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CN Ch bin du nhn
10/15/12
CN Ch bin du nhn
D ha tan trong du v khng phn ng vi du. Khng hoc t tan trong nc. Khng nh hng n tc dng nh ha ca du.
1.1 C ch phn ng oxy ha du: c ch gc qua 3 giai on Khi mo: xy ra chm v i hi nng lng
RH + O2
R* + HO2*
ROOH + R*
Kt thc:
R* + R* R-R ROO* + R* ROOR ROO* + ROO* R,O + R,,OH + O2
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CN Ch bin du nhn
S c mt ca cc ion kim loi l tc nhn cho qu trnh pht trin mch v khi mo. Giai on khi mo:
M(n+1)+ + RH Mn+ + O2 Mn+ M(n+1)+ + H+ + O2* + R*
+ ROO* + RO*
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CN Ch bin du nhn
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CN Ch bin du nhn
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CN Ch bin du nhn
Cht c ch gc t do:
ROO*
Bng phn ng:
RH
ROOH
+ R*
ROO*
Hp cht phenol
+ InH
ROOH
In*
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Loi ph gia
Tn ph gia
Cng thc ha hc
CH3 OH CH3 C CH3 CH3
OH H3C CH3 C(CH3)3
CH3
C CH3
CH3
(CH3)3C HO (CH3)3C
OH (CH3)3C CH2 OH
C(CH3)3
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CH3
CH3
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RH +
2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol k2
R* + O2 ROO*
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+ ROOH
O*
O + ROO* *
O Heat OOR
+ RO* + CH3* O
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OH
+ CH3 CH3
+ CH3 CH2
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Loi ph gia
Tn ph gia
Cng thc ha hc
H R N R
Diankylphenylamin
H R N R
Phenyl Alphanaptylamin
H N
H3C
CH NH
CH3
Diamin thm
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H3C
HN CH CH3
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NO2 + H2
Nitrobenzen
catalyst
NH2
Anilin
H
Catalyst
NH2
Anilin
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N
Diphenylamin
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H N
C4 + C8 olefin C4, C8
H N
C4, C8
C9 olefin + Styren
H
C9
H
C9 St, C8
C8, St
H N
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H N
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N*
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ROO*
N ROO*
R +RO*
ON +
R OOR
N=O+O
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OR N* + R
OR R N + *
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H R N R +
R C=O R
120oC
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OH R N + ROO* O* R N R + ROOH R + R C = CR R
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N*
O* H
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H R N R R N* R
O*
OH
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CH3
CH3
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CH2
CH2
Dibenzyl sulfide
OH R (S)x HO Dialkylphenol sulfide
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C ch ph hy peroxit ca alkylsunfit
ROOH R S R -ROH R" R' C S R H2C H O RSOH + H2C = CR'R" ROOH - ROH RH + SO2 ROOH - ROH
RSO3H ROSO3H H2O Decompose more hydroperoxides H2SO4 ROOH ROOR R2C=O
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O S R S R N R C S R S S R C N R R N C S C C C C O Dithiocarbamate ester R O R C O R
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C ch ph hy peroxit ca alkylphosphite
O*
O*
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H2S
Zn
H2O
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S Zn + R,OOH (RO)2PS
2
Zn4O
R,OH
S + (RO)2PS
2
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+ R,OO*
S 2 (RO)PSH + R,OOH
R,OH
H2O
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S + R,OO* R,OO-
+ (RO)2PSZn+ + (RO)2PS*
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S P S Zn S
OR OR
OR + 2 RO2+ Zn2+
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Vai tr:
Hp ph ln cc cn bn v li ko chng ra khi b mt m chng bm dnh, gi chng trng thi l lng trong khi du.
Hp cht: l cc hp cht c kim c cc. Cc kim loi thng dng l Ca, Mg, Na, Ba. C 4 h ph gia ty ra: Sunfonat. Phenolat. Salixylat.
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Photphonat.
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R
SO3Na +H2O R
SO3 Ca + 2NaCl R
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2
+ CaCl2
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O O M O S O R
CO2
CN Ch bin du nhn
O
++
++
S O O S O
O Ca O
+ +
+
M
+
M
++
M (MCO3)n M M M
++
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CH2O OH
R Alkyl phenol
M Y
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Alkylphnol
OH
R
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R
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R CO2
OH
O C
O MCO3 O M O C
OH
R
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M = Ca, Mg
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R
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2.4 Ph gia ty ra hn hp Hn hp ca: Phenol sunfurit v salixylat Phenol sunfurit v sunfonat Mi hn hp th hin tnh cht ca cc hp cht ring l.
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M O
Metal phosphonate
Metal thiophosphate
Metal thiopyrophosphate
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S P R O OH M O
S P OH R R1 or S R R R
R R R R R1 P O O O
S O OH M O P OH R R1 CO2 S P OH R R1
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R R R
x MCO3 O OH M O
R R R
3.1 Chc nng: Ngn nga hoc lm chm qu trnh to cn v lng ng trong iu kin hot ng nhit thp.
Lm yu lc cu kt gia cc tiu phn ring bit vi nhau, to iu kin lm tan r cc kt ta xp v cc khi kt t tng tiu phn c th tn ti nh mt thc th ring.
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3.2 c trng: L cc polyme hu c C cha nhm O hoc N Khng cha kim loi. ph gia khng tro. Tn ti di 3 dng:
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Nhm ni
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3.3 C ch hot ng
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3.4 Ph gia ankenyl polyamin suxinimit Tng hp ph gia ankenyl polyamin suxinimit Giai on 1: tng hp ankenyl suxinic anhydrit (PIBSA):
O O O Maleic Anhydride Polyisobutylene
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CN Ch bin du nhn
3.4 Ph gia ankenyl polyamin suxinimit Giai on 2: trung ha bng 1 polyamide to succinimide
O R O + H2N - (CH2CH2NH)x - NH2 O PIBSA Polyamine R O
N - (CH2CH2NH)x - NH2
+ H2O
Mono succinimide
O N O R
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3.5 Ph gia ester Succinate: Este succinate: C ch hot ng: nh succinimide u nhc im: Km bn nhit so vi succinimide Kh nng phn tn km hn succinimide c s dng hn hp vi succinimide
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3.6 Ph gia ankenyl polyamin phenol: Tng hp ph gia ankenyl polyamin phenol:
OH OH
+ Polyisobutylene (PIB)
Acid
PIB Polyisobutylphenol
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NH2
OH CH2 N H
H N
OH N H CH2
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PIB
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H2O
S Polyisobutenyl P OH OH or Polyisobutenyl
S P OH OH
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OCH2CH
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N
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Alkyl Methacrylate
CH3 C CH2
CH3
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CH
CH2 O
CH C NH
CH C OR O n
N R
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R
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CH2 CH C O
n
CH2 C C O O R n
R
n
R n
Polyacrylate
Polymethacrylate alkyl
CH O C O CH3
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CH2 O
n
CH CH C C O O R
m
CH
CH2 O R
n
CH CH C C O O R
m
R O
R O
CN Ch bin du nhn
O C O
R R R
C O
O R
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4.3 nh hng ca PPD n kh nng hot ng nhit thp ca du PPD khng lm thay i im vn c ca du
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5.1 c tnh:
L cc polyme (c trng lng phn t ln v mch di) tan c trong du c tc dng lm gim s thay i nht ca du theo nhit .
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CH2
CH CH3
m
Copolyme etylen-protylen
Polyisobutylen
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CH O C OR
m
CH3
C C OR
CH2 O
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CH3 C C OR CH2 O
n
CH C OR O
CH C OR O
m
CH3 C C OR CH2 O
n
CH O C N R
CH C O
m
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6.2 C ch ph bt ca ph gia
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6.2 C ch ph bt ca ph gia
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6.2 C ch ph bt ca ph gia
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6.2 C ch ph bt ca ph gia
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6.3 c trng ca ph gia: Ha tan t trong du: hp cht c cc ha tan phn tn trong du: c nhnh di
C sc cng b mt nh hn so vi du
6.4 Cc hp cht ph bin: polymetylsiloxan
CH3 H3 C Si CH3
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R1 O Si R2 O
n
CH3 Si CH3
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CH3
CN Ch bin du nhn
7.1 Vai tr ca ph gia th ng ha kim loi: Hp ph ln b mt kim loi to thnh mt mng bo v, ngn cn hot tnh xc tc.
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N N N
HO N CH2 CH2 N CH
N - salixilidenetylamin OH CH
H benzotriazole
N, N - disalixilidenetylamin
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8.1 Vai tr ca ph gia c ch g: Ngn cn s tip xc ca nc vi b mt kim loi (hp ph trn b mt kim loi v tc dng nh mng ngn chng m)
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H19C9
C9H19
Ca2+
OO Zinc naphthenates
Zn2+
2
SO3-
dinonylnaphthenesulfonates
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CH CH2
C C O
OH OH
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9.1 Vai tr ca ph gia c ch n mn: Cc ph gia ny hp ph ln b mt kim loi to thnh mt mng bo v. Mng bo v ny s dnh cht ln b mt kim
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Limonene sunfua
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10.1 Vai tr ca cc ph gia tribologie: Gim mi mn cc chi tit c kh do tip xc: ko di thi gian lm vic ca thit b Gim ma st: tit kim nng lng, nhin liu Bin tnh ma st: ti u ha hot ng ca thit b (khi
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10.2 Cc ph gia tribologie: Ph gia chng mi mn (Antiwear Additives) Ph gia cc p (Extreme Pressure Additives) Ph gia bin tnh ma st (Friction Modifiers Additives)
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Ph gia phosphat
O O P O O
Triphenylphosphorothionate (TPPT)
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10.5 Ph gia bin tnh ma st: C ch hot ng ca ph gia cc p: xem gia hai b mt mt vt liu rn.
molybdenum disulfide
graphite
fluorinated graphite
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10.5 Ph gia bin tnh ma st: C ch hot ng ca ph gia cc p: Cho HPVL hoc HPHH bng cc hp cht c cc: Ru mch di
Amine, amide bo
Ester bo
Acide bo
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