Nhm 1 Nguyn Ngc Du Phng Ngc Don Trng Kin An

BO CO TH NGHIM VIN THNG

Bi: iu ch v gii iu ch FM iu ch FM (Fryquency Moducation: iu ch tn s) l iu ch theo phng thc lm thay i tn s ca tn hiu cao tn theo bin ca tn hiu m tn, khong tn s bin i l 150KHz. Sng FM thng pht di tn t 76MHz n 108MHz. Mch iu ch FM:

Vi mch iu ch tn s th sng mang c bin khng i, nhng tn s thay i theo bin ca tn hiu m tn, khi bin tn hiu m tn tng th tn s cao tn tng, khi bin m tn gim th tn s cao tn gim. Nh vy sng mang FM c tn s tng gim theo tn hiu m tn v gii hn tng gim ny l +150KHz v -150KHz, nh vy tn s sng mang iu tn c di thng l 300KHZ. I/ iu ch bng b VCO: VCO l mch dao ng c tn s c kim sot bng in p. Yu cu chung ca mch VCO l quan h gia in p iu khin v tn s ra phi tuyn tnh. u im ca mch l c n nh tn s cao, di bin i ca tn s theo in p vo rng, n gin d iu chnh v thun li cho vic t hp thnh vi mch. V nguyn tc c th dng mi mch dao ng l tn s dao ng c th bin thin trong phm vi 10% n 50% xung quanh tn s dao ng t do. Tuy nhin cc b dao ng to xung ch nht c s dng rng ri v loi ny c th lm vic trong phm vi tn s kh rng (t 1MHz n 100MHz). Trong phm vi 1MHz n 50MHz thng dng cc mch dao ng a hi.

Hnh 1

Hnh 2 T hnh 1 v 2: - ChA l tn hiu AUDIO c pht ra t b AUDIO OSCILLATOR. - ChB l tn hiu c iu ch FM pht ra t b VCO. - Khi ta vn nm f b AUDIO OSCILLATOR th tn s sng mang thay i.

II/ Gii iu ch FM: dng b PLL: Vng kha pha PLL l h thng vng kn hi tip, trong tn hiu hi tip dng kha tn s v pha ca tn hiu ra theo tn s v pha ca tn hiu vo. Tn hiu vo c th l dng tng t hnh sin hoc dng s.

S khi vng kha pha PLL Tch sng pha: so snh pha gi tn hiu vo v tn hiu ra ca VCO to ra tn hiu sai lch Vd(t). Lc thng thp: lc gn ca in p Vd(t) tr thnh in p bin i chm v a vo mch khuch i mt chiu. Khuch i mt chiu: khuch i in p mt chiu Vdk(t) a vo iu khin tn s ca mch VCO. VCO: b dao ng m tn s ra c iu khin bng in p a vo. Nguyn l hot ng: Vng kha pha hot ng theo nguyn tc vng iu khin m i lng vo ra l tn s v chng c so snh vi nhau v pha. Vng iu khin pha c nhim v pht hin v iu chnh nhng sai s nh v tn s gia tn hiu vo v ra ngha l PLL lm cho tn s fo ca tn hiu VCO bm theo tn s fi ca tn hiu vo. Khi tn s ca tn hiu ra bng tn s ca tn hiu vo th by gi s sai lch gia hai tn hiu ny ch cn l sai lch pha. B tch sng pha s tip tc so snh pha gia hai tn hiu iu khin VCO hot ng sao cho s sai lch pha ny l nh nht.

Di bt: l di tn s m tn hiu vo thay i nhng PLL vn t s kha pha. Ni cch khc y l di tn s m tn hiu vo ban u phi lt vo PLL c th thit lp ch ng b (kha). Di kha: l di tn s m PLL ng nht c tn s fo vi fi. Di ny cn gi l di ng chnh.

Hnh 3
ChB (sng trn) l tn hiu FM ly t b VCO. ChA (sng di) l tn hiu t b VCO c a vo b nhn tn khuch i tn hiu ln a vo b UTILITIES gii iu ch.

Hnh 4 ChB (sng trn) l tn hiu AUDIO c pht ra t b AUDIO OSCILLATOR. ChA (sng di) l tn hiu AUDIO c gii iu ch ly ra t b UTILITIES.

thu c tn hiu gii iu ch ging nh tn hiu gc ta phi iu chnh nm f b AUDIO OSCILLATOR v nm GAIN b VCO tn hiu vo nm trong gii bt v gii kha ca PLL.