TH Khuon

Thit k khun vi s tr gip ca my tnh
GVHD: L QUC PHONG SVTH: NGUYN VN THIU

MC LC
1. V bn v chi tit ca ming lt ray tu
2. Phn tch kt cu thnh lp bn v vt c.
3. V bn v mu v hp li.
4. Quy trnh lm khun c.
5. Tnh ton thit k h thng rt v tnh lc khun.



A- THUYT MINH
1/ phn tch bn v chi tit
bn v chi tit ca ming lt ray tu



- Phn tch kt cu, thnh lp bn v c ming lt ray tu
phn tch k cu, tnh ton cc thng s cho bn v vt c
ming lt ray tu
Da vo bn v chi tit ta thnh lp bn v chi tit ca
ming lt ray tu
Ming lt ray tu l mt chi tit st ng ray tu c nh li, v
ming lt ray tu cng phi chu mt lc ln khi tu chy qua
,Xut pht t iu kin lm vic nh vy nn vt liu chn c
ming lt ray tu bng thp. u im ca thp l c tnh c tt,
ct gt d dng nh cng khng cao, phoi d gy.
Sau khi c xong chuyn sang gia cng li cc b mt ca ming
lt ray tu nh yu cu ghi trn bn v chi tit bng my tin.
Kch thc vt c = kch thc chi tit + dung sai c +
lng d gia cng c.
Dung sai c da vo bng 4.2 sch dung sai lp ghp ca
NINH C TN ta tra c cc tr s dung sai ca kch thc
danh ngha c trn bn v chi tit ming lt ray tu



2.Bn v vt c



a
r

b

H3.Gc c
R
2.chn mt phn khun
,Bn v c v trn c s bn v chi tit, n th hin c
mt phn khun, lng d gia cng, dc bn hnh gc lng ,
li, gi li, khe h gi li, cc kich thc t mt chun
3.xc nh lng d gia cng
4.xc nh dung sai vt c .(hnh v)
5.xc nh bn knh gc ln .
m bo bn cho khun mu, ch tip gip

Gc trong : r =
2 5
1
3
1 b a +
|
.
|
\
|
+

Gc ngoi : R = r + b

a,b l chiu dy thnh vt c giao nhau.

6.xc nh dc rt mu.

. dc : m bo rt khun mu, nhng nu dc qu
ln s gy ra sai lch nn ta phi chn va , do mt khng gia
cng c v cn c vo chiu dy thnh vt c ta chn dc m
nghing 1

7 li vt c

8. tai gi mu

. khi nim
- B mu: L cng c chnh to hnh khun c.
B mu bao gm: Mu chnh, tm mu, mu ca h thng rt, u
hi, u ngt.
- Hp li: Dng ch to ra li.


Li to hnh dng bn trong ca vt c.

9. cc yu cu thit k mu ming lt ray tu
- Cu to phi n gin, d ch to mu v hp li.
- bn t ming ri nh.
- B mu dng c lu t, b bin dng.
- chnh xc, nhn bng.
10. Thit k mu ming lt ray tu
- Vt liu lm mu l g
- Mt phn mu trng vi mt phn khun
- Kch thc mu = kch thc vt c + co kim
loi
- Vt liu c ming lt ray tu l thp do co
l 2%



3.B tr vt c trong khun



4. BN V VT MU



bn v hp li

_ Vt liu lm hp li l g v g c u im l r, nh, d gia
cng. Do yu cu ng knh ca li khng ln nn vt liu lm
hp li c th chn bng g tp h gi thnh sn phm m yu
cu k thut vn t.

a5: xc nh kch thc ng rt


Bc 1: Lm na khung di
t tm mu sau t na mu di ln tm mu ri t
mu rc lp phn chi ln mu tip tho rc lp ct o ln mu,
ct m vo dm cht ln 1. Tip tc ct o vo dm cht ln 2,
gt phng v xm hi.
Bc 2: Lm na khun trn.
quay na khun di 180
0
t na khun trn ln nh v vi
khun di bng cc cht nh v. Lp na mu trn vo khun
di bng cc cht nh v rc mt lp phn ch. th ng rt, u
hi, u ngt. Tip theo rc lp ct o vo v lam tng t nh
lm na khun di sau xm hi.
Bc 3: Tho lp khun.
Theo cht nh v nhc khun trn ra tin hnh rt mu chnh
v rt mu ca h thng rt, hi u ngt, s cha lng khung
v khot rnh lc x v rnh dn, sn khun tin hnh lp rp
khun.

11.Tnh ton h thng rt.


a.xc nh din tch rnh dn ,ng rt,rnh lc x.
Thit k h thng rt
H thng rt l h thng dn kim loi lng t thng rt vo
khun. S b tr ca h thng rt quyt nh cht lng vt c v
gim c hao ph kim loi vo h thng rt. Hao ph do h thng
rt gy nn t n 30%.
Yu cu :
- Ton b lng khun c in y kim loi
- Dng kim loi phi chy u, m, khng va p vo lng
khun.
- H thng rt phi chc khng b v
Thit k cc b phn ca h thng rt
.



6.Cc loi cc rt

7.ng rt

. - ng rt : ng rt dng dn kim loi t phu n rnh
lc x, ng rt c nh hng ln n tc chy ca kim loi vo
khun c, p lc ca kim loi ln thnh khun c ph thuc vo
chiu cao ng rt.
Chiu cao ca ng rt cao hn mt cao nht ca vt c
trong lng khun mt khong ( ) 200 100 mm
a.5.xc nh khch thc ng rt

.a.6- Rnh lc x : Rnh lc x c b tr nm ngang chn x
i vo lng khun. N c b tr trn rnh dn, nhm t cho x
nh ni ln trn v li trong rnh lc x, cn kim loi sch theo
rnh dn vo khun



8.Rnh lc x
Cc loi rnh lc x:
a-rnh lc tit din hnh ngang
b- rnh x c mnh lc hoc mng ngn
c- rnh lc x gp khc v nhiu bc

a7. Rnh dn : Rnh dn dng dn kim loi lng t rnh lc x
vo lng khun. Nhim v ca rnh dn l khng ch tc v
hng ca dng kim loi chy vo khun.
Hnh dng v s lng ca rnh dn c nh hng rt ln
n cht lng vt c.
Chn tit din ca rnh dn l hnh thang dt v u im
ca rnh dn ny l d ni x, d ct rnh dn khi vt c, gim
khuynh hng to thnh xp co ch dn kim loi vo lng
khun.
Chn ch dn kim loi vo khun hp l bo m c s
in y lng khun u n, trnh c nhng ng sut bn trong
v r co tao ra trong vt c.


Khi lng ca ming lt ray tu khng ln lm, v c dng hnh
tr ta dn kim loi vo mt pha

a.1.xc nh khi lng vt c .
Khi lng kim loi chy qua cc rnh dn bng khi lng vt
c ( k c h thng rt, u ngt )
Ta c :
= G t V F
rd
. . .
(1)
Vi
rd
F : Tng thit din rnh dn (cm
2
)
V : Vn tc kim loi chy qua h thng rt (cm/s)
t : Thi gian kim loi chy qua h thng rt (s)
G : Khi lng vt c ( k c u ngt, h thng rt )
: khi lng ring ca kim loi
Ta c :
rd
F
=
. .t V
G
(cm
2
) (2)
= 6,8 (g/cm
3
)
tnh c
rd
F th phi bit c khi lng ming lt
ray tu ta c :
M
ml
= m
1
+ m
2
-m
3
- m
4

Trong :
m
1
: khi lng lng phn tn ca ming lt


m
2
: khi lng tr pha di ca ming lt bao
gm c phn vt
m
3
: khi lng hnh tr rng ca ming lt
m
4
: khi lng phn vt
Ta c : m
1
=
c b a V . . . .
1
=

thay s vo ta c m
1
= 6,8.0,02.0,04.0,025 = 0,157 (kg)
m
2
= c b a V . . . .
2
=
thay s vo ta c m
2
= 6,8.0,09.0,07.0,025= 0,1,236 (kg)
m
3
=
h R V
2
3
. . . t =

thay s vo ta c m
3
= 6,8.3,14.(0,015)
2
.0,025 = 0,138 (kg)
m
4
=
c
b a
V .
2
.
. .
4
=

thay s vo ta c m
4
= 6,8. 07 , 0 .
2
01 , 0 . 01 , 0
= 0,0275 (kg)
m
ml
= 0,157+1,236-0,138-0,0275 = 1,23 (kg)
G = 1,23 (kg)
Theo cng thc becnuli trong thu ng hc th :

a.2. xc nh (v) h s cn thy lc

p
H g V . 2 | =
= 0,58
Trong :
| : h s cn thu lc, chn
4 , 0 = |

g : gia tc trng trng g = 9,8 (m/s
2
)
H
P
: chiu cao trung bnh tnh ton ca p sut(cm)
T ta c
| . . . . 2 t H g
G
F
p
rd
=
(3)

a.4. xc nh H
p
.


Tnh H
P
chiu cao tnh ton ca ct p sut c tnh theo
cng thc

C
P
H H
p
2
2
=

Trong :
H : chiu cao ca ng rt t ch dn kim loi n mt
thong (cm)
C : chiu cao ca vt c (cm)
P : chiu cao vt c tnh t ch dn kim loi vo khun tr
ln (cm)

rnh dn mt phn khun nn ta c
8
C
H H
p
= = 0,11 (4)
Thay (4) vo (3) ta c :
| . .
8
2 t
C
H g
G
F
rd
|
.
|
\
|

=
(5)



9.S tnh ton ct p sut

Thi gian kim loi chy trong rnh dn t c tnh theo cng thc
thc nghim sau :
a.3. xc nh thi gian rt t

G K t =
= 1,88 (s) chn K= 1,7
Thay t vo cng thc (5) ta c
|
.
|
\
|
=
8
. 2 . . .
C
H g K
G
F
rd
|

Vi
( )
3
/ 8 , 6 cm g =

4 , 0 = |
7 , 1 = K ( ) kg G 23 , 1 =

( )
( ) m C
m H
055 , 0
12 , 0
=
=



Thay s vo ta c
( ) ( )
2 2
29 , 1 29 , 1
8
055 , 0
12 . 0 , 0 . 10 . 2 . 7 , 1 . 4 , 0 . 8 , 6
23 , 1
cm m F
rd
= =
|
.
|
\
|
=

Vt liu c bng thp nn ta c t l
2 , 1 : 1 , 1 : 1 : : =
or rLX rd
F F F

Trong :
F
rLX
: l din tch rnh lc x
F
or
: l din tch ng rt
Ta c
( )
2
419 , 1 1 , 1 . 29 , 1 cm F
rLX
= =

) ( 548 , 1 2 , 1 . 29 , 1 = = cm F
or

Ta c ng knh ca ng rt phn di c tnh :
( ) cm
F
d
or
D
4 , 1
14 , 3
548 , 1 . 4 4
= = =
t

ng knh ng rt gn cc rt d
R
c ly ln hn d
D
15%
Ta c
( ) cm d d d
D D r
61 , 1 15 , 0 . 4 , 1 4 , 1 15 , 0 . = + = + =

5.2 Tnh lc khun.
Sau khi lp khun, ta phi dng bu lng kp cht hai na phn khun hoc
t mt ti trng ln khun trnh cho kim loi lng khng th nng
khun trn ln v trn theo mt phn khun ra ngoi. Lc khun phi ln
hn lc y acsimt ca kim loi lng ln khun.
Tng lc y ln khun trn c tnh theo cng thc :
dl dkt d
P P P + =

Lc khun :
( )n G P Q
KT
. =
n : H s an ton
G
KT
= G
Ct khun
+ G
Hm khun
; G
Hm khun
= 15% G
Ct kh
Ta c ;G
ct khun
= 120.120.100.10
-9
.7848 =11,3 (Kg)
Ta c lc y khun trn l
V P
dkt
. =



V : Th tch c gii hn mt y l phn b mt tip xc vi kim
loi lng ( vt c ) chiu cao tnh t mt n mt thong kim loi
cc rt
: khi lng ring ca vt liu kim loi
Vi V = 100.70.120 .10
-9
= 8,4.10
-4
m
3

P
dkt
=8,4. 10
-4

Lc y acsimt tc dng ln li
P
dl
= (35.22
2
.3,14.7848.10
-9
)/4 = 0,1( Kg)
Ta co ; P = P
dkt
+P
dl
= 0,1 . 0,6 = 6,7( Kg)

Nn Q =(P G
kt
).n = 6,7 11,3= - 4,6 (Kg)

n : h s an ton ; n= 1,5
V Q<0 nn trong trng hp ny ta khng phi dng bu lng kp cht
hai hm khun.

TH Khuon

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Thit k khun vi s tr gip ca my tnh

GVHD: L QUC PHONG SVTH: NGUYN VN THIU

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