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PRODUCTION AUTOMATION (Lecture 3) 3 STEPS TOWARDS AUTOMATION Main objective of designing a Manufacturing system is to increase the manufacturing efficiency

and labor productivity. These steps have increased the manufacturing efficiency and Labor Productivity, they are: 1. Introduction of Tools 2. Mechanization 3. Automation TOOL MECHANIZATION TOOLS Have increased the manufacturing efficiency They are then attached to the machine tools due to which the manufacturing efficiency has further increased AUTOMATION 3RD step was the replacement of human mental labor by machines i.e. (the Setup, operations and control of machine tools, came to be operated automatically, rather then by skilled workers) Hence, Mechanization Is the replacement of human physical labor by machines, but the control of this machine operation is effected by human operator. However, Automation Also replaces this control action by machines Means the replacement of both human physical and mental activities by machines Is an extension of hand which performs effective actions Is the replacement of human physical labor by machines

Dr. S.A. Shah

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PRODUCTION AUTOMATION (Lecture 3) Mechatronics Plays an important role in Automation Means Unification of Mechanics (machines) with regard to Physical labor and Electronics (computers) with regard to mental labor Automation (Groover) Automation is the technology by which a process or procedure is accomplished without human assistance How it is implemented By using a program of instructions combined with a control system that executes the instruction Note: Power is required to drive the process, program and control system Basic 3 Elements of an Automated System 1. Power (To accomplish the process and operate the system) 2. Program of Instructions (To direct the process) 3. Control System (To actuate the instructions) Kinds of Automation There can be 3 directions in which automation can be brought, these directions have pointed the way towards Automation 1. Automated flow type production (In Manufacturing Industries) 2. Automatic control of continuous production (In Process Industries) 3. Increase in business efficiency (By computers) These tendencies created the following types of Automation 1. Mechanical Automation (Manufacturing Industries) 2. Process Automation (Process and Chemical Industries) 3. Office or Business Automation (For office work)

Dr. S.A. Shah

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PRODUCTION AUTOMATION (Lecture 3) Mechanical and Process Automation called Factory Automation Factory Automation (FA) Mechanical and Process Automation are mainly Concerned with direct production processes that convert Raw material into Products (Flow of Material) This type of Automation is called Factory Automation Office Automation (OA) Concerned with management i.e. control of productive activities (Flow of Information) When FA and OA are Integrated Corporate/Enterprise Automation emberges Low Cost Automation Automation with a small amount of capital This emphasize on standardized automatic equipment (Actuators, Sensors etc) Useful for small businesses Used for Mass Production of single product Cost effectiveness is great High Level Automation Needs vast amount of Capital Extended Automation Design Automation For speedy automatic design and drawing of parts and products (CADD)

Laboratory Automation For automatic measurements, collection and analysis of Test Data

Store/Sales Automation For sales management by computers using (POS) point of sale, techniques

Dr. S.A. Shah

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