Phn loi bn theo v tr lp t, xy dng

B ngm: c t bn di mt t, thng c s dng

trong cc ca hng bn l, cha LPG, gasoline, Fuel oil.
Phn loi bn theo v tr lp t, xy dng
B ni: c xy dng trn mt t, c s dng
cc kho ln.
Phn loi bn theo v tr lp t, xy dng
B na ngm: Loi b c chiu cao b nh ln mt
t, nhng hin nay cn rt t.
B ngoi khi: c thit k ni trn mt nc, c
th duy chuyn t ni ny n ni khc mt cch d th duy chuyn t ni ny n ni khc mt cch d
dng.
So snh b ngm v b ni
B ngm B ni
An ton cao: y l l do chnh
v bo m phng chy tt v nu
c r r th du cng khng lan ra
xung quanh v hn ch vic tip
xc vi mi trng gy chy n.
t bay hi: do khng c gi,
khng trao nhit vi mi trng
Chi ph xy dng thp
Bo dng thun tin: d
dng sc ra, sn v sa cha
b
D dng pht hin v tr r r
xng du ra bn ngoi
khng trao nhit vi mi trng
bn ngai.
To mt bng thong v tit
kim din tch.
Phn loi bn theo p sut
B cao p: p sut chu ng trong b > 200mmHg
B p lc trung bnh: p sut = 20 =>200mmHg
thng dung b KO, DO
B p thng: p sut = 20mmHg p dng b du B p thng: p sut = 20mmHg p dng b du
nhn, FO, b mi phao.
B cha lnh c thit k tn tr v vn chuyn
kh ha lng nhit di 0
o
C v p sut cao.
Cryogenic storage : temperature below - 100
o
C Cryogenic storage : temperature below - 100
o
C
- LNG (-162
o
C)
- Liquefied O2 (-183
o
C)
- Liquefied N2 (-196
o
C)
- Liquefied H2 (-253
o
C) - Liquefied H2 (-253 C)
- Liquefied Helium (-269
o
C)
Phn loi bn theo vt liu xy dng
B kim loi: lm bng thp, p dng cho hu ht cc
b ln hin nay.
B Ptng ct thp : Loi bn ny c dng ph
bin trong nhng nh mi c sn lng cao, gi thnh
sn xut cao. sn xut cao.
B phi kim: Lm bng vt liu nh : g, composite,.
nhng ch p dng cho cc b nh.
B tr ng: C mi che, khng c mi che, mi ni
Phn loi bn theo hnh dng
B hnh tr nm
Phn loi bn theo hnh dng
Butane
Trm np LPG Th Vi (2 bn c dung tch 50m
3
/ bn )
Butane
Propane
Anhydrous Ammonia
Cholorine
Sulfur Dioxide
Hydrogen Chloride
B hnh tr ng
Oxygen
Nitrogen
B hnh tr ng
B hnh cu, hnh git nc
Phn loi bn theo hnh dng
Methane
Propane
LPG
Khu b cha Kh ha lng nh my lc du Dung Qut
Ba yu t chnh cn ch
p sut hi ca sn phm tn tr
Nhit v p sut tn tr
Tnh c hi / nguy him ca sn phm tn tr
Yu cu cn t c
Gim thiu nhim mi trng
Gim thiu kh nng ho hon
Gim thiu mt mt cc sn phm c gi tr
Tun th nghim cc nguyn tc an ton lao ng
Cc kh nng mt mt sn
phm
Mt mt do cc hot ng xut / nhp
Mt mt do th : gin n nhit, gin n do thay i
p sut kh quyn,
Mt mt do hi thot ra t ch ni thit b h tr
Khi hi thot ra, API ca sn phm gim, cht
lng ca sn phm b nh hng !!!
2 phng php tn tr
S dng b mi phao cho cc sn phm c p sut
hi t 1 10 psi ti nhit tn tr
S dng b mi c nh i vi sn phm c p sut
cao, s dng h thng thu hi hi (Vapor Recovery cao, s dng h thng thu hi hi (Vapor Recovery
Unit VRU)
VRU
Phng php thu hi hi
Hp th : dng dung mi nng hn hi cn thu hi
hp th hi
Hp ph : dng silicagel, than hot tnh, zeolite
hp ph; sau tng nhit / gim p sut gii
hp; cui cng ho lng / ngng t hi thu hi hp; cui cng ho lng / ngng t hi thu hi
Lm lnh / ho lng hi cn thu hi
Thit b iu tit hi
Hot ng khi p sut trong b chnh lch Hot ng khi p sut trong b chnh lch
so vi p sut ci t khong 0.001 psi
Ngoi ra VRU cng c van th & van khn
cp
ng sut trn thnh b cha
ng sut dc : sinh ra do p sut trong b ng sut dc : sinh ra do p sut trong b
ng sut chu vi : sinh ra do p sut trong b
ng sut d : do gia nhit cc b ti vng xung quanh
cc mi hn
ng sut do ti trng ngoi : gi, thit b ph tr
ng sut do thay i nhit ng sut do thay i nhit
Thng s cng ngh ca bn
Th tch V Th tch V
Kch thc c bn : V,L,h,d
Loi np bn cha
Yu cu k thut lp t, thit b lp t h tr : Valves,
thit b o (T,V,P)
V tr lp t bn V tr lp t bn
Xc nh gi tr p sut tnh ton
P = P
h
+ gH P = P
h
+ gH
P:p sut tnh ton.
P
h
: p sut hi.
: Khi lng ring sn phm cha trong bn : Khi lng ring sn phm cha trong bn
nhit tnh ton.
g = 9.81 (m/s
2
) : gia tc trng trng.
Tnh ton ng sut dy ti
thiu thnh b
2

ng sut dc :
t
pd
d t
d p
A
P
4 4
2
= = =

4
pd
t =
Tnh ton ng sut dy ti
thiu thnh b
ng sut chu vi :
pd pdl P
= = =
t
pd
tl
pdl
A
P
2 2
= = =
2
pd
t =
Hiu qu mi hn n mn cho php
c
pd
t + =
Loi mi hn E
Trong :
c
E
pd
t
c
E
t
+ =
+ =

2
4
Loi mi hn E
Hn gip mi kp 0.8 0.9
Hn gip mi n 0.7 0.75
Mi hn chng kp 0.65 0.7
Mi hn chng n 0.5 0.6
Trong :
E : hiu qu mi hn
c : n mn cho php
Mi hn chng n 0.5 0.6
Xc nh tc ng bn ngoi:Tc ng ca gi,Tc
ng ca ng t
Xc nh cc l trn bn Xc nh cc l trn bn
Xc nh chn v tay nng
Xc nh cc l trn bn
Xc nh chn v tay nng
Cc nh hng thy lc n bn cha:p sut Cc nh hng thy lc n bn cha:p sut
lm vic cc i, Ti trng gi, Dung tch ch ln nht cho
bn mi ni
THI CNG BN CHA
Cc phng php thi cng nn mng
Ccphng php thi cng bn cha
Cht lng mi hn
Trnh t thi cng bn cha
Gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng trnh Gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng trnh
Cc phng php thi cng nn mng
Kho st v tr Kho st v tr
Kim tra t, a cht
San lp mt bng
Gia c nn mng
H thng bao nn
Chng st l, ln nhng khu vc t yu v Chng st l, ln nhng khu vc t yu v
khng n nh
Compressor Deck
Vt liu thi cng nn mng
1. ca bn cha
B tng
Thp Thp
Vt liu chng thm
Ct, hn hp Bitume- ct.
, si
Ximng
Cc phng php thi cng bn cha
Phng php hon thin v ghp dn( Progressive Phng php hon thin v ghp dn( Progressive
Assemply and Welding)
Phng php hn gin on v lp ghp tng th
(Complete Assembly followed by Welding of Horizontal
Seams)
Phng php nng kch bn (Jacking-up Method)
Phng php ni (Floation method) Phng php ni (Floation method)
Gim st qu trnh hn
Trnh ca cc th hn Trnh ca cc th hn
Cht lng ca quy trnh hn, ct, x l kim loi.
iu kin thi tit
in cc hn v dy hn
Vt mp mi hn
Trnh t hn (son tho quy trnh hn)
Quy trnh kim tra trc v sau khi hn
Trnh t thi cng
Chn a hnh thi cng Chn a hnh thi cng
Chun b thi cng ( Prefabrication)
Quy trnh thi cng bn: h ging chng gi, ph tng ph
tr, Qu trnh gn tng thp ban u vo y bn, Kim tra tnh
u n, Khung v mi tn lp mi
Cc phng php duy chuyn bn: trn con ln,
phng php ni, dng m khng kh phng php ni, dng m khng kh
Cc yu t chnh Cc yu t chnh Cc yu t chnh Cc yu t chnh
trong vn hnh trong vn hnh
* Preset :
B iu khin c lp trnh trc.
K s vn hnh thao tc trc tip, thc K s vn hnh thao tc trc tip, thc
hin cc thao tc iu chnh lu
lng dng chy, vn hnh bm, kim
sot nhit v p sut hp l.
C th ngng qu trnh vn hnh ngay
khi c s c thng qua b iu khin.
u in cho vi bm xut sn phm
* T ng ho trong vn hnh :
Telecommunication System : thng ch c khi cn phi
hp gia cc h thng t khong cch xa, v d trm phn hp gia cc h thng t khong cch xa, v d trm phn
phi kh vi gin khoan - ni khi u ca ng ng dn
kh vo b.
Process Control System : thng c nhc ti l DCS,
thc hin iu khin cc qu trnh cng ngh chung nh c
tn hiu cm bin (nhit , p sut...) tnh ton, hin th,
truyn tn hiu iu khin ti c cu chp hnh nh van, b truyn tn hiu iu khin ti c cu chp hnh nh van, b
ngt mch...
Theo tiu chun th khi h thng tr nn
phc tp, th c thm SDS v F&G.
SDS (Shutdown System or Emergency
Shutdown System) chuyn dng x l
tnh hung xy ra s c nguy cp
ngng ton h thng mt cch an ton.
F&G (Fire & Gas) c dng pht
hin nhm ngn nga s c chy, n.
* * Tm Tmquan quan trng trng ca ca valve valve iu iu khin khin v v
b b nh nh v v trong trong h h thng thng iu iu khin khin.. b b nh nh v v trong trong h h thng thng iu iu khin khin..
Van iu Khin l phn t cui cng trong h thng iu
khin v ng mt vai tr quan trng trong h thng iu
khin.
Nu hnh dung mt h thng iu khin nh mt c th vi Nu hnh dung mt h thng iu khin nh mt c th vi
mt b iu khin l b no, cc cm bin nh nhng gic
quan nh mt th gic, th van iu khin ng vai tr ca
chn tay l nhng c cu chp hnh cui cng.
c th iu khin tt, tt nhin cn c
nhng b phn trn nhng cui cng van
iu khin vn l b phn quyt nh cc
hot ng iu khin c chnh xc khng.
Do , c th ni van iu khin l mt
b phn quan trng trong mt h thng b phn quan trng trong mt h thng
iu khin.
Noo up oc bom qou on houc thuy do dot ngot so dun don
Cc Cc s s c c c c th th xy xy ra ra trong trong vn vn
hnh hnh
Noo up oc bom qou on houc thuy do dot ngot so dun don
bo ong, no tu cuc doun ong mom tgup troong hop nuy
phu up bong ong houc xo oon dom khop toc buo ngong
bom).
So tung gum dot ngot up sout co tho do thuo tuc cong ngho
tdong vun qou nhunh houc do so co ky thout cong ngho).
Ngooc u kh choyon ong, choyon hum up oc bom so gum Ngooc u kh choyon ong, choyon hum up oc bom so gum
dot ngot.
Trn bn do khng kim sot c lu lng hay ng ngt
valves khng ng lc
Kom tru bon chou do xuc dnh so oong vu tnh chut duo co
noo con
Kom tru chut oong doong ong, vun vu cuc bo phun cun thot.
Ch trong vn hnh Ch trong vn hnh
Kom tru chut oong doong ong, vun vu cuc bo phun cun thot.
Voc but ong, choyon ong, choyon hum tron Munod tuo phu
dooc thoc hon thoo qoy trnh.
1hoong xoyon thoo do dong ho up oc
Do dum buo toyot do un toun trong kh nhup vu buo vo
phoong ton uo bon tong mom), trooc kh but duo bom, phu
gum dnh khu nung cho tu tup oc) cou mo doong ong mom, gum dnh khu nung cho tu tup oc) cou mo doong ong mom,
soc tu to du, to thoo.
m bo lu lng n nh trn tuyn ng khi vn hnh, x l kp thi khi c s
c
Gim st chc ch qu trnh n mn, xi mn, c phng thc cnh bo v bin
php gim tc n mn
THIT B H TR
I. GII THIU
1. Cc thit b h tr thng gp
2.ng dng 2.ng dng
II. VAN S DNG TRONG H THNG NG NG
1.Van iu khin
Cu to hnh dng
ng dng
2.Van an ton 2.Van an ton
Cu to hnh dng
ng dng
3.Cch lp t van trong h thng
III. KT LUN
Cc thit b h tr thng gp
Van
Khp ni
Bm
Lu lng k
p k p k
Nhit k
By lc
Thit b bo n
Co
H thng gi ng ng
Ca ngi ( hole man): Ca ngi ( hole man):
chn la
H thng lm mt
H thng chng tnh in
Thit b pht hin r r:
H thng phng chy cha chy
* o nhit :
o Nhit cng l mt yu t quan trng
cn xem xt n trong qu trnh vn cn xem xt n trong qu trnh vn
hnh v s tng hay gim nhit c th
gy ra nhng tc hi nghim trng nh
nh hng ca p sut i vi ng
ng, b cha v an ton cho ngi vn ng, b cha v an ton cho ngi vn
hnh.
Nhit k
Nhit k l thit b dng o nhit . Phn cm Nhit k l thit b dng o nhit . Phn cm
nhn nhit (th d: bu ng thy ngn hoc ru
trong nhit k) Phn biu th kt qu (th d: thang
chia vch trn nhit k
Nhit k c thc o u tin c Galileo sng ch
ra nm 1597
Nhit k
Nhit k cht lng: hot ng trn c s dn nhit ca Nhit k cht lng: hot ng trn c s dn nhit ca
cht lng
Nhit k lng kim
Nhit k p sut L xo
Cp nhit in
Nhit k in: Dng c o nhit s dng cc c tnh Nhit k in: Dng c o nhit s dng cc c tnh
in hoc t ca kim loi (nhit k in tr)
Nhit k hng ngoi: Da trn hiu ng bc x nhit
di dng hng ngoi ca cc vt nng
Nhit k
Nhit k
* o p sut (Pressure gauge) :
p sut l yu t quan trng nht cn
xem xt n trong qu trnh vn hnh, xem xt n trong qu trnh vn hnh,
c bit i vi cc bn cha kh ho
lng.
S tng hay gim p sut c th gy ra
nhng tc hi nghim trng i vi nhng tc hi nghim trng i vi
ng ng, b cha v an ton cho
chnh ngi vn hnh.
p k
p k l thit b dng o p sut p k l thit b dng o p sut
p k u tin c v tnh to ra bi Gasparo Berti,
khong t nm 1640 n nm 1643
Baromet : o p sut kh quyn
Manomet : o p sut d
p k
p k thy tnh p k thy tnh
p k c hc
p k pittong
p k in
p k
* Lu lng k :
o lng lu cht cn thit, trnh hin
tng trn bn, dn ti nhim.
Cn s dng tng loi lu lng k ph Cn s dng tng loi lu lng k ph
hp vi tng loi du, kh khc nhau.
chnh xc ca lu lng k c ci
tin vi vic s dng mt b iu khin lu
lng c ci vo ng dn qu trnh to ra lng c ci vo ng dn qu trnh to ra
mt dng chy c kh nng d on cao
m khng gy tn hao hoc gy tn hao rt
t p sut trn ng ng.
Lu lng k
L dng c o lng lu cht chy qua 1 tit din
trong 1 n v thi gian trong 1 n v thi gian
Mn tit lu
Vi tit lu
Rotamet thy tnh
Lu tc k kiu turbin
Lu tc k in tr Lu tc k in tr
Lu lng k kiu pittong
Lu lng k bnh nh lng
Lu lng k
Lu lng k
* Valve :
Valve dng ng ngt lu cht khi
t n lu lng yu cu. t n lu lng yu cu.
vn hnh i vi tng loi bn b,
lu cht cn c loi valve ph hp.
c tnh ca valve cng l yu t quyt c tnh ca valve cng l yu t quyt
nh s an ton trong vn hnh.
VAN IU KHIN
1.ng dng :
PHNII. VAN S DNG TRONG H THNG NG NG
-Van iu Khin l phn t cui cng trong h thng iu
khin v ng mt vai tr ht sc quan trng trong h thngiu
khin
- Van l loi thit b c thit k duy tr, hn ch hoc
iu chnh dng vt cht chy trong ng, trong vi hay trong ton
b h thng. b h thng.
-Chc nng cn bn nht ca van l cho dng chy i qua
khi van v tr m v ngn dng chy khi van v tr ng.
VAN IU KHIN
(CONTROL VALVE)
Tm li: Van iu khin c chia thnh nhiu loi khc nhau ty
theo c cu c dng ng dng chy.
Cc loi van chnh bao gm:
+ Van ca (Gate valve)
+ Van bi ( Ball Valve)
+ Van cu (Globel Valve)
+ Van mt chiu (Check Valve)
+ Van bm (Butterfly Valve)
+Van in t (Electric Valve ) .
Hnh dng mun hnh mun v ca Valve iu khin
2. S lc v cu to v hnh dng :
+ Van bi c mt l i qua
tm cu c ng knh
bng ng knh ng
ng, c thit k rt kht ng, c thit k rt kht
vi thnh van.
+Thnh van thng
c trng 1 lp Teflon.
Khi m th l cu xoay
Cu to bn trong ca van bi
Khi m th l cu xoay
to vi hai u van mt
ng h cho dng i
qua, cn khi ng th cu
c iu chnh xoay
ngang bt kn van.
Nhng tht ra bn ngoi ch l nh th ny...
Van bi iu khin bng tay
Van bi iu khin t ng
VAN BM (Butterfly Valve)
Butterfly Valve
1. Thn (body)
2. a ( Disc)
3. Lp m (Liner)
4. Nhit lm vic: 130
o
C
Butterfly Valve
C a van chia thnh hai na hnh bn nguyt, xoay quanh trc nm ngang
dng chy.
Van bm iu khin t ng hoc bng tay
Van Nt
Van Kim
VAN DNG MNG
Nu dng chy ng chiu th np
van s c y quay ln trn to l
thng cho dng chy i qua bnh
VAN MT CHIU ( Check Valve)
thng cho dng chy i qua bnh
thng.
Nu ht dng chy xui chiu th
cht lng khng th chy ngc li v
khi np van h xung nh trng
lng ca np van, np van s bt cht lng ca np van, np van s bt cht
ng ng. Np van khi t vo
ngng cht nn dng chy ngc d
c p sut cao n u cng khng
th chy ngc.
Van ca iu khin
bng tay hai chiu
Van ca iu khin
mt chiu
3.3 Van chng ba nc - Water Hammer
* Van chng ba nc: khi bm ngng hot ng, p sut gim ngay
lp tc, c th to khong trng hay khe h ngay trong lng cht lng
chy trong ng to nn ting ng ln v gy nn s rung ng. Gn
van ny gc un r c th chng li s ba nc v bo v my mc
Thng s dng khi cao trn 50m v p sut trn 5kgf/cm
2
Nhit lm vic: -15 n 80
o
C
p sut lm vic ti a l 15kgf/cm
2
( van bng st, ng) v
20 kgf/cm
2
i vi van thp
VALVES CHN
Valve chn l loi van c dng ngn dng chy hoc mt phn dng
chy nhm t c mt dng chy mi sau van
Yu cu c bn thit k mt van chn l a ra tr lc dng ti thiu v tr
han tan m v t c c tnh dng kn v tr han tan ng
Cc thng s sau :
Chnh p
kn
c tnh dng cht lng
Kn h thng
Yu cu tc ng Yu cu tc ng
Chi ph ban u
Bo dng
Van Cu (Globe valve)
VAN CU ( GLOBE VALVE)
VAN CA (Gate Valve)
VAN CA (Gate Valve)
VAN AN TON (SAFE VALVE)
1. ng Dng
Duy tr dng chy mt cch n nh
Bo v an ton cho ng ng, b cha v cc thit b
khc
2. Phn Loi
Van gim p - Pressure Reducing Valve Van gim p - Pressure Reducing Valve
Van x kh - Air Vent
Van chng ba nc - Water Hammer ..
3.2 Van x kh (Air Vent)
Ti a ho hiu qu lu lng dng chy nh
kh trong ng ng c rt nhanh chng
-L xo c thit k cn bng vi mt p
sut nht nh. sut nht nh.
-Khi p sut nh hn lc n hi ca l xo
th van trng thi ng, cn khi p sut
ln hn lc thit k ca van th van chuyn
v trng thi m cho dng kh i qua
trnh s tng p sut qu cao.
- Thng thng p sut t vo l 18 - Thng thng p sut t vo l 18
kG/cm
2
, nu vt qu mc cho php th
van s t x p.
-Thng lm bng thp v c th chu
c nhit t 200-250
o
C
3 Cu to v nguyn tc hot ng
3.1 Van gim p sut dng cho nc
p sut trn valt gim p c mc
nh ban u. Nhm duy tr s n nh nh ban u. Nhm duy tr s n nh
p sut bn trong ng ng v ngn
cn cho ng ng v cc thit b trnh
khi nguy him do s tng t ngt ca
p sut nc.
Khi my bm nc dng hot ng
hay cng cung cp nc t ngt dng
hot ng th s c mt s thay i t
ngt p sut trong ng ng. Khi p ngt p sut trong ng ng. Khi p
sut tng qu mt gii hn an ton, van
gim p sut c th t ng m v gii
phng p lc nc a tr v trang thi
an ton v vy n bo v c ng
ng v thit b.
Hnh dng thc t
a ph hu
Phn 3: CCH LP T CC VALVE
Thng thng c 3 phng php ch yu lp Thng thng c 3 phng php ch yu lp
Van l:
Lp van bng cch hn
Lp van bng ren
Lp Van bng mt bch
Lp van bng cch hn
c im:
Kt ni bng cch hn s cht kn tt c nhit v p sut v tit kim
c chi ph ban u
K thut ny gp nhiu kh khn khi kt ni vo ng ng v hin nhin K thut ny gp nhiu kh khn khi kt ni vo ng ng v hin nhin
chu gii hn vt liu d hn.
S dng cho nhng van c kch thc tng i nh
Ch hn d b r r khi hot ng nhit v p sut cao
Ch thch hp khi hn cc vt liu c kh nng chu ng nhit
cao
Kh nng tho lp sa cha kh khn
Thng c 2 cch hn l:
Socket welding
Butt welding
Lp van bng cch hn
-Socket welding ends:(hn chng)
Hn chng c chun b bng cch
khoan mi cui ca van 1 l vi ng
knh trong ln hn khng ng k vi
ng knh ngoi ca ng.ng trt vo l ng knh ngoi ca ng.ng trt vo l
ni m mt tip gip da trn 1 g v sau
kt ni vo van bng mi hn gc.
Chng thng xp t kch thc qua 2
inch
-butt welding ends:(hn gip mi)
Hn gip mi c chun b bng cch vt mp
van cng nh ng.Sau s c hn vo
ng ng vi 1 mi hn ln su hon ton.
Loi ny kt ni cho tt c cc loi ng ng
nhng s chun b phi khc nhau cho mi
ng. Ni chung nhng loi ny c xp t
cho van iu khin kch thc 2-1/2 inch v
ln hn
Lp van bng ren
-Kt ni bng ren ai c thng p dng cho loi van iu khin
kch thc nh, v kinh t hn so vi mi ghp c bch.
-Dng kt ni ny, thng gii hn cho van khng ln hn 2inch, -Dng kt ni ny, thng gii hn cho van khng ln hn 2inch,
khng khuyn khch dng khi nng cao nhit .
-Vic bo dng van c th phc tp khi kt ni ren bng ai c.V
khi cn thay th hay sa cha ta khng th ly ra ngoi m khng
ph v mt u ni bch hay khp ni bch
Lp van bng mt bch
c im: dng rt ph bin trong cc ng ng dn kh v lng
Kt ni bng mt bch th d dng tho lp ra khi ng ng.
Ph hp s dng nhng khong gi tr p sut lm vic cho hu ht
cc loi van, khong nhit lm vic t khng tuyt i n xp x 815
o
C.
Bn, lu hng
C 3 cch ni mt bch :
Flat- face (b mt phng) Flat- face (b mt phng)
Raise- face (mt nng)
Ring- Type Joint (khp hnh khuyn)
Lu khi lp van bng bch :
kn ca mi ghp bch ch yu do vt m quyt nh:
m c lm bng vt liu mm d bin dng, khi xit bu lng,
m b bin dng v in y ln cc ch g gh trn b mt ca bch. m b bin dng v in y ln cc ch g gh trn b mt ca bch.
Tng p sut ring tc dng ln m th kn ca mi ghp
bch tng ln.
Thng dng m phng
Vt liu m thng c s dng l: paronit, cao su, amiang,
cht do, cc kim loi mm nh ng, nhm, st non
Loi mt phng cho php tip xc mt hon
ton vi m lt c p gia chng.cu trc
ny thng dng nhit thp, van gang,
ng thau ( hp kim cha ng v km) v lm
ti thiu ng sut gy ra khi bt bulong ban u
Chu c p sut cao hn Flat- face cho p
sut t 414 bar (6000 psi) v cho nhit ti sut t 414 bar (6000 psi) v cho nhit ti
815
o
C
Mt bch khp hnh khuyn trng ging nh loi bch mt Mt bch khp hnh khuyn trng ging nh loi bch mt
nng ngoi tr rng ng rnh hnh ch U. c dng p
sut cao c th ln ti 1034 bar ( 15000psi), nhng hu ht
khng s dng nhit cao
Vt liu m p sut lm vic ln
nht (N/mm
2
)
Nhit ln nht ca
mi trng
CC LOI M
Paronit
Cao su
Dy amiang
ng
Ch
Nhm
Thp khng r X18H9T
6.4
1.0
0.3
5.0
0.6
2.5
Bt k
490
65
300
250
140
150
600 Thp khng r X18H9T
Thp cacbon non
Bt k
Bt k
600
450
Mt s lu khi lp t Van
-Cc van cn c lp t ti v tr d thao tc, vn hnh, c th
nm trn ng nm ngang hoc thng ng. Khi nm trn on ng nm
ngang th phi lp cc tay van ln pha trn.
-Khong h cc pha ca van thao tc v sa cha, tho lp -Khong h cc pha ca van thao tc v sa cha, tho lp
van khi cn.
-Phng php ni van ch yu l hn v ni bch. i vi van ni
bch cn lu s dng cc m kn thch hp. i vi van ni bng
phng php hn, khi hn trnh khng van qu nng lm hng ron bn
trong van. V th khi hn c th tho cc b phn chnh ca van hoc qun
bng gi nhng nc gim nhit phn thn van
-Trn thn van c mi tn ch chiu chuyn ng ca mi cht, cn
ch v lp t ng chiu. Trng hp trn mt bnh c nhiu van, cc
van cn lp thng hng v ngay pha trn cc bnh. Khng nn lp van v
tr qu cao kh thao tc vn hnh.