Fluid Mechanics

1
Dr Farid Khan
Orifice meter
2
Is used for the measurement of discharge in pipes
Flow
Venacontracta (minimum area/dia of jet)
d
1
d
X
Orifice
Flange
3
d
1
d d
2

X
Orifice meter
Orifice meter
4
Is used for the measurement of discharge in pipes
5
g
V p
g
V p
2 2
2
2 2
2
1 1
+ = +

2 2 1 1
V a V a =
2
1
2
1
V
a
a
V =
H
g
V a a V
=

2
) (
2
2
2
1 2
2
2
Orifice meter
g
V p
g
V p
2 2
2
2 2
2
1 1
+ = +

H
p p
g
V
g
V
= =

2 1
2
1
2
2
2 2
d
1
d
2
d 1 2
g
V
z
p
g
V
z
p
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
+ + = + +

H
p p
g
V
g
V
= =

2 1
2
1
2
2
2 2
H
g
V V
=

2
2
1
2
2
Orifice meter
6
H h >
H = Theoretical pressure head difference
h = Actual pressure head difference
Due to losses
C = Coefficient of Orifice meter = 0.6 to 0.75
g
V p
g
V p
2 2
2
2 2
2
1 1
+ = +

H
p p
g
V
g
V
= =

2 1
2
1
2
2
2 2
d
1
d
2
d 1 2
H
g
V a a V
=

2
) (
2
2
2
1 2
2
2
2
1 2
2
) ( 1
2
a a
gH
V

=
2
1 2
2
) ( 1
2
a a
gh
C V

=
Orifice meter
7
2 2
V a Q =
a a <
2
1
2
< =
a
a
C
C
a C a
C
=
2
Since g
V p
g
V p
2 2
2
2 2
2
1 1
+ = +

H
p p
g
V
g
V
= =

2 1
2
1
2
2
2 2
d
1
d
2
d 1 2
2
1 2
2
) ( 1
2
a a
gh
Ca Q

=
( ) d d <
2
C
C
= Coefficient of contraction
Orifice meter
8
2
1
) ( 1
2
a a C
gh
CC Q
C
C

=
C
O
= Combined coefficient of orfice meter
gh
a a
a
C Q
O
2
) ( 1
2
1

=
g
V p
g
V p
2 2
2
2 2
2
1 1
+ = +

H
p p
g
V
g
V
= =

2 1
2
1
2
2
2 2
d
1
d
2
d 1 2
gh
a a C
a C
C Q
C
C
2
) ( 1
2
1

=
2
1
2
1
) ( 1 ) ( 1 a a C
a CC
a a
a
C
C
C
O

Orifice meter
9
gh
a a
a
C Q
O
2
1 ) (
2
1
1

=
g
V p
g
V p
2 2
2
2 2
2
1 1
+ = +

H
p p
g
V
g
V
= =

2 1
2
1
2
2
2 2
d
1
d
2
d 1 2
h k C Q
O
=
k
d d
g d
a a
g a
=

=
1 ) (
2
1 ) (
2
4
2 1
2
2
2 1
1
1
Constant for a given Orifice meter
10
Orifice meter
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

1
2 1
l
Hg
l
X
p p

h
p p
l
=

2 1
d
1
d
X
Orifice
0
2 1
= + P X X P
Hg l

) 1 ( 1 =
|
|
.
|

\
|
= r X X h
l
Hg

(meters of liquid in orifice meter)

Note: Use the same procedure for venturimeter, when differential
manometer is connected to it
11
Orifice meter
d
1
d
X
Orifice
) 1 ( 1 =
|
|
.
|

\
|
= r X X h
l
Hg

Note: Use the same procedure for venturimeter/pitot tube, when

differential manometer is connected to it
) 1 ( = r X k C Q
O
k
d d
g d
a a
g a
=

=
1 ) (
2
1 ) (
2
4
2 1
2
2
2 1
1
1
Orifice meter
12
Reading Assignment in Book:

Repeat the derivation for discharge through inclined and
vertical orifice meter (Same as in case of Venturimeter)

Comparison of orifice meter with Venturimeter
Rotameter
13
Is used for the measurement of discharge in pipes
Rotameter
14
Is used for the measurement of discharge in pipes
Rotameter
15
Is used for the measurement of discharge in pipes