Fluid Mechanics

1
Dr Farid Khan
Stability of floating bodies
2
1
2
3
Stability of floating bodies
3
1
2
3
1: Unstable equilibrium

2: Stable equilibrium

3: Neutral equilibrium
Stability of floating bodies
4
Submerged bodies
W

F
B
W

F
B
W

F
B
Stability of floating bodies
5
Submerged bodies
W

F
B
W

F
B
W

F
B
Stability of floating bodies
6
Submerged bodies
Conclusion:
A fully submerged body is in stable equilibrium if its centre
of gravity (G) is below the centre of buoyancy (B)
Stability of floating bodies
7
Floating bodies
W

F
B
W

F
B
G

B

G

B
1

B

M

M = Metacentre
GM = Metacentre height
Stability of floating bodies
8
Floating bodies
W

F
B
W

F
B
G

B

G

B
1

B

M

M = Metacentre
GM = Metacentre height
Metacentre M is above centre of gravity G
Couple: Restoring couple
Equilibrium: Stable
Stability of floating bodies
9
Floating bodies
W

F
B
G

B

M

W

G

B

B
1
F
B
M = Metacentre
GM = Metacentre height
Metacentre M is above centre of gravity G
Couple: Restoring couple
Equilibrium: Stable
Stability of floating bodies
10
Floating bodies
W

F
B
W

F
B
G

B

G

B
1

B

M

M = Metacentre
GM = Metacentre height
Stability of floating bodies
11
Floating bodies
W

F
B
W

F
B
G

B

G

B
1

B

M

M = Metacentre
GM = Metacentre height
Metacentre M is below centre of gravity G
Couple: Disturbing couple
Equilibrium: Unstable
Stability of floating bodies
12
Floating bodies
W

F
B
W

F
B
G

B

G

B
1

B

M

M = Metacentre
GM = Metacentre height
Metacentre M is below centre of gravity G
Couple: Disturbing couple
Equilibrium: Unstable
Analytical method for finding metacentric
height
13
Floating bodies
Conclusion:
A floating body is in stable equilibrium if its meta centre
(M) is above the centre of gravity (G) of the body
Metacentre height
14
For different ships
M = Metacentre
GM = Metacentre height
1. Merchant ships = 0.3 to 1 m

2. Sailing ships = 0.45 to 1.25 m

3. Battle ships = 1 to 1.50 m

4. River crafts up to 3.5 m
Project
Dead weight tester
Differential manometer
Venturimeter
Pitot tube
Hydraulic jack (demonstration model)
Hydraulic turbine (demonstration model)
Submersible propulsion system
Submersible robot (meso scale)
Artificial fish
etc

15
Project
Main features
- Low cost
- Development from scrape
- Reliability
- Efficiency
- performance




16
Analytical method for finding metacentric height
17
W

F
B
W

F
B
G

B

G

B
1

B

M

a

h

g

b

c

d

e

f

i

o

b/2

b/2

ship B
W V F = =
( )
1
BB V M
B
=
u tan
1
BM BB = ( ) u tan BM V M
B
=
Analytical method for finding metacentric height
18
W

F
B
W

F
B
G

B

G

B
1

B

M

a

h

g

b

c

d

e

f

i

o

b/2

b/2

u

tan
8
tan
2 2 2
1
ship of length
2 2
1
wedge the of vol.
2
Lb
L
b b
ih
b
w
=

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