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BO CO MN X L NH
ti: Tm hiu tc dng ca phn vng nh trong
phn tch nh. Trnh by v ng dng th nghim mt
k thut c th ca phn vng nh.
Bo co X l nh
Mc lc
I. Khi qut v phn vng nh................................................................................ 3
1.Mt s khi nim ............................................................................................ 3
2. Cc hng tip cn phn vng nh ................................................................. 3
3. Cc cng on chnh ca phn vng nh ........................................................ 3
4. Mt s phng php phn vng nh............................................................... 3
5. Mt s thuc tnh ca im nh v vng nh.................................................. 4
6. Tc dng ca phn vng nh trong phn tch nh ........................................... 5
II. Phn vng da trn x l ngng (bin ) (Thresholding) .............................. 5
1. Gii thiu chung v phng php phn vng theo ngng bin ................ 5
2. Phn vng vi ngng ton cc (Global thresholding)................................... 6
3. Phn vng vi ngng thch nghi................................................................... 8
4. Phn vng vi ngng ton cc ti u ........................................................... 9
III. ng dng th nghim .................................................................................... 12
1. Gii thiu v matlab ..................................................................................... 12
2. Kch bn....................................................................................................... 12
3. Thc hin ..................................................................................................... 13
4. Nhn xt....................................................................................................... 14
IV. Ti liu tham kho ......................................................................................... 14
Nhm 23
Page 2
Bo co X l nh
I. Khi qut v phn vng nh
1.Mt s khi nim
Gm 3 cng on sau:
- Tin x l nh ( nu c )
- Qu trnh phn vng nh ( thc hin da trn cc thut ton )
- nh nhn cho cc vng nh c phn tch v iu chnh nu cn
4. Mt s phng php phn vng nh
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Bo co X l nh
- Phn vng nh da trn phng php phn tch kt cu
5. Mt s thuc tnh ca im nh v vng nh
5.1. Mt s thuc tnh ca im nh
- ng u mc xm ca mt vng nh Rk :
E(Rk) =
1
( A(Pi) mi )2
card(Rk)PiRk
1
A(Pi)
card(Rk)PiRk
Pred(Rk) =
0,neuE(Rk)>c
Page 4
Bo co X l nh
Pred(Rk) = 0 th vng Rk l khng ng u
- Thuc tnh tn s, thuc tnh thng k, thuc tnh cu trc
6. Tc dng ca phn vng nh trong phn tch nh
Page 5
Bo co X l nh
Chng ta gi cc im nh trong g(x,y) c gi tr bng 1 l cc im nh
thuc vt th (hay vng nh chi tit), cc im c gi tr bng 0 s thuc vng nh
nn. Nu T ch ph thuc vo f(x,y) v khng thay i trong ton b qu trnh x
l nh th T c gi l ngng ton cc. Nu T ph thuc vo to khng gian
(x,y) ta gi T l ngng cc b. Nu ngng cc b T ph thuc vo p(x, y) hay
ni cch khc, T thay i theo tnh cht ca tng vng nh, ta gi mc T l ngng
thch nghi.
2. Phn vng vi ngng ton cc (Global thresholding)
Phng php phn vng theo ngng ton cc l phng php kh n gin,
khi vt th v nn c tch bng cch so snh vi mt mc ngng T. Mc
chnh xc ca phng php ny ph thuc vo tnh cht ca nh, v d: nu nh
c histogram c chia thnh cc vng r rt (cn gi l cc mode) th vic la
chn ngng s tng i d dng. Trn hnh a di y l nh scan ca vn bn,
y l loi hnh nh thng dng v tng i n gin. C th thy histogram ca
nh c chia thnh cc vng r rt (hnhc). Nh vy tch vng nh (cc ch
ci) khi nn mu xm, ta c th dng mc ngng T nm gia hai vng xm nh
trn hnh c.
Tt c cc im nh c chi thp s c gn mc trng, cc im nh c
chi cao (nn ca nh) c thay bng mc en. nh kt qu cho chng ta
hng ch trng trn nn mu en trn hnh b.
Nhm 23
Page 6
Bo co X l nh
Cch chn ngng nh trn da trn c s phn tch histogram ca nh
bng mt ngi quan st. c th xc nh ngng T mt cch t ng, chng ta
thc hin cc bc sau:
1- La chn mc ngng ban u T.
2- Dng T phn vng nh. Kt qu nhn c l hai nhm im nh:
nhm G1 c gi tr chi ln hn T, G2 c chi nh hn T.
3- Xc nh gi tr chi trung bnh m1 v m2 ca hai nhm im nh trn.
4- Xc nh gi tr ngng T mi bng:
=
1
(
2
Nhm 23
Page 7
Bo co X l nh
Nhm 23
Page 8
Bo co X l nh
( )+
( )
Nhm 23
Page 9
Bo co X l nh
( )=
( )
( )=
( )
( )=
( )
( )
(1)
Page 10
Bo co X l nh
.
( )=
( )
(2)
(3)
vi:
=0
= 2(
+2
ln (
Nhm 23
+
2
+
=
+
2
ln ( )
Page 11
Bo co X l nh
III. ng dng th nghim
1. Gii thiu v matlab
Page 12
Bo co X l nh
3. Thc hin
nh gc:
Nhm 23
Page 13
Bo co X l nh
4. Nhn xt
Nhm 23
Page 14