CHUYN 1: CU TO NGUYN T BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC LIN KT HA HC

A. L Thuyt
Cu 1. Cho bit nguyn t X c Z=28. Nhn nh ng v X : A. X thuc chu k 4, nhm VIIIA B. X thuc chu k 3, nhm VIIIA C. X thuc chu k 4, nhm VIIIB D. X thuc chu k 3, nhm VIIIB Cu 2. (H-C) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c electron mc nng lng cao nht l 3p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y cng c electron mc nng lng 3p v c mt electron lp ngoi cng. Nguyn t X v Y c s electron hn km nhau l 2. Nguyn t X, Y ln lt l A. kh him v kim loi. B. kim loi v kim loi. C. phi kim v kim loi. D. kim loi v kh him. Cu 3. (H-C)Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VIII), theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th. A. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn. B. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn. C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn. D. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn. Cu 4. (H-C) Anion X- v cation Y2+ u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. V tr ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l: A. X c s th t 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II). B. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 3, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II). C. X c s th t 17, chu k 4, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II). D. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VI); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II). Cu 5. (H-C khi A 2007) Cho cc nguyn t M (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z = 19). m in ca cc nguyn t tng dn theo th t. A. R < M < X < Y. B. M < X < R < Y. C. Y < M < X < R. D. M < X < Y < R. Cu 6. (H-C khi A 2008) Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: 3Li, 8O, 9F, 11Na c xp theo th t tng dn t tri sang phi l A. F, Li, O, Na. B. F, Na, O, Li. C. Li, Na, O, F. D. F, O, Li, Na. Cu7. (H-C Khi B 2009) cho cc nguyn t: K(Z=19), N(Z=7), Si(Z=14), Mg(Z=12). Dy gm cc nguyn t sp theo chiu gim dn bn knh: A. Mg, K, Si, N B. K, Mg, Si, N C. K,Mg, N, Si D. N, Si, Mg,

Cu8. (H-C Khi A 2009) cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l: 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng h thng tun hon nguyn t X thuc: A. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIA B. Chu k 4, nhm IIA C. Chu k 4, nhm VIB D. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB. Cu 9. (H-C) Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l: A. K, Mg, N, Si. B. Mg, K, Si, N. C. K, Mg, Si, N. D. N, Si, Mg, K. Cu 10. (H-C) Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l: A. P, N, O, F. B. P, N, F, O. C. N, P, F, O. D. N, P, O, F. Cu 11. (H-C) Hp cht trong phn t c lin kt ion l A. NH4Cl. B. HCl. C. NH3. D. H2O. Cu 12. (H-C) Dy gm cc cht trong phn t ch c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc l: A. HCl, O3, H2S. B. H2O, HF, H2S. C. O2, H2O, NH3. D. HF, Cl2, H2O. 2 2 6 2 Cu 13. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p64s1, nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p5. Lin kt ho hc gia nguyn t X v nguyn t Y thuc loi lin kt. A. cho nhn. B. kim loi. C. cng ho tr. D. ion. Cu 14. Dy gm cc ion X+, Y- v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6 l: A. K+, Cl-, Ar. B. Na+, F-, Ne. C. Na+, Cl-, Ar. D. Li+, F-, Ne. Cu 15. Chn p n ng : A. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng s proton nhng c s notron khc nhau. B. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng s proton nhng khc nhau s khi. C. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng s electron nhng c s notron khc nhau D. A,B,C u ng. Cu 16. Cho cc ion sau : F-(Z=9), O2-(Z=8), Na+(Z=11), Ca2+(Z=20), Mg2+(Z=12), Al3+ (Z=13).Dy ion no sau y ng in t : A. F-(Z=9), O2-(Z=8), Na+(Z=11), Ca2+(Z=20) B. O2-(Z=8), Na+(Z=11), Ca2+(Z=20), Mg2+(Z=12) C. F-(Z=9), O2-(Z=8), Na+(Z=11), Al3+(Z=13) D. O2-(Z=8), Na+(Z=11), Ca2+(Z=20), Al3+(Z=13) Cu 17. Hidro c 3 nguyn t ng v l : H1, H2, H3. Oxi c 3 nguyn t ng v : O1, O2,O3. C th c ti a bao nhiu phn t nc khc nhau : A. 18 B. 12 C. 9 D. 6 12 14 16 17 18 Cu 18. Vi 2 ng v C v C v 3 ng v O, O, O th s phn t CO2 c th to ra l : A. 6 B.9 C.12 D.18

Cu 19. Chn cu sai : A. Trong cng chu k, theo chiu tng dn in tch ht nhn, m in tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn. B. Trong cng chu k, theo chiu tng dn in tch ht nhn, tnh kim loi gim tnh phi kim tng, nng lng ion ha gim dn C. Trong cng phn nhm, theo chiu in tch tng dn, m in gim dn, nng lng ion ha gim dn. D. Trong cng phn nhm, theo chiu in tch tng dn, tnh kim loi tng dn, tnh phi kim gim dn, nng lng ion ha gim dn. Cu 20. Nhm nguyn t no sau y c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np5: A. Nhm IVA B. Nhm VA C. Nhm VIA D. Nhm VIIA + Cu 21. (H-C Khi A 2007). Dy gm cc ion X v Y v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh 1s22s22p6 l : A. Na+, F-, Ne B. Na+, Cl-, Ar C. Li+, F-, Ne D. K+, Cl-, Ar Cu 22. (H-C Khi B 2008). Tnh phi kim tng dn t tri qua phi : A. N, P, O, F B. N, P, F, O C. P, N, F, O D. P, N, O, F Cu 23. ng v l hin tng : A. Cc nguyn t ca cng nguyn t nhng c s khi khc nhau B. Cc nguyn t c cng s hiu Z, nhng s khi khc nhau. C. Cc nguyn t c cng s proton nhng c s khi khc nhau. D. Tt c u ng. Cu 24. Cu hnh in t ca ion Fe2+ (Z=26) l : A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d6 C. 1s22s22p63s23p84s2 D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 Cu 25. Cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t X thuc. A. chu k 3, nhm VIB. B. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB. C. chu k 4, nhm IIA. D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. Cu 26. Nhn nh no sau y khng ng khi ni v ion X2+ c Z=20 A. X c tnh kh. B. X thuc chu k 4, nhm IIA C. X c khng c electron c thn lp ngoi cng. D. Cu hnh electron ca X2+ l: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 Cu 27. Nguyn t X c Z=19. Nhn nh no sau y sai : A. X c 1 e c thn lp ngoi cng B. X thuc chu k 4, nhm IA

C. X l kim loi, c tnh kh mnh D. X to vi H hp cht c cng thc XH2, to oxit cao nht c cng thc XO Cu 28. (H-C Khi A-2008) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 , nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p5. Lin kt ho hc gia nguyn t X v nguyn t Y thuc loi lin kt A. cho nhn. B. ion. C. cng ho tr. D. kim loi.

B. Bi tp
Dng 1: Xc nh s hiu nguyn t , cu hnh e v s ht trong nguyn t Cu 1. Mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 52 v c s khi l 35. S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t X l A. 17. B. 15. C. 23. D. 18. Cu 2. Tng s p,e,n ca nguyn t nguyn t X l 60. S ht mang in gp i s ht khng mang in. Nguyn t X l : A. Cu B. Zn C. Ca D. Mg Cu 3. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 60, trong s ht n bng p. X l: A. Cu B. K C. Ca D. Na Cu 4. Nguyn t X c tng s ht l 28. Gi tr p c th c l: A. 8 v 9 B. 9 v 10 C. 9 v 11 D. 7 v 8 Cu 5. Nguyn t X c tng s ht l 34. X khng l nguyn t kh him. X c th l: A. K B. Na C. Ne D. Mg Cu 6. ( thi th i Hc chuyn Vnh Phc). Tng s ht ca mt nguyn t kim loi X l 155. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33 ht. Kt lun no sau y khng ng : A. in tch ht nhn ca X l 47+ B. X c 2 electron lp ngoi cng C. S khi X l 108 D. X c 5 lp electron. Cu 7. (khi B 2010) mt ion M3+ c tng s ht p, n, e l 79, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh e ca nguyn t M : A. [Ar] 3d54s1 B. [Ar] 3d64s2 C. [Ar] 3d34s2 D. [Ar] 3d64s1 Cu 8. (H,C khi B 2008) Tng s ht trong hai nguyn t kim loi X v Y l 142, trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca nguyn t Y nhiu hn ca X l 12. Hai kim loi l: A. Ca v Fe B. Ca v Mg C. Al v Fe D. Na v Al Cu 9. Tng s ht proton, ntron , electron trong hai nguyn t ca nguyn t X v Y l 96 trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 32 . S ht mang in ca nguyn t Y nhiu hn ca X l 16. X v Y ln lt l A. Mg v Ca B. Be v Mg C. Ca v Sr D. Na v Ca

Cu 10. Cho hp cht MX3. Tng s ht n,p,e l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. S khi nguyn t X ln hn M l 8. Tng s 3 loi ht trong ion X- nhiu hn ion M3+ l 16. M v X l: A. Al v Cl B. Mg v Cl C. Na v Cl D. K v Cl Cu 11. Hp cht A c to thnh t ion M+ v ion X2- .Tng s 3 loi ht trong A l 164 .Tng s cc ht mang in trong M ln hn tng s ht mang in trong X l 6 .Trong nguyn t M, s ht proton t hn s ht ntron l 1 ht , trong nguyn t X s ht proton bng s ht ntron . M v X l A. K v O B. Na v S C. Li v S D. K v S Cu 12. Trong hp cht ion XY (X l kim loi, Y l phi kim), s electron ca cation bng s electron ca anion v tng s electron trong XY l 20. Bit trong mi hp cht, Y ch c mt mc oxi ha duy nht. Cng thc XY l A. NaF. B. AlN. C. MgO. D. LiF. Dng 2: bi tp v ng v Cu 1. Trong t nhin, nguyn t ng c hai ng v l
63 29

Cu v

65 29

Cu . Nguyn t khi trung

65 29

bnh ca ng l 63,54. Thnh phn phn trm tng s nguyn t ca ng v Cu l A. 73%. B. 54%. C. 50. D. 27%.

Cu 2. Nguyn t ha hc Clo c hai nguyn t ng v trong t nhin Cl (35) v Cl (37).

Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca n l 35,5. Coi khi lng mi nguyn t ng v bng khi lng ca n. Phn trm mi nguyn t ng v ca Clo trong t nhin l :

A. 80% v 20%

B. 75% v 25%

C. 70% v 30%

D. 65% v 35%

Cu 3. Trong t nhin Cu c hai ng v 63Cu v 65Cu , trong ng v 65Cu chim 27% v s nguyn t .Phn trm khi lng ca 63Cu trong Cu2O l gi tr no di y ? A. 64,29% D.20% Cu 4. Nguyn t Cl trong t nhin l mt hn hp gm hai ng v 35Cl(75%) v 37Cl (25%) .Phn trm v KL ca 37Cl trong mui kaliclorat KClO3 l : A. 7,24% B.7,55% C. 2,47% D.7,21% Cu5. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Clo l 35,5. Clo trong t nhin c hai ng v 35Cl v 37Cl. Phn trm khi lng 37Cl trong HClO l : 4 A. 9,404% B. 8,95% C. 9,67% Dng 3 :Da vo ha tr ca nguyn t vi hiro v oxi D. 9,204% B. 70% C.30%

Cu 1. Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH 3. Trong oxit m R c ho tr cao nht th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l: A. As. B. S. C. N. D. P. Cu 2. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns 2np4. Trong hp cht kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l A. 40%. B. 50%. C. 27,27%. D. 60,00%. Cu 3. Nguyn t R thuc nhm VIA trong bng HTTH trong hp cht ca R vi H (khng c thm nguyn t khc) c 5,882% hiro v khi lng .R l nguyn t no di y ? A. S B. O C. Se D. N Cu 4. Mt nguyn t c oxit cao nht l R2O7, nguyn t ny to vi hiro mt cht kh trong hidro chim 2,74% v khi lng .R l : A. F B. Cl C. I D. Br BI TP : Cu 1. Nguyn t R to hp cht kh vi H c cng thc l RH3. Trong oxit cao nht ca n R chim 43,66% v khi lng. R l : A. N B. As C. P D. Ge Cu 2. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cl l 35,5. Trong t nhin Cl c hai ng v l 35Cl v 37 Cl. Phn trm khi lng ca 35Cl trong HClO3 l : A. 31,07% B. 31,51% C. 10,95% D. 10,50% 2+ Cu 3. Trong ion R c tng s ht n,p,e l 91, trong s ht mang in gp 56/35 ln s ht khng mang in. V tr R trong bng h thng tun hon : A. Chu k 4, nhm IA B. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB C. Chu k 4, nhm IB D. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIA 2+ 9 Cu 4. Ion M kt thc cu hnh l 3d . V tr M trong bng h thng tun hon : A. Chu k 4, nhm IA B. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB C. Chu k 4, nhm IB D. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIA Cu 5. Tng s ht p,n,e ca mt nguyn t X l 40. X l nguyn t no sau y : A. Mg B. Na C. Al D. Ca Cu 6. A v B thuc phn nhm chnh trong bng h thng tun hon., B thuc nhm V. trng thi n cht A v B khng phn ng vi nhau. Tng s proton trong hai ht nhn A v B l 23. A, B l : A. N v S B. P v N C, N v O D. P v O Cu 7. R c % khi lng ca n trong hp cht vi H l 94,12%, trong oxit cao nht ca n vi oxi, R chim 40% v khi lng. R l :

A. N B. P C. Cl D. S Cu 8. Tng s ht trong hai nguyn t A v B l 70. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22. S ht mang in ca A nhiu hn B l 2. A v B l : A. Al v Na C. Mg v Al C. Mg v Na D. Na v O Cu 9. Cho : A (Z= 12), B(Z=9), C(Z=20), D(Z=17). Bn knh cc nguyn t theo th t tng dn : A. C>A>D>B B. B<D<A<C C. B<C<A<D D. B<A<D<C 39 40 41 16 17 Cu 10. K c 3 ng v K, K, K ; O c 3 ng v O, O, 18O. s phn t K2O c th to thnh l : A. 6 B. 12 C. 18 D. 24 Cu 11. Mt nguyn t R to vi oxi hai oxit. Trong oxit th nht, O chim 50% khi lng. Trong oxit th hai, O chim 60% khi lng. R l : A. Fe B. P C. S D. N Cu 12.S oxi ha ca R trong hp cht cao nht vi oxi l a, trong hp cht vi H l b. Bit :
a b = 6 . R l nguyn t no sau y, bit trong hp cht vi H n chim 97,26% v khi

lng. A. P B. N C. S D. Cl Cu 13. A v B l 2 nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh v hai chu k lin tip nhau trong bng h thng tun hon. Tng s proton trong hai ht nhn nguyn t A v B l 32. A v B l : A. Mg v Al B. K v Al C. Ca v Mg D. K v Mg Cu 14. Chn nhn nh khng ng: A. Trong bng h thng tun hon, c 7 chu k gm : 3 chu k nh v 4 chu k ln. B. Trong cng chu k, theo chiu tng dn in tch ht nhn, nng lng ion ha tng dn, m in tng dn, tnh phi kim cng tng dn C. Trong cng phn nhm chnh, theo chiu tng dn in tch ht nhn, m in gim dn, tnh phi kim gim dn, nhng nng lng ion ha tng dn. D. ng v l nhng nguyn t c s e bng nhau, nhng khc s khi. Cu 15. Nguyn t X (Z=15), Y (Z=17) loi lin kt hnh thnh gia X v Y l : A. ion B. cng ha tr C. phi tr D. kim loi Cu 16. Ion R3+ kt thc cu hnh l 3d5. V tr R trong bng HTTH: A. Chu k 4, nhm IA B. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB C. Chu k 4, nhm IB D. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIA Cu 17. Nguyn t R c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l : ns2np5. Trong hp cht vi hydro, R chim 98,77% v khi lng, trong oxit cao nht ca n vi oxi, R chim 58,82% v khi lng. R l :

A. Br B. Cl C. I D. F Cu 18. m in ca cc cht : A(Z=20), B(Z=17), C(Z=12), D(Z=16) theo th t gim dn : A. B>D>C>A B. B>C>D>A C. B> A>C>D D. A>C>B>D 65 Cu 19. Phn trm ng v Cu trong Cu(NO3)3 l gi tr no sau y. Bit trong t nhin Cu c hai ng v 65Cu (27%) v 63Cu (73%). A. 9,15 B. 9,29 C. 9,34 D. 9,36 Cu 20. (Khi B 2010) Cc cht m phn t khng phn cc l : A. NH3, Br2, C2H4 B. Cl2, CO2, C2H2 C. HBr, CO2, CH4 D. H2O, Br2, Cl2 Cu 21. A v B l nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh trong bng h thng tun hon. B c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l ns2np4. Tng s proton ca A v B l 36. Vy A v B l nguyn t no sau y. Cho (Ni(Z=28), O(Z=8), S(Z=16), K(Z=9), Ca(Z=20) A. Ni v O B. K v Al C. Ca v S D. O v K Cu 22. Nguyn t R trong bng HTTH khng to hp cht vi H. Trong oxit cao nht ca n vi oxi, R chim 52,94% v khi lng. R l : A. Na B. Mg C. Ca D. Al Cu 23. (Khi A 2009) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng ns 2np4. Trong hp cht kh ca X vi H, X chim 94,12% v khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca X trong oxit cao nht ca n vi Oxi l: A. 50% B. 30% C. 40% D. 60% Cu 24. Lin kt trong phn t H2O l: A. lin kt cng ha tr phn cc. B. lin kt cng ha tr khng cc. C. lin kt ion. D. lin kt cho nhn. Cu 25. S lin kt v lin kt trong phn t benzen ln lt l: A. 3,3 B. 6,3 D. 4,3 D. 3,6