INTRODUCTION

Sag tension calculation is carried out to estimate the sag in the conductor under various
temperatures. The calculation is carried out for the conductor span lengths in use in 765kV
INPUT DATA
Input data required for carrying out the calculations are as follows;
Initial tension

conductor diameter (dc)

c/c distance of tower

conductor Area (Ac)

girder width (lg)

Expansion coefficient ()

tower height (h1)

Elasticity modulas (E)

tower height (h2)

No. of strings

Wind Pressure on cond (Pwc)

Diameter of string insulator (di)

Wind Pressure on insulator (Pwi)

weight of string

No. of conductos (n)

string weight/ conductor (Wwi)

Conductor weight (Mc)

String length (RS)

spacer weight (Ms)

Conductor chord length (lc)

PARAMETERS USED
1 - Initial Temperature

Wwi - Equivalent weight of insulator with wind

2 - final Temperature

L - span length

D1- Sag at centre of insulator catenary'

f1 - Stress at Temprature 1
f2 - Stress at Temprature 2

below end of string

D2- Sag at centre of insulator catenary'

w1- Equivalent weight of

below support
D3 - Conductor Sag below end of insulator string

conductor at Temprature 1
w2- Equivalent weight of

Wwi- wind load

D4 - total Sag insulator plus conductor

conductor at Temprature 2
T1 - Tension at Temprature 1

X - Half inclined length of conductor span

T2 - Tension at Temprature 2

X1 - Projected Length of SP

ns- No. of spacers

X2- Projected length of SP+RS

M'- Equivalent conductor weight

X3- Projected length of insulator string

BASIS OF CALCULATION
Tension at any temperature 2 deg C
a)

- half span length of conductor

Tension at any temperature 2

the equation to be solved is as follows:
f22 x [f2 - F] = G

1
6T

l2E
2

where

G=

F= f1-

1
6T

l2E
2

-(2 -1)E

w22l2E
6Ac2
T1/Ac

f1=
b)

Loading due to wind on conductor and insulator:

Wind loading Wwc = Pwc x dc for conductor
Wind loading Wwi = Pwi x di for insulator

c)

Loading due to self weight of the conductor and spacers:

weight of the spacers has been considered alongwith the weight of the conductor.
The equivalent weight of the conductor and spacers is given by:
M' = M'c + (ns.Ms)/(n.lc) .. As per IEC - 865
where
M' = weight of the sub conductor
ns = no. of spacers
Ms = weight of the spacer
n = no. of sub conductor
lc = chord length of the conductor ( total span less the girder width and length of the insulator string)
Equivalent weight of the conductor in the loaded condition:
equivalent weight of conductor under full wind condition is given by
[(M')2 + (Wwc)2]

w1 =
d)

Maximum sag(D4)
Refer Fig 1
a1= T/W1 for conductor catenary
a2= T/Wwi for insulator catenary
where
T: tension in kg/conductor
W1 : equivalent conductor weight
W1 = no of string x string weight
string length
X = (l-RS) X 1.0005(assumed)
X1 = a2 X
a1
SP = a2 sinh X1
a2

RSP = RS + SP
X2 = a2 sinh-1RSP
a2
X3 = X2 - X1
X = 1/2 * 1-X3
D1 = a2( coshX1 - 1)
a2

Ref page 54 of Text book "Generation Transmission

and Utilization of Electrical Power" -A.T.STARR

D2 = a2( coshX2 - 1)
a2

D3 = a1( coshX - 1)
a1
Sag D4 = D3 + D2 - D1

e)

Point of Maximum sag from the Support towers

XP1 =1 l +
2

XP2 =1 l +
2

Th
wl

Th
wl

Reference: Text Book:"GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER"A.T.STARR

SAMPLE CALCULATION
Circuit : 765kV Quad Moose 104 m span)
General Data
Initial tension
c/c of tower
Girder width lg
c/c tower - leg
Tower Height
Wind pressure on conductor(Pwc)

2250
104
2
104
39
139.74

172.08 kg/m

Wind pressure on Insulator(Pwi)

Conductor Data
No. of conductors(n)
Conductor weight(Mc)
Conductor Diameter(dc)
Conductor Area (Ac)
Expansion Coefficient(a)
Elasticity Modulus(E)

4
2.4
3.83E-02
0.000865
0.000023
4.71E+09

Spacer Data
Spacer span
No. of spacers(ns)
Spacer weight (ms)

2
47
0.255
7.5
0.145
54.2
7.854

Preliminiary Claculation
String Length(LS)
Conductor chord length(lc)
Total string weight
String weight/conductor(Wwi)
Equivalent conductor weight(M')

7.854
86.292
759.2
189.8
2.623

Ref ANNEXURE-I
Ref ANNEXURE-I

Kg/m
m
sq.m
degC
as per IS 398 (P-III-1976)
kg/sq.m as per IS 398 (P-III-1976)

7.5 m
11 Nos
7 kg

Insulator & Hardware Data

No of strings
No of Disc Insulators/string
Diameter of each disc(di)
Weight of disc Disc
Length of each disc(li)
Weight of Insulator Hardware
Length of insulator Harware including insulator(lh)

MAIN CALCULATION
1
Load calculation for conductor
Wind Load Wwc = dc x Pwc

kg./cond
m
m
m
m
kg/m2

Nos
Nos
m
kg
m
kg
m

m
m
kg
kg
kg/m

0.03825x139.74

5.35 kg

Eq.Wt. of conductor under still wind condition

W1

2.6231 kg/m

Eq.Wt of conductor under full wind condition

W2

=
=
=

(M') + (Wwc)
(2.623^2+5.345^2 )
5.9500 kg/m

Wwi

=
=
=

d x Pwi x 0.5 x LS
0.255 x 172.08 x 0.5 x 7.854
172.32 kg

Wi

=
=
=

(string weight/cond) +(Wwi)

((189.8)^2+(172.318)^2)
256.3545 kg

Load calculation for string insulator

wind load

Equivalent weight of insulator with wind

Calculation of tension at 2 Deg C(5 Deg.C) and full wind condition - T2

f1

Initial tension at 0 deg C and full wind condition (T1)

Area (Ac)

2250
0.000865
kg/m2

Hence

f1

2600073.96

Half span length of conductor

LH

=
=
=

(half span - insulator length) x 1.0005

((104-2)/2-7.854)x1.0005
43.17 m

Substituting the value of W2 for full wind condition and other values, G can be calculated as
G

2 2

w2 l E
6 Ac2

Hence

5.95^2x43.17^2x4709000000
(6x0.00086536^2)
6.915E+19

Substituting the value of W2 for full wind condition and other values with temprature diffrence of 5oC, F can be calculated as

f1

2 2

6Ac f1

Putting all the values we get

F

=
=

- (2-1)Ea

w2 l E
2

2600073.958-5.95^2*43.17^2x4709000000/(6x0.00086536^2x
2600073.958^2)-(5-0)x4709000000x0.000023
-8.17E+06

The stress f2 at 5 deg C could be found out by sloving the cubic equation "f23-Ff22-G=0" for f2
Now, f23-Ff22-G

E101^3-E91*E101^2-E82
2540857.511^3--8169925.317x2540857.511^2-69148352210435100000
0.00E+00

we get f2

2
2540857.51 kg/m

Hence the tension T2 under full wind condition at 5 deg C = f2 x Ac

=
2540857.511 x 0.0008654
Hence
f2
=
2198.76 kg
The tension(T2) values are calculated for full wind conditions up to 75 deg.C in steps of 5 deg.C
d)

Sag under full wind conditions - Initial temperature 0 deg C

Sag point XP1 = 1/2 x (L)

XP1

52

with reference to fig 1 and equations given under section 4.3

=

2
378.15 kg/m

2250
=
256.355/7.854

2
68.93 kg/m

a1

T1
w1

2250
5.9500

a2

T1
wi

X(ass)

=
=

((l-2)/2-RS) x 1.0005
43.17 m

X1

=
=
=

(a2/a1) X
(68.934/378.151)x43.168
7.87

SP

=
=
=

a2sinh(X1f/a2)
68.934xSINH(7.869/68.934)
7.89

((104-2)/2-7.854)x1.0005

RSP

=
=
=

SP+LS
7.886+7.854
15.74

X2

=
=
=

a2sinh-1(RSP/a2)
68.934xASINH(15.74/68.934)
15.61

X3

=
=
=

X2 - X1
15.607-7.869
7.74

=
=
=

XP1 - X3
52 -7.737- 1
43.26

D1

=
=
=

a2(cosh (X1/a2) -1)

68.934x(COSH(7.869/68.934)-1)
0.45

D2

=
=
=

a2(cosh (X2/a2) -1)

68.934x(COSH(15.607/68.934)-1)
1.77E+00

D3

=
=
=

a2(cosh (X3/a1) -1)

378.151x(COSH(43.263/378.151)-1)
2.4774367

D4

D4

D3 + D2 - D1
2.477+1.774-0.45
3.802 m

Hence sag at full wind condition at 0 deg C is given by

Hence
SUMMARY

The Sag tension at various temperatures for both still wind & full wind condition for the following cases are carried out.
1) 765kV Quad Bull - 54 m Span with Tower Height of 27m
2) 765kV Quad Bull - 104 m Span with Tower Height of 39m
3) 765kV Quad Bull - 93 m Span with Tower Height of 39m

SAG TENSION CALCULATION-765 KV

CIRCUIT:765 KV Quad Bull (54 M SPAN)
Initial tension

No of spacers(ns)

2250 kg/cond

c/c of tower
Girder width (lg)
Span (c/c tower-lg)
Tower height(h1) :
Tower height(h2) :
Wind pr. on cond
Wind pr on insulator:
No of conductors:
Cond weight
spacer span

104
2
102
39
39
139.74
172.08
4
2.4
7.5

spacer weight(Ms)
Eq Cond weight
Cond dia
Cond area
Exp. Coefficient
Elas Modulus
No of strings
Dia of string insul
weight/string
String weight/cond.
String length(RS)
Cond chord len (lc)

m
m
m
m
m
Kg/sqm
Kg/sqm
Kg/m
m

FULL WIND CONDITION

Temp

Temperature
deg c

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75

Tension (kg)

Sag
(in meters)

Tension
(kg)

Sag point
(in meters )

Sag (in meters)

2250.00
2198.92
2150.83
2105.48
2062.64
2022.10
1983.67
1947.20
1912.53
1879.52
1848.06
1818.03
1789.33
1761.88
1735.58
1710.37

52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00

3.808
3.897
3.984
4.069
4.154
4.237
4.319
4.399
4.479
4.557
4.635
4.711
4.786
4.861
4.934
5.007

1069.69
1040.43
1013.32
988.12
964.63
942.66
922.06
902.71
884.48
867.28
851.01
835.59
820.96
807.05
793.80
781.17

52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00
52.00

3.82
3.922
4.027
4.128
4.228
4.326
4.422
4.516
4.608
4.698
4.787
4.875
4.961
5.045
5.128
5.210

43.17
172.32
256.35

T(still wind)

f1

w1

m
kg
kg
m
m

(half span length)

(weight of insulator in still wind)
(weight of insulator in full wind)

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75

1069.69
1040.43
1013.32
988.12
964.63
942.66
922.06
902.71
884.48
867.28
851.01
835.59
820.96
807.05
793.80
781.17

1236127.01
1202313.34
1170984.22
1141862.27
1114710.02
1089323.05
1065524.52
1043160.72
1022097.38
1002216.74
983415.08
965600.70
948692.20
932617.08
917310.55
902714.54

2.64E+00
2.64E+00
2.64E+00
2.64E+00
2.64E+00
2.64E+00
2.64E+00
2.64E+00
2.64E+00
2.64E+00
2.64E+00
2.64E+00
2.64E+00
2.64E+00
2.64E+00

G1
1.36E+19
1.36E+19
1.36E+19
1.36E+19
1.36E+19
1.36E+19
1.36E+19
1.36E+19
1.36E+19
1.36E+19
1.36E+19
1.36E+19
1.36E+19
1.36E+19
1.36E+19
1.36E+19

43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17

X1f
4.7140482
4.7140482
4.7140482
4.7140482
4.7140482
4.7140482
4.7140482
4.7140482
4.7140482
4.7140482
4.7140482
4.7140482
4.7140482
4.7140482

SPf
4.7229642
4.72347306
4.72398444
4.72449807
4.7250137
4.72553114
4.72605021
4.72657075
4.72709262
4.72761572
4.72813993
4.72866517
4.72919136
4.72971841

RSPf
12.57696
12.57747
12.57798
12.5785
12.57901
12.57953
12.58005
12.58057
12.58109
12.58162
12.58214
12.58267
12.58319
12.58372

X2
12.413606
12.405114
12.396612
12.388107
12.379602
12.371101
12.362606
12.35412
12.345646
12.337185
12.328738
12.320309
12.311896
12.303503

X(ass)f

kg
kg/m
m
sq m
/ deg c
kg/sqm

STILL WIND CONDITION

Sag point
( in meters)

l =
Ww(ins) =
Wi =

11
7.5
2.639
3.83E-02
8.65E-04
2.30E-05
4.71E+09
2
0.255
379.6
189.8
7.854
86.292

F1
-7.67E+06
-8.21E+06
-8.75E+06
-9.29E+06
-9.83E+06
-1.04E+07
-1.09E+07
-1.15E+07
-1.20E+07
-1.25E+07
-1.31E+07
-1.36E+07
-1.42E+07
-1.47E+07
-1.52E+07
-1.58E+07

f2
1202313.34
1170984.22
1141862.27
1114710.02
1089323.05
1065524.52
1043160.72
1022097.38
1002216.74
983415.08
965600.70
948692.20
932617.08
917310.55
902714.54

gs(f2)
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00

X3
7.6995577
7.6910653
7.6825641
7.6740589
7.6655539
7.6570524
7.6485576
7.6400718
7.6315975
7.6231364
7.6146902
7.6062604
7.5978482
7.5894547

X(act)s
43.30
43.31
43.32
43.33
43.33
43.34
43.35
43.36
43.37
43.38
43.39
43.39
43.40
43.41

D1s
0.251254517
0.258334683
0.26526067
0.272040651
0.278682271
0.285192663
0.291578475
0.297845895
0.304000686
0.310048214
0.315993477
0.321841136
0.327595541
0.333260752

a1s

a2s

4.05E+02
3.94E+02
3.84E+02
3.74E+02
3.66E+02
3.57E+02
3.49E+02
3.42E+02
3.35E+02
3.29E+02
3.22E+02
3.17E+02
3.11E+02
3.06E+02
3.01E+02
2.96E+02

44.264402
43.05357
41.931708
40.888881
39.916588
39.007507
38.155307
37.354483
36.600227
35.888322
35.215055
34.577141
33.971665
33.396032
32.847922
32.325254

D2s
1.752087569
1.799553827
1.845841381
1.891011491
1.935121452
1.978224728
2.020371148
2.061607123
2.101975885
2.141517714
2.180270163
2.218268269
2.255544755
2.292130211

D3s
2.31E+00
2.38E+00
2.45E+00
2.51E+00
2.57E+00
2.63E+00
2.69E+00
2.75E+00
2.81E+00
2.87E+00
2.92E+00
2.98E+00
3.03E+00
3.09E+00

D4s
3.82E+00
3.92E+00
4.03E+00
4.13E+00
4.23E+00
4.33E+00
4.42E+00
4.52E+00
4.61E+00
4.70E+00
4.79E+00
4.87E+00
4.96E+00
5.05E+00

43.17
43.17
Temp

4.7140482 4.73024627
4.7140482 4.73077488

12.58425 12.295129 7.5810808

12.58477 12.286776 7.5727273

43.42
43.43

0.338840569
0.344338548

2.328053268
2.363340748

3.14E+00
3.19E+00

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75

T(full wind)
2250.00
2198.92
2150.83
2105.48
2062.64
2022.10
1983.67
1947.20
1912.53
1879.52
1848.06
1818.03
1789.33
1761.88
1735.58
1710.37

f1
2600073.96
2541041.14
2485471.65
2433066.88
2383560.16
2336712.95
2292311.39
2250163.41
2210096.11
2171953.58
2135594.88
2100892.39
2067730.30
2036003.30
2005615.47
1976479.26

w1
5.96E+00
5.96E+00
5.96E+00
5.96E+00
5.96E+00
5.96E+00
5.96E+00
5.96E+00
5.96E+00
5.96E+00
5.96E+00
5.96E+00
5.96E+00
5.96E+00
5.96E+00

G1
6.94E+19
6.94E+19
6.94E+19
6.94E+19
6.94E+19
6.94E+19
6.94E+19
6.94E+19
6.94E+19
6.94E+19
6.94E+19
6.94E+19
6.94E+19
6.94E+19
6.94E+19

F1
-8.21E+06
-8.75E+06
-9.29E+06
-9.83E+06
-1.04E+07
-1.09E+07
-1.15E+07
-1.20E+07
-1.25E+07
-1.31E+07
-1.36E+07
-1.42E+07
-1.47E+07
-1.52E+07
-1.58E+07

f2
2541041.14
2485471.65
2433066.88
2383560.16
2336712.95
2292311.39
2250163.41
2210096.11
2171953.58
2135594.88
2100892.39
2067730.30
2036003.30
2005615.47
1976479.26

gs(f2)
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00

a1f
3.77E+02
3.69E+02
3.61E+02
3.53E+02
3.46E+02
3.39E+02
3.33E+02
3.27E+02
3.21E+02
3.15E+02
3.10E+02
3.05E+02
3.00E+02
2.96E+02
2.91E+02
2.87E+02

a2f
6.89E+01
6.74E+01
6.59E+01
6.45E+01
6.32E+01
6.20E+01
6.08E+01
5.97E+01
5.86E+01
5.76E+01
5.66E+01
5.57E+01
5.48E+01
5.40E+01
5.32E+01
5.24E+01

X1f
7.8836916
7.8836916
7.8836916
7.8836916
7.8836916
7.8836916
7.8836916
7.8836916
7.8836916
7.8836916
7.8836916
7.8836916
7.8836916
7.8836916
7.8836916
7.8836916

SPf

43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17
43.17

RSPf
1.58E+01
1.58E+01
1.58E+01
1.58E+01
1.58E+01
1.58E+01
1.58E+01
1.58E+01
1.58E+01
1.58E+01
1.58E+01
1.58E+01
1.58E+01
1.58E+01
1.58E+01
1.58E+01

X2
1.56E+01
1.56E+01
1.56E+01
1.56E+01
1.56E+01
1.56E+01
1.56E+01
1.56E+01
1.56E+01
1.56E+01
1.56E+01
1.56E+01
1.56E+01
1.55E+01
1.55E+01
1.55E+01

X3
7.74E+00
7.73E+00
7.73E+00
7.72E+00
7.72E+00
7.71E+00
7.70E+00
7.70E+00
7.69E+00
7.69E+00
7.68E+00
7.68E+00
7.67E+00
7.67E+00
7.66E+00
7.66E+00

X(act)f
43.26
43.27
43.27
43.28
43.28
43.29
43.30
43.30
43.31
43.31
43.32
43.32
43.33
43.33
43.34
43.34

D1f
4.51E-01
4.62E-01
4.72E-01
4.82E-01
4.92E-01
5.02E-01
5.12E-01
5.22E-01
5.31E-01
5.41E-01
5.50E-01
5.59E-01
5.68E-01
5.77E-01
5.86E-01
5.94E-01

D2f
1.78E+00
1.82E+00
1.86E+00
1.90E+00
1.94E+00
1.97E+00
2.01E+00
2.05E+00
2.08E+00
2.12E+00
2.15E+00
2.19E+00
2.22E+00
2.26E+00
2.29E+00
2.32E+00

D3f
2.48E+00
2.54E+00
2.60E+00
2.65E+00
2.71E+00
2.77E+00
2.82E+00
2.87E+00
2.93E+00
2.98E+00
3.03E+00
3.08E+00
3.13E+00
3.18E+00
3.23E+00
3.28E+00

X(ass)f

7.90
7.90
7.90
7.90
7.90
7.90
7.91
7.91
7.91
7.91
7.91
7.91
7.91
7.91
7.91
7.91

2500

2000

3
1000

500

Sag m

1500

Tension

Sag m

Tension kg

Full Wind Condition

Temp Vs Tension & Sag

Tension

Sag

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Temp Deg C

Tension kg

Still Wind Condition

Temp Vs Tension & Sag
1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
1

Temp Deg C

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Sag

5.13E+00
5.21E+00

D4f
3.808
3.897
3.984
4.069
4.154
4.237
4.319
4.399
4.479
4.557
4.635
4.711
4.786
4.861
4.934
5.007

Temp Deg C

Annexure I
POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED
765/400kV RAIPUR NEW & 400kV RAIPUR EXTN. S/S
WIND PRESSURE CALCULATION FOR CONDUCTOR & INSULATOR STRING
The wind pressure on tubular bus & Bpi is calculated based on IS :802 (Part 1) -1995
Basic wind speed (Vb)as per cl. 8.1 of IS :802

39 m/Sec

Maximum Level of Equipment bus above FGL

39 m

Note : Max.Wind Pressure on various components will occur at 14m level.Hence the same is
considered for calculations
At 14m level from FGL,summary of wind pressure are as below :
I
II

Wind pressure on Flexible Conductor AAC Bull

Wind pressure on Insulator String

2
139.74 Kg/m
2
172.08 Kg/m

=
=

Detail calculation for the above are as follows:

A

Claculation for Design Wind Pressure

A.1

A.2

Design Wind Speed :(as per cl.5.3 IS:875)

Where
Vb = Basic wind speed as per cl5.2 of IS :875

(Vb x K1x K2)/K0

K0

=
=

39 m/sec
1.375

K1 = Risk Coefficient
(From Table -1 ,For Reliability level 2)
K2 = Terrain height & Structure size factor
(From Table - 3 ,for Terrain category-2)

=
=

Hence, Design Wind Speed Vz

Design Wind Pressure: (as per cl.5.4 of IS :875) Pd

1.1
1

31.2 m/sec
0.6 x Vd2

=
=

2
584.064 N/m
2
60 Kg/m

Fpc

Pd * Cdc * Ac * Gc

Cdc
Ac
Gc

=
=
=

Fpc

=
=

60 * 1.2 * 1 * 2.032
2
139.74 kg/m

Pd * Cdi * Ai * Gi

Cdi
Ai
Gi

=
=
=

1.2
2
1 m
2.39

Fpi

=
=

Wind Load on AAC Bull

B.1

Wind Load on AAC Bull

Drag Coeefficient
Unit Crossectional Area of Conductor
Gust Response Factor
Therefore,

Vd

1
2
1 m
2.329

Wind Load on Insulator String

C.1

Wind Load on Insulator String

Drag Coeefficient
Unit Crossectional Area of String
Gust Response Factor
Therefore,

Fpi

60 * 1.2 * 1 * 2.032
2
172.08 kg/m