Ni dung

Cc khi nim c bn

v mng my tnh

Trng Th M Trang

Email: ttmtrang@fit.hcmuns.edu.vn

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Mng my tnh l g? Lch s MMT Cc khi nim c bn M hnh mng hnh mng Cc thnh phn trong mng my tnh Cc ng dng mng

Thng 9 / 2007
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Mng my tnh l g?
Mng my tnh (computer network):
Nhiu my tnh kt ni vi nhau bng thit b truyn dn Lin lc v chia s ti nguyn

Mng my tnh l g? (tt)

Internet:
Mng ca mng L mng kt ni nhiu mng my tnh vi nhau thnh mt mng c kh nng truy cp ton cu

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Mng my tnh lm c g? - 1
Lin lc, trao i thng tin
ng tin cy (reliable) Cng bng (fair) Hiu qu (efficient) T 1 ng dng n cc ng dng khc

Mng my tnh lm c g? - 2
T pht hin v sa li
H d liu Mt d liu D liu truyn b trng D liu n ch khng ng th t

Chia s ti nguyn
Tp tin, th mc, My in, my fax,

T tm ng i ti u n ch

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Phn loi mng - 1

Theo phm vi (a hnh):
Mng cc b (LAN Local Area Network)
Kch thc nh (to nh, phng my, cng ty, ..) Tc cao, t li R tin

Phn loi mng - 2

Theo phm vi hot ng:
intranet extranet internet VPN

Mng th (MAN - Metropolean Area Network)

Nhiu mng LAN kt hp li C phm vi trong 1 qun, huyn, thnh ph Chm, nhiu li, chi ph cao hn LAN

Mng din rng (WAN - Wide Area Network)

Nhiu LAN, MAN kt hp vi nhau Phm vi quc gia, chu lc, quc t Chm, nhiu li, chi ph cao hn LAN, MAN

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Phn loi mng - 3

Theo chc nng:
Server Client (Server based):
Mt my c th l Client hoc Server Client: yu cu dch v Server: phc v cc yu cu t Client. Thng l my c cu hnh mnh Thun li: bo mt tp trung, d truy xut, backup Bt li: server t tin, ph thuc vo qun tr mng Mt my va l Client va l Server Khng cn server Thun li: r tin, d thit lp, bo tr Bt li: d liu b phn tn, kh nh v ti nguyn, tnh bo mt thp

Phn loi mng 4

Theo hnh mng (topology)
Bus Ring Star Mesh

Peer to peer:

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Phn loi mng 5

Theo phng tin truyn dn:
C dy Khng dy
Infrastructure Ad-hoc

Ni dung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Mng my tnh l g? Lch s MMT Cc khi nim c bn M hnh mng hnh mng Cc thnh phn trong mng my tnh Cc ng dng mng

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Lch s MMT
tng mm mng u tin l ca J.C.R. Licklider (MIT)

Lch s MMT (tt)

Khi u l mng ARPANET nm 1969
Xut pht t vic pht minh ra cng ngh chuyn mch mch gi ca Leonard Kleinrock (MIT) J.C.R. Licklider v Lawrence Robert 21/11/1969, mng ARPANET u tin kt ni 2 ni: Trng H California, Los Angeles v Vin nghin cu Stanford

"a network of such [computers], connected to one another by wide-band communication lines" which provided "the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval and [other] symbiotic functions. - J.C.R. Licklider

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Lch s MMT (tt)

T 1970s n 1980s:
ALOHAnet Telenet CyclaBITNET CSNET NSFNET .

Lch s MMT (tt)

1990s: nm bng n ca Internet
1990, ARPANET ng 1995, NSFNET ng Rt nhiu ng dng ra i
Email Web Instant message, ICQ Peer-to-peer file sharing

2000s: P2P, wireless, sensor, grid computing, VoIP,

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Ni dung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Mng my tnh l g? Lch s MMT Cc khi nim c bn M hnh mng hnh mng Cc thnh phn trong mng my tnh Cc ng dng mng

Kiu truyn
Unicast
T 1 im n 1 im
A

Broadcast
T 1 im n tt c cc im
A

Multicast
T 1 im n 1 s im qui nh trc
A C B

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Giao thc - 1
Con ngi
Hi Hi
Got the time?

Giao thc - 2
My tnh
TCP connection req. TCP connection reply. <request file>

Giao thc:
nh dng d liu trao i Th t thng tin truyn nhn gia cc thc th trn mng Cc hnh ng c th sau mi thng tin truyn i hoc nhn c VD: HTTP, TCP, IP, PPP,

2:00

<file>

Do cc t chc v hip hi xy dng: IEEE, ANSI, TIA, EIA, ITU-T

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Bng thng
Bng thng (bandwidth):
Lng thng tin c th truyn i trn 1 kt ni mng trong 1 khong thi gian L tng n v tnh: bit/s (bps), Mbps, Gbps, Bng thng thc t Nh hn nhiu so vi bng thng l thuyt Cc yu t nh hng:
Thit b lin mng Topology mng S lng user trn mng My tnh ca user, server

tr - 1
L thi gian tr ca 1 gi tin Cc nguyn nhn gy ra tr:
Tr do tc truyn (transmission delay) Tr trn ng truyn (propagation delay) X l ti nt (nodal processing) Hng i (queuing delay)

Thng lng (throughput):

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tr - 2
Tr do tc truyn (transmission delay):
L thi gian cn thit chuyn mch ht gi tin ln ng truyn Dtrans = L/R (s)
R = bng thng ca ng truyn (bps) L = chiu di gi tin (bit)

tr - 3

Tr trn ng truyn (propagation delay)

Thi gian truyn 1 bit t ni gi n ni nhn Dprop = d/c
d = chiu di ng truyn c = tc truyn (~ 2x10^8 m/sec - 3x10^8 m/sec)

V d: gi tin c chiu di L = 100bytes. ng truyn c bng thng R = 10 Mbps Dtrans = 100*8/(10*10242) s

X l ti nt (nodal processing): Dproc

Kim li bit Xc nh u ra (vd da trn a ch n.)

L thi gian x l header ca 1 gi tin v quyt nh chuyn mch gi tin theo hng no

Thng rt nh

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 tr - 4
Hng i: Dqueue
L thi gian gi tin ch c y ln ng truyn Ph thuc: s lng gi tin n trc n

tr - 5
V d 1: tnh thi gian truyn tin t node A sang node B bit:
Khong cch t A n B: 100km tc ng truyn 360.000km/h Trung bnh mi gi tin c kch thc 2MB Bng thng ca ng truyn: 100Mbps Mi gi tin cn 0.01s x l

Tnh:

Tng tr khi truyn 1 gi tin: D = Dproc + Dqueue + Dtrans + Dprop

Thi gian gi 1 gi tin. Gi s, ti thi im ang xt, hng i ca A l rng Thi gian truyn ht 6 gi tin ang ch trong hng i T=0, hng i ca A rng, v bt u nhn 3 gi tin cng lc. T=1(s), A nhn thm 2 gi tin na. Hi, ti t=0.1(s), bit u tin ca gi tin th nht ang v tr no v thi im B nhn ht gi tin th 5.

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tr - 6
Cc lnh dng kim tra thi gian tr
Ping Tracert Pathping netstat

Ni dung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Mng my tnh l g? Lch s MMT Cc khi nim c bn M hnh mng hnh mng Cc thnh phn trong mng my tnh Cc ng dng mng

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M hnh mng - 1
Core Layer

M hnh mng 2
Tng truy cp mng:
cung cp kt ni cho ngi dng cui truy cp mng Access Layer

Distribution Layer

Access Layer

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M hnh mng - 3
Tng phn tn:
Tch hp nhiu tng truy cp mng nh tuyn lung d liu Phn mng thnh nhiu vng broadcast/multicast chuyn mch i tn hiu gia cc loi mng Cung cp cc dch v bo mt, lc d liu, truy cp t xa

M hnh mng - 4
Tng li:
khung sn kt ni cc thit b tng phn tn Nhanh Khng thao tc trn cc gi tin Core Layer

Distribution Layer

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M hnh mng - 5
Khi thit k mng my tnh:
Phm vi Thi gian Vn tnh ton Kinh ph Nhn lc

Ni dung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Mng my tnh l g? Lch s MMT Cc khi nim c bn M hnh mng hnh mng Cc thnh phn trong mng my tnh Cc ng dng mng

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hnh mng - 1
hnh mng (network topology): Phn loi:
cch thc b tr ng truyn ni kt cc nt mng

hnh mng - 2
Dng bus:
cc node chia s chung 1 ng truyn

Cc kiu hnh mng:

hnh vt l : M t cch b tr ng truyn tht s hnh logic: M t con ng m d liu tht s di chuyn. Bus: cc thit b ni trc tip vo mt ng mng chung Star: cc thit b ni trc tip vo mt thit b chung Ring: cc thit b ni vi nhau to thnh vng trn Mesh: 2 thit b bt k c ni trc tip vi nhau Tree: cc thit b ni vi nhau thnh nhiu tng

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 hnh mng - 3
Dng sao (star)
Cc node lin kt vi nhau qua 1 node trung tm

hnh mng - 4
Dng vng (ring

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hnh mng - 5
Dng li (mesh)
Gia tng tin cy ca h thng C 2 loi:
mesh 1 phn (bn phn) mesh ton phn

hnh mng - 6
Dng cy (tree)

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Bus

Use of cable is economical. Media is inexpensive & easy to work with. System is simple and reliable. Bus is easy to extend.

Network can slow down in heavy traffic. Problems are difficult to isolate. Cable break can affect many users

Ni dung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Mng my tnh l g? Lch s MMT Cc khi nim c bn M hnh mng hnh mng Cc thnh phn trong mng my tnh Cc ng dng mng

Ring

System provides equal access for Failure of one computer can impact all computers. Performance is the rest of the network. Problems even despite many users. are hard to isolate. Network reconfiguration disrupts operation. Modifying system and adding new If the centralized point fails, the network fails. computers is easy. Centralized monitoring and management are possible. Failure of one computer does not affect the rest of the network. System provides increased redundancy and reliability as well as ease of troubleshooting. System is expensive to install because it uses a lot of cabling.
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Star

Mesh

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Cc thnh phn MMT

Bn ngoi mng:
Cc thit b u cui Cc phng tin truyn dn Cc thit b mng Cc ti nguyn mng: tp tin, my in,

Cc thnh phn MMT (tt)

Bn trong mng:
Giao thc Phng thc truyn d liu:
chuyn mch mch (circuit-switching): mi cuc gi chim dng ht vng bng thng c cp. VD: mng in thoi PSTN chuyn mch gi (packet-switching) d liu chuyn mch trn mng ri rc theo tng khc, gi l gi (packet) VD: mng my tnh

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Chuyn mch mch - 1

Chim trc ti nguyn cho mt cuc gi
Yu cu thit lp ng dn trc Bng thng, kh nng chuyn mch mch Ti nguyn dnh ring cho tng cuc gi- khng chia s Nhiu cuc gi c th nhp chung (multiplexed) trn cng mt ng truyn m bo khng b nghn mch

Chuyn mch mch - 2

4 cuc gi

FDMA
Tn s Thi gian

TDMA
Tn s Thi gian
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Khng s dng bng thng hiu qu nu d liu ri rc (hoc dy c nhng bit rate khng u) C 2 k thut: FDMA, TDMA
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Chuyn mch gi - 1
Mi lung d liu c chia nh thnh cc gi Cc gi tin chia s chung ti nguyn mng Mi gi s dng ton b bng thng Yu cu ti nguyn s dng va Mi gi c thm phn header lm tng kch thc d liu truyn
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Chuyn mch gi - 2
Cc dng chuyn mch gi:
Lu v chuyn mch tip (store and forward) Ct-chuyn mch (cut-through) Fragment-free

Bng thng b chia nh Cp pht ti nguyn ng k trc ti nguyn

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Chuyn mch gi vs chuyn mch mch

chuyn mch gi cho php nhiu ngi dng ng thi hn Rt ph hp cho d liu tc thi
Chia s ti nguyn (statistical multiplexing) n gin, khng thit lp trc ng truyn

Ni dung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Mng my tnh l g? Lch s MMT Cc khi nim c bn M hnh mng hnh mng Cc thnh phn trong mng my tnh Cc ng dng mng

Tt nghn: lm tr hay mt gi tin

Cn nghi thc truyn d liu tin cy, iu khin xung t tt nghn.

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Cc ng dng mng
DNS (Domain Name System): RFC1034, RFC1035 FTP (File Transfer Protocol): RFC959 Mail: RFC1521, RFC1522, RFC821, RFC1939 Remote Login, TELNET: RFC854 www (World Wide Web) Instant Message
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