1/77

2/77



Li ni u


Tp Bi tp axit este c nhm bin son nhm mc ch em
n cho bn c kin thc v phng php gii cc loi bi tp trong
phn ni dung axit v este, ng thi gip cc bn rn luyn k nng gii
bi tp ca mnh.
Bi tp trong ti liu ny c chia thnh 2 loi: trc nghim v t
lun, ph hp vi nhu cu chung hin nay, vi h thng bi tp c phn
dng v hng dn gii, hy vng gip cc bn trong qu trnh luyn
tp.
Nhm chng ti c gng kim tra v khc phc nhng sai st,
tuy nhin, mt s li nh vn l iu kh lng trnh khi, do , hy vng
nhn c s gp ca cc bn.
Nhm tc gi

3/77

PHN I: AXIT CACBOXYLIC
DNG 1: HON THNH S PHN NG
V d 1:

Gii:
1) C
3
H
8

Cracking
CH
4
+ C
2
H
4

(X) (B) (A)
2) C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
C
2
H
4
Br
2

(A) (A
1
)
3) C
2
H
4
Br
2
+ 2NaOH CH
2
- CH
2
+ 2NaBr
(A
1
) OH OH
(A
2
)
4) CH
2
- CH
2
+ 2CuO CHO + 2Cu + 2H
2
O
OH OH CHO
(A
3
)
5) CHO + 4[Ag(NH
3
)
2
]OH t
o
COONH
4
+ 4Ag + + 6NH
3
+ 2H
2
O
CHO COONH
4

(A
4
)
Hoc vit:
CHO + 4Cu(OH)
2
+ 2NaOH t
o
COONa + 2Cu
2
+ + 6H
2
O
4/77

1500
o
C
dd KMnO
4
as
as
CHO COONa
6) COONH
4
+ 2H
2
SO
4
COOH + 2(NH
4
)
2
SO
4

COONH
4
COOH
(A
5
)

7) 2CH
4

lm lnh nhanh
C
2
H
2
+ 3H
2

(B) (B
1
)
8) C
2
H
2
+ 4[O] COOH
COOH
V d 2:

Gii:
1) C
2
H
5
COOH +Cl
2
CH
3
- CH - COOH + HCl
Cl (A)
2) C
2
H
5
COOH +Cl
2
CH
2
- CH
2
- COOH + HCl
Cl (B)

3) CH
3
- CH - COOH + NaOH CH
3
CHCOONa + H
2
O + NaCl
Cl (A) OH (A
1
)
4) 2CH
3
- CH - COONa + H
2
SO
4
2CH
3
- CH - COOH + Na
2
SO
4

OH OH (A
2
)
5/77

H
2
SO
4

180
o
C
H
2
SO
4

180
o
C
5) CH
3
- CH - COOH H
2
= CH - COOH = H
2
O
OH (C)
6) CH
2
- CH
2
- COOH + 2NaOH CH
2
- CH
2
- COONa + NaCl + H
2
O
Cl (B) OH (B
1
)
7) 2CH
2
- CH
2
- COONa + H
2
SO
4
2CH
2
- CH
2
- COOH + Na
2
SO
4

OH (B
1
) OH (B
2
)
8) CH
2
- CH
2
- COOH CH
2
= CH - COOH + H
2
O
OH (B
2
) (C)
9) CH
2
= CH - COOH + ROH CH
2
= CH - COOR + H
2
O
(C) (D)
10) nCH
2
= CH - COOR -CH
2
-CH-
COOR
n


DNG 2: IU CH CC AXIT HU C

V d: a) Vit s cc phn ng iu ch CH
3
COOH, Cl
2
CHCOOH, ClCH
2
COOH v
BrCH
2
COOH i t vi, than , mui n... Sp xp cc axit trn theo trnh t tng dn tnh
axit v gii thch.
b) Ngi ta iu ch cht dit c 2,4, 5 Cl
3
C
6
H
2
OH
2
COOH (hay 2, 4, 5 T) bng cch cho
1,2, 4, 5 Cl
4
C
6
H
2
vo dung dch NaOH (trong ru) ri cho thm Cl - CH
2
COOH. Dng cng
thc cu to vit s cc phn ng. V sao hn hp da cam (thnh phn chnh l 2, 4, 5T v
2, 4 D) m M dng trong chin tranh Vit Nam gy tc hi rt ln n con ngi?
Gii:
a) * S iu ch:
NaCl
.p.n.c

1
2
Cl
2
+ Na
6/77




* Sp xp theo trt t tnh axit tng dn:
Cl
H - CH
2
COOH < CH
2
- COOH < CH
2
- COOH < CH - COOH
Br Cl Cl
Gii thch:
- Khc nhau v m in: H< Br < Cl
- Khc nhau v s nguyn t clo.
b) * S phn ng:
7/77


* c hi ch yu v cht dioxin

DNG 3: NHN BIT CC AXIT HU C
V d:
1. Cn dng cc phn ng ha hc g phn bit 4 cht:
CH
3
COOH, HCOOH, CH
2
=CH-COOH, CH
3
-CHO
2. Cn dng cc phn ng g phn bit 6 cht lng: ru propylic, ru isopropylic,
axetanehit, glixrin, ete etylic v axit axelic.
Gii:
1. a) Ly mi cht mt t cho tc dng vi mui cacbonat (v d Na
2
CO
3
), cht no khng
cho kh thot ra l anehhit CH
3
CHO.
b) Ly mi axit mt t cho tc dng vi AgNO
3
trong amonlac, ch c axit fomic cho
phn ng trng gng:
HCOOH + 2AgNO
3
+ 3NH
3
+ H
2
O (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
+ 2NH
4
NO
3
+ 2Ag+
c) Cho mt t nc brom vo 2 axit cn li; axit acrylic lm mt mu nc brom:
C
=2
= CH - COOH + Br
2
CH
2
Br - CHBr - COOH
2. Trc ht dng qu tm hoc mui cacbonat hoc kim loi nhn bit axit axetic.
- Qu tm bin thnh .
8/77

- Na
2
CO
3
+ 2CH
3
COOH 2CH
3
COONa + H
2
O + CO
2
|
- 2CH
3
COOH + Fe Fe(CH
3
COO)
2
+ H
2

- Dng Cu(OH)
2
bit glixerin:

- Dng phn ng trng gng nhn bit axetanehit
CH
3
- CHO + 2AgNO
3
+ 3NH
3
+ H
2
O CH
3
- COONH
4
+ 2NH
4
NO
3
+ 2Ag +
- Cho Na kim loi vo 3 cht cn li, ete khng tc dng vi Na nn khng c kh thot
ra:
2CH
3
- CH
2
- CH
2
OH + 2Na 2CH
3
- CH
2
- CH
2
ONa = H
2
|
2CH
3
- CH - OH + 2Na 2CH
3
- CH - Ona + H
2
|
CH
3
CH
3

- phn bit 2 ru, trc ht cn oxi ha chng bng CuO, sau ly sn phm thc
hin trng gng:
CH
3
- CH
2
- CH
2
OH + CuO CH
3
- CH
2
- CHO - Cu + H
2
O
CH
3
- CH - OH + CuO CH
3
- C = O + Cu + H
2
O
CH
3
CH
3

CH
3
- CH
2
- CHO + 2AgNO
3
+ 3NH
3
+ H
2
O
CH
3
- CH
2
- COONH
4
+ 2NH
4
NO
3
+ 2Ag+
CH
3
- C - CH
3
khng tham gia phn ng trng gng
O


9/77

DNG 4: XC NH CNG THC PHN T V CNG THC CU TO CA CC
AXIT HU C

V d 1: Khi ha hi 1,0g axit hu c n chc no (A) ta c mt th tch va ng bng th
tch ca 0,535g oxi trong cng iu kin.
Cho mt lng d A tc dng vi 5,4g hn hp hai kim loi M v M thy sinh ra 0,45
mol hiro. T l s mol M i vi M trong hn hp l 3:1. KLNT ca M bng 1/3 KLNT ca
M. Ha tr ca M l II, ha tr ca M l III. Este ca A i vi mt ru n chc no lu b
thy phn mt phn. trung ha hn hp sinh ra t 18,56g este ny phi dng 20ml dung dch
NaOH 0,50M v x phng ha lng este cn li phi dng thm 300ml dung dch NaOH ni
trn.
a) Xc nh KLPT v cng thc cu to ca axit.
b) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
c) Xc nh KLNT ca hai kim loi.
d) Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cc cng thc cu to c th c ca este.
e) Vit cng thc cu to ca ru, bit rng khi oxi ha khng hon ton ru sinh ra
anehit tng ng, c mch nhnh.
Gii:
a) Cc kh (hi) trong cng iu kin c th tch nh nhau th cng c s mol bng nhau.
0,535g oxi ng vi
0, 535
32
=
1
6
mol oxi
Vy: 1g A ng vi
1
60
mol A. Suy ra KLPT ca A bng 60 .v.C
Bit A l axit no n chc, ta c:
C
n
H
2n+1
- COOH = 60
V COOH = 45
Do C
n
H
2n+1
= 60 - 45 = 15
Vy n = 1
10/77

l axit axetic CH
3
COOH
b) Cc phng trnh phn ng:
Tc dng vi kim loi:
2CH
3
COOH + M M(CH
3
COOH)
2
+ H
2
| (1)
6CH
3
COOH + 2M 2M(CH
3
COOH)
3
+ 3H
2
| (2)
Thy phn este c ru C
m
H
2m+1
OH v axit axetic:
CH
3
COOC
m
H
2m+1
+ H
2
O CH
3
COOH + C
m
H
2m+1
OH (3)
Trung ha axit:
CH
3
COOH + NaOH + CH
3
COONa + H
2
O (4)
X phng ha este:
CH
3
COOC
m
H
2m+1
NaOH CH
3
COONa + C
m
H
2m+1
OH (5)
c) Xc nh KLPT ca kim loi:
Gi x, y l s gam M v M trong hn hp; M v 3M l KLPT ca chng. Ta c:
x + y = 5,4

x
M
:
3
y
M
= 3
Do : x = y =
5, 4
2
= 2,7g
Da theo (1) v (2) ta c:

2, 7
M
+
3.2, 7
2.3M
=
2, 7
M
+
2, 7
2M
= 0,45
Do : M = 9 (berili) v 3M = 27 (nhm)
d) Cng thc cu to ca este:
Theo (3) v (4) mi mol este b thy phn sinh ra mt mol axit t do v do cn 1 mol
NaOH trung ha, s mol dng trung ha bng mol este b thy phn:
11/77


0, 5.20
1000
= 0,01 mol,
S mol este tham gia x phng ha

0, 5.300
1000
= 0,15 mol,
S mol este ban u (cha thy phn)
0,15 + 0,01 = 0,16 mol
Phn t lng ca este:

18, 56.1
0,16
= 116
Ta c th vit:
CH
3
COOC
m
H
2m+1
= 116
59 + 12m + 2m + 1 = 116 m = 4
Cng thc este: CH
3
COOC
4
H
9

Cc cng thc cu to c th c ca este:
CH
3
COO - CH
2
- CH
2
- CH
2
- CH
2

CH
3
COO - CH - CH
2
- CH
3

CH
3

CH
3
COO - CH
2
- CH(CH
3
)
2
, CH
3
COOC(CH
3
)
3
,
e) Cng thc cu to ca ru. Tng ng vi cc cu to trn ca este ta c cc cng
thc ca ru.
CH
3
- CH
2
- CH
2
- CH
2
- OH,

12/77

Trong ch c (CH
3
)
2
CH - CH
2
- OH l c th b oxi ha sinh ra anehit mch nhnh
nh nu trong bi.

V d 2: un hp cht A vi nc (dng axit v c lm xc tc) ta c axit hu c B v ru
D, t khi hi ca B so vi nit l 2,57. Cho hi ru D i qua ng nung nng ng bt ng
lm xc tc th sinh ra hp cht E c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. t chy hon
ton 2,80g cht A phi dng ht 3,9l oxi (ktc), sn phm chy gm c kh cacbnic v hi nc
theo t l:

2
CO
V
=
2
3
2
H O
V

a) Cho bit A v E thuc nhng loi hp cht g?
b) Xc nh KLPT, cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca B.
c) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca D, bit rng D l ru 1 ln ru.
Gii:
a) Cht A l mt este v khi thy phn ta c mt axit hu c v ru.
Cht E l mt anehit v E to thnh khi un nng hi ru c Cu xc tc v v E c kh
nng phn ng trng gng.
b) KLPT ca B = 2,57.28 = 72 .v.C
V khi lng ca 2 nhm COOH = 2.45 = 90 nn B ch c th l axit n chc v cng
thc tng qut ca B l C
n
H
m
COOH.
Suy ra gc C
n
H
m
= 72 - 45 = 27
V C
n
H
m
= 27 nn n < 3 v nguyn dng, do n ch c th bng 1 v 2
n m C
n
H
m
Nhn xt
1 15 CH
15
- V l v C khng c ha tr qu IV
2 3 C
2
H
3
- ng, y l gc khng no ha tr I: C
n
H
2n-1

Vy, cng thc ca B l C
2
H
3
COOH v cng thc cu to ca B l:
13/77

CH
2
= CH - COOH
c) C th tm s gam C, H, O theo s gam hoc s mol CO
2
, H
2
O v.v... 1,8g C: 0,20g H
v 0,80g C.
Gi cng thc phn t ca A l C
x
H
y
O
z
, tm cng thc n gin nht:
x : y : z = 3 : 4 : 1.
(C
3
H
4
O)
n
. V ta bit axit 1 ln axit v ru 1 ln ru nn mi phn t A ch c 2 nguyn
t oxi, ngha l n phi bng 2.
Vy cng thc phn t ca A l C
6
H
8
O
2
v cng thc ca axit l C
2
H
3
COOH nn cng
thc este CH
2
= CH - COOC
3
H
5
v ru D c cng thc phn t l C
3
H
5
OH.

V d 3:
t chy hon ton 1,608 gam cht A thu c 1,272 gam s a v 0,528 gam kh cacbonic.
Cho A tc dng vi dung dch HCl ta thu c mt axit hu c 2 ln axit (B)
1. Xc nh cng thc phn t, vit cng thc cu to ca A.
2. Cho axit B tc dng vi hn hp ru etylic v metylic. Hi c th to thnh cc loi este
g, vit cng thc cu to thu gn ca chng.

Gii:
1. Gi cng thc ca A l C
x
Na
y
O
z
ta c:
A + O
2
Na
2
CO
3
+ CO
2

Cng thc n gin nht ca A l (CNaO
2
)
n

(c th tm cng thc n gin nht theo bt c cch no khc, nh theo khi lng C,
Na, O,)
V A tc dng vi HCl cho ta axit hai ln axit (c 2 nhm COOH, ngha l c 4 nguyn
t oxi) do n phi bng 2
Vy cng thc phn t ca A l C
2
Na
2
O
4
. V l mui ca axit hai ln axit nn cng thc
cu to l:
NaOOC COONa
14/77

2. V B l axit hai ln axit HOOC-COOH nn khi tc dng vi hn hp CH
3
OH v
C
2
H
5
OH c th to thnh 5 este sau
CH
3
OOC COOH; CH
3
OOC COOCH
3
;
C
2
H
5
OOC COOH; C
2
H
5
OOC COOC
2
H
5
;
CH
3
OOC COOC
2
H
5
;
MT S BI TP TNG HP:

Bi 1: Cho hai axit cacbonxylic A v B. Nu cho hn hp A v B tc dng ht vi Na thu c
s mol H
2
bng tng s mol ca A v B trong hn hp. Nu trn 20 gam dung dch axit A
23% vi 50 gam dung dch axit B 20,64% c dung dch D, trung ha hon ton D cn
200ml dung dch NaOH 1,1M.
a) Tm cng thc cu to ca A v B.
b) un nng hn hp A v B vi ru no X mch h, to ra hn hp cc este trong c
este E. E khng c kh nng tc dng vi Na to ra H
2
. t chy hon ton V lt hi E cn 7,5V
O
2
to ra 7V CO
2
v 5V hi H
2
O (th tch o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Tm cng thc
cu to ca E v X.
Hng dn:
a) t cng thc: (A) R
1
(COOH)
n
(x mol)


(B) R
2
(COOH)
m
(x mol)
(A) R
1
(COOH)
n
+ nNa R
1
(COONa)
n
+
2
n
H
2
| (1)
(B) R
2
(COOH)
m
+ mNa R
1
(COONa)
m
+
2
m
H
2
| (2)
Theo : 0,5(nx + my) = 0,5(x + y) n = m = 1
(A), (B) u n chc.
m
A
=
23.20
100
= 4,6 (gam); m
B
=
20, 64.50
100
= 10,32 (gam)
(A) R
1
COOH + NaOH R
1
COONa + H
2
O (3)
(B) R
2
COOH + NaOH R
2
COONa + H
2
I (4)
15/77

T (3, 4) v bi cho:
N
NaOH
= x + y = 0,2.1,1 = 2,2 (mol)
( ) x M =
( )
( )
x
x
m
n
=
4, 6 10, 32
0, 22
+
= 67,81
Suy ra: M
A
< ( ) x M < M
B

R
1
+ 45 < 67,81 < R
2
+ 45 R
1
< 22,8
Vy gc (R
1
-) ch c th l (1) hay (15) ngha l (H-) hay (CH
3
-). Xt 2 trng hp:
* Nu (A) l HCOOH:
n
(B)
= 0,22 -
4, 6
46
| |
|
\ .
= 0,12 (mol)
M
B
=
10, 32
0,12
= 86
(B) l C
3
H
5
COOH (3 ng phn, c 1 ng phn cis-trans)
* Nu (A) l CH
3
COOH:
n
(B)
= 0,22 -
4, 6
60
| |
|
\ .
=
8, 6
60
(mol)
M
B
=
10, 32
8, 6
60
= 72
(B) l C
2
H
3
COOH (hay CH
2
= CH - COOH)
b) Cng thc cu to E, X:
t cng thc phn t R l C
x
H
y
O
z
, theo phng trnh phn ng chy:
C
x
H
y
O
z
+
2 4
z y
x + O
2
xCO
2
+
2
y
H
2
O
1V 7,5V 7V 5V
T t l v th tch suy ra t l v s mol:
16/77

C
x
H
y
O
z
+ 7,5O
2
7CO
2
+ 5H
2
O
Rt ra: x = 7; y = 10; z = 4
Cng thc phn t E: C
7
H
10
O
4
(M = 158)
V E khng tc dng vi Na gii phng kh H
2
nn E khng cha H linh ng trong -
COOH hoc -OH. Mt khc E c to ra t A, B l 2 axit n chc v ru no X. Nu E c
dng: (RCOO)
n
R; R, R l gc axit v ru.
E c 4 nguyn t O nn n = 2, cng thc phn t E l: (RCOO)
2
R.
Ta c: 2R + 88 + R = 158 2R + R = 70
Bin lun:
- Khi R = 1 (HCOOH): 2 x 1 + R = 70 R = 68
Cng thc phn t X: C
5
H
8
(OH)
2
l ru khng no (loi)
- Khi R = 41 (C
3
H
5
COOH): 82 + R = 70 R < 0 (loi)
- Khi R = 42 (E to bi HCOOH v C
3
H
5
COOH)
(41 + 1) + R = 70 R = 28; Cng thc phn t X: C
2
H
4
(OH)
2

- Khi R = 15 (CH
3
COOH) suy ra R = 40;
Cng thc phn t X: C
3
H
4
(OH)
2
(loi)
- Khi R = 27 (C
2
H
3
COOH) suy ra R = 16 (loi)
- Khi R = 15 + 27 (E to bi CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
3
COOH)
R = 28; cng thc phn t X: C
2
H
4
(OH)
2

Vy X l HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH ; E l HCOO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OOC-C
3
H
5
hay CH
3
COO - CH
2
-
CH
2
- CH
2
- OOC - C
2
H
3
.

Bi 2: C 2 dung dch axit hu c no, n chc A, B. Trn 1 lt A vi 3 lt B ta c 4 lt dung
dch D. trung ha 10 ml dung dch D cn 7,5 ml dung dch NaOH v to c 1,335 gam
mui.
17/77

Trn 3 lt A vi 1 lt B ta c 4 lt dung dch E. trung ha 10 ml dung dch E cn
12,5 ml dung dch NaOH trn v to c 2,085 gam mui.
a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc axit A, B.
b) Tnh nng mol ca dung dch NaOH.
Hng dn:
a) Cng thc phn t ca A, B.
Gi A: C
n
H
2n+1
COOH c nng mol x mol/l
B: C
m
H
2m+1
COOH c nng y mol/l
Gi nng mol ca NaOH z mol/l
Gi s 0 s n < m
Phn ng trung ha:
C
n
H
2n+1
COOH + NaOH C
n
H
2n+1
COONa + H
2
O
C
m
H
2m+1
COOH + NaOH C
m
H
2m+1
COONa + H
2
O
Th nghim I:
10ml ddD
10 1
2, 5 ml ddA
4
10 2, 5 7, 5 ml ddB
x
=

T n
axit
= N
NaOH

2, 5 7, 5
1000
x y +
=
7, 5
1000
x
x + 3y = 3z (I)
Th nghim II:
10ml ddE
3
10 7, 5 ml ddA
4
10 7, 5 2, 5 ml ddB
x

T n
axit
= N
NaOH

7, 5 2, 5
1000
x y +
=
12, 5
1000
x
3x + y = 5z (II)
Gii h phng trnh (I) v (II) suy ra:
18/77

x = 1,5z, y = 0,5z tc l: x = 3y
th nghim I:
m
mui
=
2, 5
1000
x
(14n + 68) +
7, 5
1000
y
(14m + 68) = 1,335 (o)
th nghim II:
m
mui
=
7, 5
1000
x
(14n + 68) +
2, 5
1000
y
(14m + 68) = 2,085 (|)
T (o) 7,5y[(14n + 68) + (14m + 68)] = 1335
y[(14n + 68) + (14m + 68)] = 178
y[14(n + m) = 136] = 178 (o)
T (|) 22,5y(14n + 68) + 2,5 (14m + 68) = 2085
2,5y[9(14n + 68) + (14m + 68)] = 12085
y[14(9n + m) = 680] = 834 (|)
Lp t s:
( ')
( ')
o
|
=
14( ) 136
14(9 ) 680
n m
n m
+ +
+ +
=
178
834

11676n + 11676m + 113424 = 22428n + 2492m + 121040
9184m - 10752n = 7617
143,5m - 168n = 119
n = 0 m = 0,82 (loi)
n = 1 m =2
Tip tc thay cc gi tr khc ca n u khng c m ph hp
Cng thc phn t ca A: CH
3
COOH
B: C
2
H
5
COOH
b) Nng mol/l ca dung dch NaOH
T y[14(n + m) + 136] = 178
19/77

Thay n = 1, m = 2 y =
178
14 3 136 x +
= 1
T y = 0,5z z =
1
0, 5
= 2 mol/l
Vy nng mol/l ca dung dch NaOH l: 2 mol/l

Bi 3: C hai axit hu c no: (A) RCOOH; (B) R(COOH)
m
. Hn hp (X) cha x mol (A) v y
mol (B). trung ha (X) cn 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M; cn nu t chy hon ton (X) th
thu c 11,2 lt CO
2
(ktc). Hn hp (Y) cha y mol (A) v x mol (B). trung ha (Y) cn
400 ml dung dch NaOH 1m. Bit x = y = 0,3 mol.
a) Xc nh CTPT ca cc axit v tnh % s mol ca mi axit trong hn hp (X).
b) Bit rng 1,26 gam tinh th axit (B) R(COOH)
m
, 2H
2
O tc dng va vi 250 ml
dung dch KMnO
4
trong mi trng H
2
SO
4
theo phn ng:
KMnO
4
+ (B) + H
2
SO
4
K
2
SO
4
+ MnSO
4
+ SO
2
| + H
2
O
Tnh nng mol ca dung dch KMnO
4
Hng dn:
a) Gi n l s nguyn t cacbon trung bnh ca 2 axit (A), (B) ta c:
n =
2
CO
hh
n
n
=
11, 2
22, 4
0, 3
= 1,667 (A) phi l HCOOH
t cng thc (B) l C
n
H
2n+2-m
(COOH)
m
ta c cc phng trnh phn ng:

HCOOH + NaOH HCOONa + H
2
O (1)
C
n
H
2n+2-m
(COOH)
m
+ mNaOH C
n
H
2n+2-m
(COONa)
m
+ mH
2
O (2)
HCOOH +
1
2
O
2

o
t
CO
2
| + H
2
O (3)
20/77

C
n
H
2n+2-m
(COOH)
m
+
3 1
2
n + | |
|
\ .
o
t
(n+m)CO
2
| + (n+1)H
2
O (4)
T (1,2,3,4) v bi cho:
Vi hn hp (X) n
NaOH
= x + my = 0,5 (I)
Vi hn hp (Y) n
NaOH
= mx + y = 0,4 (II)

2
CO
n = x + (n + m)y =
11, 2
22, 4
= 0,5 (III)
T (I, III): n = 0 m = 2. Vy trong (B) 2 nhm (-COOH) phi lin kt trc tip vi
nhau.
Cng thc cu to (B) l HOOC-COOH
* Gi %n
(A)
= a(%) th %n
B
= (100 - a) (%)
n =
5
3
=
1. 2(100 )
100
a a +

%n
(A)
= a = 33,33 (%)
V %n
(B)
= 100 - 33,33 = 66,67 (%)
b) Phng trnh phn ng:
2KMnO
4
+ 5C
2
H
2
O
4
+ 3H
2
SO
4
K
2
SO
4
+ 2MnSO
4
+ 10CO
2
|+ 8H
2
O (5)
T (5)
2 2 4. 2
.2 C H O H O
n
=
1, 26
90 36 +
= 0,01 (mol)
Vy:
4
ddKMnO
M
C
=
(2 / 5).0, 01
250
. 1000 = 0,016M
Bi 4: Cho 2,14g hn hp 2 hp cht hu c A, B tc dng ht vi xt ta c cht C v hn
hp mui natri ca 2 axit no, n chc, ng ng lin tip. Ton b C phn ng vi natri sinh ra
0,224 lt hir (tnh theo ktc). T khi hi ca C so vi khng kh bng 2. Cho D i qua ng Cu
t nng (xc tc) ta c cht D c th tham gia phn ng trng gng. A v B u lm mt
mu nc brm.
1. A, B, C, D thuc loi hp cht g?
21/77

2. Xc nh cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca A, B, C.
3. Tnh % khi lng ca A v B trong hn hp ban u.
4. Hon thnh s bin ha:
C
( )
o
t
Cu
D
2
2
O
Mn
+
+
E G
Hng dn:
1. Cht C tc dng vi Na gii phng H
2
, b oxi ha thnh anehit. Vy C l ru (bc
nht). A, B tc dng vi NaOH to thnh ru v mui. Vy A, B phi l cc este. V A, B lm
mt mu nc brm m gc axit no, vy gc ru phi khng no. D c th tham gia phn ng
trng gng. Vy D l anehit.
2. KLPT ca ru M 29.2 = 58. Cng thc tng qut ca ru l ROH)
n
. Nu n = 2 ta c
R = 58 - 2.17 = 24 ngha l ch cn 2 cacbon. Nh th cng thc ru l HO - C C - OH, ru
ny khng tn ti v khng b oxi ha thnh anehit. Vy C phi l ru n chc R - OH hay
C
x
H
y
- OH. Ta c:
R = C
x
H
y
= 14x + y = 58 - 17 = 41
(C th bin lun hoc lp bng tm R)
x 1 2 3
y 29 17 5
Kt lun Phi l Phi l C
3
H
5
Vy cng thc ca ru l C
3
H
5
OH hay Ch
2
= CH - CH
2
- OH (khng th l CH
3
- CH =
CH - OH v ru ny khng th b oxi ha thnh anehit)
Gi cng thc ca A, B l C
n
H
2n+1
COOC
3
H
5
v C
n+1
H
2n+3
COOC
3
H
5
ta c:
C
n
H
2n+1
COOC
3
H
5
+ NaOH C
n
H
2n+1
COONa + C
3
H
5
OH (1)
C
n+1
H
2n+3
COOC
3
H
5
+ NaOH C
n+1
H
2n+3
COONa + C
3
H
5
OH (2)
2C
3
H
5
OH + 2Na 2C
3
H
5
Ona + H
2
| (3)
Theo (1, 2, 3) s mol C = tng s mol A + B =
2 ln s mol H
2
= 2.
0, 224
22, 4
= 0,02
22/77

KLPTTB ca A v B l M =
2,14
0, 02
= 107, do phi c:
M
A
< 107 < M
B
, ngha l:
14n + 86 < 107 < 14n + 100 hay 0,5 < n < 1,5 tc l n = 1 (v n phi nguyn, dng)
Cng thc ca A v B l:
CH
3
- COO - CH
2
- CH = CH
2

V CH
3
- CH
2
- CO - CH
2
- CH = CH
2

(C th bin lun theo M ca gc axit = 22 (CH
3
-, C
2
H
5
-) hoc:

axit
M = 67(CH
3
COOH, CH
3
- CH
2
- COOH).
3. Gi x, y l s mol ca A v B ta c:
x + y = 0,02 (a) trong 100 v 114 l KLPT ca A v B
100x + 114y = 2,14 (b)
Gii h phng trnh (a,b) ta c x = y = 0,01
Vy %A =
0, 01.100.100
2,14
= 46,7%
%B = 100 - 46,7 = 53,3%
Bi 5:
Cho 50 ml dung dch A gm axit hu c RCOOH v mui kim loi kim ca axit tc dng
vi 120 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,125M, sau phn ng thu c dung dch B. trung ha
Ba(OH)
2
d trong B cn cho them 3,75 gam dung dch HCl 14,6% sau c cn dung dch thu
c 5,4325 gam mui khan. Mt khc, khi cho 50 ml dung dch A tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
d, un
nng thu c 1,05 lt hi axit hu c trn (o 136,5
o
C, 1,12 atm).
a) Tnh nng mol ca cc cht trong A
b) Tm cng thc ca axit v ca mui
c) Tnh pH ca dung dch 0,1 mol/l ca axit tm thy trn, bit in li =1%
Hng dn:
a) Tnh nng cc cht trong A, gm: axit RCOOH v mui RCOOM (M l kim loi
kim). S mol HCl cn trung ha Ba(OH)
2 d
trong dung dch B l:
23/77

Ta c

2HCl + Ba(OH)
2
BaCl
2
+ 2H
2
O (1)
(mol) 0,015 0,0075 0,0075

Khi cho 50 ml dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
, ch c axit RCOOH
tham gia phn ng:
2RCOOH + Ba(OH)
2
(RCOO)
2
Ba + 2H
2
O (2)
Ta c:

()

()
(
()

()

()
)
( )
Vy C
M(RCOOH)
= 0,015 : 0,05 = 0,3M
Khi cho 50 ml dung dch A tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
d, ch c RCOOM phn ng:
RCOOM + H
2
SO
4
RCOOH + MHSO
4
(3)

()

( )

Suy ra n
axit (3)
= 0,035 0,015 = 0,02 mol
C
M(RCOOM)
= 0,02:0,05 = 0,4M
b) Lp cng thc phn t mui v axit:
m
mui khan
= m
(RCOO)2Ba
+ m
RCOOM
+ m
BaCl2
= 5,4325 gam
(2R+225)0,0075 + (208.0,0075) + (R + M + 44)0,02 = 5,4325

Nghim thch hp M=39 (Kali), R=15 (CH
3
)
Vy cng thc phn t ca axit: CH
3
COOH v ca mui: CH
3
COOKt
c) Tnh pH ca dung dch CH
3
COOH phn li
Ta c

Theo phng trnh in li: CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+

[H
+
] = [CH
3
COOH]
in li
=10
-3
mol/l; pH = -lg[H
+
] = 3

Bi 6:
Oxi ha hn hp andehit fomic v andehit axetic hon ton thu c hn hp 2 axit tng ng
c t khi hi so vi hn hp anehit ban u bng a. Hy tm khong bin thin ca a bi
ton c nghim.
Hng dn:
24/77

()

()
T (1) v (2) suy ra n
HCOOH
= n
HCHO
= x (mol)

v

Ta c

{


()
Vy khong bin thin ca x l 1,36<a<1,53

Bi 7:
Oxi ha 53,2 gam hn hp mt ru n chc v mt anehit n chc thu c mt axit hu
c duy nht (gi s hiu sut phn ng t 100%). Cho lng axit ny tc dng ht vi m gam
dung dch hn hp NaOH 2% v Na
2
CO
3
13,25% th thu c dung dch ch cha mui ca axit
hu c, nng 21,87%
a) Xc nh cng thc ca ru v anehit ban u
b) Hi m c gi tr trong khong no?
c) Cho m = 400 gam. Tnh % khi lng ca ru v anehit trong hn hp ban u
Hng dn:
a) V ru v anehit u b oxi ha thnh mt axit hu c duy nht nn chng phi c
cng s cacbon. Cng thc c dng RCH
2
OH v RCHO
RCH
2
OH + O
2
RCOOH + H
2
O (1)
(mol) X x
RCHO + 1/2O
2
RCOOH (2)
(mol) Y y
RCOOH + NaOH RCOONa + H
2
O (3)
(mol) A a
2RCOOH + Na
2
CO
3
2RCOONa + H
2
O + CO
2
(4)
(mol) B 0,5b b 0,5b

25/77

T (1, 2, 3, 4)

Theo bi, ta c:

( )
( )

Gii ra: R = 15 (CH
3
). Vy cng thc ru v anehit l CH
3
CH
2
OH v CH
3
CHO
b)

Nn nu gi s:
- Hn hp ch ton ru, s mol hn hp khi l:

- Hn hp ch gm ton anehit, s mol hn hp khi l:

Do :

c) Ta c: m = 400 gam x + y = 400.0,003 = 1,2 mol
V m
hh
ban u = 46x + 44y = 53,2 gam
Gii ra: x = 0,2 mol, y = 1 mol
Vy thnh phn % khi lng ban u:

PHN II: ESTE

Dng 1: Hon thnh s chuyn ha khi bit r cc cht trong s

Bi 1:
26/77


3 3
4 4 2 2
2 4 3 3 2 2
CH COO OOC C H
COOH HOOC COONH NOOC H CHO HOC OH CH HOCH
CHO CH HO HCHO CH COONa CH CHO CH H C




Gii:
CHO CH O H CH CH
C HgSO
O
+
3
80 ,
2
4

O H O Cu COONa CH NaOH OH Cu CHO CH
O
t
2 2 3 2 3
3 ) ( 2 + + + +
3 2 4
,
3
CO Na CH NaOH COONa CH
O
t CuO
+ +
O H HCHO O CH
C t NO
O
2
,
2 4
+ +
CHO CH HO HCHO
OH


2
) (

OH CH CH HO H CHO CH HO
O
t Ni
+
2 2
,
2 2

O H Cu CHO HOC CuO OH CH CH HO
C t
O
2 2 2
2 2 2 + + +
Ag NO NH COONH NOOC H O H NH AgNO CHO HOC 4 4 2 6 4
3 4 4 4 2 3 3
+ + + + +
Cl NH COOH HOOC HCl COONH NOOC H
4 4 4
2 2 + +
O H CH COO OOC HC OH CH COOH HOOC
O
t SO H
2 3 3
,
3
2 2
4 2
+ +
Bi 2:


1.
2.
3.
2 2 2 2
o
t
CH CH CH OH CuO CH CH CHO Cu H O = + = + +
27/77

4.
2
2 2 2
1
2
Mn
CH CH CHO O CH CH COOH
+
= + =

5.
2 2 5 2 2 5 2
CH CH COOH C H OH CH CH COOC H H O = + = +

6.

Gii:
23.
2 3
HCOOCH CH NaOH HCOONa CH CHO = + +

24.
2
3 2 3
1
2
Mn
CH CHO O CH COOH
+
+

25. 3 3 2
CH COOH CH CH CH COOCH CH + =

26.
27.
28.

Bi 3:
28/77


Gii:
29.
6 5 3 3 3 6 5 3
C H OH CH C O C CH CH COOC H CH COOH
O O
+ +
30.
3 6 5 3 6 5
CH COOC H NaOH CH COONa C H OH + +

31.
3 2 4 3 2 4
2CH COONa H SO CH COOH Na SO + +

32. ( ) ( )
3 3 2
2 2
2 2 CH COOH Ca OH CH COO Ca H O + +


33.
( )
3 3 3 3
2
o
t
CH COO Ca CH C CH CaCO
O
+

34.

35.

Bi 4:

29/77


36.
4 10 4 6 2
600
2
o
Dehidro
C
C H C H H +

37.
2 2 2 2 2
| |
CH CH CH CH Br CH CH CH CH
Br Br
= = + =

38.

39.

40.


41.


42.
30/77


43.




Dng 2: Hon thnh s chuyn ha khi cha bit r cc cht trong s

Bi 1: Hon thnh chui bin ha sau:


A, B, D, F, ,G ,H l k hiu cc cht hu c cha bit, mi du hi l mt cht cn tm, mi mi
tn l mt phn ng.
Gii:
2 2
,
2
CH CH H CH CH
O
t Ni
= + (A)
OH CH CH O H CH CH
C SO H
O
+ =
2 3
180 ,
2 2 2
4 2

O H B CHO CH O OH H C
O
t Cu
2 3
,
2 5 2
2 ) ( 2 2 + +
31/77

OH CH CH H CHO CH
O
t Ni
2 3
,
2 3
+
CHO CH O H CH CH
C HgSO
O
+
3
80 ,
2
4
(B)
COOH CH O CHO CH
O
t Mn
3
,
2 3
2 2
2
+
+
(D)
O H H COOC CH OH H C COOH CH
O
t SO H
2 5 2 3
,
5 2 3
4 2
+ +
COONa CH F OH H C NaOH H COOC CH
3 5 2 5 2 3
) ( + +
CHCl CH HCl CH CH
O
t xt
= +
2
,
(G)
HCl B CHO CH O H CHCl CH
OH
+ + =

) (
3
) (
2 2

OH CH CH H B CHO CH
O
t Ni
2 3
,
2 3
) ( +
2 5 2 5 2
CH CH O H C CH CH OH H C
xt
= +
2 3
,
2 CHCl CH HCl CH CH
O
t xt
+ (H)
HCl B CHO CH O H CHCl CH
OH
2 ) (
3
) (
2 2 3
+ +


Ag COOH CH O Ag CHO CH
NH AgNO
2
3
/
2 3
3 3
+ +
+

3 2
,
3
CH OCO CHC CH COOH CH CH CH
O
t xt
= +
Bi 2:

7.
2 5 2 5
HCOOC H NaOH HCOONa C H OH + +

8. 2 4 2 4
2HCOONa H SO HCOOH Na SO + +

32/77

9.
2
HCOOH NaOH HCOONa H O + +

10.
2 5 2 2 5
xt
HCOOC H H O HCOOH C H OH + +

11.
2 5 2 5 2
HCOOH C H OH HCOOC H H O + +

12.
( ) ( )
3 4 3 3 2
2 2
2 2 2 HCOOH Ag NH OH NH CO Ag NH H O ( + + + + +


13.
( )
4 3 3 2 2 3
2
2 2 2 NH CO NaOH NH H O Na CO + |+ +

14.
( ) ( )
4 3 2 4 4 4 2 2
2 2
NH CO H SO NH SO CO H O + + |+

Bi 3:

15.
1500
4 2 2 2
m lanh nhanh
2 3
o
C
l
CH C H H +

16.
4
2 3
60 80
o
HgSO
C
CH CH H O CH CHO

+

17.
2
3 2 3
1
2
Mn
CH CHO O CH COOH
+
+

18. 3 3 2
CH COOH CH CH CH COOCH CH + =

19.
3 2 3 3
CH COOCH CH NaOH CH COONa CH CHO = + +

33/77

20.
3 2 4 3 2 4
2 2 CH COONa H SO CH COOH Na SO + +

21.
( )
3 3 3 4 3 2
2
2 2 3
o
t
CH CHO Ag NH OH CH COONH Ag NH H O ( + + + + +

22.
( )
3 4 2 4 3 4 4
2
2CH COONH H SO CH COOH NH SO + +


Dng 3: Xc nh c ch ca phn ng

Bi 1: Khi cho tert-butyl axetat v etyl axetat tc dng vi natri metylat trong dung mi metanol,
u thu c metyl axetat, nhng phn ng ca etyl axetat chy nhanh gp 10 ln phn ng
ca tert-butyl axetat. Mt khc khi c mt lng nh hidroclorua th metanol nhanh chng phn
ng vi tert-butylaxxetat to tra axit axetic v tert-butyl metyl ete, trong khi methanol li
phn ng rt chm vi etyl axetat to ra etanol v metyl axetat.
a) Vit phng trnh ha hc biu din c ch ca nhng phn ng trn.
b) C th s dng ng v
18
O nh th no chng minh c c ch cc phn ng
trn?
Gii:
a) C ch ca cc phn ng vi natri metylat:
(*)
Khi gc R l gc tert-butyl (CH
3
)
3
C- th giai on u ca phn ng s xy ra chm
v gc tert-butyl c kch thc ln gy n ng khng gian mnh.
Khi gc R l gc etyl C
2
H
5
- th s n ng khng gian t hn rt nhiu nn phn ng
ca etyl axetat xy ra nhanh hn phn ng ca tert-butyl axetat.
C ch phn ng vi metanol khi c mt xc tc axit (HCl) c th theo mt trong 2 s
sau:
34/77

(1)
(2)
V cacbocation bc III bn v d to ra do vy khi R l gc tert-butyl (CH
3
)
3
C- th to
ra (CH
3
)
3
C
(+)
phn ng xy ra nhanh, to ra axit v este tc l phn ng xy ra theo s
(2). Khi R l gc etyl th vic to ra cation CH
3
CH
2
(+)
l khng thun li do
phn ng xy ra theo c ch s (1) to ra este mi v ancol.
b) chng minh c ch no ng ta dng metanol cha
ng v
18
O
(CH
3
-
18
O-H). Nu phn ng xy ra theo c ch (*) v (1) th ch c este to thnh mi
cha ng v
18
O. Ngc li nu theo c ch (2) th este to ra cha ng v
18
O.
Bi 2: Sildenafil (mt loi thuc tng lc) c tng hp theo s :









35/77
















1. Hy hon chnh dy phn ng trn, bit rng:
o Qu trnh chuyn sang G c to thnh axit sunfonic trung gian sau mi
chuyn thnh sunfonyl clorua.
o N,N
,
-cacbonyliimiazol (CDI) l mt loi tc nhn dng hot ho axit
cacboxylic cho phn ng th nucleophin ca nhm cacbonyl.
2. Vit c ch phn ng chuyn [I] thnh K.
Gii:




36/77


























37/77








2. C ch t [I] sang K










Bi 3: Vit cng thc cu trc cc dng enol ca dietylmalonat (1), Etylaxetoaxetat (2). Trong
cc cu trc ca (2), cho bit dng no bn nht, dng no km bn. Gii thch?
Gii:
a. Cc cu trc



38/77




b. Trong :
- Dng A t bn do ni i khng lin hp
- Dng B bn nhng khng c cng hng este
- Dng C bn nht do c ni i lin hp v cng hng este

















Dng 4: Vit cng thc cu to, gi tn este khi bit cng thc phn t.
39/77


Bi 1: Vit CTCT, gi tn cc ng phn n chc, mch h c th c ng vi CTPT C
3
H
6
O
2

Gii:
C
3
H
6
O
2
c bt bo ha =1 v phn t c 2 nguyn t oxi
Nn c ng phn v este n chc no v axit cacboxylic n chc, no.
- ng phn este: HCOOC
2
H
5
: etyl fomiat
CH
3
COOCH
3
: metyl axetat
- ng phn axit cacboxylic: CH
3
CH
2
COOH: axit propionic
Bi 2: Vit CTCTcc ng phn n chc, mch h c th c ng vi CTPT C
4
H
6
O
2

Gii:
C
3
H
6
O
2
c bt bo ha =2 v phn t c 2 nguyn t oxi
Nn c ng phn v este n chc, khng no c mt ni oi gc v ng phn axit
cacboxylic n chc, khng no c mt ni i gc.
- ng phn este: HCOOCH = CH CH
3

HCOOCH
2
CH = CH
2

CH
3
COOCH = CH
2

CH
2
= CHCOOCH
3

- ng phn axit cacboxylic: CH
2
= CH CH
2
COOH
CH
3
CH = CH COOH
CH
2
= C(CH
3
) COOH
Bi 3: Cho s phn ng:
CH
3
CH=CHCOOCH=CHCH
3
dd Br
2
(1:1) (B) dd NaOH (C) + (D)
a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca cc sn phm trn v tn gi A, B, C, D.
b) Cho bit loi c ch ca cc phn ng trn.
c) Hy ch r cc ng phn lp th ca A, B, C, D. C bao nhiu loi ng phn lp
th?
d) Khi A c cu hnh bn nht th cu trc ca B nh th no?
e) Khi A c cu hnh bn nht. Tin hnh phn ng gia A vi D
2
/Ni, LiAlH
4
. Cho
bit cu trc cc sn phm to thnh.
Gii:
a)b)
40/77

Tn gi: A: (1-propenyl) but-2-enoat.
B: (1,2-ibrom propyl) but-2-enoat.
C: natri but-2-enoat.
D: 2-hiroxi propanal.
c) A c 4 ng phn hnh hc v c 2 ni i C=C.
B c 8 ng phn cu hnh, C c 2 ng phn cu hnh v D c 2 ng phn cu hnh.
d) K hiu gc:
e) A + D
2
(Ni/t
o
) => 4 ng phn cu hnh.

Dng 5: Xc nh este thng qua phn ng t chy.

Bi 1: t chy 1 este n chc no cn va 0,35 mol O
2
thu c 0,3 mol CO
2
. Xc nh CT
Este bit rng khi tc dng vi xt thu c sn phm c kh nng trng gng. Xc nh tn
este.
Gii:
Ta c: n = 3 => CTPT ca este : C
3
H
6
O
2

Khi tc dng xt thu c sn phm c kh nng trng gng
=> CTPT l HCOOCH
2
-CH
3

Bi 2: un hp cht A vi H
2
O (c axit v c lm xc tc) c axit hu c B v ancol D. T
khi hi ca B so vi nit l 2,57. Cho hi ancol D i qua ng un nng ng bt ng th sinh
ra hp cht E c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. t chy hon ton 2,8 g cht A
phi dng ht 3,92 lt O
2
(ktc). Sn phame chy gm c kh CO
2
v hi H
2
O theo t l s mol
bng 3:2.
a) Cho bit A v E thuc loi hp cht no?
b) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca B.
c) Xc nh cng thc cu to v gi tn ca A bit D l ancol n chc.
Gii:
a) un hp cht A vi H
2
O (c axit v c lm xc tc) c axit hu c v ancol nn A l
este.
Cho hi ancol D i qua ng un nng ng bt ng th sinh ra hp cht E c kh nng
tham gia phn ng trng gng nn E l andehit.
b) m
B
= 28.2,57 = 72 (g/mol)
V khi lng 2 nhm COOh l 90 nn phn t B chie c mt nhm COOH.
41/77

t cng thc chung ca B l RCOOH.
M
B
= M
R
+ 45 = 72 M
R
= 27 R l nhm C
2
H
3
.
cng thc cu to ca B l: CH
2
= CH COOH
c) g m mol n
O O
6 , 5 175 , 0
2 2
= =
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng c:

g m
g m g m
g m g m
m
m
C
g m m m m
O
H O H
C CO
O H
CO
O A O H CO
8 , 0 8 , 1 8 , 2
2 , 0 8 , 1
8 , 1 6 , 6
3
11
18 . 2
44 . 3
:
) ( 4 , 8 6 , 5 8 , 2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
= =
= =
= =
= =
= + = + = +

t cng thc chung ca A l
Z Y X
O H C
1 : 4 : 3
16
8 , 0
:
1
2 , 0
:
12
8 , 1
: : = = z y x
Cng thc n gin nht ca A l C
3
H
4
O. Cng thc phn t ca A l C
6
H
8
O
2
( v D l ancol
n chc nn A cng l este n chc).
Cng thc cu to cuae A: CH
2
= CHCOOCH
2
CH = CH
2

Bi 3: Cho hn hp X gm 2 este ca 2 axit k tip nhau trong dy ng ng l R
1
COOR v
R
2
COOR. t chy hon ton 20,1g X cn 146,16 lt khng kh (ktc). Sn phm chy thu c
cho qua bnh 1 ng H
2
SO
4
c v sau qua bnh 2 ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d. Sau th
nghim khi lng bnh 1 tng m gam v khi lng bnh 2 tng 41,6g. Mt khc, nu cho
3,105g X tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 2,529g hn hp mui.
a) Tnh m.
b) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 este.
c) Tnh % khi lng mi este trong X.
d) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca 2 este.
e) Tnh khi lng mi mui sau phn ng x phng ha.
Gii:
a) n
O2
= 146,16/22,4.20% = 1,305 ; n
CO2
= 46,2/44 = 1,05.
X + O
2
=> CO
2
+ H
2
O
p dng LBTKL ta c:
42/77

m
H2O
= 20,1 + 1,305.32 - 46,2 = 15,66 (g) => n
H2O
= 15,66/18 = 0,87 (mol).
b) V 2 este l ca 2 axit ng ng k tip v cng ancol.
cng thc trung bnh C
x
H
y
O
2
, trong x v y l s nguyn t C v H trung bnh.
C
x
H
y
O
2
+ (x+y/4-1)O
2
xCO
2
+ y/2H
2
O.
Gi a l tng s mol ca 2 este ta c: ax = n
CO2
= 1,05 ; ay/2 = n
H2O
= 0,87 ;
a( x + y/4 -1) = n
O2
= 1,305 => a = 0,18 ; x = 5,8 ; y = 9,7.
V s nguyn t H trong 2 este phi l s chn => cng thc phn t ca 2 este l C
5
H
8
O
2
(M =
100 vC) v C
6
H
10
O
2
(M = 114 vC).
c) C
5
H
8
O
2
: 2 v C
6
H
10
O
2
: (0,18 ) + O
2

t
o

n
CO2
= 5 + 6(0,18 ) = 1,05
= 0,03 % C
5
H
8
O
2
= 14,93% v % C
6
H
10
O
2
= 85,07%.
d) RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH
n
mui
= n
este
= 0,18.3,015/20,1 = 0,027
M
mui
=2,529/0,027 = 93,66 R = 93,66 67 = 26,66 (vC).
Gc R<26,66 ch c th l CH
3
- (M = 15) v gc R>26,66 l C
2
H
5
- (M = 29)
Cng thc cu to 2 este l CH
3
COOC
3
H
5
v C
2
H
5
COOC
3
H
5
.
e) V s mui t l vi s mol este ta c :
n
C2H5COOC3H5
= 0,027.0,15/0,18 = 0,0225 m
C2H5COOC3H5
= 2,16 (g)
m
CH3COOC3H5
= 2,529 2,16 = 0,369 (g).

Dng 6: Xc nh este thng qua phn ng thy phn.

Bi 1: t chy hon ton 1 mol este X thu c 3 mol CO
2
. Mt khc khi x phng ha hon
ton 1 mol este thu c 8,2g mui Natri. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca este
S cacbon = = 3 => este n chc
Gii:
V este n chc nn n
este
= n
mui
= 0,1(mol)
M
mui
= = 82
RCOONa
=82
R
= 82 67 =15
=>R l nhm CH
3

Vy CTCT ca X l: CH
3
COOCH
3

43/77

Bi 2: Thy phn hon ton mt este X c d
X/H2
= 44 thu c mui Natri c khi lng bng
41/44 m
este
. Xc nh CTCT ca este.
Gii:
Ta c: d
X/H2
= 44
=>M
X
= 88 < 100
=>este X l este n chc => CT: C
x
H
y
O
2

=> n
este
= n
mui
=> C
4
H
8
O
2

Ta c: m
mui
= 41/44 m
este


=>M
mui
= 82 M
RCOONa
= 82
R = 15 => R l nhm -CH
3

Vy CTCT ca X l CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

Bi 3: Mt este n chc X c d
X/CH4
= 6,25. Cho 20g X tc dng vi 300ml dd KOH 1M un
nng. C cn dd thu c 28g cht rn. Xc nh CTCT ca X.
Gii:
M
X
= 6,25 . 16 = 100(g) => CTPT l C
5
H
8
O
2

RCOOR + KOH RCOOK + ROH
n
RCOOR
= 20/100 = 02, (mol)
n
KOH
= 0,3 (mol)
=>KOH d
n
KOHd
= 0,3 0,2 =0,1(mol)
m
cht rn
= m
mui
+ m
KOH d
= 28
0,2(R + 83) + 0,1.56 = 28
R = 29 => R l nhm C
2
H
5

Ta c: 29 + 12 + 16.2 + R = 100 => R = 27 (C
2
H
3
)
Vy CTCT ca X l C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
3

Bi 4: t chy 1,6 g mt este E n chc c 3,52 g CO
2
v 1,152 g H
2
O.
a) Tm cng thc phn t ca E.
b) cho 10 g E tc dng vi lng d NaOH va , c cn dd sau phn ng c 14 g mui
khan G. Cho G tc dng vi dd axit long thu c G
1
khng phn nhnh. Tm cng thc
cu to ca E.
c) X l mt ng phn ca E. X tc dng vi NaOH to ra mt ancol m khi t chy mt
th tch hi ancol ny cn 3 th tch kh O
2
o cng iu kin. Xc nh cng thc cu to
ca X.
Gii:
a) Gi CTPT ca E l
Z Y X
O H C

0 ( 032 , 0
16
128 , 0 12 . 08 , 0 6 , 1
) ( 128 , 0 064 , 0 . 2 ) ( 064 , 0
18
152 , 1
) ( 08 , 0 ) ( 08 , 0
44
52 , 3
2
2
mol n
mol n mol n
mol n mol n
O
H O H
C CO
=

=
= = = =
= = =

ta c t l: 2 : 8 : 5 032 , 0 : 128 , 0 : 08 , 0 : : = = z y x
44/77

V E l este n chc nn phn t ch c hai nguyn t oxi
Nn CTPT ca E l
2 8 5
O H C
b) Gi CTTQ ca E l RCOOR.
OH R RCOONa NaOH RCOOR ' ' + +
0,1 0,1 0,1 (mol)
n
E
= n
NaOH
= n
RCOONa
= 0,1 (mol) m
NaOH
= 4 g
m
E
+ m
NaOH
= m
mui
+ m
ROH
m
ROH
= 0
Suy ra : E l este mach vng c CTCT:
H
2
C CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
C = O

O

G
1
l HOOC[CH
2
]
3
CH
2
OH
c) ancol sinh ra trong phn ng thy phn l C
2
H
5
OH
Vy CTCT ca X l : CH
2
= CH COO C
2
H
5

Bi 5: Cho 2,76 gam cht hu c A cha C, H, O tc dng vi dd NaOH va , sau chng
ct kh th bay hi ch c nc, phn cht rn khan cn li cha hai mui ca Natri chim khi
lng 4,44 gam. Nung nng hai mui ny trong oxi d, sau khi phn ng hon ton, ta thu c
3,18 gam Na
2
CO
3
; 2,464 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 0,9 gam nc. Tm cng thc phn t, vit cng thc
cu to c th c ca A tha mn cc tnh cht trn bit rng cng thc n gin cng l cng
thc phn t.
Gii:
Da trn d kin ca bi, ta c s phn ng:
1,76g A + NaOH 4,44g mui + 4H
2
O
4,44g mui + O
2
3,18g Na
2
CO
3
+ 2,464 lt CO
2
+ 0,9g H
2
O
45/77

) ( 72 , 0 44 , 4 4 , 2 76 , 2
) ( 4 , 2 40 . 06 , 0
) ( 06 , 0
106
18 , 3
. 2 2
2
3 2
g m m m m
g m
mol n n
mui NaOH A O H
NaOH
CO Na NaOH
= + = + =
= =
= = =

- m
C
trong A = m
C
trong CO
2
+ m
C
trong Na
2
CO
3

68 , 1 36 , 0 32 ,. 1 12 .
106
18 , 3
12 .
4 , 22
646 , 2
= + = + =
m
H
trong A = m
H
trong H
2
O m
H
trong NaOH
) ( 12 , 0 06 , 0 18 , 0 1 . 06 , 0 2 .
18
9 , 0 72 , 0
g = =
+
=
m
O
trong A = m
A
m
C
m
H
= 2,76 1,68 0,12 = 0,96(g)
t A l
Z Y X
O H C ta c:
3 : 6 : 7
16
96 , 0
:
1
12 , 0
:
12
68 , 1
: : = = z y x
Vy cng thc n gin v cng thc phn t ca A u l C
7
H
6
O
3

M
A
= 138
- S mol A phn ng vi NaOH ) ( 02 , 0
138
76 , 2
mol = =
S mol NaOH = 0,06
Vy c 1 mol A phn ng vi 3 mol NaOH, m trong phn t ch c nguyn t oxi, suy ra:
A c th c 3 nhm OH ( loi gi thit ny)
A c 1 nhm OH phenol v nhm este ca phenol.
V sau phn ng thu c hai mui vy ch c trng hp este ca phenol l tha mn.
Cng thc cu to ca A : HCOO C
6
H
5
OH
Bi6: Mt este quang hot A c cng thc C
6
H
12
O
2
. Thu phn hon ton 11,6g A trong dung
dch kim. Sau khi thy phn em lc hn hp vi ete. Tch ly lp ete, lm kh ri chng ct
ui ete thu c mt cht lng quang hot c khi lng 7,4g. Dung dch di khng quang
hot.
a) Xc nh cu to ca este .
b) Vit c ch phn ng thy phn este trn.
46/77

c) Tm cc ng phn cu to cha nhm chc axit v este ng vi cng thc
C
6
H
12
O
2
.
Gii:
a) A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH cho cht lng tan trong ete v A n chc nn A l este
n chc v cht lng tan trong ete l ancol => A c dng: RCOOR
n
A
= 11,6:116 = 0,1(mol).
RCOOR + NaOH => RCOONa + ROH
0,1 0,1
=> 0,1.(R+17) = 7,4 => R = 57 (C
4
H
9
)
ROH c tnh quang hot => A l:
CH
3
CH
2
-C
*
H(CH
3
)-O-C(O)-CH
3
CH
3
CH
2
-C
*
H(CH
3
)-O-C(O)-CH
3

NaOH

CH
3
CH
2
-C
*
H(CH
3
)-OH.
b) C ch:

c) 26 ng phn.
Bi 7: Cho 100ml dung dch cha 2 este A, B n chc c cng nng 0,8M tc dng vi
150ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Sn phm thu c gm 2 mui hu c C, D c khi lng l
10,45g (t l M
C
:M
D
=41:65) v mt acol E c khi lng 2,9g. Ancol ny khng bn chuyn
thnh andehit. trung ha ht NaOH d sau phn ng cn dung 200ml dung dch HCl 0,2M.
Xc nh cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca A, B.
Gii:
n
NaOH b
= 0,15.1 = 0,15 (mol) ; n
NaOH d
= n
HCl
= 0,2.0,2 = 0,4 (mol).
N
NaOH p/
= 0,15.0,04 = 0,11 > n
2este
= 0,18.0,1 = 0,08
47/77

S c 1 este phn ng vi NaOH theo t l 1 : 2 v este ny c dng:
R-COO-Ar ( Ar l gc cha vng thm )
A l R
1
COOR ( a mol) v B l R
2
COORAr (b mol)
R
1
COOR + NaOH R
1
COONa + ROH
a a a a
R
2
COOR + 2NaOH R
2
COONa + RONa + H
2
O
b 2b b b
n
2este
= a + b = 0,08 ; n
NaOH d
= a + 2b = 0,11 a = 0,05 mol A ; b = 0,03 mol B
n
E
= n
A
= 0,05 M
E
= M
ROH
= 2,9/0,05 = 58 (vC)
Do ROH khng bn RCHOR + 29 =58 R = 29 andehit l C
2
H
5
CHO to ra t
ancol khng bn CH
3
-CH=CHOH.
V phn ng x phng ha 2 este ch cho 2 mui trong 3 mui R
1
COONa, R
2
COONa v
ROna phi c 2 mui ging nhau R
1
R
2
. Ta c:
M
2 mui
= M
RCOONa
+ M
ROna
= (a + b) + b
0,08(R + 67) + 0,03(R + 39) = 10,468R + 3R = 393 (1)
M
C
/M
D
= M
RCOONa
/M
ROna
= (R + 67)/(R + 39) = 41/6541R -65R = 2756 (2)
T (1) v (2) R = 15 (-CH
3
) ; R = 91 (C
6
H
4
CH
3
)
A l este ca axit CH
3
COOH v ancol CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
.
B l este ca axit CH
3
COOH v phenol CH
3
C
6
H
4
OHcng thc cu to ca B l:

Dng 7: Ton v hng s cn bng v hiu sut phn ng este ha.
48/77


Bi 1: Mt hp cht hu c X mch h ch cha mt loi nhm chc c iu ch t axit no
A v ru no B. Bit rng:
- a gam X th hi chim mt th tch bng th tch ca 6,4 gam oxi cng iu kin
nhit v p sut.
- Khi t chy 1 mol ru B cn 2,5 mol oxi.
- a gam X tc dng ht vi xt to ra c 32,8 gam mui.
a) Xc nh CTCT ca X.
b) Cho 200 gam axit A tc dng vi 50 gam ru B ta thu c 87,6 gam X. Tnh hiu sut
ca phn ng.
Gii:
a) Gi CTPT ca ru no B l C
n
H
2n+2-z
(OH)
z
(z s n)
Phn ng chy ca B:
O H n nCO O
z n
OH H C
Z Z n n 2 2 2 2 2
) 1 (
2
1 3
) ( + +
+
+
+

1 mol
2
1 3 z n +
mol
cho :
2
1 3 z n +
=2,5
Suy ra :
3
4
4 3 5 1 3
z
n z n z n
+
= = = +
z nguyn dng v z s2 ch c gi tr z = 2 ; n = 2 l ph hp.
Vy cng thc ca B l : C
2
H
4
(OH)
2

S mol X ng vi a gam: ) ( 2 , 0
32
4 , 6
mol n
X
= =
Gi X ch cha mt loi nhm chc v to t axit A v ru B nn X l este. Do B l ru hai
chc nn A c hai trng hp:
Trng hp 1: A l axit n chc no
Nu A l axit n chc no RCOOH vi R l gc hidrocacbon no.
Phn ng to X:
O H H C RCOO OH H C RCOOH
2 4 2 2 2 4 2
2 ) ( ) ( 2 + +
49/77

Phn ng x phng ha X:

2 4 2 4 2 2
) ( 2 ) ( OH H C RCOONa NaOH H C RCOO + +
0,2 mol 0,4 mol
Phn t lng ca RCOONa : 82
4 , 0
8 , 32
=
) ( 15 82 67
3
= = + CH R R
Vy A l : (CH
3
COO)
2
C
2
H
4
Cng thc cu to ca X: CH
3
COO CH
2
CH
2
COOCH
3

Trng hp 2 : A l axit no hai chc
Phn ng to X:
O H H C COO R OH H C COOH R
2 4 2 2 2 4 2 2
) ( ) ( ) ( + +
X l hp cht mch kn (loi).
b) Hiu sut ca phn ng:
S mol axit A : ) ( 33 , 3
60
200
mol n
A
= =
S mol ru B : ) ( 806 , 0
62
50
mol n
B
= =
Phn ng : O H H C COO CH OH H C COOH CH
2 4 2 2 3 2 4 2 3
2 ) ( ) ( 2 + +
V n
A
> n
B
nn hiu sut phn ng tnh theo B.
C 1 mol B to c: 146g X
Vy
62
50
mol B to c: ) ( 14 , 117
62
50 . 146
g =
Nhng trong thc t ch thu c 87,6 g este.
Vy hiu sut ca phn ng l :
% 4 , 74 % 100 .
14 , 117
6 , 87
= = H
50/77

Bi 2: 25
o
C, hng s cn bng ca phn ng:
O H H COOC CH OH H C COOH CH
C t SO H
O
2 5 2 3
,
5 2 3
4 2
+ + l K
C
= 4
Cho nng ban u ca CH
3
COOH l 1 M. Tnh nng ca este to thnh khi cn bng, nu
nng ca C
2
H
5
OH l :
a) 1(M) b) 2 (M)
Gii:
O H H COOC CH OH H C COOH CH
C t SO H
O
2 5 2 3
,
5 2 3
4 2
+ +
Phn ng: x x x x
a) Khi
OH H C
M
C
5 2
= 1M th [CH
3
COOH] = [C
2
H
5
OH] = 1 x
Lc :
3
2
4
) 1 (
2
2
= =

x
x
x

Vy [CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
] =
3
2

b) Khi
OH H C
M
C
5 2
= 2M
Tng t : 85 , 0 4
) 2 )( 1 (
2
~ =

x
x x
x

Vy [CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
] = 0,85 M

Dng 8: Tnh khi lng este t phn ng este ha

Bi 1: Hn hp M gm 0,2 mol ancol no n chc mch h X, 0,3 mol axit cacboxylic c cng
s nguyn t cacbon. Nu t chy hon ton M th thu c 33,6 lt kh CO
2
(KC) v 25,2g
nc. Mt khc nu nung nng M vi axit sunfuric c (H
2
SO
4
) thc hin phn ng este ha
vi hiu sut 80% th khi lng este thu c l bao nhiu?
Gii:
Gi cng thc tng qut ca X: C
n
H
2n+1
OH, Y: C
m
H
y
COOH v m+1=n ( do axit v ancol c
cng s nguyn t cacbon)
51/77

n
CO2
= 1,5 mol , n
H2O
= 1,4 mol
Ta c : n
c
= 0,2n + 0,3m + 0,3 = 1,5 2n + 3m =12 n=2, m=3.
n
H
=2.1,4=0,2.8+0,3-y+0,3 y = 3 X: C
3
H
7
OH, Y: C
2
H
3
COOH
ptp: CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH + CH
2
CHCOOH CH
2
CHCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
+ H
2
O
Khi lng este l m =0,8.0,2.114=18,24 g

Bi tp tng hp

Bi 1: Khi ha hi 1,0g axit hu c n chc no (A) ta c mt th tch va ng bng th tch
ca 0,535g oxi trong cng iu kin.
Cho mt lng d A tc dng vi 5,4g hn hp hai kim loi M v M thy sinh ra 0,45
mol hiro. T l s mol M i vi M trong hn hp l 3:1. KLNT ca M bng 1/3 KLNT ca
M. Ha tr ca M l II, ha tr ca M l III. Este ca A i vi mt ru n chc no lu b
thy phn mt phn. trung ha hn hp sinh ra t 18,56g este ny phi dng 20ml dung dch
NaOH 0,50M v x phng ha lng este cn li phi dng thm 300ml dung dch NaOH ni
trn.
a) Xc nh KLPT v cng thc cu to ca axit.
b) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
c) Xc nh KLNT ca hai kim loi.
d) Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cc cng thc cu to c th c ca este.
e) Vit cng thc cu to ca ru, bit rng khi oxi ha khng hon ton ru sinh ra
anehit tng ng, c mch nhnh.
Gii:
a) Cc kh (hi) trong cng iu kin c th tch nh nhau th cng c s mol bng nhau.
0,535g oxi ng vi
0, 535
32
=
1
6
mol oxi
Vy: 1g A ng vi
1
60
mol A. Suy ra KLPT ca A bng 60 .v.C
52/77

Bit A l axit no n chc, ta c:
C
n
H
2n+1
- COOH = 60
V COOH = 45
Do C
n
H
2n+1
= 60 - 45 = 15
Vy n = 1
l axit axetic CH
3
COOH
b) Cc phng trnh phn ng:
Tc dng vi kim loi:
2CH
3
COOH + M M(CH
3
COOH)
2
+ H
2
| (1)
6CH
3
COOH + 2M 2M(CH
3
COOH)
3
+ 3H
2
| (2)
Thy phn este c ru C
m
H
2m+1
OH v axit axetic:
CH
3
COOC
m
H
2m+1
+ H
2
O CH
3
COOH + C
m
H
2m+1
OH (3)
Trung ha axit:
CH
3
COOH + NaOH + CH
3
COONa + H
2
O (4)
X phng ha este:
CH
3
COOC
m
H
2m+1
NaOH CH
3
COONa + C
m
H
2m+1
OH (5)
c) Xc nh KLPT ca kim loi:
Gi x, y l s gam M v M trong hn hp; M v 3M l KLPT ca chng. Ta c:
x + y = 5,4

x
M
:
3
y
M
= 3
Do : x = y =
5, 4
2
= 2,7g
Da theo (1) v (2) ta c:

2, 7
M
+
3.2, 7
2.3M
=
2, 7
M
+
2, 7
2M
= 0,45
53/77

Do : M = 9 (berili) v 3M = 27 (nhm)
d) Cng thc cu to ca este:
Theo (3) v (4) mi mol este b thy phn sinh ra mt mol axit t do v do cn 1 mol
NaOH trung ha, s mol dng trung ha bng mol este b thy phn:

0, 5.20
1000
= 0,01 mol,
S mol este tham gia x phng ha

0, 5.300
1000
= 0,15 mol,
S mol este ban u (cha thy phn)
0,15 + 0,01 = 0,16 mol
Phn t lng ca este:

18, 56.1
0,16
= 116
Ta c th vit:
CH
3
COOC
m
H
2m+1
= 116
59 + 12m + 2m + 1 = 116 m = 4
Cng thc este: CH
3
COOC
4
H
9

Cc cng thc cu to c th c ca este:
CH
3
COO - CH
2
- CH
2
- CH
2
- CH
2

CH
3
COO - CH - CH
2
- CH
3

CH
3

CH
3
COO - CH
2
- CH(CH
3
)
2
, CH
3
COOC(CH
3
)
3
,
e) Cng thc cu to ca ru. Tng ng vi cc cu to trn ca este ta c cc cng
thc ca ru.
CH
3
- CH
2
- CH
2
- CH
2
- OH,
54/77


Trong ch c (CH
3
)
2
CH - CH
2
- OH l c th b oxi ha sinh ra anehit mch nhnh
nh nu trong bi.
CC DNG BI TP TRC NGHIM ESTE

I. NG PHN, DANH PHP, CNG THC TNG QUT.
Cu 1: Nhn nh no sau y khng ng?
A. Tn este RCOOR

gm: tn gc hirocacbon R

+ tn anion gc axit (ui at).

B. Khi thay nguyn t H nhm COOH ca axit cacboxylic bng gc hirocacbon th c este.
C. Phn ng thu phn este trong mi trng kim l phn ng 1 chiu v gi l phn ng x phng ho.
D. Este c nhit si thp hn so vi axit v ancol c cng s nguyn t C v este c khi lng phn t nh hn.
Cu 2: Trong s mi lin h gia hirocacbon v dn xut cha oxi, ankan c t trung tm v
A. ankan tng i tr v mt ho hc.
B. ankan c th tch H
2
to thnh cc hirocacbon khng no v cng O
2
sinh ra dn xut cha oxi.
C. ngnh cng nghip ho cht ly du m lm nn tng. T ankan trong du m ngi ta sn xut ra cc
hirocacbon khc v cc loi dn xut ca hirocacbon.
D. l do khc.
Cu 3:Cng thc tng qut ca este to bi axit n chc no mch h v ancol n chc no mch h c dng.
A. C
n
H
2n+2
O
2
( n 2) B. C
n
H
2n
O
2
(n 2) C. C
n
H
2n
O
2
( n
3) D. C
n
H
2n-2
O
2
( n 4)
Cu 4: Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C
17
H
35
COOH v C
15
H
31
COOH, s loi trieste ti a c to
ra l
A. 3. B. 4.
C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 5: Khi un nng glixerol vi hn hp 3 axit bo C
17
H
35
COOH, C
17
H
33
COOH, C
17
H
31
COOH thu c cht
bo khc nhau. S CTCT c th c l bao nhiu?
A.21 B.18
C.16 D.19
55/77

Cu 6:S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
l:
A.5 B.2
C.4 D.6
Cu 7: S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C
5
H
10
O
2
l:
A.10 B.9
C.7 D.5
Cu 8. Hy cho bit c bao nhiu cht hu c n chc c cng thc phn t l C
3
H
6
O
2
?
A. 4 B. 2
C. 3 D. 5
Cu 9: Glixerol C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
c kh nng to ra 3 ln este (trieste). Nu un nng glixerol vi hn hp axit R
'
COOH v
R
''
COOH (c H
2
SO
4
c xc tc) th thu c ti a l bao nhiu este?
A. 2 B. 6
C. 4 D. 8
Cu 10. t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp hai este cho sn phm chy qua bnh ng P
2
O
5
d thy khi lng
bnh tng thm 6,21g, sau cho qua dd Ca(OH)
2
d thu c 34,5g kt ta. Cc este ni trn thuc loi:
A. No n chc B. Khng no n chc C. No a chc
D. Khng no a chc.
II. TNH CHT.
* Tnh cht.
Cu 1:Pht biu ng l:
A. Phn ng gia axit v ancol c mt H
2
SO
4
c l phn ng mt chiu.
B. Tt c cc este phn ng vi dung dch kim lun thu c sn phm cui cng l mui v ancol.
C. Khi thu phn cht bo lun thu c C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
.
D. Phn ng thu phn este trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch
Cu 2: Nhn nh khng ng l
A. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH = CH
2
cng dy ng ng vi CH
2
= CHCOOCH
3
.
B. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH = CH
2
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c anehit v mui.
C. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH = CH
2
tc dng vi dung dch Br
2
.
D. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH = CH
2
c th trng hp to polime.
56/77

Cu 3: Chn sn phm chnh cho phn ng sau:
C
2
H
5
COOCH
3

4
LiAlH
A + B
A, B l:
A. C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOH B. C
3
H
7
OH, CH
3
OH C. C
3
H
7
OH, HCOOH
D. C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
COOH
Cu 4. Axit Fomic khng tc dng vi cc cht no trong cc cht sau
A.CH
3
OH B.NaCl
C.C
6
H
5
NH
2
D.Cu(OH)
2
(xt OH
-
, t
o
)
Cu 5: Cho cc cht: etyl axetat, etanol, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni clorua, phenyl axetat. Trong cc cht ny, s
cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 3. B. 4.
C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 6: Cho cc cht: axit propionic (X); axit axetic (Y); ancol etylic (Z) v metyl axetat (T). Dy gm cc cht c
sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si l
A. T, Z, Y, X. B. Z, T, Y, X. C. T, X, Y, Z.
D. Y, T, X, Z.
Cu 7: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng thc phn t C
2
H
4
O
2
ln lt tc dng vi: Na, NaOH,
NaHCO
3
. S phn ng xy ra l
A. 2. B. 3.
C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 8: C
2
H
4
O
2
c 3 ng phn mch h. Cho cc ng phn tc dng vi: NaOH, Na, AgNO
3
/NH
3
th s phng
trnh phn ng xy ra l
A. 3. B. 4.
C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 9:C
4
H
6
O
2
c bao nhiu ng phn mch h phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH?
A. 5 ng phn. B. 6 ng phn. C. 7
ng phn. D. 8 ng phn.
Cu 10: S hp cht n chc, ng phn cu to ca nhau c cng cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
, u tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH
A. 3 B. 4
C. 5 D. 6
57/77

Cu 11: Hp cht X khng no mch h c cng thc phn t C
5
H
8
O
2
khi tham gia phn ng x phng ha thu c 1
anehit v 1 mui ca axit hu c. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp vi X ( khng k ng phn cis,tran )?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4
D. 5
Cu 12: Este A n chc, mch h, c t khi hi so vi metan bng 6,25 v khi tham gia phn ng x phng ho to
ra mt anehit v mt mui ca axit hu c. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp vi A?
A. 3. B. 4.
C. 2. D. 5.
Cu 13: Thy phn 1 mol este cho 2 mui v nc . CTCT ca este c dng: (R l gc hirocacbon trong
cacbon mang ha tr l cacbon no)
A. RCOOR

B. RCOOCH=CHR

C.
RCOOC
6
H
5
D. C
6
H
5
COOR
Cu 14. Este X c cng thc phn t l C
5
H
10
O
2
. un nng X vi NaOH thu c mui Y v ancol Z trong M
Y
<
M
Z
. Hy cho bit X c bao nhiu cng thc cu to?
A. 6 B. 7
C. 4 D. 5
Cu 15. Trong s cc este mch h c cng thc phn t C
4
H
6
O
2
th c my este khi un nng lu vi dung dch
AgNO
3
/ NH
3
cho Ag kt ta?
A. 2 B. 3
C. 4 D. 5
Cu 16: Sn phm thu c khi thu phn vinylaxetat trong dd kim l:
A. Mt mui v mt ancol
B. Mt mui v mt anehit
C. Mt axit cacboxylic v mt ancol D. Mt axit
cacboxylic v mt xeton
Cu 17: Khi trng hp CH
2
=CH-COOCH
3
thu c
A. polistiren. B. polivinyl axetat. C. Poli
metyl acrylat . D. polietilen.
Cu 18: iu ch thy tinh hu c, ngi ta trng hp t :
A. CH
2
= CH-COOCH
3
B.CH
2
= CH-COOH C. CH
2
= C(CH
3
)-
COOCH
3
D. Tt c u sai
58/77

Cu 19: Cho axit Salixylic (X) (axit o-hiroxibenzoic) phn ng vi metanol c H
2
SO
4
c xc tc thu c metyl
Salixylat (Y) dng lm thuc gim au. Cho Y phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c hn hp sn phm trong
c mui Z. Cng thc cu to ca Z l
A. o NaOC
6
H
4
COOCH
3
. B. o HOC
6
H
4
COONa. C. o NaOOCC
6
H
4
COONa
D. o NaOC
6
H
4
COONa.
* Nhn bit.
Cu 1: C cc cht mt nhn ring bit sau: etyl axetat, fomanehit, axit axetic v etanol. phn bit chng dng b
thuc th no sau y?
A. AgNO
3
/NH
3
, dung dch Br
2
, NaOH. B. Qu tm,
AgNO
3
/NH
3
, Na.
C. Qu tm, AgNO
3
/NH
3
, NaOH. D.
Phenolphtalein, AgNO
3
/NH
3
, NaOH.
Cu 2: C 4 l mt nhn ng cc dung dch ring bit sau: CH
3
COOH, HCOOH, C
2
H
5
OH, HOCH
2
CHO, CH
2
=
CHCOOH. B thuc th theo th t c th dng phn bit tng cht trn l
A. phenolphtalein, AgNO
3
/NH
3
, dung dch Br
2
. B. qi tm, dung dch Br
2
,
AgNO
3
/NH
3
.
C. qi tm, dung dch Br
2
, Na. D.
phenolphtalein, dung dch Br
2
, Na.
Cu 3: : phn bit cc este ring bit: vinyl axetat, vinyl fomiat, metyl acrylat, ta c th tin hnh theo trnh t no
sau y?
A. Dng dung dch NaOH, un nh, dng dung dch brom, dng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long.
B. Dng dung dch NaOH, dng dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, dng dung dch brom.
C. Dng dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, dng dung dch brom, dng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long.
D. Tt c u sai
* iu ch.
Cu 1: i vi phn ng este ho, yu t no sau y nh hng n vn tc phn ng?
(1) Nhit (2) Bn cht cc cht phn ng (3) Nng cc
cht phn ng (4) Cht xc tc
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (2), (3), (4)
C. (1) (3) (4) D. (1) (2) (3) (4)
Cu 2:Trong phn ng este ho gia ancol v mt axit hu c th cn bng s chuyn dch theo chiu to ra este khi ta:
59/77

A. Cho ancol d hay axit hu c d.
B. Gim nng ancol hay axit hu c.
C. Dng cht ht nc hay tch nc. Chng ct ngay tch este. D. C 2 bin php A, C
Cu 3:Cho phn ng este ha : RCOOH + ROH R-COO-R + H
2
O .
phn ng chuyn di u tin theo chiu thun, cn dng cc gii php sau :
A.Tng nng ca axit hoc ancol. B.Dng H
2
SO
4

c xc tc v ht nc.
C.Chng ct tch este ra khi hn hp phn ng . D.C a, b, c u dng.
Cu 4: Nhng bin php phn ng thu phn este c hiu sut cao v nhanh hn l
A. Tng nhit ; tng nng ancol. B. Dng OH
-

(xc tc); tng nhit .
C. Dng H
+
(xc tc); tng nng ancol. D. Dng H
+
(xc tc); tng
nhit .
Cu 5: Bin php dng nng cao hiu sut phn ng este ho l
A. Thc hin trong mi trng kim.
B. Dng H
2
SO
4
c lm xc tc.
C. Ly d 1 trong 2 cht u hoc lm gim nng cc sn phm ng thi dng H
2
SO
4
c xc tc.
D. Thc hin trong mi trng axit ng thi h thp nhit .
* Xc nh cht trong s .
Cu 1: Cho s sau:
2
0
O ,xt NaOH NaOH NaOH
4 8 2 2 6
CaO,t
X(C H O ) Y Z T C H
+ +

Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. B. C
2
H
5
COOCH(CH
3
)
2
. C. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOH
D. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
.
Cu 2: Cho s sau:
0 0
H O ,t H SO c, t HCN
3 2 4
CH OH/ H SO
3 2 4
3 3 4 6 2
CH COCH X Y Z(C H O ) T
+
+

Cng thc cu to ca T l
A. CH
3
CH
2
COOCH
3
. B. CH
3
CH(OH)COOCH
3
. C. CH
2
= C(CH
3
)COOCH
3
. D. CH
2
=
CHCOOCH
3
.
Cu 3: Cho s sau:
0 0
H O ,t H SO c, t C H OH/ H SO + HCN
3 2 4 2 5 2 4
3 3 4 2
CH CHO X Y Z(C H O ) T
+

60/77

Cng thc cu to ca T l
A. CH
3
CH
2
COOC
2
H
5
. B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
. C. CH
2
= CHCOOC
2
H
5
.
D. C
2
H
5
COOCH = CH
2
.
Cu 4: Cho dy chuyn ho:
0
2 2 2
H O H O 1500 X
4
CH X Y Z T M
+ + + +

Cng thc cu to ca M l
A. CH
3
COOCH
3
. B. CH
2
= CHCOOCH
3
. C. CH
3
COOCH = CH
2
.
D. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
Cu 5: Cho s sau (cc ch ci ch sn phm hu c):
0
H O ,t P O C H OH KCN NaOHd
3 2 5 6 5
3
CH Cl X Y Z T M N
+
+
Cng thc cu to ca M v N ln lt l
A. CH
3
COONa v C
6
H
5
ONa. B. CH
3
COONa v C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH.
C. CH
3
OH v C
6
H
5
COONa. D. CH
3
COONa v C
6
H
5
COONa.
Cu 6: Cho s sau:
0
1500 NaOH
2
H O/ Hg
2
4 4
CH X Y Z T M CH
+
+
+

Cng thc cu to ca Z l
A. C
2
H
5
OH. B. CH
3
COOH. C.
CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. D. C A, B, C u ng.
Cu 7: Cho s sau:
2 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 2 3
C H C H Cl X C H O CH CHOOCCH =
Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
. B. C
2
H
5
OH. C.
CH
3
CHO. D. HOCH
2
CHO.
Cu 8: Cho s sau:

Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH
2
= C(CH
3
) COOC
2
H
5
. B. CH
2
= CHOOCC
2
H
5
. C. CH
2
= C(CH
3
)COOCH
3
.
D. CH
2
= CHCOOC
2
H
5

III. TNH TON.
C
2
H
5
OH
T
Y Z CH
4
NaOH
axit metacrylic
F Poli(metyl metacrylat)
X
61/77

* Tnh ton.
Cu 1: X phng ho hon ton 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l
A. 8,56 gam. B. 3,28 gam. C. 10,4
gam. D. 8,2 gam.
Cu 2: Cho lng CO
2
thu c khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp gm hai este etyl fomiat v metyl axetat qua
1 lt dung dch NaOH 0,4M thu c m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 25,2. B. 42,4. C. 27,4.
D. 33,6.
Cu 3: Cho hn hp X gm 2 este c cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
v C
3
H
6
O
2
tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 6,14
gam hn hp hai mui v 3,68 gam ru Y duy nht c t khi hi so vi oxi l 1,4375. Khi lng mi este trong X
ln lt l
A. 4,4 gam v 2,22 gam. B. 3,33 gam v 6,6 gam. C. 4,44 gam v 8,8 gam.
D. 5,6 gam v 11,2 gam.
Cu 4: X phng ho hon ton 22,2 gam hn hp gm 2 este HCOOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOCH
3
bng dung dch NaOH
1M (un nng). Th tch dung dch NaOH ti thiu cn dng l
A. 400 ml B. 300 ml
C. 150 ml D. 200 ml
Cu 5: Chia hn hp M gm x mol ancol etylic v y mol axit axetic (x > y) thnh hai phn bng nhau.
- Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 5,6 lt H
2
( ktc).
- Phn 2: un nng vi H
2
SO
4
c ti phn ng hon ton c 8,8 gam este.
Gi tr ca x v y l
A. x = 0,4; y = 0,1. B. x = 0,8; y = 0,2. C. x = 0,3; y = 0,2.
D. x = 0,5; y = 0,4.
Cu 6: Cho 2,72 gam CH
3
COOC
6
H
5
vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c s
gam cht rn l
A. 1,64g B. 3,96g
C. 2,84g D. 4,36g
Cu 7: Cho 4,48 gam hn hp gm CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOC
6
H
5
(c t l mol l 1:1) tc dng vi 800 ml dung
dch NaOH 0,1 M thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th khi lng cht rn thu c l
A. 5,6 gam B. 3,28 gam C. 6,4 gam
D. 4,88 gam
62/77

Cu 8: Khi thc hin phn ng este ha 1 mol CH
3
COOH v 1 mol C
2
H
5
OH, lng este ln nht thu c l 2/3 mol.
t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit). Khi tin hnh este ha 1 mol CH
3
COOH cn s mol C
2
H
5
OH l (bit
cc phn ng este ho thc hin cng nhit )
A. 2,115. B. 2,925. C.
2,412. D. 0,456.
Cu 9: Hn hp X gm axit fomic v axit axetic (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam ancol
etylic (c xc tc H
2
SO
4
c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ho u bng 80%). Gi
tr ca m l
A. 10,125. B. 6,48. C. 8,10.
D. 16,20.
Cu 10: Tnh khi lng este metyl metacrylat thu c khi un nng 215 gam axit metacrylat vi 100 gam ancol
metylic. Gi thit phn ng este ho t hiu sut 60%.
A. 125 gam B. 175 gam
C. 150 gam D. 200 gam
Cu 11: un nng 6,0 gam CH
3
COOH vi 6,0 gam C
2
H
5
OH ( c H
2
SO
4
lm xc tc, hiu sut phn ng este ho
bng 50%). Khi lng este to thnh l:
A. 6,0 gam B. 4,4 gam
C. 8,8 gam D. 5,2
Cu 12: Cho bit hng s cn bng ca phn ng este ho:
CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O K = 4
Nu cho hn hp cng s mol axit v ancol tc dng vi nhau th khi phn ng t n trng thi cn bng th % ancol
v axit b este ho l
A. 50%. B. 66,7%. C.
33,3%. D. 65%.
Cu 13: Cho cn bng sau: CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O K = 4
Khi cho 1 mol axit tc dng vi 1,6 mol ancol, khi h t n trng thi cn bng th hiu sut ca phn ng l
A. 66,67%. B. 33,33%. C. 80%.
D. 50%.
Cu 14: un nng hn hp X gm 1 mol ancol etylic v 1 mol axit axetic (c 0,1 mol H
2
SO
4
c lm xc tc), khi
phn ng t n trng thi cn bng c hn hp Y trong c 0,667 mol etyl axetat. Hng s cn bng K
C
ca
phn ng l
A. K
C
= 2. B. K
C
= 3. C. K
C
=
4. D. K
C
= 5.
63/77

Cu 15: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 1 lung d ancol etylic ( c H
2
SO
4
c lm xc tc). n khi phn ng dng li
thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l bao nhiu?
A. 70% B. 75%
C. 62,5% D. 50%
Cu 16:Khi un nng 25,8 gam hn hp ancol etylic v axit axetic c H
2
SO
4
c lm xc tc thu c 14,08 gam este.
Nu t chy hon ton lng hn hp thu c 23,4 ml H
2
O. Tm thnh phn trm mi cht trong hn hp u v
hiu sut ca phn ng este ho.
A. 53,5% C
2
H
5
OH; 46,5% CH
3
COOH v hiu sut 80% B. 55,3% C
2
H
5
OH; 44,7% CH
3
COOH v
hiu sut 80%
C. 60,0% C
2
H
5
OH; 40,0% CH
3
COOH v hiu sut 75% D. 45,0% C
2
H
5
OH; 55,0% CH
3
COOH v
hiu sut 60%
Cu 17: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol ( c H
2
SO
4
c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng t ti trng thi
cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l:
A. 55% B. 50%
C. 62,5% D. 75%
Cu 18: Bit rng phn ng este ho CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O
C hng s cn bng K = 4, tnh % Ancol etylic b este ho nu bt u vi [C
2
H
5
OH] = 1 M, [CH
3
COOH] = 2 M.
A. 80% B. 68%
C. 75% D. 84,5%
IV. XC NH CU TO ESTE KHI BIT CTPT.
* Este thng thng.
Cu 1:un este E ( C
6
H
12
O
2
) vi dung dch NaOH ta c 1 acol A khng b oxi ho bi CuO.E c tn l:
A. isopropyl propionat B. isopropyl axetat C. butyl axetat
D. tert-butyl axetat.
Cu 2: Este X ( C
4
H
8
O
2
) tho mn cc iu kin:
X
+
+ H O H ,
2
Y
1
+ Y
2
Y
1
+ xt O ,
2

Y
2

X c tn l:
A. Isopropyl fomiat B. propyl fomiat C. Metyl
propionat D. Etyl axetat.
Cu 3: Hai cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
4
O
2
. X phn ng vi NaHCO
3
v phn ng trng hp, Y
phn ng vi NaOH nhng khng phn ng vi Na. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l
64/77

A. C
2
H
5
COOH, CH
3
COOCH
3
. B.
C
2
H
5
COOH, CH
2
= CHCOOCH
3
.
C. CH
2
= CHCOOH, HCOOCH = CH
2
. D. CH
2
= CH CH-
2
COOH, HCOOCH = CH
2
.
Cu 4: Thu phn este c cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
(xc tc H
+
), thu c 2 sn phm hu c X v Y. T X c th
iu ch trc tip ra Y. Vy cht X l
A. metanol. B. Etyl axetat. C. Axit axetic.
D. Etanol.
Cu 5: Thu phn este C
4
H
6
O
2
(X) bng dung dch NaOH ch thu c 1 mui duy nht. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH
3
COOCH = CH
2
. B. HCOOCH
2
CH = CH
2
. D.
CH
3
CH = CH COOH.
Cu 6:X c cng thc phn t C
3
H
4
O
2
. Khi cho X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH thu c 1 sn phm duy nht. Xc
nh cng thc cu to ca X ?
A.CH
2
=CH-COOH. B.HCOOCH=CH
2
. C.
H
3
C
H
C C
O
O
.
D.tt c u ng.
Cu 7: Hp cht X c cng thc phn t C
n
H
2n
O
2
khng tc dng vi Na, khi un nng X vi axit v c c 2 cht
Y
1
v Y
2
. Bit Y
2
b oxi ho cho metanal cn Y
1
tham gia phn ng trng gng. Vy gi tr ca n l
A. 1. B. 2.
C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 8: Cht X c cng thc phn t C
7
H
6
O
3
(M = 138). Bit 27,6 gam X tc dng va vi 600 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. (HO)
2
C
6
H
3
CHO. B. HOC
6
H
4
CHO. C. (HO)
3
C
6
H
2
CH
3
.
D. HCOOC
6
H
4
OH.
Cu 9: Cho 10,4 gam este X (cng thc phn t: C
4
H
8
O
3
) tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M c 9,8
gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CHO. B. CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
2
OH. C. HOCH
2
COOC
2
H
5
.
D.CH
3
CH(OH)COOCH
3
.
Cu 10: Khi thu phn mt este c cng thc C
4
H
8
O
2
ta c axit X v ancol Y. Oxi ho Y vi K
2
Cr
2
O
7
trong H
2
SO
4

ta c li X. Este c cng thc cu to no sau y?

O
C = O
C. (CH
2
)
3

65/77

A. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
B. HCOOC
3
H
7
C. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3

D. Khng xc nh c.
* Este v sn phm c phn ng trng gng.
Cu 1: Thu phn este C
2
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
trong mi trng axit to thnh nhng sn phm g?
A. C
2
H
5
COOH, CH
2
=CH-OH B. C
2
H
5
COOH, HCHO C. C
2
H
5
COOH, CH
3
CHO D. C
2
H
5
COOH,
CH
3
CH
2
OH
Cu 2. Este X c CTCP C
4
H
6
O
2.
Bit X thu phn trong mi trng kim to ra mui v anhit.. Cng thc cu to
ca X l.
A. CH
3
COOCH= CH
2
B. HCOOCH
2
- CH= CH
2
C. HCOOCH
2
- CH= CH
2
D.
CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
Cu 3: Thu phn este C
4
H
6
O
2
trong mi trng axit thu c hn hp 2 cht u tham gia phn ng trng gng.
Cng thc cu to ca este l
A. HCOOCH
2
CH = CH
2
B. HCOOC(CH
3
) = CH
2
C. CH
2
= CHCOOCH
3

D. HCOOCH = CHCH
3

Cu 4: Cho cht X tc dng vi 1 lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn dung dch thu c cht rn Y v
cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
c cht hu c T. Cho cht T tc dng vi NaOH li thu c cht
Y. Cht X c th l
A. HCOOCH = CH
2
. B. HCOOCH
3
. C. CH
3
COOCH =
CHCH
3
. D. CH
3
COOCH = CH
2
.
Cu 5: Cht X c cng thc phn t C
4
H
6
O
3
, X c cc tnh cht ho hc sau:
- Tc dng vi H
2
(Ni, t
0
), Na, AgNO
3
/NH
3
.
- Tc dng vi NaOH thu c mui v anehit n chc.
Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CHO. B. OHC-CH
2
CH
2
-COOH. C. HCOOCH(OH)-CH=CH
2
.
D. CH
3
-CO-CH
2
-COOH.
Cu 6: Cho cht X c cng thc phn t C
4
H
6
O
2
bit:
2 4 2 4
X + NaOH Y + Z
Y + H SO Na SO + T

Z v T u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc.
Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. CH
3
COOCH = CH
2
. B. HCOOCH
2
CH = CH
2
. C. HCOOC(CH
3
) = CH
2
.
D. HCOOCH = CH CH
3
.
66/77

Cu 7: Este C
4
H
8
O
2
tham gia phn ng trng bc c th c tn sau:
A. Etyl fomiat B. propyl fomiat C.
isopropyl fomiat D. B, C u ng
Cu 8: un este E (C
4
H
6
O
2
) vi HCl thu c sn phm c kh nng c phn ng trng gng. E c tn l:
A. Vinyl axetat B. propenyl axetat C. Alyl fomiat
D. C A, B, C u ng.
Cu 9: Mt cht hu c A c CTPT C
3
H
6
O
2
tha mn: A tc dng c dd NaOH un nng v dd
AgNO
3
/NH
3
,t
0
.Vy A c CTCT l:
A. C
2
H
5
COOH B. CH
3
-COO- CH
3
C. H-
COO- C
2
H
5
D. HOC-CH
2
-CH
2
OH
* Este thm.
Cu 1: Cho este X (C
8
H
8
O
2
) tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c hn hp mui u c khi lng phn t ln
hn 70 vc. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HCOO C
6
H
4
CH
3
. B. CH
3
COOC
6
H
5
. C. C
6
H
5
COOCH
3
.
D. HCOOCH
2
C
6
H
5
.
Cu 2: Hp cht thm X thuc loi este c cng thc phn t C
8
H
8
O
2
. X khng th iu ch t phn ng ca axit v
ancol tng ng v khng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. C
6
H
5
COOCH
3
. B. CH
3
COOC
6
H
5
. C. HCOOCH
2
C
6
H
5
.
D. HCOOC
6
H
4
CH
3
.
Cu 3. Hai este A v B l dn xut ca benzen c CTPT l: C
9
H
8
O
2
. A v B u cng hp vi Br
2
theo t l mol 1:1. A
tc dng vi NaOH cho mt mui v mt anehit, B tc dng vi NaOH cho 2 mui v nc . Cc mui c khi
lng phn t ln hn khi lng phn t ca CH
3
COONa . CTCT ca A v B c th l:
A. HOOC-C
6
H
4
-CH=CH
2
v CH
2
=CH-COO-C
6
H
5
B. C
6
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
v C
6
H
5
-
CH=CH-COOH
C. HCOO-C
6
H
4
-CH=CH
2
v HCOO-CH=CH-C
6
H
5
D. C
6
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
v
CH
2
=CH-COO-C
6
H
5

Cu 4: Hai este A, B l dn xut ca benzen c CTPT l C
9
H
8
O
2
. A v B u cng hp Br
2
theo t l 1:1. A tc dng
vi NaOH to 1 mui v 1 anehit. B tc dng vi NaOH cho 2 mui v H
2
O. A, B c CTCT ln lt l:
A. C
6
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
, CH
2
=CH-COOC
6
H
5
B. CH
2
=CH-COOC
6
H
5
,
C
6
H
5
COOCH=CH
2

C. HCOOCH=CH-C
6
H
5
, C
6
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
D. C
6
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
,
HCOOCH=CH-C
6
H
5

67/77

Cu 5: Este X l dn xut ca benzen c cng thc C
9
H
8
O
2
. X tc dng c vi dung dch Br
2
theo t l 1:1. Khi cho
X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH un nng thu c 1 mui v mt anehit. Mui thu c c khi lng phn t ln
hn 82. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. C
6
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
. B. HCOOC
6
H
4
CH=CH
2
. C. HCOOCH=CHC
6
H
5
.
D. HCOOC(C
6
H
5
)=CH
2
.
Cu 6: Este X l dn xut ca benzen c cng thc C
9
H
8
O
2
. X tc dng c vi dung dch Br
2
theo t l 1:1. Khi cho
X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH un nng thu c 1 mui v 1 xeton. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. C
6
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
. B. HCOOC
6
H
4
CH=CH
2
. C. C
6
H
5
COOCH=CHCH
3
. D.
HCOOC(C
6
H
5
)=CH
2
.
Cu 7: Este X l dn xut ca benzen c cng thc C
9
H
8
O
2
. X tc dng c vi dung dch Br
2
theo t l 1:1. Khi cho
X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH un nng, d thu c 2 mui v nc . Cc mui u c khi lng phn t ln
hn 82. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCOOC
6
H
4
CH=CH
2
. B. CH
2
=CHCOOC
6
H
5
. C. CH
2
=CHCOOC
6
H
4
CH
3
.
D. C
2
H
5
COOC
6
H
5
.
Cu 8: Este X c cng thc C
9
H
8
O
2
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH to thnh 2 mui v nc . Nung nng 1 trong 2
mui vi vi ti xt thu c etilen. X l
A. phenyl axetat. B. phenyl propionat. C.
phenyl acrylat. D. benzyl axetat.
Cu 9:Mt hn hp X gm 2 este X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C
8
H
8
O
2
v u cha vng benzen. X phng ho
ht 0,2 mol X, ta cn 0,3 lit dung dch NaOH 1M thu c 3 mui.Tnh khi lng mi mui.
A. 8,2 gam CH
3
COONa; 14,4 gam C
6
H
5
COONa; 11,6 gam C
6
H
5
ONa
B. 4,1 gam CH
3
COONa; 14,4 gam C
6
H
5
COONa; 11,6 gam C
6
H
5
ONa
C. 8,2 gam CH
3
COONa; 7,2 gam C
6
H
5
COONa; 5,8 gam C
6
H
5
ONa
D. 4,1 gam CH
3
COONa; 14,4 gam C
6
H
5
COONa; 17,4 gam C
6
H
5
ONa
* Este a chc.
Cu 1: Este X c cng thc phn t C
7
H
12
O
4
, khi cho 16 gam X tc dng va vi 200 gam dung dch NaOH 4%
th thu c 1 ancol A v 17,8 gam hn hp hai mui. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH
3
COO(CH
2
)
2
OOCC
2
H
5
. B. HCOO(CH
2
)
3
OOCC
2
H
5
. C. HCOO(CH
2
)
3
OOCCH
3
.
D. CH
3
COO(CH
2
)
3
OOCCH
3
.
Cu 2: Mt hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
8
H
14
O
4
. Khi X tc dng hon ton vi dd NaOH to ra hai
ancol A v B c s nguyn t cacbon gp i nhau . Khi un nng ln lt A , B vi H
2
SO
4
c 170
0
C th A to ra
mt olefin duy nht , B to ra 3 olefin ng phn . X c cng thc cu to l.
68/77

A. C
2
H
5
OOC COOCH
2
- CH
2
- CH
2
- CH
3
B. CH
3
OOC- (CH
2
)
3
-
COO- CH
2
- CH
3

C. C
2
H
5
OOC COOCH(CH
3
) - CH
2
- CH
3
D. C
2
H
5
OOC COOCH
2
-
CH(CH
3
)- CH
3


V. XC NH CTPT, CTCT 1 ESTE.
* Este n chc.
Cu 1: Mt este n chc no c 48,65 % C trong phn t th s ng phn este l:
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4
Cu 2: t chy hon ton 7,5 gam este X ta thu c 11 gam CO
2
v 4,5 gam H
2
O.Nu X n chc th X c cng
thc phn t l:
A. C
3
H
6
O
2
B. C
4
H
8
O
2

C. C
5
H
10
O
2
D. C
2
H
4
O
2

Cu 3: t chy hon ton 1,46 gam cht hu c A gm C, H, O th thu c 1,344 lit CO
2
(ktc) v 0,9 gam H
2
O.
Cng thc no di y c th l cng thc ng .
A. (COOC
2
H
5
)
2
B. CH
3
COOH C.
CH
3
COOCH
3
D. HOOC-C
6
H
4
-COOH
Cu 4: Thu phn mt este trong mi trng kim ta c ancol etylic m khi lng ancol bng 62% khi lng
phn t este. Cng thc este c th l cng thc no di y?
A. HCOOCH
3
B. HCOOC
2
H
5

C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D. C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5

Cu 5:Thu phn mt este trong mi trng kim thu c mt mui natri c khi lng 41/37 khi lng este.Bit
khi lm bay hi 7,4 gam este th th tch hi ca n ng th tch ca 3,2 gam O
2
cng iu kin.Cng thc cu to
ca este c th l cng thc no di y?
A. HCOOCH
3
B. HCOOC
2
H
5

C. CH
3
COOCH
3
D. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

Cu 6: Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch gm 4,48 lit CO
2
(
ktc) v 3,6 gam H
2
O. Nu cho 4,4 gam cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton, thu
c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht hu c Z.Tn ca X l:
A. Etyl propionat B. Metyl propionat
C. isopropyl axetat D. etyl axetat
69/77

Cu 7: Este X khng no, mch h, c t khi hi so vi oxi bng 3,125 v khi tham gia phn ng x phng ho to ra
mt anehit v mt mui ca axit hu c. C bao nhiu cng thc ph hp vi X?
A. 2 B. 3
C. 4 D. 5

Cu 8: Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn dung dch thu c cht rn Y v
cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
thu c cht hu c T. Cho T tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH li thu c cht Y. Cht X c th l
A. HCOOCH=CH
2
B. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
C.
HCOOCH
3
D. CH
3
COOCH=CH-CH
3

Cu 9: X l mt este no n chc, c t khi hi so vi CH
4
l 5,5. Nu em un 2,2 gam este X vi dd NaOH d, thu
c 2,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l:
A. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
B. HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2
C. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3

D. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
Cu 10: A c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin. Khi phn tch A thu c kt qu: 50% C, 5,56% H,
44,44%O theo khi lng. Khi thu phn A bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thu c 2 sn phm u tham gia phn ng
trng bc. Cng thc cu to ca A l
A. HCOO-CH=CH-CH
3
. B. HCOO-CH=CH
2
. C.
(HCOO)
2
C
2
H
4
. D. CH
2
=CH-CHO.
Cu 11: Cho 13,2 g este n chc no E tc dng ht vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c 12,3 g mui . Xc
nh E.
A. HCOOCH
3
B. CH
3
-COOC
2
H
5
C. HCOOC
2
H
5

D. CH
3
COOCH
3
Cu 12: Thy phn 1 este n chc no E bng dung dch NaOH thu c mui khan c khi lng phn t bng
24/29 khi lng phn t E.T khi hi ca E i vi khng kh bng 4. Cng thc cu to.

A. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
. B. C
2
H
5
COOC
3
H
7
C. C
3
H
7
COOCH
3
D. Kt qu khc
Cu 13: X l este ca mt axit hu c n chc v ancol n chc. thu phn hon ton 6,6g cht X, ngi ta
dng 34,10ml dung dch NaOH 10% c D = 1,1g/ml. Lng NaOH ny d 25% so vi lng NaOH cn dng cho
phn ng. X c cng thc cu to no sau y?
A. HCOOC
3
H
7
vCH
3
COOC
2
H
5
B. HCOOC
3
H
7
C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

D. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3

Cu 14: x phng ho 17,4g mt este no n chc cn dng 300ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Este c cng thc
phn t l
70/77

A. C
3
H
6
O
2
B. C
5
H
10
O
2

C. C
4
H
8
O
2
D. Kt qu khc
Cu 15: 12,9g mt este n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi 150ml dung dch KOH 1M. Sau phn ng thu c mt
mui v anehit. Cng thc cu to ca este l cng thc no sau y?
A. HCOOCH=CH-CH
3
B. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
C.
C
2
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
D. A v B ng.
Cu 16: Mt este n chc c thnh phn khi lng
m
C:
m
O = 9:8 .Cho este trn tc dng vi mt lng dung dch
NaOH va thu c mt mui c khi lng bng 41/37 khi lng este. Cng thc cu to este l:
A. HCOOCH=CH
2
B. HCOOC=CH-CH
3
C. HCOOC
2
H
5

D. CH
3
COOCH
3

Cu 17: t chy 3g mt este Y ta thu c 2,24lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 1,8g H
2
O. Y c cng thc cu to no sau y?
A. HCOOCH
3
B. CH
3
COOCH
3

C. CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
D. A, B, C u sai
Cu 18: Este X to bi ancol no n chc v axit cacboxylic khng no (c 1 lin kt i) n chc. t chy m mol X
thu c 22,4 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 9g H
2
O .Gi tr ca m l bao nhiu trong cc s cho di y?
A. 1 mol B. 2 mol
C. 3 mol D. Kt qu khc
Cu 19: t chy hon ton 0,1mol este X thu c 0,3mol CO
2
v 0,3 mol H
2
O. Nu cho 0,1mol X tc dng ht vi
NaOH th thu c 8,2g mui. X l cng thc cu to no sau y:
A. CH
3
COOCH
3
B. HCOOCH
3

C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D. HCOOC
2
H
5

Cu 20: un nng 1,1g este no n chc M vi dung dch KOH d, ngi ta thu c 1,4g mui. T khi ca M so
vi kh CO
2
l 2. M c cng thc cu to no sau y?
A. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
C.
HCOOC
3
H
7
D. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

Cu 21:t chy hon ton 0,2 mol este X ri dn sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d thu c 40g kt ta. X
c cng thc phn t l:
A. HCOOC
2
H
5
B. CH
3
COOCH
3

C. HCOOCH
3
D. Khng xc nh c.
Cu 22: Khi t chy hon ton este no n chc th s mol CO
2
sinh ra bng s mol O
2
phn ng. Tn gi ca
este l: A. etyl axetat B. metyl axetat
C. metyl fomiat D. propyl axetat
71/77

Cu 23: Este n chc X c t khi hi so vi CH
4
l 6,25.Cho 20 gam X tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch KOH
1M(un nng). C cn dung dch c sau phn ng thu c 28 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l:

A. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
COOCH
3
B. CH
2
=CH-COOCH
2
CH
3
C. CH
3
COOCH=CH-CH
3

D. CH
3
-CH
2
COOCH=CH
2

Cu 24. Cht X l mt hp cht n chc mch h, tc dng c vi dd NaOH c khi lng phn t l 88 dvc. Khi
cho 4,4g X tc dng va vi dd NaOH, c cn dung dich sau phn ng c 4,1g cht rn. X l cht no trong cc
cht sau:
A. Axit Butanoic B. Metyl Propionat
C. Etyl Axetat D. Isopropyl Fomiat .
Cu 25: Mt cht hu c X mch h c khi lng phn t l 60 vC tha mn iu kin sau:
X khng tc dng vi Na, X tc dng vi d
2
NaOH, v X phn ng vi Ag
2
O.NH
3
. Vy X l cht no trong cc
cht sau:
A. CH
3
COOH B. HCOOCH
3
C.
C
3
H
7
OH D. HO CH
2
CHO
Cu 26. Mt este X c to ra bi mt axit no n chc v ancol no n chc c dX/CO
2
=2. Cng thc phn t ca
X l:
A. C
2
H
4
0
2
B. C
3
H
6
0
2

C. C
4
H
6
0
2
D. C
4
H
8
0
2
Cu 27. Cho 4,2g este n chc no E tc dng ht vi dd NaOH ta thu c 4,76g mui natri. Vy cng thc cu to
ca E c th l:
A. CH
3
COOCH
3
B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
C.
CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D. HCOOC
2
H
5
Cu 28: Hp cht hu c X n chc cha (C, H, O) khng tc dng vi Na nhng tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
theo t l mol 1 : 1 hoc 1 : 2. Khi t chy 1 mol X thu c 7 mol CO
2
. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. C
2
H
5
COOC
4
H
9
. B. HCOOC
6
H
5
. C. C
6
H
5
COOH.
D. C
3
H
7
COOC
3
H
7
.
Cu 29: Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam hp cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch gm 4,48 lt CO
2

( ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng hon
ton, thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn ca X l
D. etyl propionat. B. Metyl propionat. C.
Isopropyl axetat. D. Etyl axetat.
Cu 30: X l mt este no n chc mch h, t khi hi i vi CH
4
l 5,5. Nu un nng 2,2 gam este X vi dung
dch NaOH (d), thu c 2,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca X l
72/77

A. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
. B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
. C.
CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. D. HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2
.
Cu 31: Hai este n chc X v Y l ng phn ca nhau. Khi ho hi 1,85 gam X, thu c hi ng bng th tch
hi ca 0,7 gam N
2
(o cng iu kin). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l
A. HCOOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOCH
3
.
B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2
.
C. C
2
H
3
COOC
2
H
5
v C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
3
. D.
HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
Cu 32: t chy 1,6 gam mt este X n chc thu c 3,52 gam CO
2
v 1,152 gam H
2
O. Cho 10 gam X tc dng
vi dung dch NaOH (va ), c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 14 gam mui khan Y. Cho Y tc dng vi axit
v c long thu c Z khng phn nhnh. Cng thc cu to ca Z l
A. CH
3
(CH
2
)
3
COOH. B. CH
2
= CH(CH
2
)
2
COOH. C.
HO(CH
2
)
4
COOH. D. HO(CH
2
)
4
OH.
Cu 33: X l mt este khng no (cha 1 lin kt i C = C) n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton 4,3 gam X cn
va 7,2 gam O
2
. X c ti a bao nhiu cng thc cu to?
A. 3. B. 4.
C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 34:Hn hp A gm 2 este n chc no, ng phn. Khi trn 0,1 mol hn hp A vi O
2
va ri t chy thu
c 0,6 mol sn phm gm CO
2
v hi nc. Cng thc phn t 2 este l
A. C
4
H
8
O
2
. B. C
5
H
10
O
2
. C.
C
3
H
6
O
2
. D. C
3
H
8
O
2
.
Cu 35: Mt este to bi axit n chc v ancol n chc c t khi hi so vi CO
2
bng 2. Khi un nng este ny vi
dung dch NaOH to ra lng mui c khi lng ln hn lng este phn ng . Este l
A. Metyl axetat. B. Propyl axetat. C. Metyl
propionat. D. Etyl axetat.
Cu 36: Cho 1,76 gam mt este no, n chc phn ng va ht vi 40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c cht X v
cht Y. t chy hon ton 1,2 gam cht Y c 2,64 gam CO
2
v 1,44 gam H
2
O. Cng thc cu to ca este l
A. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
. B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. C.
C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
. D. CH
3
COOCH(CH
3
)
2
.
Cu 37: un nng hp cht X vi H
2
O (xc tc H
+
) c axit hu c Y v ancol Z n chc. Cho hi Z i qua ng
ng CuO, t
0
c hp cht T c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. t chy hon ton 2,8 gam X phi dng ht
3,92 lt oxi ( ktc), c kh CO
2
v hi nc theo t l th tch:
2 2
CO H O
V : V 3: 2 = . Bit
2
Y
N
d 2,57 = . Cng
thc cu to ca X l
73/77

A. CH
2
= CHCOOC
3
H
7
. B. CH
2
= CHCOOCH
2
CH = CH
2
. C. C
2
H
5
COOCH = CH
2
. D.
CH
2
=CHCH
2
COOCH=CH
2
.
Cu 38: X l este ca mt axit cacboxylic n chc v ancol etylic. Thy phn hon ton 7,4 gam X ngi ta dng
125 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Lng NaOH d 25% so vi l thuyt (lng cn thit). Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HCOOC
2
H
5
. B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. C.
C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
. D. HCOOCH
3
.
Cu 39: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol este n chc X ri cho sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh 1 ng 100 gam dung
dch H
2
SO
4
96,48%; bnh 2 ng dung dch KOH d. Sau th nghim thy nng H
2
SO
4
bnh 1 gim cn 87,08%;
bnh 2 c 82,8 gam mui. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
2
H
4
O
2
. B. C
3
H
6
O
2
. C.
C
4
H
8
O
2
. D. C
3
H
4
O
2
.
Cu 40: Cho ancol X tc dng vi axit Y c este E. Lm bay hi 8,6 gam E c th tch hi bng th tch ca 3,2
gam kh oxi (o cng iu kin), bit M
Y
> M
X
. Cng thc cu to ca E l :
A. HCOOCH
2
CH = CH
2
. B. CH
3
COOCH = CH
2
. C. CH
2
= CHCOOCH
3
.
D. HCOOCH = CHCH
3
.
Cu 41: Mt este n chc X c phn t khi l 88 vC. Cho 17,6 gam X tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M.
Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 23,2 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to
ca X l
A. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
. B. HCOOC
3
H
7
. C.
CH
3
CH
2
COOCH
3
. D. CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
3
.
Cu 42: t chy hon ton 4,44 gam cht hu c X n chc (cha C, H, O). Cho ton b sn phm chy hp th
hon ton vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d thy khi lng bnh tng 11,16 gam ng thi thu c 18 gam kt
ta. Ly m
1
gam X cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (va ), c cn dung dch sau phn ng c m
2
gam cht

rn
khan. Bit m
2
< m
1
. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HCOOC
2
H
5
. B. CH
3
COOCH
3
. C. C
2
H
5
COOH.
D. CH
2
= CHCOOCH
3
.
Cu 43: Hn hp M gm mt axit X n chc, mt ancol Y n chc v mt este to ra t X v Y. Khi cho 25,2
gam hn hp M tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 2M c 13,6 gam mui khan. Nu un nng Y vi
H
2
SO
4
c th thu c cht hu c Y
1
c t khi hi so vi Y bng 1,7 (coi hiu sut t 100%). Cng thc cu to
ca este l
A. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
. B. CH
3
COOC
3
H
7
. C. HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2
. D.
HCOOC
2
H
4
CH
3
hoc HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2
.
* Este a chc.
74/77

Cu 1: Cho 21,8 gam cht hu c X mch h ch cha mt loi nhm chc tc dng vi 1 lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M
thu c 24,6 gam mui v 0,1 mol ancol. Lng NaOH d c trung ho va ht bi 0,5 lt dung dch HCl 0,4M.
Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. (HCOO)
3
C
3
H
5
. B. (CH
3
COO)
2
C
2
H
4
. C.
(CH
3
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
. D. C
3
H
5
(COOCH
3
)
3
.
Cu 2: Thu phn hon ton 444 gam mt lipit thu c 46 gam glixerol v hai loi axit bo. Hai loi axit bo l
A. C
15
H
31
COOH v C
17
H
35
COOH.
B. C
17
H
33
COOH v C
15
H
31
COOH.
C. C
17
H
31
COOH v C
17
H
33
COOH.
D. C
17
H
33
COOH v C
17
H
35
COOH.
Cu 3: thu phn 0,01 mol este to bi mt ancol a chc v mt axit cacboxylic n chc cn dng 1,2 gam
NaOH. Mt khc thy phn 6,35 gam este cn 3 gam NaOH, sau phn ng thu c 7,05 gam mui. Cng thc
cu to ca este l
A. (CH
3
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
. B. (CH
2
= CHCOO)
3
C
3
H
5
. C. (CH
2
= CHCOO)
2
C
2
H
4
.
D. (C
3
H
5
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
.
Cu 4: iu ch mt este X, dng lm thuc chng mui gi tt l DEP ngi ta cho axit Y tc dng vi mt lng
d ancol Z. Mun trung ho dung dch cha 1,66 gam Y cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Trong dung dch ancol Z
94% (theo khi lng) t l s mol
2
Z H O
n : n 86:14 = . Bit 100 < M
Y
< 200. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH
2
= CHCOOCH
3
. B. C
6
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
. C.
C
6
H
4
(COOC
2
H
5
)
2
. D. (C
2
H
5
COO)
2
C
6
H
4
.
Cu 5. un nng 0,1 mol X vi lng va dd NaOH thu c 13,4g mui ca axit hu c a chc B v 9,2g ancol
n chc C. Cho ancol C bay hi 127
0
C v 600 mmHg s chim th tch 8,32 lt.Cng thc phn t ca cht X l:
A.
C H COOCH
3
COOCH
3
COOCH
3
B.
C H
2
C
H
2
COOCH
3
COOCH
3
C.
O
O
OC
2
H
5
OC
2
H
5

D.
O
O
OCH
3
OCH
3

Cu 6:X l este ca glixerol v axit hu c Y. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X ri hp th tt c sn phm chy vo
dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d thu c 60g kt ta. X c cng thc cu to l:
A.(HCOO)
3
C
3
H
5
B. (CH
3
COO)
3
C
3
H
5

C. (C
17
H
35
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
D. (C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5

75/77

Cu 7:X l este mch h do axit no A v ancol no B to ra. Khi cho 0,2 mol X phn ng vi NaOH thu c 32,8
gam mui. t chy 1 mol B cn dng 2,5 mol O
2
. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A.(CH
3
COO)
2
C
2
H
4
. B.(HCOO)
2
C
2
H
4
.
C.(C
2
H
5
COO)
2
C
2
H
4
. D.(CH
3
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
.
VI. XC NH CTPT, CTCT HN HP ESTE.
Cu 1: X phng ha hon ton 9,7 gam hn hp hai este n chc X, Y cn 150 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Sau phn
ng c cn dung dch thu c hn hp hai ancol ng ng k tip v mt mui duy nht. Cng thc cu to thu gn
ca X, Y ln lt l
A. HCOOCH
3
, HCOOC
2
H
5
.
B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
, C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
.
C. CH
3
COOCH
3
, CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

D. C
2
H
3
COOCH
3
, C
2
H
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
Cu 2: Mt hn hp X gm 2 este A, B n chc ng ng lin tip, khi b x phng ho cho ra 2 mui ca
axitcacboxylic v 1 ancol. Th tch dung dch NaOH 1M cn dng x phng ho este ny l 0,3 lit. Xc nh CTCT
v s mol mi este trong hn hp X. Bit rng khi lng m
X
=23,6 gam v trong 2 axit A, B khng c axit no cho
phn ng trng gng.
A. 0,1 mol CH
3
COOCH
3
v 0,2 mol CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
B. 0,2 mol CH
3
COOCH
3

v 0,1 mol CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

C. 0,2 mol CH
3
COOCH
3
v 0,1 mol C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
D. 0,2 mol HCOOCH
3
v
0,2 mol CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

Cu 3: Cho 35,2 gam hn hp gm 2 este no n chc l ng phn ca nhau c t khi hi i vi H
2
bng 44 tc
dng vi 2 lit dung dch NaOH 0,4 M, ri c cn dung dch va thu c, ta c 44,6 gam cht rn B. Cng thc ca
2 este l:
A. HCOOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOCH
3

B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

C. HCOOC
3
H
7
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

D. HCOOC
3
H
7
v CH
3
COOCH
3

Cu 4: t chy hon ton 3,7g hn hp 2 este ng phn X v Y ta thu c 3,36 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 2,7g H
2
O. X
v Y c cng thc cu to l:
A. CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
v HCOOCH
2
CH=CH
2
B. CH
3
COOCH
3
v
HCOOC
2
H
5

C. CH
2
=CHCOOC
2
H
5
v C
2
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
D. Kt qu khc.
76/77

Cu 5: x phng ho hon ton 2,22g hn hp 2 este ng phn X v Y cn dng ht 30ml dung dch KOH 1M.
Khi t chy hon ton hn hp 2 este th thu c kh CO
2
v hi nc c th tch bng nhau v o cng iu
kin. Cng thc phn t ca X, Y l:
A. CH
3
COOCH
3
v HCOOC
2
H
5

B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

C. C
3
H
7
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOC
3
H
7
D. Kt
qu khc.
Cu 6: Hai este n chc X v Y l ng phn ca nhau. Khi ho hi 1,85 gam X, thu c th tch hi ng bng th
tch ca 0,7 gam N
2
( o cng iu kin). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X, Y l:
A. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v HCOOCH(CH
3
)
2
B.
HCOOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOCH
3

C. C
2
H
3
COOC
2
H
5
v C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
3
D.
HCOOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

Cu 7: Lm bay hi 5,98 gam hn hp 2 este ca axit axetic v 2 ancol ng ng k tip ca ancol metylic. N chim
th tch 1,344 lit (ktc). Cng thc cu to ca 2 este l:
A. HCOOC
2
H
5
v HCOOC
3
H
7

B. CH
3
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOC
3
H
7
D.
CH
3
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

Cu 8: X l hn hp 2 este ng phn c to thnh t mt ancol n chc, mch cacbon khng phn nhnh vi axit
n chc. T khi hi ca X so vi hiro bng 44. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C
3
H
6
O
2
B. C
4
H
8
O
2

C. C
5
H
10
O
2
D. C
6
H
12
O
2

Cu 9: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp hai este n chc no, mch h cn 3,976 lt oxi (o diu kin tiu
chun) thu c 6,38 g CO
2
. Cho lng este ny tc dng va vi KOH thu c hn hp hai ru k tip v 3,92
g mui ca mt axit hu c. Cng thc cu to ca hai cht hu c trong hn hp u l:
A. HCOOCH
3
v C
2
H
5
COOCH
3

B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
v C
3
H
7
OH
C. CH
3
COOCH
3
V CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D. CH
3
COOCH
3

V CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
Cu 10: Hn hp Y gm hai este n chc mch h l ng phn ca nhau. Cho m gam hn hp Y tc dng va
vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M, thu c mt mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v hn hp hai ru. Mt khc t
chy hon ton m gam hn hp Y cn dng 5,6 lt O
2
v thu c 4,48 lt CO
2
(cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu
chun). Cng thc cu to ca 2 este trong hn hp Y l:
77/77

A. CH
3
COOCH
3
v HCOOC
2
H
5
B.
C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v HCOOC
3
H
C. CH
3
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D.
HCOO-CH(CH
3
)CH
3

VII. ESTE V CC HP CHT KHC.
Cu 1: Mt hn hp X gm 2 cht hu c n chc. Cho X phn ng va vi 500ml dung dch KOH 1M. Sau
phn ng thu c hn hp Y gm 2 mui ca hai axit cacboxylic v mt ancol. Cho ton b lng ancol thu c
trn tc dng vi Na d, sinh ra 3,36 lit H
2
( ktc). Hn hp X gm:
A. mt axit v mt este B. mt este v mt ancol C. hai este
D. mt axit v mt ancol