ng dng vin thm v GIS trong xc nh hin trng v nguy c st l khu vc huyn Vn Canh- Bnh nh xc nh hin trng v nguy

y c st l t cho mt khu vc quan tm l mt cng tc kh phc tp v i hi gim st thng xuyn. Bi bo nhm gii thiu gii php ng dng d liu vin thm kt hp vi GIS xy dng bn hin trng st l khu vc huyn Vn Canh ca tnh Bnh nh. nh quang hc AVNIR2 v nh radar Palsar c phi hp (s dng thut ton Fusion), cp nht v cung cp d liu phc v cng tc xy dng bn nguy c st l s dng cng ngh GIS v m hnh SIMAP (Stability Index Mapping). Kt qu cho thy gii php c xut c kh nng p dng hiu qu trong cng tc cnh bo sm xc nh hin trng v ng gi nguy c st l t.

Hnh nh AVNIR2 -RGB241(10m), thu nhn ngy 20 thng 8 nm 2009 - nh Hu H 1. T VN :

Tai bin a cht ni chung, tai bin trt l, st l ni ring t lu c ghi nhn l mt trong nhng him ha c tnh cht ton cu. S pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin a l (GIS Geographic Information Systems) v Vin thm cung cp nhng cng c hu hiu cho vic lp bn chuyn . c bit, trong thnh lp bn nguy c st l t, vic ng dng GIS v Modun SINMAP (Stability Index Mapping) s to gii php hiu qu trong thnh lp bn v qun l cc thng tin v hin trng st l mt cch y , bao qut v khoa hc [1]. ng thi vic thit lp h thng cnh bo sm c th a ra cc d bo v cc nguy c c kh nng st l cao nhm c nhng gii php thch hp hn ch cc thit hi ngi v c s vt cht do st l gy ra l mt iu ht sc cn thit. Do c im a hnh v tp qun canh tc trn t dc ca ngi dn, nn ti khu vc huyn Vn Canh - tnh Bnh nh thng hay xy ra st l cc cp khc nhau. Hin nay, cng tc phn tch st l t cho khu vc ny ang gp nhiu kh khn trong vic thu thp thng xuyn cc tham s phc v d bo v tr c kh nng xy ra st l t [3]. Bi bo nhm gii thiu gii php ng dng d liu vin thm quang hc AVNIR2 v nh radar Palsar cung cp d liu phc v cng tc xy dng bn nguy c st l t s dng cng nghGISv m hnh SIMAP (Stability Index Mapping). Gii php xut c kh nng p dng hiu qu trong cng tc cnh bo sm xc nh hin trng v ng gi nguy c st l p ng nhng yu cu qun l v gim st st l trn a bn tnh Bnh nh.

2.PHNG PHP THC HIN: 2.1. nh v tinh c s dng:st l t thng xy ra vo cc thi k ma ln, bu tri ph y my do vic s dng nh vin thm quang hc thng gp nhiu hn ch. p ng nhu cu gim st thng xuyn v phn tch chit trch thng tin lin quan t nh thu nhn gn thi gian thc (near real time) vic s dng nh Radar thng c kt hp vi nh quang hc. nh vin thm quang hc AVNIR2 ( phn gii 10m) c th

nghim s dng kt hp vi nh radar Palsar ( phn gii 6,5m) da trn phng php gp nh (Fusion) cung cp d liu phc v cng tc xy dng bn nguy c st l t, s dng cng nghGISv m hnh SIMAP trong khoanh vng st l theo nhiu cp khc nhau. 2.2. Phng php to nh fusion:

Quy trnh k thut to nh Fusion th hin hnh 2, bao gm cc bc sau: tin x l v nn chnh hnh hc nh theo cng h tham chiu. S dng 4 thut ton (GSF, PCF, IHSF v BF) trn (gp nh) nhm to ra nh fusion ph hp nht cho cng tc gii on v trch xut cc thng tin hu ch. Kt qu chi tit th hin hnh 4 cho thy: Phng php Gram Smith (GSF) v phng php thnh phn chnh (PCF) c kt qu kh tng ng nhau, nhng hnh nh thc hin trn phng php GSF th hin cc vn st l trn nh tng i r nt hn. i vi phng php IHSF trong trng hp ny cho kt qu khng tt so vi thc t yu cu, nn khng c chn cung cp thng tin.Tng t i vi phng php Brovey (BF) nh fusion nhn c khng th hin r cc i tng trn nh, nhng li th hin r thng tin v cc vt c kh nng l vt st l trn nh rt r. Nu ngi s dng c kinh nghim gii on nh tt, c th thu c thng tin v cc vt st l mt cch y (trn nh) xc nh hin trng st l cho khu vc. (K sau: Xy dng c s d liu GIS phc v phn tch st l ) HU H

TI LIU THAM KHO 1. Nicola Casagli. I Filippo Catani, I Chiara Del Ventisette, I Guido Luzi. Monitoring, prediction, and early warning using ground-based radar interferometry, Springer-Verlag, 2010 2. Nguyn Quc Khnh, Landslide hazard assessment in Muong Lay, Vietnam Applying GIS and Remote sensing, Trng i hc Greifswald- c, 2009. 3. Bi Nguyn Lm H v L Vn Trung, S dng GIS v m hnh SINMAP thnh lp bn him ho st l t thnh ph Lt, Tp ch KH&CN, 2011. 4. Ivaca Milevski,Application of Remote sensing and GIS detection of potential Lanslide areas, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Republic Macedonia, 2008. 5. Nick Rengers,Remote sensing and GIS applied to mountain hazard mapping, Spain (1992). 6. Suree Teerarungsigul,Landslide prediction model using Remote sensing, GIS and field geology: A case study of Wang Chin district, phrae province, Northern Thailand (2007). 7. Nora Tasetti, Use Remote sensing data and GIS technology for assessment of Landslide hazards in Susa valley, Italy, 2008. 8. Erna S. Adiningsih, I. R. Permana, Model landslide risks based on complementary use of satellite and spatial data. In proceeding of JAXA RESTEC Conference in Jakarta on August, 16th, 2006. 9. R.T. Pack, Terratech Consulting Ltd, A stability index approach to terrain stability hazard mapping (SINMAP), Utah State University. Nicola Casagli. I Filippo Catani, I Chiara Del Ventisette, I Guido Luzi. Monitoring, prediction, and early warning using ground-based radar interferometry, Springer-Verlag, 2010 Nguyn Hu H , L Vn Trung , Tng Phc Hong Sn (Cp nht ngy 20-122011) http://stnmt.binhdinh.gov.vn/newsdetail.php?newsid=343&id=4

Nghin cu ng dng GIS trong nh gi phm vi thch nghi mt s nhm ging la chu mn c trin vng ca Sc Trng
ABSTRACT

There was a great difference in rice yield and varieties distribution used among SocTrang province, some villages are suitable with a specific rice variety, but unsuitable in other area. The reason could be the differences of soil, saline and water regime, and social conditions. The question is how to locate the suitable area for developing or distributing of a variety in an area which highly suitable, and also extrapo late a suitable technology to the other area based on physical, social, and environmental conditions. GIS (Geographic Information System) has been known to develop a powerful set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving at will, transforming, and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes. It has been known as a powerful tool to understand spatial data analysis and thus this tool is recently applied to agricultural sector as well. GIS may play an important role to solve a spatial difference based on different sites and factors. Thus, this tool has been applied to evaluate and locate the suitable area for developing the promissing rice variety within SocTrang province based on soil, water regime, environment and social conditions. It may determine difference among province and clarify a constraint and limitation for high rice yield production of a variety which would be introduced to a strategy for high yield production in the rice plant. Two methods of suitability evaluation have been developed and recommended and both gave good results on locating the suitable and unsuitable of rice variety in the province, in which method of weighting grade is mostly fixed with field situations. Key word: GIS, rice, yield, spatial analysis TM TT Vic nh gi kh nng v phm vi ng dng ca cc ging la c trin vng trong tnh l cng vic cn thit v thng xuyn ca ngnh nng nghip, cng vic ny trc y v hin nay c thc hin hu nh mang tnh cm tnh hoc da trn kinh nghim c th chn c vng c kh nng pht trin cc ging la gp phn tng nng sut, sn lng la c cht lng cao. Cng vic ny s gp nhng tr ngi khi c nhng thay i v chnh sch, iu kin x hi c bit l iu kin t nhin trong bi cnh bin i kh hu ton cu nh hin nay th vic chn la cc vng c kh nng canh tc hoc pht trin cc ging la ph hp s gp kh khn. Do , vic nghin cu ng dng GIS trong nh gi phm vi thch nghi mt s nhm ging la c trin vng di tc ng ca xm nhp mn ca Sc Trng l cn thit. Nghin cu ny c thc hin qua hai phng php: phng php yu t gii hn v phng php tham s. Kt qu cho thy c hai phng php u c nhng u im cng nh hn ch ring, phng php tham s th hin c mc nh hng ca tng yu t nhng li khng th hin c yu t gii hn ca vng nghin cu nhng phng php yu t gii hn li ch ra c nhng kh khn hn ch . Kt qu nghin cu ch ra tng nhm ging la chu mn khc nhau s thch nghi vi tng vng t khc nhau ca Sc Trng v xut gii php cho cc hn ch ca tng vng vic canh tc la ngy cng t c hiu qu cao hn. Qua y cng cho thy k thut GIS l mt cng c v cng hiu qu v hu ch cho vic phn vng thch nghi c nhanh chng hn. 1. 1. T VN :

Nng nghip ng vai tr ht sc quan trng i vi ngi dn. Tuy nhin ngnh nng nghip ca Tnh ngy cng ng trc nhiu p lc, nh thin tai, ch hi, c bit v

vic dn s ngy cng tng cng to p lc i vi nng nghip ca Tnh. Do , vic lai to ra cc ging la cho nng sut cao, phm cht tt l yu cu cp thit v xuyn sut trong qu trnh nghin cu v lai to ra cc ging la mi p ng c yu cu c nc ni chung v Tnh Sc Trng ni ring. Tuy nhin, khi to ra c nhng ging la t yu cu th vic la chn v a ra canh tc ngoi thc t l khu cui cng v ht sc quan trng. Do , Gis l mt cng c hiu qu v ng vai tr khng nh trong vic nh gi v xc nh phm vi thch nghi ca cc ging la i vi iu kin t nhin cng nh x hi ca vng. 1. 2. PHNG TIN PHNG PHP:

2.1 Phng tin Bn n v t ai tnh Sc Trng nm 2008. c tnh t nhin ca cc ging la trin vng. Phn mm Idrisi, MapInfo, Excel, 2.2. Phng php: Bc 1: S dng phn mn Irisiw chng lp cc bn n tnh v iu kin t nhin hin c cho ra bn n v t ai. Bc 2: Da v vic tuyn chn v thc nghim cc ging la mi tuyn chn ra cc ging la trin vng i vi iu kin t nhin ca Sc Trng. Bc 3: Cn c theo kh nng chu mn ca cc ging la phn loi cc nhm ging la trong vng. Bc 4: nh gi thch nghi cho cc nhm ging la trin vng c phn loi trn theo hai phng php: Phng php tham s v phng php yu t gii hn. Bc 5: So snh tng hp t hai phng php cho ra kt qu cui cng. 1. 3. KT QU THO LUN:

3.1. Chn la c mt s nhm ging la trin vng

Da vo cc khuyn co cng nh sn xut th trong mt vi ni Tnh Sc Trng chn lc ra c 11 ging la trin vng trn vi nhng c tnh c bn c lit k ti bng 3.1. y l nhng ging la c kh nng thch nghi tng i rng v nng sut cng kh n nh. Tuy nhin nhng ging la ny cn kh mi so vi ngi dn Sc Trng do , cn c khuyn co v hng dn trong qu trnh canh tc. 3.2 Phn cp thch nghi cc nhm ging la trin vng ca Sc Trng Da vo c tnh v kt qu nh gi tnh chu mn ca 11 nhm ging la trin vng do trung tm nghin cu ging cy trng m cc nhm ging la ny c chia thnh 3 nhm: Nhm ging la chu mn km: OM5976, OM 8923, OM 5472. Nhm ging la chu mn trung bnh: OM4900,OMCS 2009, OM 6162, MTL 547. Nhm ging la chu mn cao: OM 5464, OM 4218, OM 6677, MTL 576. Vic phn cp thch nghi ca cc nhm ging la vi tng c tnh ca t ai c th hin qua bng 3.2, bng 3.3 bng 3.4:

3.3. nh gi phm vi ng dng ca cc nhm ging la 3.2.1 Phng php yu t gii hn So snh s thch nghi ca cc nhm ging la vi cc yu t c nh gi. Xc nh tng thch nghi i vi tng n v t ai (v) bng yu t c cp thch nghi thp nht. Qua phng php ny kt qu cho thy: Nhm ging la chu mn km c kh nng chu mn khng cao v b nh hng bi cc yu t t nhin khc t l n v t ai c cp thch nghi S3 l 66,7%, S2 l 33,3 % v khng c cp thch nghi S1. Nhm ging la chu mn trung bnh c cc t l: S3: 48,2%, S2: 51,8%, S1: 0%. Nhm ging la chu mn cao S3: 29,6%, S2: 70,4%, S1: 0%.

nh gi bng phng php ny khng thu c cc n v c kh nng thch nghi S1, v v c phn cp theo yu t c cp thch nghi thp nht, nn hu ht cc v b hn ch bi kh nng ti, nhim mn v loi t. 3.2.2 Phng php tham s Phng php ny xc nh tng thch nghi ca tng v bng cch tnh tng s im ca cc yu t c gn nhng gi tr da theo mc nh hng. ngh cho im cc yu t chun on c tng hp li qua Bng 3.5

Cn c v bng cho im Hunh Ngc Vn (2005), xut thang im i vi cc cp thch nghi nh sau Vng thch nghi cao S1 > 27 im. Vng thch nghi trung bnh S2 = 24-27im. Vng km thch nghi S1 < 24 im. Do phng php ny c u im l nh gi kh chnh xc mc ca tng yu t, tuy nhin to ra thang im i hi cn b quy hoch phi c kinh nghim v kh nng chuyn mn cao mi c th a ra c thang im chun xc. Nhn chung c hai phng php u c u v khuyt im ring. Tuy nhin kt hp c hai phng php v nh gi th s cho ci nhn chun xc v ton din hn. Bng 3.6 v 3.7 th hin s khc bit v kt qu ca hai phng php. Qua , tip tc chng lp hai bn hin trng xy dng c mi phng php i chiu vi cc yu cu ca cy la v c tnh ca t ai cho ra bn hin trng v khuyn co v phm vi ca cc nhm ging la.

Kt qu ca vic tng hp ny rt ph hp vi nhng nhn nh trn do lm r phng php yu t gii hn do ch phn nh c yu t cn hn ch ca vng nn din tch thch nghi khi tng hp c nhiu khc bit v phng php tham s c u th hn trong vic phn vng thch nghi cho cc nhm ging la do kt qu t c ch c khc bit rt nh mt s huyn ca tnh Sc Trng. Do , kt qu nhn c ch cn c ch yu phng php tham s v c nhng khc bit c th nh nhm ging la chu mn km th phn din tch thch nghi c thay i nhng huyn M T, Thnh Tri v Ng Nm. Phn din tch ny gim cp thch nghi cao v tng thm cp km thch nghi c th huyn M T bng phng php tham s th din tch thch nghi S1 l 24.256,75 ha, S2 l4.653,5 ha v S3 l 10.560,5 ha nhng khi tng hp kt qu gia hai phng php tham s v yu t gii hn th ch cn 23.660,25 ha cho S1, 4.653,5 ha cho S2 v 111.57 ha cho cp thch nghi S3. Cn huyn Thnh Tr th kt qu ca phng php tham s l S1 l 7.500,25 ha, S2 l 7.570,5 ha v S3 l 4.729,5 ha nhng khi tng hp li th nhng din tch ny c nhng thay i nh sau S1 l 7.436,25 ha, S2 vn l 7.570,5 ha v thch nghi km S3 tng ln l 4.793,5 ha, huyn Ng Nm cng c nhng thay i tng t nh vy. nhm ging la chu mn trung bnh cng c thay i nhng mc rt nh cc hai huyn M T v Ng Nm. Huyn M T sau khi tng hp li th ch c nhng khc bit

 cp thch nghi S2 l 4.776,05 ha gim so vi phng php tham s l 0.7 ha, v phn din tch gim ny cng chnh l phn din tch tng ln cho cp thch nghi km l 10.423,7 ha cn huyn Ng Nm th s khc bit ny ch mc khong 2 ha. nhm ging la chu mn cao th phn din tch khi tng hp khng c thay i no so vi kt qu ca phng php tham s. Qua vic tng hp cho thy ci nhn ton din hn v cng nh nhn nh c nhng khc bit t hai phng php. S tng hp ny c th hin Hnh 3.9, Hnh 3.10 v Hnh 3.11, cho kt qu c th ng vi ba nhm ging la chu mn km chu mn trung bnh v chu mn cao.

1. 1.

KT LUN

Da vo bn phn vng thch nghi cho cc nhm ging la chu mn sau khi chng lp kt qu ca hai phng php a ra c khuyn co: Cc nhm ging la chu mn km c th c canh tc nhng vng c iu kin t nhin thun li nh Huyn K Sch, Huyn Ng Nm v pha Ty Bc ca Huyn M T, tuy cc ging ny kh nng

thch nghi khng rng bng hai nhm cn li nhng phm cht ht go tt hn. Cc ging la chu mn cao c th canh tc nhng vng b nh hng, kh khn nh Long Ph, Ty Nam M T v Pha Bc Huyn M Xuyn. Nhm ging la chu mn trung bnh b tr trng nhng vng cn li. Ti liU tham kho B Mn Khoa hc t v Qun l t ai kt hp vi s Nng nghip v PTNT Bc Liu, y ban Nhn dn huyn Gi Rai (2000), tin hnh cuc iu tra, kho st t, nh gi kh nng thch nghi t ai v a ra cc phng n quy hoch t ai cho vng la tm huyn Gi Rai, Tnh Bc Liu. Hunh Ngc Vn (2005), Xy dng h thng qun l c s d liu v phng php nh gi kh nng ng dng ca Ging la cao cn Tnh Sc Trng bng h thng thng tin a l GIS. Kim Hng Phng, 2002, Xy dng cc yu cu s dng t ai s dng trong ngoi suy m hnh La Tm Huyn M Xuyn Tnh Sc Trng bng k thut GIS. Nguyn Trng Thut (2008), nh gi ti nguyn t ai v phn vng thch nghi cho pht trin la cao sn Tnh Tr Vinh. Khoa Nng Nghip v Sinh hc ng dng, i hc Cn Th. V Quang Minh, 2004. nh gi kh nng ng dng m hnh la Tm trong huyn M xuyn,Sc trng. B mn Khoa hc t v QL-Khoa Nng nghip, i hc Cn Th. http:www.soctrang.gov.vn/ http://home.vnn.vn/giong_lua_moi_cua_vien_lua_dbscl-33554432-627196841-0 [1] Khoa Mi Trng & Ti Nguyn Thin Nhin, H Cn Th [2] Trung Tm Ging Cy Trng Tnh Sc Trng.
Nhm tc gi: Trn Th Ngc Trinh[1], Hunh Ngc Vn[2], V Quang Minh1 , Quch Phng Tho1 Ngun: http://vietan-enviro.com