Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Relative Motion
Ground
Vp,g
Recap Vectors
Vectors have both a Magnitude and a Direction and are used to represent quantities in 2 or 3 dimensions Vector r has components (x,y) The magnitude (length) of r is found using the Pythagorean theorem: r x
1 The direction = tan
= r = 3D x
2
+ y
y
in r =
y x
+ y
+ z
Bx
Describe vectors in terms of their components (x,y,z) and the unit vectors [i,j,k] in the direction of the axes
Ax
r = xi + yj + zk
Physics 1301: Lecture 9, Pg 3
Note that we often write a vector as its components without the unit vectors A = (Ax,Ay)
Physics 1301: Lecture 9, Pg 4
Displacement r = (5m , 3m )
Magnitude r = x 2 + y 2 = 5.8 miles
Angle = tan 1 ( y / x ) = 31
Displacement r Ave. Velocity v = = time t
x=5
y=3
Page 1
3km
4km
N(y)
You come back to your starting point, therefore your average velocity is (0,0) You have hiked 12km in 6 hours, your speed is 2km/h
M(9am,8mi/h)
Physics 1301: Lecture 9, Pg 7
E(x)
R(10am,6mi/h)
N(y)
300
t cos = 4 .7
2 2
Robert
M(9am,8mi/h)
Meet in x coordinate
So Mary and Robert meet 2.24hours after 10am i.e. 12.14pm Roberts angle is
= cos 1 (
Meet in the y coordinate 6t sin = 8t 14.5 t sin = (8t 14.5) / 6 = 1.33t 2.41
Physics 1301: Lecture 9, Pg 9
2.16 ) = 15 N of E t
Reference frames
Things may look different in different reference frames Consider tractor on paper track In frame fixed to the paper, tractor is moving In frame fixed to the bench, tractor is stationary Velocity in a frame is the vector sum of The velocity in the second frame plus The velocity of the second frame relative to the first In the bench frame the tractors velocity is Velocity of tractor in paper frame + velocity of paper in the bench frame Physics is the same in all inertial frames, it doesnt matter if one has a constant velocity relative to the other. Principle of special relativity discovered by Einstein
Page 2
Relative Motion
Consider a problem with two distinct Inertial Reference Frames: An airplane flying on a windy day. day. A pilot wants to fly 120 miles N. She takes off from the airport at noon. Her plane has a compass and an airspeed indicator to help her navigate. The compass allows her to keep the nose of the plane pointing north. The air-speed indicator tells her that she is traveling at 120 miles per hour with respect to the air. air BUT the air is moving relative to the ground Her velocity relative to the ground will not be north and not be 120mph.
UIUC Physics 1301: Lecture 9, Pg 13
Relative Motion...
She thinks that the plane is moving north in the Reference Frame attached to the air: Vp, a is the velocity of the plane w.r.t. the air.
Air
Vp,a
Relative Motion...
But suppose there is a wind and the air is moving east in the Inertial Reference Frame attached to the ground. Va,g is the velocity of the air w.r.t. the ground.
Air
Relative Motion...
Vp,g is the velocity of the plane w.r.t. the ground.
Ground
Vp,a Va,g
Vp,g
She will not be flying due north but east of north and a higher speed relative to the ground.
Relative Motion...
Vp,g = Vp,a + Va,g Is a vector equation relating the airplanes velocity in different reference frames. Va,g Vp,a . Vp,a = 120 miles per hour N w.r.t. the air. Vp,g Va,g = 60 miles per hour E w.r.t. the ground. Vp,g = (0,120 mph) + (60 mph,0) = (60 , 120 ) mph
y x
60 120
= 27
Page 3
Relative velocity
If she wants to fly due North at 120 mph in a wind of 60mph to the East, her velocity Vp,a relative to the air must be: a) (0,120)mph b) (-60, 120)mph c) (-60,104)mph d)(60,120)mph Va,g Vp,a Vp,g If she wants to fly due north she will have to fly with velocity Vp,a at an angle West of North Vp,g = Vp,a + Va,g (0,120)mph = Vp,a + (60,0) mph
a=
dv (v1 v 2 ) = dt dt
v2
v1
y x
Vp,a = (-60,120)mph
Motion in a circle is a special case, the velocity around the circle is constant but there is a continual acceleration as the velocity vector changes direction A lot more in future lectures
Physics 1301: Lecture 9, Pg 20
Average Acceleration
A car is travelling East at 60km/h. It rounds a curve and 5s later it is travelling north at 60km/h. Find the average acceleration of the car.
Homework
Leave section 3-5 in Fishbane, we will cover circular motion later after we have done forces. Read chapter 4, sections 1 and 2 Next week we start forces. Good luck in the quiz
Aav =
v t
v = v f v i
aav = (60km / h) j (60km / h) i = t 5s aav = (3.3m / s) i + (3.3m / s ) j v f vi
vi = vi i vf = vf j
Note that the car accelerates even though the speed does not change
Physics 1301: Lecture 9, Pg 21 Physics 1301: Lecture 9, Pg 22
Page 4