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Cu 1(2) 1. Mt hn hp A gm; Al2O3, MgO, Fe3O4, CuO. Cho kh CO d i qua A nung nng, sau phn ng thu c cht rn B. Ho tan cht rn B vo dung dch NaOH d thu c dung dch C v cht rn D. Cho dung dch C tc dng vi dung dch HCl d. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
2. Nu hin tng v gii thch. - Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na2CO3 - Dn kh CO2 ni chm qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 n d, sau cho tip dung dch Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch va thu c.
Cu 2(2)
Cu 3(2) 1. Cho 307 gam dung dch Na2CO3 tc dng va vi 365 gam dung dch HCl. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch mui c nng 9%. Tnh C% ca hai dung dch ban u? 2. Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm; K2O, BaCl2, KHCO3 v NH4Cl c s mol mi cht bng a(mol) vo nc sau un nh. Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c dung dch X. Vit phng trnh ho hc xy ra v xc nh dung dch X cha bao nhiu mol cht g? Cu 4(2)
1. Ch dng thm mt kim loi, hy trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit 4 dung dch ng ring bit trong bn l b mt nhn l: HCl, K2SO4, K2CO3, Ba(NO3)2. 2. Chn 4 cht kh tho mn s sau v hon thnh phng trnh ho hc. FexOy + ? --Fe + ?
Cu 5(2)
Ho tan 115,3 gam hn hp gm MgCO3 v RCO3 bng 500 ml dung dch H2SO4 long thu c dung dch A, cht rn B v 4,48 lt
kh CO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch A thu c 12 gam mui khan. Mt khc nung cht rn B ti khi lng khng i thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v cht rn C. 1. Tnh CM ca H2SO4 v khi lng cht rn B, C. 2. Xc nh nguyn t R. Bit trong hn hp t l nRCO 3 = 2,5 nMgCO 3 (Fe = 56; Mg = 24; Zn = 65; Ba = 137; Na = 23; C = 12; O = 16; S = 32; Al = 27)
H, tn th sinh: . .. S bo danh:
Ch k gim th 1: ....
C u 1
1,0
A tc dng vi CO d Fe3O4 + 4CO t 3Fe + 4CO2 t CuO + CO Cu + CO2 Cht rn B: MgO, Al2O3, Fe, Cu B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O Dung dch C: NaAlO2 v NaOH d Cht rn D: MgO, Fe, Cu. Dung dch C tc dng vi dung dch HCl d NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O NaAlO2 + H2O + HCl Al(OH)3 + NaCl Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O
0 0
2 Khi cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na2CO3 Lc u khng c kh thot ra HCl + Na2CO3 NaHCO3 + NaCl Sau c kh thot ra HCl + NaHCO3 NaCl + CO2 + H2O - Dn kh CO2 ni chm qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 n d Lc u c kt ta trng, sau kt ta tan n to dung dch trong sut CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O CaCO3 + CO2+ H2O Ca(HCO3)2 Khi cho tip dung dch Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch th li thy kt ta trng xut hin Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + 2H2O
-
0,25 0,25 2,0 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25
2 V M l mt nguyn t c s p = 13. Vy M l nguyn t Al. 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 NaAlO2 + H2O + HCl Al(OH)3 + NaCl 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O H2 + Cl2 2HCl 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 BaCl2 + 2H2O Al2(SO4)3 + 3BaCl2 2AlCl3 + 3BaSO4 dpnc 2AlCl3 2Al + 3Cl2 3 1 Gi s nng % ca dung dich axit l a% (a > 0)
2,0 1,0
nHCl = 100.36,5 = 0,1a (mol) Phng trnh ho hc 2HCl + Na2CO3 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O 0,1a 0,05a 0,1a 0,05a mdd sau phn ng = 307 + 365 (0,05a.44) = 672 2,2a Theo bi ta c
0,1a.58,5 x100% = 9% 672 2,2 Gii ra: a = 10 C%HCl = 10% 0,1.10.106 C%Na 2 CO 3 = 2.307 .100% = 17,26%
365.a
0,25 0,25
2 Khi ho tan hn hp vo nc xy ra cc phn ng: K2O + H2O 2KOH a 2a KHCO3 + KOH K2CO3 + H2O a a a NH4Cl + KOH KCl + NH3 + H2O a a a a BaCl2 + K2CO3 BaCO3 + 2KCl a a a 2a Khi un nng nh NH3 bay ra hon ton khi dung dch. Vy sau khi kt thc th nghim dung dch X ch cha 3a mol KCl 4 1 Ly mi cht mt t cho vo ng nghim, nh s th t lm mu th Dng kim loi Zn cho vo 4 ng nghim trn ng nghim no dung dch xut hin kh thot ra, ng nghim cha dung dch HCl Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 Ly dung dch HCl va nhn c nh vo 3 ng nghim cn li. ng nghim no cha mu c kh thot ra ng nghim cha K2CO3. K2CO3 + 2HCl 2KCl + H2O + CO2 Ly dung dch K2CO3 va nhn c nh vo 2 ng nghim cn li. ng nghim no thy xut hin kt ta ng nghim cha Ba(NO3)2 K2CO3 + Ba(NO3)2 BaCO3 + 2KNO3 Vy ng nghim cn li cha dung dch K2SO4. 2
0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 2,0 1,0 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25
1,0
FexOy + yH2 t xFe + yH2O t FexOy + yCO xFe + yCO2 2FexOy + yC t 2xFe + yCO2 t 3FexOy + 2yAl 3xFe + yAl2O3 - Cc PTHH: MgCO3 + H2SO4 MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 mol RSO4 + CO2 + H2O RCO3 + H2SO4 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 mol
0 0 0 0
- Theo bi ra: nCO = 22,4 = 0,2mol Theo PTHH (1,2) s mol mui sunfat bng s mol CO2 Nu ch c gc SO4 c s mol 0,2 m SO = 0,2.96 = 19,2( g ) > 12 (g) iu chng t trong dung dch A ch c MgSO4 (mui tan), RSO4 khng tan. - Mt khc, nung B thu c kh CO2 mui cacbonat cn d, axit ht. 0,2 = 0,4( M ) Theo (1,2) n H 2 SO4 = nCO2 = 0,2mol C M ( H 2 SO4 ) = 0,5
2 4
4,48
0,25
nCO
0,25
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca MgCO3 v RCO3 trong B. Nung B MgCO3 t (3) MgO + CO2 x x x (mol) t RCO3 (4) RO + CO2 y y y (mol) RSO4 t RSO4 (khng b nhit phn) 0,1 0,1 mol [mB = mhh mMgCO ( pu 1) mRCO ( pu 2) + mRSO ( pu 2) ] mB= 115,3 - (0,1.84) - 0,1(R +60) + 0,1(R + 96) = 110,5 (g) p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng, ta c: mC = mB - mCO = 110,5 - 0,5 . 44 = 88,5 (g) - Theo PTHH (1, 2, 3, 4), ta c : S mol MgCO3(b) = 0,1 + x, s mol RCO3(b) = 0,1 + y. Theo bi ra : (0,1 + y) = 2,5(0,1 + x) (5) Theo PTHH (3,4) v s mol CO2 ta c:
0 0 0
3 3 4
0,25
0,25
x + y = 0,5 - Kt hp (5,6) ta c h phng trnh: (0,1 + y ) = 2,5(0,1 + x) x = 0,1mol x + y = 0,5 y = 0,4mol Theo khi lng hn hp ban u ta c: 84. 0,2 + (R + 60). 0,5 = 115,3 R = 137 Vy R l kim loi Ba
(6) 0,25
0,25
Ghi ch: - Hc sinh lm cc cch khc, nu ng cho im tng ng. - Cc phng trnh ho hc c cht vit sai khng cho im, thiu iu kin phn ng hoc cn bng sai th tr mt na s im ca phng trnh . - Trong cc bi ton, nu s dng phng trnh ho hc khng cn bng hoc vit sai tnh ton th kt qu khng c cng nhn. - im ca bi thi lm trn n 0,25.