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nh lut Okun
Khi sn lng thc t (Yt) thp hn sn lng tim nng( Yp) 2% th tht nghip s tng thm 2%.
Ut = Un +
Yp +Yt
* 50
Khi tc ca sn lng thc t cao hn tc tng ca sn lng tim nng 2.5% th tht nghip gim 1%
Ut = U-1 0.4(y-p)
2.
Yp
Tng cung AS Tng cu AD Hc trong ti liu (cc ch tiu SNA) h thng ti khon quc gia. H thng sn xut vt cht MPS
u t(I)
Tit kin (S): S=DI-C ( DI l thu thp kh dng) Thu (Tx) 2 loi ( thc thu (Td) v gin thu(Ti)) Chi chuyn nhng: Tr Chi mua hng ha v dch v chnh ph (G) chi cho tiu dng(Cg) v u t(Ig) Chi tiu Cp : G= Cg + Ig
Xut khu (X) nhp khu (M): NX= X-M Tin lng (W) Li nhun (Pr) Tin cho thu (R) Tin li (i)
7.1 Tnh GDP theo phng php sn xut. Gi tr gia tng VA ( GDP =VAi )
7.2 Tnh GDP theo PP phn phi.
n-1 Vtb =
Tc tng hng nm: phn nh phn trn thay i ca sn lng nm sau so vi nm trc. Vt = Ch tiu nm t ch tiu nm (t-1) /ch tiu nm (t-1) x100
9.
Tng sn phm quc dn : Sn phm quc dn rng: Thu nhp quc dn: Thu nhp c nhn: cho CP) Thu nhp kh dng:
GNP=GDP+NIA NNP=GNP-De NI=NNPmp-Ti PI=NI-Pr+Tr ( Pr li nhn gia li v np DI=PI-thu thu nhp c nhn.
1.
Thu nhp kh dng (Yd) Yd = Y-Tx+ Tr ( Chng ny gi nh nn kt ng ca v khng c chnh ph ) nn khng tn ti Tx v Tr : Yd=Y hay Yd=C+S vi ( C: tiu dung; S: tit kim)
2.
Cm =
Yd C S
Sm =Yd
Cm+Sm =
Yd + Yd
H qu: Cm+ Sm = 1
3. 4.
S = -C0 + (1-Cm).Yd H s (1-Cm) chnh l Sm C0 > 0 v 0< Cm<1 Hm u t theo sn lng : I = f(Y) u t bin)
5. 6.
Hm u t theo sn lng v li xut : I = f(Y,r) Tng cu: nn kinh t khng c chnh ph nn AD = C + S Vi C = Co + Cm.Yd = Co +Cm.Y I = Io + Im.Y
AD = (Co+Io) + (Cm+Im) .Y Hay AD = Ao + .Y hay AD = Ao + .Y
7.
Vi Ao : chi tiu t nh chi tiu bin (mc chi tiu m s thay i khng ph thuc vo s thay i sn lng) .Y chi tiu ng d (mc chi tiu m s thay i ca n do s thay i sn lng gy ra) Xnh sn lng cn bng: Y = AD c hai phng php xc nh sn lng cn bng.
8. Da vo th tng cu: AD = C+I+G+X-M Da vo th tit kim: I=S 9.
Trong : AD = C + I
k = 1- Cm - Im
hay k Sm - Im =
Gi T = Tx-Tr l thu rng khi Yd = Y-T Hm thu rng theo sn lng T ta c T=T0 + TmY Thu rng v hm tiu dng: Chng 3 ta c C=C0 + CmYd Nu khg c CP th C=C0 + CmY Nu c CP th Yd= Y-T, vi T=T0 + TmY Ta c C=C0 + Cm(Y-T) = C0 + Cm (Y- T0 + TmY) = C0 + CmY CmT0 CmTmY = (Co CmT0) + Cm (1- Tm)Y Hm nhp khu theo sn lng: M = Mo +Mm.Y 2. 3 phng php xc nh SLCB.
PP1: Trn th tng cu: Y=AD=C+I+G+X-M PP2: SLCB trn th bm vo rt ra : S+T+M = I+G+X PP3: SLCB trn th tit kim v u t: (S+Sg)+(M-X)=I +Ig 3. S nhn ca tng cu Y = KAD Trong : AD = C +I + G + X - M 1 K= 1- Cm(1-Tm)-Im+Mm 4. Chnh sch ngoi thng
Chnh sch gia tng xut khu: Khi XK tng them mt lng X th AD tng tng ng AD = X
Y= k. AD =k. X
i vi cn cn thng mi: Khi sn lng tng thm mt lng Y s lm cho nhp khu tng M = Mm. Y tc l M = Mm.k. X 5.
-
Chnh sch ti kha Yt<Yp: Y=Yp-Yt phi tng AD sao cho : AD= tng AD c 3 cch: Tng G v T khng i: G = AD
Y K
Gim T v G khng i: Chnh ph gim 1 lng thu l T nn thu nhp kh dng tng: Yd = -T => lm tng tiu dng h g : C = Cm. Yd=-CmT m C l nhn t trc tip tc ng n AD do AD = C = - Cm.T Vy:
- AD
-Y
T = Cm
= K.Cm
Kt hp T v G :