Vissuta Paopao JIWARIYAVEJ Hori Laboratory, The University of Tokyo

Wireless Power Transfer Proposed System Basic Theories Research Directions

Main problem of EVs: Energy storage medium Solution: Wireless Power Transfer

Charging at Car Parks Effortless Charging Process = Charging more often: Smaller Battery/Capacitor Size Charging Lanes? Extended range Charging at traffic lights?
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Main problem of EVs: Energy storage medium Solution: Wireless Power Transfer

Effortless Charging Process = Charging more often: Smaller Battery/Capacitor Size Extended range
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Main types of Wireless Power Transfer

Electromagnetic Induction Microwave Power Magnetic Transfer Resonance Coupling Very High (~km) Low Mid Range (10cm ~ 2m) High Low (few cm) High

Range Efficiency

Wii Controller Charger

SPS
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What is Magnetic Resonant Coupling? Wireless Transmission of energy via magnetic coupling in between two resonating antennas

Characteristics Non-Radiative High Efficiency Mid-range Resistant to positional shifts and obstacles Experimentally transmitted 100W through 20cm at 90% efficiency (can extend to 1m in theory)
Possible Application Charging Electric Vehicles (EVs)
Wireless Power Transfer via Magnetic Resonant Coupling

SafeNo danger of electrocution ConvenientNo need to plug the cord into the socket Easily AchievedMid-Range, Resistant to positional shifts

20cm EVS 24 Norway 2009 60cm

20cm

Showa Aircraft 2009 Hori Laboratory, University of Tokyo 2009

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Resonance Condition: 1 2 +

=0
1

Eq. (1) Eq. (2) Eq. (3) Eq. (4)

Resonance Frequency: m = 0 =

Equivalent Circuit of the system without matching circuit

1+ + 0 1 e = 1 = 2 2 = = + 2 2

Power Reflection Ratio, 11 = 11 100 % Eq. (5) Power Transmission Ratio, 21 = 21 100[%]

21 () =

2 0
1

2 2 2 +20 +0

Eq.(6)

The system can be analyzed and designed based on the Equivalent Circuit.
Electromagnetic Analysis Model
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As the gap changes, the impedance of the system changes resonance frequency changes

Coupling coefficient k vs gap

Efficiency vs frequency graph for gap = 100mm to 200mm

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Main Issues in Magnetic Resonance Coupling:

Resonance Frequency vs ISM band Efficiency at Variable Position & Load Power Source Safety
13.56MHz7kHz Extremely Narrow!!

VS

ISM Band

Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) Band

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Main Issues in Magnetic Resonance Coupling:

Resonance Frequency vs ISM band Efficiency at Variable Position & Load Power Source Safety

Research Direction
Antenna Design System Control

Power Electronics

kHz ~ MHz ~ GHz Antennas Asymmetrical Antennas Multiple Receiver Analysis Repeater Antennas

Impedance Matching System Efficient Power Source Frequency Matching System Analysis with Power Parameter Estimation Electronics Theories Battery/Capacitor Charging system 11

All Antennas must have:

Identical Self Resonance Frequency High Q value = Low Ohmic Loss and Low Radiation

GHz 13.56 MHz 122kHz

MHz: kHz:

Smaller sized antennas, Narrow ISM Band, No efficient power source Power source exists, Wide ISM Band , Larger antennas
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The Antennas may be asymmetrical as long as their self resonance frequency is similar
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Other Topics
Repeater Antennas

Multiple receiving antennas

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Displacement
g a p

kHz (Wide ISM Band) :

Frequency Matching System

MHz (Narrow ISM Band):

Impedance Matching System

ISM Band

A System to maintain maximum efficiency when positional shifts occurs is needed.

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kHz (Wide ISM Band) :

Frequency Matching System

MHz (Narrow ISM Band):

Impedance Matching System

Experimental Results

Maximum Efficiency can be maintained even when positional shifts occur by shifting the frequency of the power source to the resonance frequency

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kHz (Wide ISM Band) :

Frequency Matching System

MHz (Narrow ISM Band):

Impedance Matching System

Before Impedance Matching

After Impedance Matching

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kHz (Wide ISM Band) :

Frequency Matching System

MHz (Narrow ISM Band):

Impedance Matching System
Maximum efficiency can also be achieved by matching the resonance frequency to the power source frequency (13.56 MHz) using an Impedance Matching Circuit

Efficiency Increased

Not Resonating

Resonating

Before Impedance Matching

After Impedance Matching

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Analysis with Power Electronics

Analysis without using S-Parameters
Using V, I only!!

Using self resonance frequency only to transmit energy

This system may also be used without any control if we can create a system that does not create a reflected wave. No coaxial cable Input Impedance = 0 Length of Antenna << Wavelength

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EV charging system
System Design

EDLC/Battery Charging circuit

Power transfer antennas as

a position sensor to assist in parking

EDLC Charging Circuit EDLC DC/DC Control Rectifier From receiving antenna 20

Safety Issue : Effects on Human Body Antennas for high power (kW) situations Developing an efficient power source for 13.56MHz

Final Target : Wireless Charging System for EV

Interesting Advanced Challenging
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Thank you for your kind attention

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