF> OK <CR><LF>. - (3) AT+CLIP=1<CR> :nh dng chui tr v khi nhn cuc gi. Thng thng, ch mc nh, khi c cuc gi n, chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>RING<CR><LF> Sau khi lnh AT+CLIP=1<CR> c thc thi, chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>RING<CR><LF> <CR><LF>+CLIP: "0929047589",129,"",,"",0<CR><LF> Chui tr v c cha thng tin v s in thoi gi n. Thng tin ny cho php xc nh vic c nn nhn cuc gi hay t chi cuc gi. Kt thc cc thao tc khi to cho qu trnh nhn cuc gi. Cc bc khi to tip theo lin quan n cc thao tc truyn nhn tin nhn. - (4) AT&W<CR> : Lu cu hnh ci t c thit lp bi cc lnh ATE0 v AT+CLIP vo b nh. - (5) AT+CMGF=1<CR> : Thit lp qu trnh truyn nhn tin nhn c thc hin ch text (mc nh l ch PDU). Chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> -(6) AT+CNMI=2,1,0,0,0<CR> : Thit lp ch thng bo cho TE khi MT nhn c tin nhn mi. Chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Sau khi lnh trn c thit lp, tin nhn mi nhn c s c lu trong SIM, v MT gi thng bo khi c tin nhn mi. TE c th c tin nhn c lu trong SIM. -(7) AT+CSAS<CR> : Lu cu hnh ci t c thit lp bi cc lnh AT+CMGF v AT+CNMI.
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Xa tin nhn trc khi hot ng :

Hnh 3.17 : Khi to module SIM508.

(1) AT+CMGD=1 : Xa tin nhn vng nh 1 trong SIM. Chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> (2) AT+CMGD=2 : Tc dng tng t nh lnh s 1. Lnh ny c dng xa tin nhn c lu trong ngn s 2. C th hnh dung b nh lu tin nhn trong SIM bao gm nhiu ngn (loi Super SIM ca Mobi phone c 50 ngn), mi ngn cho php lu ni dung ca 1 tin nhn (bao gm tt c cc loi tin nhn: tin nhn t tng i, tin nhn thng bo kt qu qu trnh gi tin nhn trc , tin nhn t thu bao khc, ). Mi ngn c i din bng mt s th t.

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Khi nhn c tin nhn mi, ni dung tin nhn s c lu trong mt ngn trng c s th t nh nht c th. Vic xa ni dung tin nhn hai ngn 1 v 2 cho php tin nhn nhn c lun c lu vo trong hai nh ny, gip d dng xc nh v tr lu tin nhn va nhn c, v gip cho vic thao tc vi tin nhn mi nhn c tr nn d dng v n gin hn, gim kh nng vic tin nhn mi nhn c b tht lc mt vng nh no m ta khng kim sot c.

C. Nhn cuc gi

Hnh 3.18 : Nhn cuc gi

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-

(1) Sau khi c khi to bng lnh AT+CLIP=1, khi c cuc gi n, chui tr

v s c dng: <CR><LF>RING<CR><LF> <CR><LF>+CLIP: "0929047589",129,"",,"",0<CR><LF> Chui tr v c hin th s in thoi yu cu c kt ni, da trn thng tin

ny c th ra quyt nh nhn cuc gi hay t chi cuc gi.


-

(2A) Nu s in thoi gi n khng hp l, t chi nhn cuc gi bng lnh

ATH, v chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Cuc gi kt thc.


-

(2B) Nu s in thoi gi n l hp l, nhn cuc gi bng cch gi lnh ATA,

v chuitr v s c dng: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> (3) Giai on thng thoi. (4A) Kt thc cuc gi. u cn li gc my trc. (4B) Kt thc cuc gi, ch ng gc my bng cch gi lnh ATH.

D. Thit lp cuc gi

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Hnh 3.19 :Thc hin cuc gi.


- (1) ATDxxxxxxxxxx;<CR> : Quay s cn gi.

Chui tr v c dng: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>. Chui ny thng bo lnh trn c nhn v ang c thc thi. Sau l nhng chui thng bo kt qu qu trnh kt ni (nu nh kt ni khng c thc hin thnh cng).
-

(2A) Nu MT khng thc hin c kt ni do sng yu, hoc khng c

sng,chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>NO DIAL TONE<CR><LF> (2B) Nu cuc gi b t chi bi ngi nhn cuc gi, hoc s my ang gi tm

thi khng hot ng (chng hn nh b tt my) chui tr v c dng: - <CR><LF>NO CARRIER<CR><LF>

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(2C) Nu cuc gi khng th thit lp c do my nhn cuc gi ang bn (v

d nh ang thng thoi vi mt thu bao khc), chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>BUSY<CR><LF> (4s) Tng thi gian t lc modem nhn lnh cho n lc nhn c chui trn thng thng l 4 giy.
-

(2D) Nu sau 1 pht m thu bao nhn cuc gi khng bt my, chui tr v s

c dng: <CR><LF>NO ANSWER<CR><LF> (60s) (3) Trong trng hp qu trnh thit lp cuc gi din ra bnh thng, khng c

chui thng bo no (2A, 2B, 2C hay 2D) c tr v, v chuyn sang giai on thng thoi. Qu trnh kt thc cuc gi c din ra trong hai trng hp: -

(4A) u nhn cuc gi gc my trc.Chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>NO CARRIER<CR><LF> (4B) u thit lp cuc gi gc my trc.Phi tin hnh gi lnh ATH, v chui

tr v s c dng : <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF E. c tin nhn

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Hnh 3.20: c tin nhn t 2 vng nh 1 v 2 trn SIM.

Mi thao tc lin quan n qu trnh nhn tin nhn u c thc hin trn 2 ngn 1 v 2 ca b nh nm trong SIM.
-

(1) c tin nhn trong ngn 1 bng lnh AT+CMGR=1. (2A) Nu ngn 1 khng cha tin nhn, ch c chui sau c tr v:

<CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>
-

(2B) Nu ngn 1 c cha tin nhn, ni dung tin nhn s c gi tr v TE vi

nh dng nh sau: <CR><LF>+CMGR: "REC UNREAD","+84929047589",,"07/05/15,09:32:05+28" <CR><LF>NI DUNG<CR><LF> <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>

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Cc tham s trong chui tr v bao gm trng thi ca tin nhn (REC UNREAD), s in thoi gi tin nhn (+84929047589) v thi gian gi tin nhn (07/05/15,09:32:05+28) v ni dung tin nhn. y l nh dng mc nh ca module SIM508 lc khi ng. dng m rng c th c thit lp bng cch s dng lnh AT+CSDH=1 trc khi thc hin c tin nhn.
-

(3) Sau khi c, tin nhn c xa i bng lnh AT+CMGD= 1. Thao tc tng

t i vi tin nhn cha trong ngn th 2 trong cc bc 4, 5A (5B) v 6.


D. Gi tin nhn

Hnh 3.21 : Gi tin nhn.

(1) Gi tin nhn n thu bao bng cch s dng lnh AT+CMGS=s in thoi. (2) Nu lnh (1) c thc hin thnh cng, chui tr v s c dng: <CR><LF>> (k t > v 1 khong trng). (3) Gi ni dung tin nhn v kt thc bng k t c m ASCII 0x1A. (3A) Gi k t ESC (m ASCII l 27) nu khng mun tip tc gi tin nhn na. Khi : TE s gi tr v chui <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>.

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(4) Chui tr v thng bo kt qu qu trnh gi tin nhn. Chui tr v c nh dng nh sau: <CR><LF>+CMGS: 62<CR><LF> <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Trong 62 l mt s tham chiu cho tin nhn c gi. Sau mi tin nhn c gi i, gi tr ca s tham chiu ny s tng ln 1 n v. S tham chiu ny c gi tr nm trong khong t 0 n 255. Thi gian gi mt tin nhn vo khong 3-4 giy (kim tra vi mng Mobi phone). (4A) Nu tnh trng sng khng cho php thc hin vic gi tin nhn hoc chc nng RF ca modem khng c cho php hot ng (do s dng cc lnh AT+CFUN=0 hoc AT+CFUN=4), hoc s tin nhn trong hng i pha tng i vt qua gii hn cho php, hoc b nh cha tin nhn ca MT nhn c tin nhn b trn, MT s gi thng bo li tr v v c nh dng nh sau: <CR><LF>+CMS ERROR: 193<CR><LF> <CR><LF>+CMS ERROR: 515<CR><LF> Chc nng truyn nhn tin nhn v chc nng thoi c tch bit. Khi ang thng thoi vn c th truyn nhn c tin nhn. Khi truyn nhn tin nhn vn c th tin hnh thit lp v kt thc cuc gi.

3.1.1.3.3 Mt s tp lnh AT c bn s dng cho ng dng GSM


A. Cc thut ng. <CR> : Carriage return (0x0D). <LF> : Line Feed (0x0A). MT : Mobile Terminal . Thit b u cui mng (trong trng hp ny l SIM548C). TE : Terminal Equipment. Thit b u cui (my tinh, h vi iu khin).

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B. Cc lnh thit lp v ci t cho cuc gi.


ATA ATD ATD><mem><n> ATD<str> ATDL ATH ATI ATL ATO ATT ATZ AT&F AT&V +++ Tr li mt cuc gi n. i trc mt s in thoi thc hin cuc gi. Thc hin cuc gi n s in thoi lu trong b nh. Thc hin cuc gi n s lu v c tn <str>. Gi s va gi gn nht. Ngt kt ni ang thc hin. Hin th thng tin v module SIM508. Ci t ln ca loa. Chuyn t ch nhn lnh sang ch nhn d liu. La chn kiu chung. Thc hin lnh ny trc khi ci t li cc thng s ca module. Thit lp cc thng s ci t l cc thng s mc nh. Hin th cu hnh ci t cho module. Chuyn t ch d liu v kt ni mng GPRS v ch lnh. Bng 3.6 : Cc lnh thit lp v ci t cuc gi

Chi tit v tp lnh thit lp v ci t cho cuc gi:


ATA Lnh nhc my khi c cuc gi n MT gi tr <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> khi kt ni thnh cng. MT gi tr <CR><LF>NO CARRIER <CR><LF> khi kt ni khng thnh cng. Lnh thc hin ci t dch v cuc gi. Lnh ny c th hy b bng vic nhn 1 lnh ATH hoc 1 k t khi lnh ang thc thi. Nu cuc gi c kt ni v ci t hon tt. MT gi tr: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Nu khng chung. MT gi tr: <CR><LF>NO DIALTONE<CR><LF> S my ang bn: <CR><LF>BUSY<CR><LF> Khng kt ni hoc b t chi : <CR><LF>NO CARRIER<CR><LF>

ATD[<n>][<msgm>][;]

Cc tham s: <n>: s in thoi <msgm>: I Kch hot CLIR (Khng hin th s ngi ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3 76

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni gi) i Hy ch CLIR(Hin th s ngi gi) G Kch hot ch gi ni b(ch dnh ring cho cuc gi ny) g Hy ch gi ni b. <;>: Kt thc v thc hin ci t cuc gi Lnh thc hin quay s c trong danh b ring bit. Lnh ny c th hy b bng vic nhn 1 lnh ATH hoc 1 k t khi lnh ang thc thi. Module b li. MT gi tr: +CME ERROR:<err> Nu khng chung. MT gi tr: <CR><LF>NO DIALTONE<CR><LF> S my ang bn: <CR><LF>BUSY<CR><LF> Khng kt ni hoc b t chi : <CR><LF>NO CARRIER<CR><LF> Kt ni thnh cng v cuc gi c thc hin: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Cc tham s: <mem>

ATD<mem><n>[<I>][<G>][;]

danh b DC danh sch cc s gi. FD danh b trong sim. LD danh sch cc s gi trong sim. MC danh sch cc cuc gi nh. ME tt c cc s c trong danh b.

<n>:

Mt s nguyn l v tr b nh c th s dng.

<msgm>:

I Kch hot CLIR (Khng hin th s ngi gi) i Hy ch CLIR(Hin th s ngi gi) G Kch hot ch gi ni b(ch dnh ring cho cuc gi ny) g Hy ch gi ni b.

ATD><n>[<I>][<G>][;]

<;>: Kt thc v thc hin cuc gi Thc hin cuc gi t dnh b. Lnh thc hin quay s c trong danh b ring bit. Lnh ny c th hy b bng vic nhn 1 lnh ATH hoc 1 k t khi lnh ang thc thi. Module b li. MT gi tr:

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni +CME ERROR:<err> Nu khng chung. MT gi tr: <CR><LF>NO DIALTONE<CR><LF> S my ang bn: <CR><LF>BUSY<CR><LF> Khng kt ni hoc b t chi : <CR><LF>NO CARRIER<CR><LF> Kt ni thnh cng v cuc gi c thc hin: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Cc tham s: <n>: Mt s nguyn l v tr b nh c th s dng. <msgm>: I Kch hot CLIR (Khng hin th s ngi gi) i Hy ch CLIR(Hin th s ngi gi) G Kch hot ch gi ni b(ch dnh ring cho cuc gi ny) g Hy ch gi ni b.

ATD><str>[<I>][<G>][;]

<;>: Kt thc v thc hin cuc gi Lnh thc hin cuc gi n s lu trong danh b c tn <str>. Lnh ny c th hy b bng vic nhn 1 lnh ATH hoc 1 k t khi lnh ang thc thi. Module b li. MT gi tr: +CME ERROR:<err> Nu khng chung. MT gi tr: <CR><LF>NO DIALTONE<CR><LF> S my ang bn: <CR><LF>BUSY<CR><LF> Khng kt ni hoc b t chi : <CR><LF>NO CARRIER<CR><LF> Kt ni thnh cng v cuc gi c thc hin: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Cc tham s: <str>: Chui k t abc123 lu torng dnh b . <msgm>: I Kch hot CLIR (Khng hin th s ngi gi). i Hy ch CLIR(Hin th s ngi gi) G Kch hot ch gi ni b(ch dnh ring cho cuc gi ny). 78

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni g Hy ch gi ni b. <;>: Kt thc v thc hin cuc gi. Thc hin cuc gi n s va gi gn nht. Lnh ny c th hy b bng vic nhn 1 lnh ATH hoc 1 k t khi lnh ang thc thi. Module b li. MT gi tr: +CME ERROR:<err> Nu khng chung. MT gi tr: <CR><LF>NO DIALTONE<CR><LF> S my ang bn: <CR><LF>BUSY<CR><LF> Khng kt ni hoc b t chi : <CR><LF>NO CARRIER<CR><LF> Kt ni thnh cng v cuc gi c thc hin: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Lnh ngt kt ni ang thc hin. Lnh c thc hin. MT gi tr: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> ATI Lnh yu cu hin thng tin ca module. V d: SIMCOM_ltd. SIMCOM_SIM548Z. Lnh ci t ln ca loa. Lnh thc hin thnh cng.MT gi tr: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Tham s: [value]: C bn mc 0,1,2,3. ATM[value] Lnh ci t cc ch cho loa. Lnh thc hin thnh cng. MT gi tr: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Tham s: [value]: 0 Tt loa. 2 M loa khi nhc my. Lnh ny ch c hiu lc khi module ang kt ni mng GPRS. Lnh ny thc hin hy b kt ni v tr v ch nhn lnh. Lnh thc hin thnh cng. MT gi tr: ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3 79

ATDL

ATH0

ATL[value]

+++

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Thc hin chuyn t ch nhn lnh tr v ch nhn d liu v kt ni mng gi lnh ATO. Lnh thc hin chuyn module t ch nhn lnh sang ch nhn d liu. Lnh thc hin khng thnh cng. MT gi tr: <CR><LF> NO CARRIER <CR><LF> Lnh thc hin thnh cng. MT gi tr: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Tham s: [n] liu.

ATO[n]

chuyn t nhn lnh sang nhn d

Bng 3.7 : Chi tit cc lnh thit lp v ci t cuc gi.

C. Cc lnh thit lp v ci t cho tin nhn sms.


AT+CMGD AT+CMGF AT+CMGL AT+CMGR AT+CMGS AT+CMGW AT+CMSS AT+CMGC AT+CNMI AT+CPMS AT+CRES AT+CSAS AT+CSCA AT+CSMP AT+CSMS Xa tin nhn sms. nh dng vn bn tin nhn. Danh sch tin nhn lu. Lnh c tin nhn. Lnh gi tin nhn. Lu tin nhn vo b nh. Gi tin nhn lu. Gi sms lnh. MT gi thng bo khi c tin nhn mi. Cc tin nhn ring bit c lu. Ci t li tin nhn. Lu cc ci t cho tin nhn. a ch dch vu tin nhn. Ci t nh dng ch ca tin nhn. La chn tin nhn dch v.

Bng 3.8 : Cc lnh thit lp v ci t cho tin nhn SMS ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3 80

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

Chi tit m t cc lnh dnh cho tin nhn sms :


AT+CMGD=<index> Lnh xa tin nhn sms lu tron b nh.

Lnh thc hin thnh cng.MT gi tr: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Nu lnh khng thc hin c.MT gi tr: +CMS ERROR <err>

Tham s: <index> <err> AT+CMGF=[<mode>] V tr ca tin nhn lu trong b nh. Cho bit li.

Lnh ci t nh dng ca tin nhn gi v nhn.

Lnh thc hin thnh cng.MT gi tr: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>

Tham s:

[<mode>]

0 1

Dng PDU Dng vn bn

AT+CMGL=[<stat>]

Danh sch tin nhn lu.

Tham s:

+ Nu tin nhn l dng vn bn: [<stat>] _REC UNREAD RED READ STO UNSEND STO SEND ALL tin nhn cha c. tin nhn c. tin nhn cha gi c. tin nhn gi. tt c tin nhn

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+ Nu tin nhn l dng PDU: [<stat>] 0 1 2 3 4 tin nhn cha c. tin nhn c. tin nhn cha gi. tin nhn gi. tt c tin nhn

Nu lnh thc hin thnh cng,MT gi tr chui c nh dng nh sau : + Nu tin nhn l dng vn bn (+CMGF=1) :

+CMGL: [<index>,[<stat>],[<oa/da>],[<alpha>],[<scts>] [,<tooa/toda>,<length>] <CR><LF>[<data>]<CR><LF> <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>

+ Nu tin nhn l dng PDU (+CMGF=0) :

+CMGL:<index>,<stat>,[<alpha>],<length><CR><LF> <pdu><CR><LF> <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>

Nu lnh thc hin khng thnh cng,MT gi tr: +CMS ERROR: <err>

AT+CMGR=<index>[, <mode>]

Lnh c tin nhn sms.

Tham s:

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni <index> <mode> Mt s nguyn l v tr ca lu tin nhn. 0 Ch mc nh. 1 Khng thay i trng thi ca tin nhn. V d : Tin nhn s khng chuyn t 'received unread sang 'received read khi c c.

Lnh thc hin thnh cng,MT gi tr li chui c dng:

+ Nu tin nhn l dng vn bn (+CMGF=1) +CMGR:<stat>,<sn>,<mid>,<dcs>,<page>,<pages> <CR><LF><data> <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>

+ Nu tin nhn l dng PDU (+CMGF=0) +CMGR: <stat>,[<alpha>],<length><CR><LF><pdu> <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>

Lnh thc hin khng thnh cng,MT gi tr: +CMS ERROR: <err>

Tham s:

<stat>

0 "REC UNREAD" tin nhn cha c c. 1 "REC READ" tin nhn c. 2 "STO UNSENT" tin nhn cha gi c. 3 "STO SENT" tin nhn gi. 4 "ALL" tt c tin nhn. di ca tin nhn (s k t).

<length>

<data> Ni dung tin nhn.

AT+CMGS=<da>[,<to da>]

Lnh gi tin nhn dng vn bn. Gi <ESC> cho module hy b vic gi tin nhn khi lnh

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni <CR>ni dung tin nhn <ctr-Z/ESC> Tham s: <da> s in thoi gi tin nhn ang thc thi.

Nu lnh c thc hin thnh cng v tin nhn c gi i,MT gi tr: CR><LF>+CMGS: <mr><<CR><LF> <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>

Nu lnh khng thc hin c,MT gi tr: <CR><LF>+CMS ERROR: <err><CR><LF>

Tham s: <mr> Mt s nguyn l v tr lu tin nhn vo b nh. AT+CMGW=[<oa/da>[ Lnh lu tin nhn vo b nh. ,<tooa/ toda>[,<stat>]]] Gi <ESC> cho module hy b vic lu tin nhn khi lnh <CR> Ni dung tin ang thc thi. nhn <ctrl-Z/ESC> <ESC> Lnh thc hin thnh cng,tin nhn c lu vo b nh.MT gi tr: CR><LF>+CMGW: <index><<CR><LF> <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Nu c li xy ra,MT gi tr: +CMS ERROR: <err>

Tham s: <index> V tr lu tin nhn.

AT+CMSS=<index>[,< Lnh gi tin nhn t b nh lu tin nhn da> [,<toda>]] Lnh thc hin thnh cng,MT gi tr:

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni CR><LF>+CMGS: <mr> [,<scts>]CR><LF> <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Lnh thc hin khng thnh cng: < CR><LF>+CMS ERROR: <err> <CR><LF>

Tham s: <mr> V tr lu tin nhn trong b nh.

AT+CNMI=[<mode>[, Lnh ny ci t cho module module thng bo khi nhn <mt> [,<bm> c tin nhn mi. [,<ds>[,<bfr>]]]]] Lnh thc hin thnh cng,MT gi tr: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Lnh thc hin khng thnh cng: <CR><LF>+CMS ERROR: <err> <CR><LF>

Tham s: <mt> 0
1

Khng gi thng bo khi c tin nhn mi. Gi thng bo vi nh dng: +CMTI: <mem>,<index> Gi thng bo c nh dng: +CMT: <oa>, [<alpha>],<scts> [,<tooa>,<fo>,<pid>,<dcs>,<sca>,<tosca>,<lengt h>]<CR><LF><data>.

Bng 3.9 : Chi tit cc lnh thit lp v ci t tin nhn SMS D. Cc lnh c bit dnh cho SIM548C. AT+CPOWD AT+CMIC AT +UART AT+CALARM Tt ngun cung cp cho module. Thay i ln ca microphone. Cu hnh cho truyn thng ni tip. Ci t hn gi.

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni AT+CADC AT+ECHO AT+CSMINS AT+CMTE AT+CMGDA c ADC. Ci t ting vng cho cuc gi. Cho bit sim gn vo hay cha. c nhit hin ti ca module. Xa tt c cc tin nhn. Bng 3.10 : Cc lnh c bit dnh cho SIM548C
Chi tit v cc lnh c bit dnh cho SIM548C :

AT+CPOWD = <n>

Lnh ngt ngun cung cp cho module hot ng.

Tham s : <n> 0 1 AT+UART=<uart>[,<baud>] Ngt ngun khn cp. Ngt ngun bnh thng.

Lnh cu hnh cho truyn thng ni tip.

Lnh c thc hin thnh cng,MT gi tr : <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>

Tham s: <uart > 1 2 3 <baud> AT+CALARM=<state>, <time> ,<repeat>,<power> s dng line 1 s dng line 2 (gprs) s dng line 3

9600,19200,28800,38400,57600,115200

Lnh ci t bo thc.

Lnh c thc hin thnh cng,MT gi tr : <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>

Tham s: <state> 0 Tt bo thc.

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni 1 Bt bo thc. < time > < repeat > Thi gian bo thc yy/MM/dd,hh:mm:ss+zz 0 Khng lp li. 1 Lp li hng ngy. 2 Tun 3 Thng <power> 0 1 Thng bo bnh Ch gi ALARM RING thng.

Tt ngun bo thc. Gi ALARM RING v ngng bo thc sau 5s. Bt ngun bo thc. Gi ALARM MODE v tr v ch bo thc.

AT+ CADC?

Lnh c ADC.

Lnh thc hin thnh cng,MT gi tr: + CADC: < status>,<value> <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>

Tham s: <status> 1 c thnh cng. 0 Li khi c ADC. <value> AT+CSMINS? S nguyn t 0-2400.

Lnh cho bit sim c gn vo sim hay cha.

Lnh thc hin thnh cng,MT gi tr: <CR><LF>+CSMINS:<n>,<SIM inserted> <CR><LF>

Tham s: <n> 0 Khng cho php gn sim. 1 Cho php. ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3 87

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni <SIM inserted> 0 Sim cha c gn vo . 1 Sim c gn.

AT+CMGDA=<type>

Xa tt c cc tin nhn.

Lnh thc hin thnh cng,MT gi tr: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF> Lnh thc hin khng thnh cng: <CR><LF> +CMS ERROR: NUM<CR><LF>

Tham s: <type> DEL READ xa cc tin nhn c.

DEL UNREAD xa tin nhn cha c. DEL SENT xa cc tin nhn gi.

DEL UNSENT xa cc tin nhn cha gi. DEL INBOX xa cc tin nhn nhn c. DEL ALL xa tt c cc tin nhn.

Bng 3.11 : Chi tit cc lnh c bit dnh cho SIM548C

E. Cc thng bo li. Thng bo li c dng: +CME ERROR: <err>


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Mt s li thng gp:
<err> 0 1 3 4 10 13 14 15 16 20 22 23 24 30 32 100 107 744 746 770 772 ngha Module b li,khng th kt ni vi mng. Khng kt ni mng. Module khng cho php kt ni mng. Module khng h tr kt ni. Cha gn sim. Sim khng hot ng. Sim bn. Sim b li. Nhp mt m sai. B nh y. Khng tm thy. B nh b li. Chui qu di. Khng c mng. Mng khng kt ni c. Ch thc hin c cc cuc gi khn cp. Khng nhn ra. Dch v GPRS khng c kt ni. Sim y. Khng nhn c dch v mng. Khng c tn hiu sim. Khng c ngun cho sim. Bng 3.12 : Cc thng bo li CME

Thng bo li c dng: +CMS ERROR: <err>

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni <err> 300 302 303 310 313 314 315 320 331 512 513 ngha Module b li. Module khng hot ng. Khng c h tr. Cha gn sim. Sim b li. Sim bn. Sim gn sai. B nh b li,khng hot ng. Khng c mng. Sim cha sn sng. Khng nhn ra sim. Bng 3.13 : Cc thng bo li CMS

3.1.1.4 ng dng GPS ca module SIM548C


3.1.1.4.1

GPS H thng nh v ton cu

GPS (Global Positioning System) l h thng xc nh v tr da trn v tr ca cc v tinh nhn to. Trong cng mt thi im, mt v tr trn mt t nu xc nh c khong cch n ti thiu ba v tinh th s tnh c c ta ca v tr . GPS l h thng nh v ton cu ca M da trn mt mng li 24 qu v tinh c B Quc phng Hoa K t trn qu o khng gian.

Hnh 3.22 : V tinh GPS

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Cc v tinh bay vng quanh tri t hai ln trong mt ngy theo mt qu o chnh xc v pht tn hiu thng tin xung Tri t. Cc my thu GPS nhn c thng tin t cc v tinh v bng php tnh lng gic tnh c v tr ca my thu. V bn ch my thu GPS so snh thi gian tn hiu c pht i t v tinh vi thi gian nhn c chng. Sai lch v thi gian cho bit my thu GPS cch v tinh bao xa.My thu phi nhn c tn hiu ca t nht ba v tinh tnh ra v tr hai chiu (kinh v v ) v theo di c chuyn ng. Khi nhn c tn hiu ca t nht 4 v tinh th my thu c th tnh c v tr ba chiu (kinh ,v v cao). Mt khi v tr ca ngi dng c tnh th my thu GPS c th tnh cc thng tin khc nh tc ,hng chuyn ng,hnh trnh,qung cch ti im n,thi gian.. Cc v tinh GPS pht hai tn hiu v tuyn cng sut thp di L1 v L2. (di L l phn sng cc ngn ca ph in t tri rng t 0,39 ti 1,55 GHz). GPS dn s dng tn s L1 1575.42 MHz trong di UHF. Tn hiu truyn trc th, c ngha l chng s xuyn qua my, thy tinh v nha nhng khng qua phn ln cc i tng cng nh ni v nh. V chnh xc ca h thng GPS,cc my thu GPS ngy nay c th nh v v tr chnh xc nh vo thit k nhiu knh hot ng song song. Nh cc knh song song ny cho php my thu duy tr kt ni bn vng,thm ch trong tn l rm rp hay thnh ph vi cc ta nh cao tng. Trng thi ca kh quyn v c ngun gy sai s c th nh hng ti chnh xc ca my thu GPS. Cc my thu GPS c chnh xc trung bnh 15 mt. Tuy nhin vi cc my thu mi hn vi kh nng WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System) c th tng chnh xc ti 3 mt,k thut DGPS (Differential GPS GPS sai phn) cho php nh v cc i tng chuyn ng vi chnh xc 1m v k thut RTK GPS (Real Time Kinematic GPS GPS o ng thi gian thc) nh v cc i tng chuyn ng vi chnh xc cao (c vi centimet). 3.1.1.4.2 K thut DGPS Ngoi k thut nh v GPS thng thng c chnh xc nh nht 5 mt, module SIM548C cn h tr k thut DGPS (Differential GPS GPS sai phn) c chnh xc nh nht 1m.

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Phng php DGPS l phng php nh v ng tuyt i thi gian thc dng t nht hai my thu GPS, mi my thu GPS c kt ni vi mt b thu pht tn hiu bng sng v tuyn thng gi l Radio link. Mt my thu GPS c nh t ti mc ta gc c kt ni vi 1 my pht v tuyn v my thu di ng c kt ni vi my thu v tuyn t trn cc phng tin ang di chuyn. Gia my thu GPS v my v tuyn trao i nhau bng cc thng ip dng s (Digital) cha cc thng tin v s hiu chnh khong cch gi theo chun RTCM SC-104. Loi thng ip ny do y ban k thut v tuyn hng hi quc t (Radio Technical Commission for Marine Service) nh ngha v xut. C ch hot ng ca phng php c th tm tt nh sau: * Ti trm tnh (Base): Ta gc bit trc theo h WGS84 c nhp vo my thu c nh. Khi hot ng my thu ny s thc hin ng thi vic o khong cch gi v tnh ton khong cch tht n tng v tinh. Sau tnh ra s hiu chnh khong cch S n tng v tinh tham chiu theo thng ip chun RTCM SC-104. Thng ip ny c truyn sang my pht v tuyn. Ti y thng ip c iu bin trn ln vo sng mang loi HF, hay UHF v pht vo khng gian bng anten v tuyn. * Ti trm ng (Rover): Khi thu c sng v tuyn truyn n t trm tnh, my thu v tuyn s khuych i ln, gii iu bin tch ra thng ip RTCM SC-104 v gi n my thu GPS t c c cc s hiu chnh v khong cch. Nhng s hiu chnh S ny s c my thu cng vo khong cch gi o c trc khi tnh ra ta tuyt i ca v tr hin hnh ti thi im ang o. Qu trnh thu nhn v x l nh vy xy ra lin tc sut qu trnh o. Khong cch t trm tnh n trm ng ph thuc vo kh nng truyn ti tn hiu ca b thu pht radio link. Nu radio link dng sng mang HF th tm xa c th t n 500Km. Nu radio link dng sng mang UHF th tm xa ch c th t n 50Km vi iu kin phi c s thng thong gia 2 anten UHF. Ngoi ra tm xa cn ph thuc vo cng sut thu pht ca my radio link. 3.1.1.4.3 Chun giao tip NMEA. A. D liu u ra D liu u ra ca sim548C theo giao thc NMEA c nhiu nh dng:

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni Dng d liu u ra GGA GGL GSA GSV RMC VTG M t Thi gian v v tr Kinh v v Ch hot ng ca b nhn GPS,cc v tinh nhn c, v gi tr DOP. S v tinh nhn c tn hiu, cao so vi mc nc bin,gc phng v, v gi tr SNR. Thi gian,ngy,v tr,tc d liu v hng. Hng v tc truyn thng tin so vi mt t. Bng 3.14 : Cc dng d liu u ra ca sim548C

GGA Global Positioning System Fixed Data: y l mt nh dng u ra ca sim548C theo NMEA. V d:
$GPGGA,002153.000,3342.6618,N,11751.3858,W,1,10,1.2,27.0,M,34.2,M,,0 00 *5E ngha ID Thi gian V N/S Kinh E/W nh dng v tr V tinh c s dng HDOP V d $GPGGA 002153.000 3342.6618 N 11751.3858 W 1 10 1.2 Meters Meters n v M t Chui u ca giao thc GGA hhmmss.sss ddmm.mmmm N=Cc bc hay S=Cc nam Dddmm.mmmm E=Pha ng hay W=Pha ty. Theo Bng 1.2 T 0-12 mt chnh xc theo phng ngang

cao so vi mc 27.0 nc bin. n v Byte kim tra li <CR><LF> M *05

Kt thc. 93

ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni Bng 3.15 : Giao thc GGA Gi tr 0 1 2 3-5 6 M t Khng c tn hiu. GPS DGPS Khng h tr. Mt phng php nh v bng cch lp biu hnh trnh v tc t v tr bit. Bng 3.16 : nh dng v tr

GLLGeographic Position - Latitude/Longitude: y l mt nh dng u ra cho bit v tr ca robot. V d: $GPGLL,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,161229.487,A,A*41


ngha ID V N/S Kinh E/W Thi gian Trang thi Ch Byte kim tra li <CR><LF> V d $GPGLL 3723.2475 N 12158.3416 W 161229.487 A A *41 Kt thc. Bng 3.17 : Giao thc GLL n v M t Chui u ca giao thc GLL. Ddmm.mmmm N=Cc bc hay S=Cc nam Dddmm.mmmm E=Pha ng hay W=Pha ty. hhmmss.sss A = c tn hiu hay V = khng c tn hiu. A= c lp,D=DGPS

GSAGNSS DOP and Active Satellites y l nh dng u ra cho bit gi tr DOP(),v hot ng ca v tinh.
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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

V d: $GPGSA,A,3,07,02,26,27,09,04,15, , , , , ,1.8,1.0,1.5*33
ngha ID Ch 1 Ch 2 V tinh V tinh . V tinh PDOP HDOP VDOP Byte kim tra li <CR><LF> 1.8 1.0 1.5 *33 Kt thc Bng 3.18 : Giao thc GSA M A Hot ng ch 2D hay 3D Hot ng ch 2D v c th chuyn i gia 2D v 3D mt cch t ng. Bng 3.19 : Ch 1 1 2 3 Khng c tn hiu. 2D (di 4 v tinh c s dng). 3D (>3 v tinh c s dng). Bng 3.20 : Ch 2 Knh 12 mt chnh xc v tr. mt chnh xc theo phng ngang. mt chnh xc theo phng thng ng. V d ID $GPGSA A 3 07 02 n v M t Chui u ca giao thc GSA Theo bng 1.5 Theo bng 1.6 Knh 1 Knh 2

GSVGNSS Satellites in View nh dng ny cho bit thng tin ca cc v tinh c s dng. V d:
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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

$GPGSV,2,1,07,07,79,048,42,02,51,062,43,26,36,256,42,27,27,138,42*71 $GPGSV,2,2,07,09,23,313,42,04,19,159,41,15,12,041,42*41
ngha ID V d $GPGSV n v M t Chui u ca giao thc GSV T 1 n 3.

S thng ip nhn 2 c. V tinh nhn c ID ca v tinh cao Gc phng v SNR (C/N0) ID ca v tinh .. Byte kim tra li <CR><LF> *71 27 07 07 79 048 42 dBHz

Knh 1 (t 1-32) Knh 1 (ti a 90) Knh 1 (t 0-359) T 0=99

Knh 4 (1-32)

Kt thc Bng 3.21 : Giao thc GSV

RMCRecommended Minimum Specific GNSS Data nh dng ny cho bit y v chi tit v thi gian,ngy,v tr,tc d liu,hng. V d: $GPRMC,161229.487,A,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,0.13,309.62,120598, ,*10
ngha ID Thi gian Trng thi V N/S V d $GPRMC 161229.487 A 3723.2475 N n v M t Chui u ca giao thc RMC Hhmmss.sss A=c tn hiu hay V=khng c tn hiu. ddmm.mmmm N=Cc bc hay S=Cc nam

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni Kinh E/W Tc Hng Ngy S thay i ca lch (magnetic) E/W Byte kim tra li <CR><LF> E *10 Kt thc. Bng 3.22 : Giao thc RMC 12158.3416 W 0.13 309.62 120598 knots Ddmmyy E=Pha ng hay W=Pha ty E=Pha ng Dddmm.mmmm E=Pha ng hay W=Pha ty.

VTGCourse Over Ground and Ground Speed nh dng ny cho bit v hng v tc so vi mt t, V d: $GPVTG,309.62,T, ,M,0.13,N,0.2,K,A*23
ngha ID Hng Chun quy chiu Hng Chun quy chiu Tc n v Tc n v Ch Byte kim tra li <CR><LF> M 0.13 N 0.2 K A *23 Kt thc Bng 3.23 : Giao thc VTG. ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3 97 Km/h Knots V d ID $GPVTG 309.62 T n v M t Chui u ca giao thc VTG Hng hin ti. T=True Hng hin ti. T tnh. Tc hin ti. knot Tc hin ti. Km/h A=c lp,D=DGPS,E=DR

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

B. D liu u vo C th cu hnh cho mudule GPS bng cch gi chui c nh dng theo giao thc NMEA. Chui bao gm cc tham s c dng sau:
Chui u $PSRF<MID> D liu cn gi Data Byte kim tra li *CKSUM Chui kt thc <CR> <LF>

Bng 3.24 : nh dng chui u vo module GPS

Tham s la chn kiu cu hnh cho module:


Tham s 100 101 102 103 104 105 Tn SetSerialPort NavigationInitialization SetDGPSPort Query/rate Control LLANavigationInitialization Development Data On/Off M t Cu hnh cho PORTA. Cc tham s yu cu cho vic s dng X/Y/Z. Cu hnh cho PORTB dnh cho DGPS. Tiu chun chui u ra theo giao thc NMEA. Tham s yu cu cho vic s dng Lat/Lon/Alt.

106

Select Datum

La chn mu cho vic chuyn i ta .

Bng 3.25 : Tham s u cho chui u vo module GPS.

100SetSerialPort y l tham s u tin ca chui lnh cu hnh cho PORTA vi cc thng s cn ci t cho truyn thng ni tip tc baud, data bits, stop bits v parity. Sau khi nhn

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

c chui lnh ny,cc tham s ci t s c lu vo b nh SRAM. Module GPS s khi ng li s dng cc tham s lu trong b nh. V d cu hnh cho truyn thng ni tip vi cc tham s 9600,8,N,1 $PSRF100,1,9600,8,1,0*0C
Tn ID Giao thc Tc baud Data bits Stop bit parity Byte kim tra li <CR><LF> V d $PSRF100 1 9600 8 1 0 *0C Kt thc Bng 3.26 : Lnh 100 cu hnh cho PORTA n v M t Cc k t u ca chui. 0=SiRF binary, 1=NMEA 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, and 115200 8,7 0,1 0=None, 1=Odd, 2=Even

101NavigationInitialization y l lnh s dng khi to cho module GPS v tr hin ti v thi gian. Vic cung cp chnh xc cc thng s v v tr theo trc X/Y/Z v thi gian gip cho module nhn tn hiu ca cc v tinh mt cch chnh xc v nhanh chng. V d nu chng ta bit c v tr chnh xc ta c th khi to cho module vi lnh c nh dng sau: $PSRF101,-2686700,-4304200,3851624,96000,497260,921,12,3*1C
Tn ID X Y Z clkOffset V d $PSRF101 -2686700 -4304200 3851624 96000 m m m Hz 99 n v M t Cc k t u ca chui. Ta truc X Ta truc Y Ta trc Z

ti : Qun L Xe Khch - Nhm SV Lp CT2-K3

Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni TimeOfWeek WeekNo ChannelCount ResetCfg Byte kim tra li <CR><LF> 497260 921 12 3 *1C Kt thc. T 1 n 12 giy

Bng 3.27 : Lnh 101 khi to v tr v thi gian cho ng dng GPS

102SetDGPSPort Lnh ny s dng cu hnh cho truyn thng ni tip s dng b nhn sai phn, y l b nhn DGPS. Khi thc hin lnh ny cho php b nhn c th x l tn hiu mt cch chnh xc. Khi nhn c lnh ny cc thng s s c lu trong SRAM v b nhn s c reset s dng cc thng s ny. V d cu hnh c cc tham s 9600,8,N,1 ta gi lnh c nh dng nh sau: $PSRF102,9600,8,1,0*12
Tn ID Tc baud Data bits Stop bit Parity Byte kim tra li <CR><LF> V d $PSRF102 9600 8 1 0 *12 Kt thc Bng 3.28 : Lnh102 cu hnh cho truyn thng ni tip n v M t Cc k t u ca chui. 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, and 115200 8,7 0,1 0=None, 1=Odd, 2=Even

103Query/Rate Control y l lnh cho php la chn nh dng u ra ca ng dng GPS ca module SIM508. Lnh ny cng cho php c byte kim tra li trong nh dng u ra khng. V d cho php nh dng GGA u ra.
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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

$PSRF103,00,01,00,01*25
Tn ID nh dng Ch Rate V d $PSRF103 00 01 00 Giy n v M t Cc k t u ca chui. Theo bng bn di. 0=SetRate , 1=Query 0-255 0=khng cho php, 1= cho php.

Cho php byte 01 kim tra li Byte kim tra li <CR><LF> *25

Kt thc. Bng 3.29 : Lnh 103 la chn nh dng u ra

Gi tr 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

M t GGA GLL GSA GSV RMC VTG MSS Khng h tr. ZDA Bng 3.30 : nh dng u ra

104LLANavigationInitialization y l lnh s dng khi to cho module GPS v tr hin ti(v ,kinh , cao so vi mc nc bin) v thi gian. Vic cung cp chnh xc cc thng s v v tr v thi gian gip cho module nhn tn hiu ca cc v tinh mt cch chnh xc v nhanh chng.

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

V d: $PSRF104,37.3875111,-121.97232,0,96000,237759,1946,12,1*07
Tn ID Lat Lon Alt clkOffset timeOfWeek WeekNo ChannelCount resetCfg Byte kim tra li <CR><LF> V d $PSRF104 37.3875111 -121.97232 0 9600 237759 1946 12 1 *07 Kt thc. Bng 3.31 : Lnh 104 khi to v tr v thi gian Khong t 1-12 Mt Hz n v M t Cc k t u ca chui. V (khong 90 n -90) Kinh (khong 180 n -180) cao so vi mc nc bin.

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

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Bo Co n Mn C in T -Trng H Cng Nghip H Ni

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