PYRAMID 1. offering chapel 2. mortuary chapel 3. elevated causeway- passage 4. valley building- embalmment MASTABA 1. stele 2. serdab 3.

sarchopagus ROCK- CUT TOMB 1. sanctuary 2. sepultural chamber TEMPLE- EGYPTIAN 1. phylon 2. hypaethral court 3. hypostyle hall 4. sanctuary PALACE- ASSYRIAN 1. seraglio- palace proper 2. harem- family apartments 3. khan- service MEGARON- EARLY GREEK DOMESTIC UNIT 1. enclosed porch 2. megaron proper- living compartments 3. thalamus- sleeping room TEMPLE- GREEK HELENIC PERIOD 1. front portico 2. crepidoma- stylobate, steriobate 3. pro naos 4. naos 5. epinaos/ posticum w/ or w/ opisthodomos 6. peroma GREEK ORDER 1. cornice 2. frieze 3. architrade 4. capital 5. shaft 6. base DORIC ORDER 1. abacus 2. echinus 3. trachelion 4. hypotrachelion 5. entasis- slight curvature

IONIC ORDER 1. abacus 2. echinus- volute 3. shaft 4. base- torus, plinth CORINTHIAN ORDER 1. abacus 2. cauli-coli 3. achantus leaves GREEK TEMPLE 1. acroterion 2. pediment 3. tympanum 4. raking cornice 5. entablature 6. triglyph 7. metope 8. crepidoma MASJID/ MOSQUE 3 types: 1. Fami Masjid/ Friday Mosque- biggest 2. Madrasa- colligiate mosque, learning 3. Tomb Mosque CHARACTERISTICS OF FRIDAY MOSQUE: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Maqsura- screen Dikka- reading desk Mihrab- niche Mimbar- palpit Liwanit- colonnade Fawara- fountain Sahn- open space

stele- slab serdab- statue chamber thalamus- sleeping room, megaron dromos- tholos passageway peroma- space bet naos wall and column lacunaria- coffer, ceiling volute- spiral scroll in ionic, corinthian column themenos- acropolis, sacred enclosure pinacotheca- bldg that holds painting glyptotheca- bldg that hold sculpture

EGYPTIAN RCHITECTURE Character: simplicity, massiveness, monumentality Material: stone and brick System: columnar and trabaeted Mastaba of Thi, SakkaraPyramid of Gizeh- Cheops, Chepren, Mykerinos Tombs of the Kings, Thebes The Great Temple of Arnak (greatest example of Egyptian temple) Great Sphinx at Gizeh (god horus) Hanging Gardens of Babylon- Vitruvius & Nebuchadnezzar Egyptian Architects: Senusurets- built the earliest known obelisk at Heliopolis Amenemhat I- founded the great temple at Karnak Thothmes I- began the additions to the temple of Amnon Karnak Amenophis III- built the famous Colossi of Memnon Rameses I- began the hypostyle hall at Karnak Seti I- built the temple at Abu- Simber Ptolemy II- built the pharos of Light House Ptolemy III- founded the Great Seradeum at Alexandria ASIASIASTIC ARCHITECTURE- WEST ASIA BABYLONEAN AND ASSYRIAN Character: simplicity, massiveness, grandeur Material: brick System: arch and vault Principal buildings: Ziggurat: holy mountains Palace of Sarbon, Corsabat PERSIAN (architect of light and airy magnificence, open type plan) System: royal palace are built on platforms to achieve monumentality : columnar and trabaeted Palace Platform, Persopolis Propylaea, Xerxes Palace of Darius Palace of Cerces Hypostyle Hall of Cerces Hall of Hundred Columns

GREEK ARCHITECTURE Character: Simplicity & harmony Purity of line Perfection of proportions Refinement of details Material: marble System: columnar and trabaeted Palace King Minos, Knossos Acropolis, Athens Propelea- gateway Pinacotheca- paintings Glyptotheca- sculptures Statue of Athena Promochos Erechtheion- unusual because of carriage porch - Mnesicles Old Temple of Athena Parthenon- largest - geatest example of greek architecture - archt. Ictinus - master sculptor- Callicrates - Doric temple - naos- made of gold and ivory - holds the statue of Athena Theater of Dionysius Temple of Nike Apteros- archt Callicrates - Ionic temple Temple of Zeus, Agrigentum- 2nd largest - archt Theron - 3 naos - Atlantes figure Temple of Artemis- archt Deinocrates - master sculptor- Scopas Theater of Dionysus, Athens- prototype - largest for 30,000 people Theater of Epidauror- most beautiful & preserved - archt Polycletos

ROMAN ARCHITECTURE Character: Vastness & magnificence Olstentation & ornateness Material: pozzolana & lime System: columnar, trabaeted & arcuated Forum Romanum- oldest & most important Forum of Trajan- largest forum Temple of Venus, Rome- Appolodorus of Damascus Pantheon Rome ( Sta. Maria Rotunda)- Agripa (corinthian temple) Trajans Basilica, Rome- Appolodorus of Damascus Thermae of Caracalla Thermae Of Diocletian Colloseum, Rome- vast ellipse- Archts- Vespasian, Domitian Circus maximus, Rome- largest Mausoleum of Agustus, Rome Mausoleum of Hadrian, Rome (Castle of Angelo) Palaces of Emeperors, Rome- by emeperor Agustus Palace of Diocletian, Spalato- largest EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE Character: Simplicity in design and treatment Coarseness in execution Material: savaged from pagan structures Basilican plan for churches (east oriented) System: trabaeted & arcuated Basilican Church of St. Peter, Rome Church of St. John Lateran S. Clemente, Rome Torcello Cathedral S. Sabrina, Rome Church at Qalb Louzeh

BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE Character: Simplicity in external design Richness in internal treatment Material: bricks used for walls & concrete for domes Marble for columns System: fusion of domical construction Sta. Soffia of Constantinople, Hagia Sophia- for emperor Justinian Arch. Arthemus of Tralles Isodorus of Miletus - now a muslim mosque St. Mark, Venice Italy- most important example of Byzantine S. Theodore, Athens S. Vitale, Ravenna ROMANESQUE- roman like art Character: Sober & Dignified Material: stone & brick for Germany System: arcuated principle of equilibrium through vaulting system made up of rib & panel vaulting Principal building: Cathedral- Greek cross plan (east oriented) Countries that adapted Romanesque: ITALY FRENCH ROMANESQUE GERMAN ROMANESQUE Pisa Cathedral Pisa Campanile Cathedral Baptistery Madeleine Vezelay- earliest form of cross-pointed vault in France Abbaye-Aux Homes, Caen Order- prototype of Gothic Worms Cathedral- emperor Charlemagne Abbey of Bomay S. Semin, Toulousse Autun Cathedral Cahors Cathedral La Ziza, Palermo Monreale Cathedral Lubeck Cathedral S. Trophime, Arles S. Zeno Maggiore, Venice Trier Cathedral

GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE France- style ogivale - lofty & aspiry quality - structural honesty - economy in use of material System: Arcuated w/ Pointed Arches Material: stone Principal building: Cathedral- Latin Cross (west oriented) Countries that adapted Gothic: FRENCH GOTHIC ENGLISH GOTHIC BELGIUM & DEUTCH GOTHIC ITALIAN GOTHIC Cathedrals Notre Dame, Paris- oldest Gothic Cathedral By bishop Maurice De Sully Finest & most characteristic French gothic Chartres Cathedral- 130 stained galss windows Profussion of sculptured figures in west front Rheims Cathedral- coronation church of kings of France 500 carved statues on west facades Ameins Cathedral- archt Robert de Luzarches Typical French cathedral Carved woodwork on choir stalls Beauvais Cathedral- tallest in Europe, 157 to the vault 1 of the wonders of medieval in France Fortified Towns Carcassone- 50 towers, moat & walls Castles Chateau de Perrefonds- elongated location, overlooking town Arch. Viollet- le- Duc Cathedrals 1st div- Cathedral of the Old Foundation- served by secular clergy York Cathedral- largest cathedral among English cathedral Salisbury Cathedral- English gothic caharcteristic 2nd div- Cathedral of the Monastic Foundation- served by monks or regular clergy Cantherbury Cathedral- 1st Norman church Winchester Cathedral- longest gothic cathedral in Europe 3rd div- Cathedrals of the New Foundation- served by bishops presence of 2 chapels- lady chapel- Virgin Mary - chantry chapel- patrons are burried

Monastery Westminster Abbey- largest Benedictine Founation Triple group of monastery Coronation church & burial place for Eng kings Royal Palace- parliament & Big Ben Westminster Church- highest Castles Tower of London- builder Bishop Gundolf for William I Manor House Hampton Court Palace- archt Cardinal Wolsey University University of Oxford Cambridge University Hall Church St. Elizabeth, Manburg- typical church in Germany Cologne Cathedral- largest gothic church in Northern Europe Milan Cathedral- 2nd largest church in Europe archt Henrich Von Gmunden Sienna Cathedral- stripped marble found in walls & tiers of church Santo Corce- Arnolfo de Cambio, 1 of largest in Europe Florence Cathedral- combination of gothic & renaissance Arnolfo de Cambio Famous group bldg in the world Doges Palace in Italy- civic example gothic in Italy Giovanni & Bartolome Buon Ca D Oro- one of the famous palatial homes during gothic period Civic Cathedral- largest Cathedral in Europe

RENAISSANCE- rebirth of classical Character: Dignity & Formality achieved thru symmetry System: Trabaeted and Arcuated Elements: pediment, horizontal cornice, columnar arcade Countries that adapted Rennaisance: ITALY FRENCH RENAISSANCE GERMAN RENAISSANCE SPANISH RENAISSANCE ENGLISH RENAISSANCE Brunelleschi- most famous architect in Italy Dome of Florence Cathedral- gothic & renaissance Palazzo Pitti- largest except for Vatican Alberti- author of first architecture book after invention of printing De re Aedificatoria Church of Santa Andrea, Mantua- prototype of later renaissance Bramante- first Roman architect of renaissance time Pazzo Della Cancellaria Vatican Palace, Rome Raphael- cousin, pupil of baramnte & one of the greatest painters Vatical Loggie VignolaVilla of Pope Julius, Rome Palazzo Farnese, Caprarola- most maginificent of Roman palaces Gesu Church, Rome- prototype of Jesuit Church in baroque style Michael AngeloMedici Mausoleum- wealthiest family in Italy Capitol, Rome- mos successful civil work LonghenaSta. Maria Della Salute, Venice- structure in the middle of canal St. Peters Basilica- most famous in Italy, Renaissance period Florence Cathedral, Italy- 138 St Peters Basilica, Italy- 137 1/2 St Paul, London- 112 Renaissance Renaissance Renaissance

FRENCH RENAISSANCE Chateau de Bury (typical French chateau) Chateau de Blois (spiral shell staircase)- Leonardo da Vinci Palaces Palais de Louvre (historical artifacts)- Pierre Lescot Palais de Tuilleries- Philbert de Larme

(residence of French rulers till 1879) Palais de Versailles (for Louis xiv)- Le Vau Churches Church of the Sorbonne- Le Mercier Dome of the Invalides (niche of Napoleon Boniparte) GERMAN RENAISSANCE- French style, use of bricks Heidelber Castle Salzberg Cathedral Palace of Charles V. Granada- Pedro Machuca, best example Escorial (art works)- Julian de Bautista, Julian de Herera w/ monastery, collage, church & place Granada Cathedral- Diego de Silde One of the grandest cathedral in Spain Tomb of Ferdinand & Isabela & others ENGLISH RENAISSANCE Elizabethan Mansion Architects: Inigo Jones- deciple of Italian Renaissance characterized by the use of bricks Banqueting House, White Hall Queen,s House, Grenwich Sir Christopher Wren- deciple of French renaissance St Pauls Cathedral- greatest masterpiece, model English 53 London churches Grenwich Observatory & hospital Fountain court & garden faade of Hampton Palace

REVIVAL ARCHITECTURE- 19TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE Marked by Battle of Style- conflict between GOTHIC & CLASSIC Britain Greek Revival & Graeco Roman Railway Buildings Personalities Awn Pugin Crystal Palace- S. Joseph Paxton Somerset House- S. W. Chambers Bank of England- S. John Soane Gothic Revival Renaissance Revival Personalities Liver Pool Cathedral- S.G. Scott Westminter Palace- S. Charles Barry Central Europe Neo Renaissance Madeleine Paris- Vignon Arc de Triomphe- Chalgrin Brandenburg Gate High Neo Renaissance Votive Church, Vienna- Fernstel Neo- Baroque Paris Opera House- Charles Garnier EARLY 20TH CENTURY Ritz Hotel- first building made of reinforced concrete & glass after war - Mewes & Davies Ecole Des Beaux-Arts- Architectural Design Ecole de polytechnique- Engineering

AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE- Georgian/ Colonial Architecture White House, Washington- Mckim, Mead & White Independence Hall, California- Andrew Hamilton Classic Revival example: Capitol, Washington D.C.- Thornton, Hallet & Latrobe University of Virginia- Thornton, Hallet & Latrobe Montecillo Virginia- Thornton, Hallet & Latrobe Plan of Washington D.C.- Charles Pierre L Enfant Federal Hall, Washington D.C.- Charles Pierre L Enfant Washington Monument, Washington D.C.- Robert Mills Philadelphia Exchange- William Stricklamp Revival of Gothic example: Trinity Church, New York- Richard Upjan St. Patricks Cathedral- James Wrenwick St. John the Divine Cathedral, NY- Le Farge Marshal Field Store, Chicago- Henry Richardson MUSLIM ARCHITECTURE Great Mosque Mecca Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem- holiest place Great Mosque Cordova- capital of Islam religion in West Giralda, Seville- most beautiful towers Alhambra Granada- part of royal palace, most famous Taj Mahal, Agra- most important, made of marble

INDIAN ARCHITECTURE Great Stupa Sanchi- characteristic of Indian architecture Golden Temple of Sikhs- holiest temple CAMBODIAN ARCHITECTURE- Stone Carving Angkor Thom- founder Jayavarman - center of town Bayon (main temple 54 towers) Angor Wat- one of architectural wonders of world - largest religious structure in the world, behive shape towers INDONESIAN ARCHITECTURE- Hindu influenced (stone carving) Borubodur- largest budhist temple