4.

1
CHAPTER 4
HYDROSTATIC CURVES

Ships may experience many loading conditions resulting in different draught and trim values. It is
important both for the designer and the operator that the underwater hull form characteristics for
different loading conditions are known for the safety and efficiency of the ship. These characteristics
are calculated for a number of waterlines covering all possible lodaing conditions for the particular
ship. These waterlines are taken parallel to the baseline but hull form characteristics for different
trim conditions can be calculed by some adjustments. The ship is assumed to be stationary in calm
water, hence the calculations are known as the hydrostatic calculations.

The results of the hydrostatic calculations are plotted with suitable scales and fair curves are drawn
through the plotted points. These curves are called the hydrostatic curves. The main hydrostatic
curves which should be included in any hydrostatic calculations are:

1. Sectional area curves (Bon Jean sectional area curves)
2. Sectional moment curves (Bon Jean sectional moment curves)
3. Volume and displacement (V and A) curves
4. Block coefficient (C
B
) curve
5. Midship section area coefficient (C
M
) curve
6. Prismatic coefficient (C
P
) curve
7. Waterplane area coefficient (C
WP
) curve
8. Waterplane areas (A
WP
) curve
9. Longitudinal centre of buoyancy (LCB) curve
10. Longitudinal centre of flotation (LCF) curve
11. Vertical centre of buoyancy (KB) curve
12. Transverse metacentric radius (BM) curve
13. Longitudinal metacentric radius (BM
L
) curve
14. Tons per centimeter immersion (T
1
) curve
15. Moment to trim one centimeter (M
T1
) curve
16. Wetted surface area (S) curve

Additional hydrostatic curves may include the change in displacement for one centimeter trim curve
and the moments of inertia in transverse and longitudinal directions.

The hydrostatic properties are calculated for a series of waterline levels upto the depth and presented
both in tabular and graphical forms. The depth scale is usually selected larger than the length scale
for a clear presentation.

The hydrodtatic curves represent an important document indispensable for all calculations
concerning the loading conditions and stability of the vessel. All curves are drawn up to a certain
scale. As different units appear, such as m (position of centres of buoyancy and flotation, radius of
metacentre,), m
2
(waterplane area, sectional area, ..), m
4
(moments of inertia), tm/cm (moment to
chang trim 1 cm) these units must be presented clearly. Usually the scale is shown alongside the
corresponding curve, in some cases the scales for the different quantities are shown underneath the
base of the graph.

4.2

The range of draughts to be covered by the hydrostatic curves depends on the difference of draughts
corresponding to the light ship displacement and the maximum draught in any practical loading
condition. To obtain a smooth and complete run of the curves, they are often calculated for each
waterline from baseline upto the highest waterline close to the deck level. For warships, fishing
vessels, and other non transport ship types, however, with relatively small difference of light ship
draught and loaded draught, the hydrostatic curves are calculated for the range of draughts occuring
during practical operation.

The use of hydrostatic crves is limited to parallel immersions or emersions of the vessel (parallel to
the design waterline). For small angles of trim we can assume that the volume of the immersed
wedge is equal to the volume of the emerged wedge. The displacement of the trimmed vessel is then
equal to that corresponding to the mean draught. For large angles of trim, however, the error will be
too large. In that case, we have to use another set of curves called Bonjeans curves which will be
explained in the following section.

4.1. BonJean Sectional Area Curves

A sectional area curve is the integral curve of a section, i.e. it shows the the area of the section upto
any draught level as shown in Figure 4.1. Thus a sectional area is given by

}
=
z
0
z
ydz 2 A
where y(z) are the half breadths.

Figure 4.1. Derivation of sectional area curve

The principal use of sectional area curves is determining displacement volume at any level or
trimmed waterline. In the case of a trimmed waterline, the trim line may be drawn on the profile of
Y
Y
X X
WL5



WL5



WL4



WL4



WL2



WL1



WL3



WL2



WL1



WL3



A
2
A
2
4.3
the ship and draughts read at which the Bonjean sectional area curves are to be entered. By
integrating the sectional areas along the length the displacement at any trimmed condition can be
calculated.

Bonjean sectional area curves are usually plotted from association station lines in the profile plan
against a common scale of draught as shown in Figure 4.2. A common horizontal scale is selected
for the areas which will provide a clear presentation. This arrangement is convenient for placing and
locating trim lines on the profile.

A useful design curve is the curve of sectional areas which is calculated by integrating the sectional
area of each section upto the waterline in question along the ship length, as shown in Figure 4.2.
The shape of the curve of sectional areas represent the distribution of buoyancy along the length.
The area under the curve of sectional areas is equal to the displacement volume upto the waterline
in question.




Figure 4.2. Curve of sectional areas















A
x
A
x
x

4.4

4.2. BonJean Sectional Moment Curves

Bonjean sectional moment values are determined by calculating the moment of sectional areas about
the baseline at each waterline level. The total vertical moment about the baseline may be found by
integrating the sectional moments along the length of the ship. The vertical height of cetre of
buoyancy, KB, can be found by dividing the total vertical moment by the displacement volume. The
vertical sectional moments are also useful in flooding calculations.




Figure 4.3. Sectional area and moment curves

4.3. Volume and Displacement Curves

The immersed volume for each waterline level is a measure of the volume of fluid displaced by the
ship while floating at a draught upto that waterline. The displacement volume can be calculated in
two different manners:

by integrating the sectional areas along the ship length

} } }
= = V
L
0
T
0
L
0
ydxdz 2 Adx
by integrating the waterplane areas along the depth direction

} } }
= = V
T
0
T
0
L
0
WP
ydxdz 2 dz A
The displacement is equal to the displacement volume times the density of water in which the ship
floats.

V = A
Sectional area curve
Sectional moment curve
4.5

The displacement volume calculated directly from the offsets is called the moulded displacement
volume. This value must be corrected by adding the volumes of the shell and appendages like bilge
keels, raudder, shafts, etc. to define the total displacement. This correction depends on the type of
the ship but is usually around 0.006V - 0.020V

The volume and displacement curves are plotted from the aft perpendicular on the left hand side of
the graph.

4.4. Block Coefficent (C
B
) Curve

The block coefficient is defined as the ratio of the displacement volume upto any waterline to the
volume of rectangular prism with length, breadth and mean draught of the ship at that waterline.
Thus.

T B L
C
WL WL
B
V
=

These curve indicates the change in fullness at different draughts. The curve is drawn from the AP
with a suitable scale which is usually the same for all other form coefficients.

4.5. Midship Section Coefficent (C
M
) Curve

The midship section coefficient at any draught is the ratio of the immersed area of the midship
section to that of a rectangle with breadth and draught of the ship at that waterline. Thus

T B
A
C
WL
M
M
=

The curve is drawn from the AP with the same scale of other form coefficients.

4.6. Prismatic Coefficent (C
P
) Curve

The prismatic coefficient gives the ratio between the displacement volume (V) and a prism whose
length equals the waterline length of the ship and whose cross section equals the midship section
area. Thus
M WL WL M WL
P
TC B L A L
C
V
=
V
=

The prsimatic coefficient is a measure of the longitudinal distribution of a ships buoyancy. If two
ships with equal length and displacement have different prismatic coefficients, the one with the
smaller value of C
P
will have the larger midship sectional area and hence a larger concentration of
the volume of displacement amidships.
The curve is drawn from the AP with the same scale of other form coefficients.


4.6

4.7. Waterplane Area Coefficient (C
WP
) Curve
The waterplane area coefficient is defined as the ratio between the area of the waterplane and the
area of a circumscribing rectangle. Thus
WL WL
WP
WP
B L
A
C =

The curve is drawn from the AP with the same scale of other form coefficients.

4.8. Waterplane Area (A
WP
) Curve
The waterplane area is required to determine the change in draught when small weights are loaded
and discharged. The waterplane area at a given height is
}
=
L
0
WP
ydx 2 ) z ( A
where y is the sectional offset values.
The waterplane areas must be calculated at a sufficiently large number of waterlines to allow a
well-defined curve to be drawn over the range of draughts covering the operational profile of the
ship.

4.9. Longitudinal Centre of Buoyancy (LCB) Curve
The position of buoyancy affects the stability and trim of a ship. LCB is the distance of the centre
of buoyancy from a specified transverse reference plane, usually the midship section, as shown in
Figure 4.4. In some cases LCB may be measured from the FP or AP, so the reference axis should be
specified in the drawing.

4.10. Longitudinal Centre of Flotation (LCF) Curve
The centroid of each waterplane is also the centre of flotation for that waterplane. A weight added
to a vessel at the centre of flotation would produce paralle sinkage, with no change of trim or heel.
The longitudinal position of flotation is required to calculate changes in draughts at bow and stern as
a results of changes in trim due to loading, discharging or shifting weights aboard the ship. It is
usually plotted with respect to midships along with the longitudinal centre of buoyancy as shown in
Figure 4.4.

Figure 4.4. LCB and LCF curves
LCB
LCF
4.7

4.11. Vertical Centre of Buoyancy (KB) Curve

KB is the height of the centre of buoyancy (B) from the baseline or keel (K). The height of buoyancy
affects the initial stability of the ship, hence it is one of the most important hydrostatic
characteristics. KB can be calculated in two different manners

- For each waterline the total moment of sections about the baseline is divided by the volume, or
- The total moment of waterplanes upto the level of the waterline in question

4.12. Transverse Metacentric Radius (BM) Curve

The transverse metacentric radius is the vertical distance between the centre of buoyancy (B) and the
transverse metacentre (M). It can be calculated as

V
=
I
BM

where I is the transverse moment of inertia of the waterplane area about the longitudinal centreline
and V is the displacement volume.
The height of the transverse metacentre above the baseline is called KM, which is found by adding
the height of the centre of buoyancy KB to the metacentric radius BM. Thus

KM=KB+BM

The curves of KB and BM are drawn with the same scale, thus the KM values can be read directly.






Figure 4.5. KB and BM curves


KM
KB BM
AP
FP
KB 1 cm= x m
BM 1cm= x m
4.8

4.13. Longitudinal Metacentric Radius (BM
L
) Curve

The longitudianl metacentric radius is the vertical distance between the centre of buoyancy (B) and
the longitudinal metacentre (M
L
). It may be calculated as

V
=
L
L
I
BM

where I
L
is the longitudinal moment of inertia of the waterplane area about a transverse axis through
the longitudinal centre of flotation (LCF).

For conventional ship forms 1
B
L
>> hence the transverse and longitudinal moments of inertia are
the smallest and the greatest, respectively. This can be shown in the following figure.



Figure 4.6. Transverse and longitudinal moments of inertia

} } }
o + o = o o o o o + o o =
o o o o + o = o o o = o = o
o o =
A A A
2
y
2
x
2 2 2 2
V
2 2 2 2
V
sin I cos I A xy cos sin 2 A y cos A x sin I
A ) cos sin xy 2 cos y sin x ( A ) cos y sin x ( Ac I
cos y sin x c

(max) I I (min) I
I I
2
for
I I 0 for
y V x
y V
x V
< <

=
t
= o
= = o


4.14. Tons per Centimeter Immersion (T
1
) Curve

y
c
dA
x
o
Y
X
v
F
4.9
When a weight is loaded on a ship, the displacement must increase by exactly the same amount in
order that the law of flotation is maintained. This fact is used to define a useful hydrostatic property,
the tons per centimeter immersion which is used to determine small changes in draught of a ship that
result from loading or discharging relatively small weights.

Let us assume that a small weight is loaded at the centre of flotation so that a parallel sinkage will
occur, i.e. the increase in draught is the same throught the length of the ship. The volume of the
immersed layer is

t A v
WP
=

where A
WP
is the waterplane area and t is the parallel sinkage. The buoyant force created by parallel
sinkage must be equal to the added weight

t A v w
WP
= =

This equation is valid only if the ships sides are vertical, i.e. wall-sided. However, if the parallel
sinkage is relatively small, the approximation is acceptable.

The tons per centimeter immersion can be calculated by eqauting the added weight to the buoyant
force of a parallel sinkage layer of 1 cm thickness


) cm / t (
100
A
T
WP
1

=





Figure 4.7. Waterplane area and tons per centimeter immersion curves


4.15. Moment to Change Trim 1cm (M
T1
) Curve


Waterplane area
1cm = x m
2
tons per centimeter immersion
1cm = x t/cm
4.10
The moment necessary to change trim by a fixed quantity is an important characteristic of a vessel
and one frequently used for loading studies. This can be found by

) cm / tm (
L 100
GM
M
WL
L
1 T
A
=

where A is displacement in metric tons, GM
L
is the longitudinal metacentric height in meters, and L
is the length of waterline in meters.

4.16. Wetted Surface Area (S) Curve

For a ship floating at a given waterline, the total area of the outer surface in contact with the water is
known as the wetted surface. The wetted surface is required in resistance calculations where the
frictional resistance of the ship is directly proportional to the wetted surface area. The wetted surface
may also be used in estimating the amount of paint required to coat the ships bottom upto a specifid
waterline. The wetted surface area is also useful for estimating the weight of the shell.

Several empirical formulae have been proposed to determine the wetted surface area of ships upto
the design waterline. Some of these expressions are given in the following table


Reference Expression Unit system
Froude
)
L
2
1
4 . 3 ( S
3 / 1
3 / 2
V
+ V =
metric
Mumford ) LB C LT ( 7 . 1 S
B
+ =

metric
Denny
T
LT 7 . 1 S
V
+ =
metric
Admiralty
3 / 1
3 / 2
08 . 2
L
3 . 3 ( S
V
+ V = )
metric
Wageningen
) L 5 . 0 4 . 3 ( S
3 / 1 3 / 1
+ V V =

metric

The calculation of wetted surface area requires an expansion of the moulded surface upto the desired
waterline. This will require to measure the distance along the contour of each section from the
centerline at the bottom upto any given waterline. This distance is known as the half girth of the
section upto that waterline. On a scale drawing of body plan, the half girths may be measured by
rolling a map measurer, bending a flexible thin batten, or a straight measuring scale or strip of paper
may be placed in contact with the curve of the section at the starting point and thereafter kept in
contact with and tangent to the curve at successive points, by rotating the strip of paper slightly with
the paper held in place at the point of contact by the point of a pencil.

The half girths at selected sections may be plotted as ordinates along the ship length. A fair curve
passing through these points will enclose an area equal to the half of the total wetted surface upto the
given waterline. This area may be calculated by numerical integration. The half girths may also be
calculated by using numerical integration techniques.
4.11


The distance along the contour of a curve defined by y=f(x) is given by

}
+ =
H
0
2
dx )
dx
dy
( 1 G

Consider the typical ship section given in Figure 4.8. We assume that this section may be
represented by a second order polynomial between z=0 and z=2h, as follows


2
2 1 0
z a z a a y + + =


Figure 4.8. Typical ship section.

The vertical spacing between waterlines is assumed to be equal. Then the unknown coefficients a
0
,
a
1
and a
2
can be determined from the boundary conditions

2
1
0
y y h 2 z
y y h z
y y 0 z
= =
= =
= =


Then the unknown coefficients are

2
2
1
1 0
h 2
n m 2
a
h 2
m 4 n
a
y a

=
=

y
z
H
0
h
y
0
y
1
y
2
4.12

where m=y
1
-y
2
and n=y
1
-y
3
.
In order to apply the Simpsons first rule we define
2
)
dx
dy
( 1 Z + = . Then the half girth for the first
three ordinates is
) Z Z 4 Z (
3
h
G
2 1 0
+ + =
where
2 2
2
2 2
1
2 2
0
) m 4 n 3 ( h 4
h 2
1
Z
n h 4
h 2
1
Z
) m 4 n ( h 4
h 2
1
Z
+ =
+ =
+ =


This can be achieved in a tabular format as follows

Section Ordinate m,n SM Product
0 y
0
m=y
0
-y
1

n=y
0
-y
2
2 2
0
) m 4 n ( h 4
h 2
1
Z + =

1 Z
0
1 y
1 2 2
1
n h 4
h 2
1
Z + =

4 4Z
1
2 y
2 2 2
2
) m 4 n 3 ( h 4
h 2
1
Z + =

1 Z
2
E =Z
0
+4Z
1
+Z
2


Total girth : ( )
(

+ + + = E + =
2 1 0 0 0
Z Z 4 Z
3
h
y 2 )
3
h
y ( 2 G

4.17. Draught Marks

Draught marks are used for determining displacement and other properties of the ship for
hydrostatics, stability, and damage stability. The draught marks indicate the depth of the baseline
below the waterline. Usually Roman numerals 3 in height or Arabic numerals 6 in heaight are used
for draught marks.

4.18. Draught Diagram

The draught diagram is a nomogram used for determining the following hydrostatic properties

- ships displacement
- moment to trim one cm (M
T1
)
4.13
- tons per cm immersion (T
1
)
- height of metacentre (KM)
- longitudinal centre of flotation (LCF)
- longitudinal centre of buoyancy (LCB)

A typical draught diagram is shown in Figure 4.9.


























Figure 4.9. Typical draught diagram

In order to use the draught diagram aft and forward draught marks are read and a straight line
connecting these marks is drawn on the diagram. The displacement, KM, T
1
, M
T1
, LCB and LCF
values are read offf rom the intersection of this straight line with corresponding scales.










Forward
draught
marks
(m)
8


7


6


5


Displacement (t)
KM
(m)
4000
3800
4000
3600
3400
3200
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
3 2 1
LCF
Tons per
cm
immersion
(t/cm)
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
LCB
(m)
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
1.5
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
After
draught
marks
(m)
8


7


6


5


Moment to
change
trim 1 cm
(tm)
200
180
160
140
120
100
L
BP
4.14


4.19 Sample tables for hydrostatic curves calculations

1) The sample calculations of the sectional areas and moments are given in the following table:

SECTION 1 SECTION 2
WL y
i
SM Prod. M.A Prod. WL y
i
SM Prod. M.A Prod.
0 0 0 0
2 2
1 3/2 1 1 3/2 1
2 4 2 2 4 2
3 2 3 3 2 3
4 4 4 4 4 4
5 1 5 5 1 5

=
11
=
12

=
21
=
22

SECTION 3 SECTION 4
WL y
i
SM Prod. M.A Prod. WL y
i
SM Prod. M.A Prod.
0 0 0 0
2 2
1 3/2 1 1 3/2 1
2 4 2 2 4 2
3 2 3 3 2 3
4 4 4 4 4 4
5 1 5 5 1 5

=
31
=
32

=
41
=
42

SECTION 5 SECTION 6
WL y
i
SM Prod. M.A Prod. WL y
i
SM Prod. M.A Prod.
0 0 0 0
2 2
1 3/2 1 1 3/2 1
2 4 2 2 4 2
3 2 3 3 2 3
4 4 4 4 4 4
5 1 5 5 1 5

=
51
=
52

=
61
=
62


Sectional Areas:
2
1 i 1 i
m
3
h
2 A =
Sectional Moments:
3
2 i
2
2 i
m
3
h
2 M =

4.15
Where ( i ) refers to the number of the sections and (h) is the spacing between waterlines.

2) The sample calculations of the displacement and displacement volume are given in the
following table:

SECTION SECT.
AREA
SM PROD. M.A PROD. SECT.
MOMENT
SM PROD.
0 -5
2 -4.5 2
1 3/2 -4 3/2
2 4 -3 4
3 2 -2 2
4 4 -1 4
5 2 0 2
6 4 1 4
7 2 2 2
8 4 3 4
9 3/2 4 3/2
91/2 2 4.5 2
10 5

=
3
=
4

=
5


Displacement Volume:
3
3
m
3
s
= V
Displacement: tonnes V = A
Longitudinal center
Of buoyancy : ) fore , ; aft , ( , m s LCB
3
4
+

=
Vertical center of
Buoyancy : m KB
3
5

=

Where (s) is the spacing between sections.
By using the above equations, the block coefficient, the midship area coefficient and the prismatic
coefficient may be calculated as follows:

T B L
C
WL WL
B

V
=

T B
A
C
WL
M
M

=

4.16
M
B
P
C
C
C =

3) The sample calculations of the A
WP
, BM, LCF and BM
L
are given in the following table:

SECTION y
i
SM PROD M.A PROD. M.A PROD. y
i
3
SM PROD.
0 -5 -5
2 -4.5 -4.5 2
1 3/2 -4 -4 3/2
2 4 -3 -3 4
3 2 -2 -2 2
4 4 -1 -1 4
5 2 0 0 2
6 4 1 1 4
7 2 2 2 2
8 4 3 3 4
9 3/2 4 4 3/2
91/2 2 4.5 4.5 2
10 5 5

=
6
=
7
=
8

=
9


Water plane area :
2
6 WP
m
3
s
2 A =
By using the water plane area, tons per centimeter immersion and water plane area coefficient can
be calculated as follows:
Tons per centimeter immersion : cm / tonnes
100
A
T
WP
1

=
Water plane area coefficient :
WL WL
WP
WP
B L
A
C

=
Transverse moment of inertia :
4
9
m
9
s
2 I =
Transverse radii of metacenter: m
I
BM
V
=
Longitudinal center of flotation: ) fore , ; aft , ( , m s LCF
6
7
+

=
Moment of inertia due to amidship:
4
8
3
m
3
s
2 I =

Moment of inertia due to center
Of flotation :
4 2
WP F
m LCF A I I =


Longitudinal radii of metacenter: m
I
BM
F
L
V
=
4.17
Moment to trim one centimeter: cm / m . tonnes
L 100
BM
M
WL
L
1 T

A
~



4) The sample calculations of the wetted surface area are given in the following table:

SECTION 1
WL y m&n Z SM
PROD
WL y m&n Z SM
PROD
0 1 0 1
4 1 4
1 1 2 1

=
1

=
2

+ =
1 0 1
2
h
3
1
y G + =
2 0 2
3
h
y G
1 1 2 1
2 4 3 4
3 1 4 1

=
3

=
4

+ =
3 1 3
3
h
G G + =
4 2 4
3
h
G G
3 1 4 1
4 4 5 4
5 1 6 1

=
5

=
6

+ =
5 3 5
3
h
G G + =
6 4 6
3
h
G G
5 1 6 1
6 4 7 4
7 1 8 1

=
7

=
8

+ =
7 5 7
3
h
G G + =
8 6 8
3
h
G G

This calculation should be repeated for every section.







4.18






WL1 WL2 WL3 WL4 WL5 WL6 WL7 WL8
SEC
SM G PR G PR G PR G PR G PR G PR G PR G PR
0
2
1 3/2
2 4
3 2
4 4
5 2
6 4
7 2
8 4
9 3/2
91/2 2
10 1/2

=
1
=
2
=
3
=
4
=
5
=
6
=
7
=
8

=
1 1
s
3
2
WS WS
2
= WS
3
= WS
4
= WS
5
= WS
6
= WS
7
= WS
8
=






















4.19




FINAL TABLE FOR HYDROSTATIC CURVES

DEFINITIONS WL1 WL2 WL3 WL4 WL5 WL6
3
3
m
3
s
= V

tonnes V = A
) fore , ; aft , ( , m s LCB
3
4
+

=


m KB
3
5

=


T B L
C
WL WL
B

V
=


T B
A
C
WL
M
M

=


M
B
P
C
C
C =


2
6 WP
m
3
s
2 A =

cm / tonnes
100
A
T
WP
1

=


WL WL
WP
WP
B L
A
C

=


4
9
m
9
s
2 I =

m
I
BM
V
=

) fore , ; aft , ( , m s LCF
6
7
+

=


4
8
3
m
3
s
2 I =

4 2
WP F
m LCF A I I =



m
I
BM
F
L
V
=

cm / m . tonnes
L 100
BM
M
WL
L
1 T

A
~

2
i i
m s
3
2
WS =


4.20


I.T.U.
FACULTY OF NAVAL ARCHITECTURE AND OCEAN ENGINEERING, DEPARTMENT
OF OCEAN ENGINEERING






SHIP THEORY



PROJECT 1. HYDROSTATIC CURVES






Dr. Hakan AKYILDIZ







SHIPs LENGTH :
BREADTH :
DEPTH :
DRAUGHT :


STUDENTs NAME :
FACULTY NO :








4.21
The hydrostatics curves will be calculated and plotted on a paper(min. size A3) with suitable scale.
The presentation of the project is as follows:
Page 1: Cover page
Page 2: Offset table
Page 3: Area and moment calculations for station 0
Page 4: Area and moment calculations for station
Page 5: Area and moment calculations for station 1
Page 6: Area and moment calculations for station 2
Page 7: Area and moment calculations for station 3
Page 8: Area and moment calculations for station 4
Page 9: Area and moment calculations for station 5
Page 10: Area and moment calculations for station 6
Page 11: Area and moment calculations for station 7
Page 12: Area and moment calculations for station 8
Page 13: Area and moment calculations for station 9
Page 14: Area and moment calculations for station 91/2
Page 15: Area and moment calculations for station 10
Page 16: Calculations for waterline 1
Page 17: Calculations for waterline 2
Page 18: Calculations for waterline 3
Page 19: Calculations for waterline 4
Page 20: Calculations for waterline 5
Page 21: Calculations for waterline 6
Page 22: Wetted surface calculations
Page 23: Final table
Page 24: Hydrostatic curves

Hydrostatic Curves to be included:

- Sectional area curves (Bonjean curves)
- Sectional moment curves
- Waterplane area curve (A
WP
)
- Volume and displacement curves
- Vertical center of buoyancy curve (KB)
- Longitudinal center of buoyancy curve (LCB)
- Midships section area coefficient curve (C
M
)
- Block coefficient curve (C
B
)
- Prismatic coefficient curve (C
P
)
- Waterplane area coefficient curve (C
WP
)
- Longitudinal center of flotation curve (LCF)
- Tons per centimeter immersion curve (T
1
)
- Transverse metacentric radius curve (BM)
- Longitudinal metacentric radius curve (BM
L
)
- Moment to trim one centimeter curve (M
T1
)
- Wetted surface area curve (WS)