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N CUNG CP IN
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KHOA IN
kin nhn xt ca Gio vin hng dn:
kin nhn xt ca gio vin phn bin:
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LP : C in A_ K35
GVHD : Lng Thanh Bnh

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LI NI U
in nng l mt dng nng lng ph bin v c tm quan trng khng th thiu
c trong bt k mt lnh vc no ca nn kinh t quc dn ca mi t nc. Nh
chng ta xc nh v thng k c rng khong 70% in nng c sn xut ra dng
trong cc x nghip,nh my cng nghip.Vn t ra cho chng ta l sn xut ra
c in nng ri phi lm th no cung cp in cho cc ph ti in cho hiu qu,
tin cy v kinh t nht. V vy cung cp in cho cc nh my, x nghip cng nghip c
mt ngha to ln i vi nn kinh t quc dn.
Nhn v phng din quc gia th vic m bo cung cp in mt cch lin tc v
tin cy cho ngnh cng nghip tc l m bo cho nn kinh t quc gia pht trin lin tc
v tin kp vi s pht trin ca nn khoa hc cng ngh th gii.
Nu ta nhn v phng din sn xut v tiu th in nng th cng nghip l
ngnh tiu th nng lng nhiu nht.V vy cung cp in v s dng in nng hp l
trong lnh vc ny s c tc dng trc tip n vic khai thc mt cch hiu qu cng sut
ca cc nh my pht in v s dng hiu qu lng in nng c sn xut ra.
Mt phng n cung cp in hp l l phi kt hp mt cch hi ho cc yu cu
v kinh t, tin cy cung cp in, an ton cao, ng thi phi m bo tnh lin tc
cung cp in, tin li cho vic vn hnh, sa cha khi h hng v phi m bo cht
lng in nng trong phm vi cho php. Hn na phi thun tin cho vic m rng trong
tng lai.
Em xin chn thnh cm n Thy Lng Thanh Bnh l ngi trc tip ging dy
v hng dn n mn hc ny, v cc thy gio,c gio trong khoa in.Cng vi s
n lc ca bn thn nn em c bn hon thnh n mn do Nh trng, Khoa in
v cc thy trong b mn ra.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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N CUNG CP IN

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KHOA IN
TP Vinh, ngy 30 thng 04 nm 2011

Sinh vin thc hin
Trn Vn Vinh
CHNG I
GII THIU CHUNG V NH MY C KH V YU CU CUNG CP IN
CHO H PH TI
1.1 - V TR A L V VAI TR KINH T.
Trong cng nghip ngy nay ngnh c kh l mt ngnh cng nghip then cht ca
nn kinh t quc dn to ra cc sn phm cung cp cho cc nhnh cng nghip khc cng
nh nhiu lnh vc trong kinh t v sinh hot. p ng nhu cu ca s pht trin kinh t,
cc nh my c kh chim mt s lng ln v phn b rng khp c nc.
Nh my ang xem xt n trong n ny l nh my c kh c 8 h tiu th.
Trong c 7 phn xng v 1 nh hnh chnh.
Bng 1 -1: Danh sch phn xng v cng sut t
K hiu trn
Cng sut
STT
mt Bng
Tn phn xng
t (kW)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
A1
C1
C2
Phn xng nhit luyn

Phn xng c
Phn xng g,hn
Phn xng ct gt 1
Phn xng ct gt 2
Nh hnh chnh
Phn xng lp rp
Phn xng c kh
150
150
250
250
200
150
150
H s
H s
nhu cu
Cos
0,50
0,50
0,30
0,30
0,30
0,70
0,30
0,30
0,85
0,85
0,65
0,60
0,60
0,85
0,65
0,65
Do tm quan trng ca tin trnh CNH HH t nc i hi phi c nhiu thit

b, my mc. V th nh my c tm quan trng rt ln. L mt nh my sn xut cc thit
b cng nghip v vy ph ti ca nh my u lm vic theo dy chuyn, c tnh cht t
ng ha cao. Ph ti ca nh my ch yu l ph ti loi 1 v loi 2 ( ty theo vai tr quy
trnh cng ngh). Nh my cn m bo c cp in lin tc vn ton.
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh
LP : C in A_ K35

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1.2 MT S YU CU KHI THIT K CUNG CP IN.

in nng l mt dng nng lng c u im nh: D dng chuyn thnh cc
dng nng lng khc ( nhit nng, quang nng, c nng), d truyn ti v phn phi.
Chnh v vy in nng c dng rt rng ri trong mi lnh vc hot ng ca con
ngi. in nng ni chung khng tch tr c, tr mt vi trng hp c bit v cng
sut nh nh pin, c quy, v vy gia sn xut v tiu th in nng phi lun lun m
bo cn bng.
Qu trnh sn xut in nng l mt qu trnh in t. c im ca qu trnh ny
xy ra rt nhanh. V vy m bo qu trnh sn xut v cung cp in an ton, tin cy,
m bo cht lng in phi p dng nhiu bin php ng b nh iu , thng tin, o
lng, bo v v t ng ha , vv
in nng l ngun nng lng chnh ca cc ngnh cng nghip, l iu kin quan trng
pht trin cc khu th, khu dn c.V l do khi lp k hoch pht trin kinh t
x hi, k hoch pht trin in nng phi i trc mt bc, nhm tha mn nhu cu in
nng khng nhng trong giai on trc mt m cn d kin cho s pht trin trong tng
lai 5 nm 10 nm hoc c khi lu hn na. Khi thit k CC cn phi m bo cc yu
cu sau:
1.2.1 tin cy cung cp in:
tin cy cung cp in ty thuc vo h tiu th loi no. Trong iu kin cho
php ta c gng chn phng n cung cp in c tin cy cng cao cng tt.
Theo quy trnh trang b in v quy trnh sn xut ca nh my c kh th vic
ngng cung cp in s nh hng n cht lng sn phm gy thit hi v kinh t do
ta xp nh my c kh vo h ph ti loi 1.
1.2.2 Cht lng in.
Cht lng in nh gi bng hai tiu chun tn s v in p. Ch tiu tn s do
c quan iu khin h thng iu chnh. Ch c nhng h tiu th ln mi phi quan tm
n ch vn hnh ca mnh sao cho hp l gp phn n nh tn s ca h thng
li in.
V vy ngi thit k cung cp in thng phi ch quan tm n cht lng in
p cho khch hng. Ni chung in p li trung p v h p cho php dao ng quanh
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh
LP : C in A_ K35

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gi tr 5% in p nh mc. i vi ph ti c yu cu cao v cht lng in p nh cc

my mc thit b in t, c kh c chnh xc vv in p ch cho php dao ng
trong khong 2,5%.
1.2.3 An ton in.
H thng cung cp in phi c vn hnh an ton i vi ngi v thit b.
Mun t c yu cu , ngi thit k phi chn c s cung cp in hp l,
mch lc trnh nhm ln trong vn hnh, cc thit b phi c chn ng loi ng
cng sut. Cng tc xy dng lp t phi c tin hnh ng, chnh xc cn thn. Cui
cng vic vn hnh, qun l h thng in c vai tr ht sc quan trng, ngi s dng
tuyt i phi chp hnh nhng quy nh v an ton s dng in.
1.2.4 Kinh t.
Khi nh gi so snh cc phng n cung cp in ch tiu kinh t ch c xt
n khi cc ch tiu k thut trn c m bo ch tiu kinh t c nh gi qua tng s
vn u t, chi ph vn hnh, bo dng v thi gian thu hi vn u t. Vic nh gi ch
tiu kinh t phi thng qua tnh ton v so snh gia cc phng n t mi la chn
c cc phng php, phng n cung cp in ti u.
Tuy nhin trong qu trnh thit k h thng ta phi bit vn dng, lng ghp cc
yu cu trn vo nhau tit kim c thi gian v chi ph trong qu trnh thit k.
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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CHNG II
XC NH PH TI CHO TON NH MY
.2.1. Cc phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton.
Hin nay c nhiu nghin cu v cc phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton,
nhng cc phng php c dng ch yu l phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton
theo cng sut t v h s nhu cu ca tng phn xng :
2.1.1- Cng thc xc nh ph ti tnh ton:
a) Ph ti tnh ton ca mi phn xng c xc nh theo cng thc :
Pl = k nc .P
Trong :
- P, : cng sut t ca phn xng ( kW).
- Pl: cng sut tnh ton ng lc ca phn xng ( kW)..
- Knc : h s nhu cu ca nhm h tiu th c trng tra trong s tay tra cu.
Trn y l ph ti ng lc. Ph ti chiu sng c tnh theo cng sut chiu
sng trn mt n v din tch
Cng thc tnh :
Pcs = p0 .S (kW)
Trong :
- po : sut chiu sng trn mt n v din tch sn xut ( W/m2 ). Gi tr po c tra
trong cc s tay.
- S : din tch sn xut ( m2 ).
Cn ch cn nhc xem s dng bng n no thch hp. Nu s dng bng n
si t th cos = 1 v Qcs = 0 .Nu dng n tup (n hunh quang ) th
cos = 0,6 0,8, khi : Qcs = Pcs .tag (kVAr).
- tag : c suy ra t h s cos , tag =
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35
1 cos 2
cos 2

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Khi cng sut tnh ton tc dng ca phn xng l :
Ptt = Pl + Pcs (kW)

Cng sut tnh ton phn khng ca phn xng :
Qtt = Pl .tg (kVAr)

Cng sut tnh ton ton phn ca phn xng:
S tt =
Ptt
cos
(KVA)
b) Ph ti ca ton nh my c xc nh theo cng thc:

n
PttNM = K dtNM . PttPXi

1
QttNM = K dtNM . QttPXi

1
S ttNM =
( P ) + ( Q )
Cos NM =
ttPX
ttPX
PttNM
S ttNM
Trong : Ktnm l h s ng thi xt n kh nng ph ti ln nht ca phn

xng Ktnm = 0,8 - 0,85. khi phn xng n = 5 10 phn t .
2.1.2 Ph ti tnh ton ca tng phn xng:
a. Phn xng nhit luyn : C cng sut t P = 150kW , h s nhu cu knc = 0,50
Cos = 0,85 , din tch S = 1500 m2 , sut chiu sng p0 = 15W/m2
Cng sut tnh ton ng lc ca phn xng :
Pl = k nc .P = 0,50.150 = 75 kW
Cng sut tnh ton chiu sng ca phn xng :
Pcs = p0 .S = 15.1500 = 22,5 kW
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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Cng sut tnh ton tc dng ca phn xng :
Ptt = Pl + Pcs = 75 + 22,5 = 97,5 kW

Qtt = Ptt .tg = 97,5.0,62 = 60,45 kVAr

Cng sut tnh ton ton phn ca phn xng :
S tt =
Ptt
97,5
=
=114,7 kVA
cos
0,85
Dng in tnh ton ca phn xng:

Itt =
S tt
114,7
=
= 174,26 (A)
3.U dm
3.0,38
b.Phn xng c: C cng sut t P = 150kW , h s nhu cu knc = 0,50 ,

Pl = k nc .P = 0,50.150 = 75 kW
Pcs = p0 .S = 15.1500 = 22,5 kW

Ptt = Pl + Pcs = 75 + 22,5 = 97,5 kW

Qtt = Ptt .tg = 97,5.0,62 = 60,45 kVAr

S tt =
Ptt
97,5
=
= 114,7 kVA
cos
0,85
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LP : C in A_ K35

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Itt =
TRNG HSPKT VINH

KHOA IN
S tt
114,7
=
= 174,26 (A)
3.U dm
3.0,38
c. Phn xng g, hn: C cng sut t P = 250kW , h s nhu cu knc = 0,30

, Cos = 0,65 , din tch S = 1500 m2 , sut chiu sng p0 = 15W/m2
Pl = k nc .P = 0,30.250 = 75 kW
Pcs = p0 .S = 15.1500 = 22,5 kW

Ptt = Pl + Pcs = 75 + 22,5 = 97,5 kW

Qtt = Ptt .tg = 97,5.1,17 = 114 kVAr

S tt =
Ptt
97,5
=
= 150 kVA
cos
0,65

Itt =
S tt
=
3.U dm
150
3.0,38
= 228 (A)
d. Phn xng Ct gt kim loi 1:C cng sut t P = 250kW , h s nhu cu

knc = 0,30 , Cos = 0,60,din tch S = 1500 m2 , sut chiu sng p0 = 15W/m2
Pl = k nc .P = 0,30.250 = 75 kW
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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Pcs = p0 .S = 15.1500 = 22,5 kW

Ptt = Pl + Pcs = 75 + 22,5 = 97,5 kW

Qtt = Ptt .tg = 97,5.1,33 = 129,7 kVAr

S tt =
Ptt
97,5
=
= 162,5 kVA
cos
0,60

Itt =
S tt
162,5
=
= 246,9 (A)
3.U dm
3.0,38
e.Phn xng Ct gt kim loi 2: C cng sut t P = 200kW ,h s nhu cu

knc = 0,30 , Cos = 0,60 , din tch S = 1500 m2 , sut chiu sng p0 = 15W/m2
Pl = k nc .P = 0,30.200 = 60 kW
Pcs = p0 .S = 15.1500 = 22,5 kW

Ptt = Pl + Pcs = 60 + 22,5 = 82,5 kW

Qtt = Ptt .tg = 82,5.1,33 = 109,7 kVAr
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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S tt =
Ptt
82,5
=
= 137,5 kVA
cos
0,60
Itt =
S tt
137,5
=
= 209 (A)
3.U dm
3.0,38
f. Phn xng lp rp:C cng sut t P = 150kW , h s nhu cu knc = 0,30 ,

Pl = k nc .P = 0,30.150 = 45 kW
Pcs = p0 .S = 15.1500 = 22,5 kW

Ptt = Pl + Pcs = 45 + 22,5 = 67,5 kW

Qtt = Ptt .tg = 67,5.1,17 = 79 kVAr

S tt =
Ptt
67,5
=
= 103,8 kVA
cos
0,65

Itt =
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35
S tt
103,8
=
= 157,7 (A)
3.U dm
3.0,38

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g. Phn xng c kh: C cng sut t P = 150kW , h s nhu cu knc = 0,30 ,

Pl = k nc .P = 0,30.150 = 45 kW
Pcs = p0 .S = 15.1500 = 22,5 kW

Ptt = Pl + Pcs = 45 + 22,5 = 67,5 kW

Qtt = Ptt .tg = 67,5.1,17 = 79 kVAr

S tt =
Ptt
67,5
=
= 103,8 kVA
cos
0,65

Itt =
S tt
103,8
=
= 157,7 (A)
3.U dm
3.0,38
h. Nh hnh chnh : C h s nhu cu knc = 0,70 , Cos = 0,85 , din tch S = 2700 m2 ,
sut chiu sng p0 = 15W/m2
Pcs = p0 .S = 15.2700 = 40,5 kW

Ptt = Pcs = 40,5 kW

SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh
LP : C in A_ K35

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Qtt = Ptt .tg = 40,5.0,62 = 25,11 kVAr

S tt =
Ptt
40,5
=
= 47,65 kVA
cos
0,85

Itt =
S tt
47,65
=
= 72,4 (A)
3.U dm
3.0,38
Bng 2 -1. Ph ti tnh ton cc phn xng:

Cng
K
STT hi
u
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Tn phn
xng
B1 Nhit luyn
B2 PX c
B3 G,hn
B4 Ct gt 1
B5 Ct gt 2
A1 N H Chnh
C1 Lp rp
C2 C kh
Tng
sut
H s
nhu
(kW)
cu
150
150
250
250
200
150
150
1300
0,50
0,50
0,30
0,30
0,30
0,70
0,30
0,30
H s
Cos
0,85
0,85
0,65
0,60
0,60
0,85
0,65
0,65
P0
Pl
Pcs
Ptt
Qtt
Stt
W/m2
kW
kW
kW
kVAr
kVA
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
75
75
75
75
60
45
45
450
22,5 97,5
22,5 97,5
22,5 97,5
22,5 97,5
22,5 82,5
40,5 40,5
22,5 67,5
22,5 67,5
198 648
60,45 114,7
60,45 114,7
114
150
129,7 162,5
109,7 137,5
25,11 47,65
79
103,8
79
103,8
657,4 934,65
2.2 Tnh ton ph ti cho ton b nh my

n
a) Cng sut tnh ton ca nh my:
PttNM = K dtNM . PttPXi

1
Vi KtNM = 0,85 l h s ng thi.

PttNM = 0,85.(97,5+97,5+97,5+97,5+ 82,5 + 67,5 + 67,5+ 40,5 ) = 550,8 kW
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh
LP : C in A_ K35

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b) Cng sut tnh ton phn khng ca nh my :

n
QttNM = K dtNM . QttPXi

1
QttNM = 0,85.(60,45 + 60,45 +114 +129,7+109,7 +79+79+ 25,11) = 558,8 kVAr

c) Cng sut tnh ton ton phn ca nh my :
S ttNM =
( P ) + ( Q )
Cos NM =
ttPX
ttPX
= 550,8 2 + 558,8 2 = 784,6 (kVA).
PttNM
550,8
=
= 0,70
S ttNM 784,6
CHNG III
THIT K H THNG CUNG CP IN CHO NH MY
3.1 T VN
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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Mng in nh my l mt phn quan trng trong ton b cng vic cung cp in cho
nh my. Vic thit k mt mng in l hp l m bo cc ch tiu yu cu v kinh t,
k thut l mt vic ht sc kh khn. Mng in nh my bao gm 2 phn bn trong v
bn ngoi nh my. Phn bn trong bao gm cc trm bin p phn xng v cc ng
dy cung cp vo cc phn xng, phn bn ngoi nh my bao gm ng dy dn in
t h thng in dn ti nh my.
Khi thit k mng in nh my cn m bo cc yu cu sau :
V mt kinh t :
- Vn u t ban u phi nh.
- Chi ph vn hnh hng nm l nh nht.
- Tit kim c vt liu
V k thut
- m bo lin tc cung cp in ph hp vi yu cu tng loi h ph ti.
- m bo cht lng in nng ph hp vi mc quan trng ca h tiu th.
- S i dy phi n gin, x l nhanh, thao tc khng nhm ln.
Trong thc t th kinh t v k thut lun mu thun nhau, phng n tt v mt k
thut th vn u t li qu cao tuy nhin ch ph vn hnh hng nm nh. Ngc li
phng n c vn u t nh th chi ph vn hnh hng nm li ln v khng tt v mt k
thut. Do la chn phng n cung cp in ta phi so snh c v kinh t v k
thut ca cc phng n sao cho va m bo v yu cu k thut va m bo cc ch
tiu kinh t.
3.2 THIT K MNG CAO P CHO NH MY
3.2.1.Chn s cung cp in :
Khi thit k cc s cung cp in phi lu ti cc yu t c bit c trng
cho tng x nghip ring bit, iu kin kh hu, a hnh, cc thit b c bit i hi
tin cy cung cp in cao, cc c im ca qu trnh sn xut v qu trnh cng
ngh... t xc nh mc m bo an ton cung cp in, thit lp s cu
trc cp in hp l.
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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Vic la chn s cung cp in ch yu cn c tin cy, tnh kinh t v

tnh an ton. tin cy ca s cung cp in ph thuc vo loi h tiu th m n
cung cp, cn c vo loi h tiu th quyt nh lng ngun cung cp ca s .
S cung cp in phi c tnh an ton, m bo an ton tuyt i cho ngi
v thit b trong mi trng thi vn hnh.Ngoi ra khi la chn s cung cp in
phi lu ti cc yu t k thut khc nh n gin, thun tin cho vn hnh,c tnh
linh hot trong s c,c bin php t ng ho.
y nh my l h ph ti loi 1 do m bo tnh lin tc cung cp in
ta phi dng 2 tuyn ng dy ly t 2 ngun khc nhau vi cp in p l 35 kV.
Bn trong nh my thng dng 2 loi s chnh l: S hnh tia v s
phn nhnh, ngoi ra cn c th kt hp c 2 s thnh s hn hp.
Cn c vo yu cu cung cp in ca nh my ta chn s hnh tia cung
cp in cho nh my.S hnh tia c tin cy cao hn, bo v r le lm vic d
dng khng nhm ln.S hnh tia thun tin cho vic sa cha v d dng phn cp
bo v, Mc d vn u t c cao nhng chi ph vn hnh hng nm li nh.
Xt c im ca nh my l ph ti phn b khng u v khng lin k hn
na trong nh my cc phn xng phn b khng theo mt trt t no c. Ph ti ca
nh my l ph ti loi 1 do ta chn s hnh tia cung cp in cho nh my.
3.2.2. La chn trm bin p phn xng:
cung cp in cho cc phn xng dng MBA in lc t cc trm bin p
phn xng bin i in p 35 kV ca li in thnh cp in p 0,4 kV cung cp
cho phn xng.
Cc trm bin p (TBA) phn xng c la chn da trn cc nguyn tc sau:
* V tr t TBA phi tha mn cc yu cu:
-
Gn tm ph ti
Thun tin cho vic vn chuyn, lp t, vn hnh, sa cha MBA.
An ton v kinh t.
* S lng MBA t trong cc TBA c la chn da trn nhng yu cu sau:

-
Yu cu cung cp in ca ph ti
iu kin vn chuyn v lp t.
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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KHOA IN
Ch lm vic ca ph ti.
Trong mi trng hp, mi TBA ch t 1 MBA s l kinh t v thun li cho vic

vn hnh song tin cy cung cp in khng cao. Cc TBA cung cp cho h loi I v
II ch nn t 2 MBA, h loi III c th t 1 MBA.
* Dung lng cc my bin p c chn theo iu kin:
n.khc.SdmB Stt
Trong :
-
n l s MBA trong trm bin p
khc l h s hiu chnh tnh n nh hng ca nhit mi trng lp

t khc vi nhit do nh ch to quy nh.
Stt l cng sut tnh ton ca trm.
SdmB l cng sut nh mc ca MBA
* iu kin kim tra:

kqtsc. khc. SdmB Sttsc
Trong :
-
kqtsc l h s qu ti s c thng ly bng 1,4 khi tha mn cc iu

kin sau:MBA qu ti khng qu 5 ngy m; mi ngy m tng s gi
qu ti khng qu 6h, trc khi qu ti MBA vn hnh vi h s qu ti
kqt 0,75
Sttsc l cng sut tnh ton s c ca TBA, chnh l cng sut tnh ton
ca TBA sau khi loi b nhng ph ti khng quan trng i ( ph ti
loi 3 thm ch ph ti loi 2). Thng thng Sttsc = (0,7 0,8).Stt , y
ly Sttsc = 0,7.Stt .
Khi chn MBA cng phi hn ch chng loi ca MBA dng trong nh
my to iu kin thun li cho vic mua sm, lp t, thay th, vn

hnh, sa cha v kim tra nh k. Ta chn MBA do ABB ch to sn xut
ti Vit Nam nn khng cn phi hiu chnh theo nhit .
3.2.2.1. Phng n 1:
t 2 trm bin p phn xng.
Trm bin p B1:
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t 2 my bin p lm vic song song

Cp in cho ph ti loi 1 ca nh my bao gm cc phn xng : Phn xng nhit
luyn (B1),Phn xng c (B2),Phn xng lp rp (C1), Phn xng c kh (C2).
Cng thc la chn MBA:
SmB
S tt
1,4
Tuy nhin dy l cng thc m bo cho trm bin p cp in 100% ngay c

khi s c, nhng qu trnh vn hnh bnh thng hai my thng qu non ti.Nu kho
st ph ti thy rng c th ct bt 1 phn ph ti khng quan trng trong thi gian vi
ngy th c th chn c MBA c nh hn.Khi MBA trm 2 my c chn theo
cng thc:
SmB
S tt
2
Kim tra li dung lng MBA chn theo iu kin qu ti s c: Sttsc l cng
sut tnh ton ca phn xng ct bt cc thit b khng quan trng trong phn
xng.
iu kin:
Stt = 114,7 + 114,7 +103,8 +103,8 = 437 (kVA)
1,4.SmB Sttsc = 0,7.Stt
SmB
0,7.437
= 218 (kVA)
1,4
Vy ta chn 2 MBA tiu chun c Sm = 250 kVA, do ABB ch to co cac thng s :

in ap : 35/0,4 kV, P0 = 0,68 kW, PN = 4,1 kW , U N = 4,5%,kch thc
Di,Rng,Cao:1430-860-1605 (mm) , khi lng 1165 kg.
Trm bin p B2:
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t hai may lm vic song song cp in cho ph ti loai 2 ca nha may, bao gm
cac phn xng : Phn xng g, hn , Phn xng ct gt kim loi 1, Phn xng ct
gt kim loi 2, Nh hnh chnh.
Chn my bin p:
iu kin chn:
Stt = 150 + 162,5 + 137,5 + 47,65 = 497,65 (kVA)
SmB
0,7.497,65
= 248,8 (kVA)
1,4

in ap : 35/0,4 kV, P0 = 0,68 kW, PN = 4,1 kW , U N = 4,5%,kch thc
3.2.2.2. Phng n 2 :
t 1 trm bin p phn xng cp in cho ton b nh my, trong tram co 2
MBA lam vic song song.
Chn my bin p:
iu kin chn:
Stt = 934,65 (kVA)
SmB
0,7.934,65
= 467,32 (kVA)
1,4

in ap : 35/0,4 kV, P0 = 1,15 kW, PN = 7 kW , U N = 4,5%,kch thc
Bng 3.1. Phng n cung cp cho nh my :

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Phng n
I
TRNG HSPKT VINH

KHOA IN
MBA
1
2
3
4
Sm
250
250
250
250
CC cho cc phn xng

Nhit luyn + c+Lp rp+C kh
Nhit luyn + c+Lp rp+C kh
Hn+Ct gt 1+Ct gt 2+ H.chnh
Hn+Ct gt 1+Ct gt 2+ H.chnh
SmBA
218
218
248,8
248,8
500
C nh my
467,32
500
C nh my
467,32
II
Qua 2 phng n cung cp in cho nh my trn th mi phng php c u

nhc im khc nhau.Nhn chung n u c c im l MBA do ABB ch to cng
chng loi s , cch u dy tng i n gin nn rt thun tin cho vic sa
cha, vn hnh, thay th, khng phi hiu chnh nhit , m bo c yu cu v k
thut. c kt lun chnh xc, la chn phng n cung cp in hp l nht ta cn
phi so snh c 2 phng n trn v 2 chi tiu kinh t, k thut.
3.3. So snh v chi tiu k thut.
3.3.1. Phng n 1:
Phng n ny ta dng 4 MBA, mi my c Sm = 250 (kVA), 35/0,4 kV t
thnh 2 trm ph ti ca cc phn xng c phn b nh trong bng (3-1).
Trong iu kin lm vic s c. Khi sy ra s c 1 ngun ca TBA th phi c
my ct lin lc ng thanh ci cn li vo mng sao cho thi gian mt in l ngn
nht.
Trn thanh ci h p ca MBA ta thit k dng ATM lin lc sao cho khi xy ra
s c trn 1 thanh ci h p ca MBA th ATM lin lc phi tc ng nhm m bo
tnh lin tc cung cp in cho cc h ph ti loi 1.
Khi sy ra s c trn 1 thanh ci cao p ca trm th phi m bo lc no cng
c 1 MBA lm vic tng t nh trng hp 1 MBA b s c. Khi 1 MBA cn li
vi h s qu ti 40% phi m bo cung cp in cho cc h ph ti loi 2 c th l:
Sqt = 1,4.SmBA = 1,4.250 = 350 (KVA)
Nh vy i vi trm B1 lc ny: Sqt = 350 (KVA)
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SLI = SPX Nhit luyn + SPX c = 230 (KVA).

Vy Sqt SLI k pt =
i vi trm B2:
218
= 0,872
250
Sqt= 1,4.250 = 350 (KVA)

SL1= SPX Ct gt 1 + SPX Ct gt 2 = 300 (KVA)
Vy Sqt SLI k pt =
248,8
= 0,99
250
Khi sy ra s c 1 MBA trong 1 nhm my ang lm vic song song th cng

tng t nh trng hp s c trn thanh ci cao p v nh vy l ta thit k m
bo yu cu v k thut v tnh lin tc cung cp in cho nh my.
3.3.2. Phng n 2
Phng n 2 dng 2 MBA 500 KVA-35/0,4 KV.
Trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng ta cho cc MBA lm vic song song v chia
u cc h ph ti loi 1 ra cho mi my.
Ta c:
Stt = 934,65 (KVA), Sqt = 1,4.SmBA=1,4.500 = 700 KVA

SL1 = SPX Nhit luyn + SPX c + SPX Ct gt 1 + SPX Ct gt 2 = 530 (KVA)
Kpt =
467,32
= 0,934 .
500
Vy Sqt SLI
.
Khi xy ra s c trn 1 thanh ci cao p th phi m bo lc no cng c 1 MBA lm
vic tng t nh trng hp 1 MBA b s c. Khi 1 MBA cn li vi h s qu ti
40% phi m bo cung cp in cho cc h ph ti loi 1.
Nh vy khi 1MBA chu qu ti 40% s m bo cung cp in cho cc h ph ti
loi 1, ta c Sqt > SL1.
Qua phn tch 2 phng n trn ta thy c 2 phng n u m bo yu cu k
thut, p ng c yu cu cung cp in i vi cc h ph ti loi1. quyt
nh xem s chn phng n no ta phi so snh c cc ch tiu v kinh t ca 2
phng n trn.
3.4. So snh v chi tiu kinh t.
Nhng ch tiu c bn:
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KHOA IN
Vn u t ban u (Tin mua MBA).
Chi ph vn hnh hng nm.
Tn tht in nng trong phm vi phn xng.
3.4.1 . Phng n 1:
3.4.1.1 . Tn tht cng sut, tn tht in nng trong cc my bin p.
a. Tn tht cng sut trong cc my bin p phn xng.
Tn tht cng sut tc dng ca trm bin p c hai my bin p lm vic song
song c xc nh:
S
1
P = 2.P0 + .PN . ttTram
2
S dmBA
(kW)
Tnh cho trm B1:

Trm B1 t 2 my 250 - 35/0,4 kV do hng ABB ch to vi cc thng s sau:
P0 = 0,68 kW , PN = 4,1 kW
Tn tht cng sut ca trm B1 l:
2
1
437
P = 2.0,68 + .4,1.
= 7,62 (kW)
2
250
Tnh cho trm B2:

Trm B2 t 2 my 250 - 35/0,4 kV do hng ABB ch to vi cc thng s sau:
P0 = 0,68 kW , PN = 4,1 kW
Tn tht cng sut ca trm B2 l:
2
1
497,65
P = 2.0,68 + .4,1.
= 9,48 (kW)
2
250
Bng 3 -2: Kt qu tnh tn tht cng sut trong cc trm.

TT
Tn trm
1
2
Tng
B1
B2
SmBA
(KVA)
250
250
Stt
P0
PN
P trm
my
2
2
(kW)
427
497,65
(kW)
0,68
0,68
(kW)
4,1
4,1
(kW)
7,62
9,48
17,1
b. Tn tht in nng trong cc my bin p phn xng.

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Tn tht in nng trong trm c hai my bin p lm vic song song:

S
1
A = 2.P0 .t + .PN . ttTram
2
S dmBA
. (kWh)
Trong : t = 8760 h - thi gian vn hnh ca my bin p, ly bng mt nm.
= 3300 h - thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht.

Tn tht in nng trong trm B1:
2
1
437
A = 2.0,68.876 0 + .4,1.
.3300 =32584 (kWh)
2
250
Tn tht in nng trong trm B2:

2
1
497,65
A = 2.0,68.876 0 + .4,1.
.3300 = 38720 (kWh)
2
250
Bng 3 -3: Kt qu tnh tn tht in nng trong cc trm.

TT
Tn trm
1
2
B1
B2
SmBA
Stt
P0
PN
(KVA)
250
250
my
2
2
(kW)
437
497,65
(kW)
0,68
0,68
(kW)
4,1
4,1
(KWh)
Tng
32584
38720
71304
3.4.1.2. Vn u t:
K1 = n.V1
Trong : K1 : l tin mua cc MBA.
n = 4 : S MBA phi dng.
V1 : Gi tin mua mt MBA. Theo bng gi ca cng ty TNHH ABB ngy
4/8/2009.Vi MBA 250(35/0,4)/185.106 VN
K1 = 4.185.106 = 740.106 (VN)
3.4.1.3. Chi ph vn hnh hng nm:

C1= .K1 + A1.g
C1= 0,1.740.106 + 71304.3000 = 287,912.106 VN/nm.
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: L gi tr khu hao hng nm = 0,1.
Trong :
Ai: Tng tn tht in nng Ai = A1 = 71304 (KWh).

g: Gi thnh 1 KW/h : g = 3000 /KWh.
3.4.1.4. Chi ph quy dn ca phng n 1:
Z1= Edm.K1 + C1
Z1 =0,2 .740.106 + 287,912.106 = 435,912.106 VN/nm.
Trong : Em =
1
l h s sinh li ca vn do nh nc quy nh. Vi nh my c
Tm
kh th Tm = 5 nm
3.4.2 Phng n 2:
Phng an 2 t 1 tram gm 2 may lam vic song song 500 - 35/0,4 kV do hng
ABB ch to vi cc thng s sau:
P0 = 1,15 kW v PN = 7 kW
3.4.2.1. Tn tht cng sut va in nng phng n 2:
Stt = 939,65 kVA
SmB = 500 kVA, P0 = 1,15 kW, PN = 7 kW.
2
1 939,65
P = 2.1,15 + .7.
= 14,66 (kW)
2 500
2
2
Stt
1
1
939,65
A = n. P0 .t + .PN
. =2.1,15.8760 + 2 . 7 . 500 . 3300
n
S
dmB
= 60939,92 kWh
3.4.2.2. Vn u t:
K2 =n.V2
Trong :
K2 : l tin mua cc MBA.

n =2 : S MBA phi dng.
V2 : Gi tin mua mt MBA.Theo bng gi ca cng ty TNHH ABB
ngy 4/8/2009.Vi MBA 500(35/0,4)/291.106 VN .

K2 = 2.291 .106= 582.106(VN)
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3.4.2.3. Chi ph vn hnh hng nm:

C2 = .K2 + A2.g
C2= 0,1.582.106 + 60939,92.3000 = 241,019.106 VN/nm.
: L gi tr khu hao hng nm = 0,1.
Trong :
Ai: Tng tn tht in nng Ai = A2 = 60939,92 (KWh).

g: Gi thnh 1 KW/h : g = 3000 /KWh.
3.4.2.4. Chi ph quy dn ca phng n 2:
Z2= Edm.K2 + C2
Z2 =0,2 .582.106 + 241,019.106 = 375,419.106 VN/nm.
Trong : Em =
1
l h s sinh li ca vn do nh nc quy nh. Vi nh my c
Tm
kh th Tm = 5 nm
Qua cc tnh ton trn ta lp c bng so snh v cc ch tiu gia hai
phng n, kt qu ghi trong bng 2-9:
So snh v chi tiu kinh t.

Bang 3-4: Bang so sanh gia hai phng an:
Khon mc
Tn tht(KWh)
Tn tht(KW)
Vn u t
Chi ph vn hnh
Chi ph quy dn
K hiu
A
P
K(VN)
C(VN/n)
Z(VN/n)
Phng an 1
71304
17,1
740.106
287,912.106
435,912.106
Phng an 2
60939,92
14,66
582.106
241,019.106
375,419.106
Qua tnh ton 2 phng n ta lp c bng nh trn. Theo gio trnh kinh t t
chc th phng n ti u v mt kinh t l phng n c chi ph quy dn cc tiu.
Nh vy theo bng trn ta thy Z2 l nh nht, do vy ta thy phng n 2 c Z nh
hn PA1. Mt khc cc chi ph khc nh C, K, P, A ca phng n 2 u nh hn
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phng n 1.Vy ta quyt nh chn phng n 2 la phng an cung cp in cho nh

my.
3.5. Ph ti ca nh my k c tn tht cng sut:
c cc s liu chnh xc cho vic tnh chn thit b trong mng in cho nh my
ta phi tnh n tn tht cng sut trong cc MBA.
3.5.1. Xc nh tn tht cng sut trong cc MBA:
MBA SmB = 500(KVA) c:
P = P0 + PN.Kpt2 = 1,15 + 7.0,9342 = 7,25 (kW)
Q1 = Q0 + QNKpt2
Q0 = SmB.
U N % 500 . 4,5
=
= 22,5 (KVAr).
100
100
Q1= 22,5+22,5.0,9342 = 42,128(KVAr).

P = 2. P = 2 . 7,25 = 14,5(KW).
Q = 2. Q = 2 . 42,128 = 84,256(KVAr)
3.5.2. Xc nh ph ti ca nh my:
phn I ta a tinh toan c phu tai phia ha ap:
Ptt ha ap = 550,8 kW, Qtt ha ap = 558,8 kVAr.
Tinh n tn tht trong cc MBA ta c :
Ptt nm = Ptt h p + P = 550,8 + 14,5 = 565,3 kW.
Qtt nm = Qtt h p + Q = 558,8 + 84,256 = 643 kVAr.
Stt nm = Ptt2nm + Qtt2 nm = 565,3 2 + 643 2 = 856,16 kVA.
3.6. Bn ph ti ca nh my.
Vic phn b hp l cc trm bin p trong phm vi x nghip l
mt vn quan trng xy dng s cung cp in c cc ch
tiu kinh t, k thut cao, m bo c chi ph hng nm nh.
xc nh c v tr t cc trm bin p ta xy dng biu ph ti
trn mt bng tng ca x nghip.
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Biu ph ti l mt vng trn c din tch bng ph ti tnh

ton ca phn xng theo mt t l la chn.
Mi phn xng c mt biu ph ti. Tm ng trn biu
ph ti trng vi tm ca ph ti phn xng, tnh gn ng c
th coi ph ti ca phn xng ng u theo din tch phn xng .
Biu ph ti cho php hnh dung c r rng s phn b
ph ti trong x nghip.
Mi vng trn biu ph ti chia ra thnh hai phn hnh qut
tng ng vi ph ti ng lc v ph ti chiu sng.
3.6 .1 Xc nh bn knh vng trn ph ti :
Ta c :
Ri =
Si
m.
Trong :
+ Si : Ph ti tnh ton ca phn xng th i (kVA)
+ Ri : Bn knh vng trn biu ph ti ca phn xng th i ( mm)
+ m : t l xch KVA/mm2, chn t l xch m = 1 kVA/mm2.
Gc chiu sng ca biu ph ti :
cs =
360.Pcs
Ptt
Bng tnh kt qu tnh ton bn knh R v gc cs ca biu ph

ti :
Bng 3-5. Bn knh R v gc chiu sng ca biu ph ti

cc phn xng:
STT
Tn phn
K
xng
hi
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Pcs
Ptt
Qtt
Stt
kW
kW
kVAr
kVA
(mm)
cs

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u
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
B1 Nhit luyn
B2 PX c
B3 G,hn
B4 Ct gt 1
B5 Ct gt 2
A1 N H Chnh
C1 Lp rp
C2 C kh
22,5 97,5
22,5 97,5
22,5 97,5
22,5 97,5
22,5 82,5
40,5 40,5
22,5 67,5
22,5 67,5
60,45
60,45
114
129,7
109,7
25,11
79
79
114,7
114,7
150
162,5
137,5
47,65
103,8
103,8
6
6
6,9
7,2
6,6
3,9
5,7
5,7
83
83
83
83
98
360
120
120
3.6.2 Biu xc nh tm ph ti :
Trn s mt bng x nghip v mt h to xoy, c v tr
to trng tm ca cc phn xng l ( xi, yi ) ta xc nh c to
ti u M0(x0, y0 )
- Vng trn ph ti :
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1
l Tn phn xng / Cng sut tnh ton ton phn ca phn xng.
116
Xc nh trng tm ph ti ca x nghip:
Cng thc :
n
x0 =
S i xi
1
Si
y0 =
yi
Si
Trong : x0 ; y0 : Ta tm ph ti in.
xi ; yi : Ta th i tnh theo 1 h trc ta OXY ty chn.
x0 =
Y0 =
114 ,7.6 +114 ,7.6 +150 .6 +162 ,5.6 +137 ,5.6 +103 ,8.2 +103 ,8.2 + 47 ,65 .2
= 4,8
934 ,65
114 ,7.10 +114 ,7.8 +150 .6 +162 ,5.4 +137 ,5.2 +103 ,8.10 +103 ,8.8 + 47 ,65 .2
= 6,25
934 ,65
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7
104
1
115
8
104
1
115
10
3
150
M(4,8; 6,25)
4
163
6
48
5
138
Hnh 3.1. Biu ph ti ca nh my c kh xy dng Vinh
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CHNG 4
LA CHN CC PHN T CA H THNG CUNG CP IN
Vic tnh chn cc thit b in nhm m bo cc thit b lm vic tin cy, lu
di, vn hnh an ton, sa cha thun li.
Cc iu kin chn gn ging cc iu kin lm vic trong ch lm vic
di hn nh Idm, Udm...
Da vo s mng in c chn s b ta chn cc thit b trong mng
in cao p v h p.
4.1 - CHN THIT B H P:
4.1.1 - Chn t phn phi
T phn phi nhn in t trm BAPX cung cp cho cc t ng lc thng qua
ng cp. cung cp in cho 7 t ng lc v t chiu sng cho ton phn xng
sa cha c kh ta chn 1 t phn phi h p t ti thanh ci ca trm bin p phn
xng kiu P-9322 co mt u vao va 8 u ra. 7 t ng lc cho 7 phn xng,
cn nh hnh chnh th ly in t t chiu sng.
4.1.2 - Chn cp t t phn phi phn xng ti cc phn xng:
i vi nh my c kh do lm vic 3 ca, thi gian s dung cng sut ln nht
l 5000h, cp chn l cp li ng.
Tra bng ta c Jkt = 2,7 A/mm2.
Tit din kinh t ca cp:
I m =
S ttPX
2. 3.U m
( A) .
S ttPX
3.U m
( A) .
I LV max =
Fkt =
I m
jkt
mm 2 .
Cn c vo tr s ca Fkt tnh c, tra bng la chn tit din dy dn chun

gn nht.
Kim tra tit din dy cp chn theo iu kin pht nng.
Khc . Icp ILV max.
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KHOA IN
Trong : Khc = K1.K2 l h s hiu chnh.

K1 l h s hiu chnh theo nhit ly K1=1.
K2 l h s hiu chnh khi tnh ti s ng dy cng t chung trong
cung mt rnh, cc rnh u t 2 cp, khong cch gia cc si cp l 100 mm.
Tra bng ph lc ta c K2 = 0,9.
Do khong cch t TBA ti cc TPP l ngn nn ta khng kim tra theo tn tht
in p.
Chn cp t TBA ti TPP phn xng nhit luyn :
Dng in nh mc qua cp:

I m =
S ttPX
2. 3.U m
114,7
.2 3.0,38
= 87,13 ( A) .
Tit din kinh t ca cp:

Fkt =
I m 87,13
=
= 32,25 mm 2 .
j kt
2,7
I LV max =
S ttPX
3.U m
114,7
3.0,38
= 174,26 ( A) .
Tra bng ph lc PL V.12 (TKC) chn cp tiu chun l 70 mm2, cp ng 3

li, cch in PVC do LENS sn sut vi Icp = 246 A.
Kim tra theo iu kin pht nng:
0,9.Icp = 0.9.246 = 221,4 ILV max.
Vy cp chn tha mn iu kin pht nng nn ta chn cp trn.
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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Tnh ton tng t vi cc phn xng khc ta c bng chn cp cho cc

phn xng ca nh my nh sau:
Bng 4 1 : Thng s k thut ca cp t TBA ti cc phn xng:
Tham s k thut ca cp
S
d(mm)
V
r0
Phn xng
IttPX
2
cp
mm
Li
min max
/km
Nhit luyn
174,26
3G70
70
10
31,1 36,2 0,268
PX c
174,26
3G70
70
10
31,1 36,2 0,268
G, hn
228
3G95
95
11,1
34,7 40,6 0,193
Ct gt kim loi 1
246,9
3G95
95
11,1
34,7 40,6 0,193
Ct gt kim loi 2
209
3G70
70
10
31,1 36,2 0,268
Hnh chnh
72,4
3G35
35
7,1
24,6 27,3 0,524
Lp rp
157,7
3G50
50
8,4
26,6 31,1 0,387
C kh
157,7
3G50
50
8,4
26,6 31,1 0,387
4.1.3- Chn ATM cho cc phn xng ca nh my:
Loi
iu kin chn :
ICP
A
246
246
298
298
246
158
192
192
UmATM Ummng.
ImATM ImBA IttPX (A).
Ta chn ATM do Merlin Gerin (Php) ch to.Tra bng PL IV.2 trang 282
(TKC) ta c bng sau:
Bng 4-2: Bng thng s k thut ca ptmt bo v cho cc Phn xng ca
nh my c kh:
Tn phn xng
IttPX (A)
Loi ATM
Nhit luyn
174,26 NS 225E
PX c
174,26 NS 225E
G, hn
228
NS 400E
Ct gt 1
246,9
NS 400E
Ct gt 2
209
NS 225E
Hnh chnh
72,4
C100E
Lp rp
157,7
NS 225E
C kh
157,7
NS 225E
4.1.4 - Chn thanh ci h p cho MBA:
iu kin chn:
S
lng
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
UmTC Um mng.
[I]
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35
Tham s k thut ca Aptomat

INIm (A) Um(V)
S cc
(KV)
225
500
7,5
3
225
500
7,5
3
400
500
15
3
400
500
15
3
225
500
7,5
3
100
500
7,5
3
225
500
7,5
3
225
500
7,5
3
S LV max
.
3.K1.K 2 .K 3 .U ha

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K1: H s k n mi trng ni t thanh ci, vi nhit mi trng l 30 0 C

tra bng ta c K1 = 0,91.
K2: H s iu chnh thanh ci ta dng 1 thanh ci nn K2 = 1.
K3: H s k n v tr t thanh ci. V t nm ngang nn K3 = 0,95.
[ I ]
1,4.500
3.0,91.1.0,95.0,4
= 1169 (A).
Tra bng 2-56 trang 655 CC ta chn thanh ci bng ng c cc thng s bng 2-9:
Bng 4-3: Thng s k thut thanh ci h p:
Kch
Tit din 1
Khi lng
Dng cho php mi
thc(mm 2 )
60x8
TC (mm 2 )
480
(kg/km)
4272
pha 1 thanh (A)

1320
Vt liu
Di
ng
(m)
5
4.1.5 - Chn s thanh ci h p:

iu kin chn:
Ums Um mng = 380 V.
Tra bng 5-27 TKCC trang 227 ta chn s c s liu k thut nh bng 3-1:
Bng 4-4: Thng s k thut s thanh ci h p:
Kiu
Kch thc
0-1-750-OB
Ch thch:
Um (kV)
00-1-750-08 1
Uph. kh
Ph ti ph
Khi lng
11
hoi (kg)
750
(kg)
2,7
- l s; Ch s th 2 l ph ti ph hoi; OB- hnh van.

0 - ; Ch s th nht l in p nh mc
4.1.6. Chn t ng lc
Chn t ng lc cho tng phn xng loi C -58.
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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Hnh 4- 1: S t ng lc
4.2- LA CHN THIT B CAO P:
4.2.1. Chn dy dn t trm bin p trung gian v trm bin p:
ng dy cung cp t trm bin p trung gian ca h thng v trm bin p
ca nh my di 100m s dng ng dy trn khng, dy nhm li thp, l kp.
Nh my c thi gian s dng cng sut ln nht Tmax kh ln, dy dn c
chn theo mt dng in kinh t jkt, tra trong bng 4.1 ( trang 143- Mng li in)
dy dn AC, vi Tmax = 5000h, ta c jkt = 1,1 A/mm2.
Dng in tnh ton chy trn mi dy dn:
Ittnm =
S ttnm
3.U dm
784,6
Tit din kinh t:
3.35
= 13 (A)
Fkt =
I ttnm 13
=
= 11,8 mm2
j kt
1,1
Chn dy nhm li thp c tit din 16 mm2. Tra PL VI.1 Trang 309 Sch TK
cp in.Ta chn dy dn AC 25 c I cp = 135 A.
Kim tra tit din cp chn theo iu kin pht nng:

iu kin: khc.Icp Isc
Ta c:
0,92.Icp = 0,92.135 = 124,2 A Isc = 2.Imax = 2.13 = 26 A
Vy cp chn tho mn iu kin pht nng.

4.2.2. Trm bin p
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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Trm bin p t 2 my bin p do cng ty ABB ch to ti Vit Nam nh

chn phn trn.Sau y l la chn cc thit b trong trm bin p:
4.2.2.1. La chn dao cch ly cao p.
Dao cch ly c nhim v ch yu l cch ly phn mang in v khng mng in,
to khong cch an ton trng thy, phc v cho cng tc sa cha, kim tra, bo
dng li in.
iu kin chn :
in p nh mc:
Um.CL U dm.m = 35 kV
Dng in nh mc: Im.CL Ilvmax =
k qt .S dm.BA
3.22
1,4.500
3.35
= 11,55 A
Tra bng 2-24 trang 640 CC ta chn dao cch ly in p cao t ngoi tri do
Lin X ch to c s liu k thut nh trong bng (4-3):
Bng 4-3: Thng s ca dao cch ly 3DC:
Kiu
PH-3-1/35/600
I. ( KA )
IXK
IXK
80
31
I.n 10 s
S lng
Khi lng (kg)
( KA )
12
66
4.2.2.2.La chn cu ch cao p:

Cu ch l thit b bo v c nhim v ct t mch in khi c dng in ln qu
tr s cho php i qua, Chc nng ca cu ch l bo v qu ti v ngn mch.
Gi s khi s c mt my bin p th my cn li c th lm vic qu ti 40%
( kqtbt= 1,4).
iu kin chn:
in p nh mc:
UmCC Um.m = 35kV
Dng in nh mc: Idm CC ILVmax =
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35
k qt .S dm.BA
3.22
1,4.500
3.35
= 11,55 A

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Tra bng 2.21 Trang 122 s tay tra cu ta chn c cu ch cao p loi 3GD1
603-5B do hng Siemens ch to c cc thng s k thut sau:
Bng 4-4: Thng s cu ch cao p 3GD1 603-5B
Um (kV)
36
Im (A)
16
Ict N Min (kA)

62
ICTN (kA)
31,5
4.2.3. Chn thanh ci 35 kV:

Chn thanh ci theo mt dng kinh t. S dng thanh ci bng ng, theo bng
8-6 trang 274 Sch cung cp in ta c vi thanh ci bng ng th JKT =2,25
SKT =
I LV max
J kt
Trong : Ilvmax l dng in lm vic ln nht, o l khi mt in 1 ngun v 1

MBA ca thanh ci kia b hng lc thanh ci phi mang ti l 2 MBA u lm vic
ch qu ti 40%.
ILVmax =
SKT =
2.k qt .S dm.BA
3.35
2.1,4.500
= 23 A
3.35
I LV max
23
=
= 10,22( mm 2 )
J kt
2,25
Tra bng 6-30 CC T2 ta chn thanh ci c tit din tiu chun l 25 mm 2 c

cc s liu k thut nh bng sau:
Bng 4-5: Cc thng s k thut ca thanh ci 35 kV.`
M hiu
AC-25
S(mm 2 )
25
Icp (A)
170
S thanh 1 pha
1
Chiu di (m)
10
4.2.4.La chn chng st van.

Cc h thng CC khi b st nh s gy ra nhiu hin tng, trong nguy
him nht l hin tng qu in p, khi cch in b chc thng v vy cn c cc
bin php bo v cc thit b in trong cc nh cao tng... khng b st nh trc
tip.
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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Chng st van:
.Cu to v hot ng ca chng st van:
Cu to: Gm 2 phn chnh.
Khe h phng in v in tr phng in.
Khe h phng in: c co to l mt chui cc loi khe h dp h quang
v gim nhanh dng khi phng in.
in tr phng in c ch to bng vt liu Vilt, mc ch ca in tr l
lm hn ch dng k tc (dng ngn mch chm t qua chng st van) khi c in p
t ln cao th in tr gim rt nhanh.
Hnh 4.2: Chng st van
iu kin chn chng st van:

Chng st van l thit b in tr phi tuyn c nhim v chng khng cho st
truyn t ng dy vo trm phn phi v trm bin p. Vi in p nh mc ca
li in, in tr chng st c tr rt ln khng cho dng in i qua, khi c qu in
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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KHOA IN
p kh quyn, in tr ca chng st van gim xung rt b tho dng in st xung

t.
Chng st van c chn theo cp in p Udmm = 35 kV.
Chn loi chng st van PBC-35 do Lin X ch to c Udm = 35 kV.
4.2.5. Chn s:
S c tc dng va lm gi cc b phn mang in va lm vt liu cch in
gia cc b phn vi t v vy s phi c bn, chu c lc in ng do
dng ngn mch gy ra, ng thi phi chu c in p ca mng k c lc qu ti.
iu kin chn:
Um s Um mng = 35 kV
Im s Ilv max
y l s thanh ci nn ta khng quan tm n Idm m ch quan tm n in p

ca chng.
Tra bng PL III.21 trang 275 Sch TK cp in ta chn s t trong nh do lin x
ch to c cc thng s k thut nh sau:
Bng 4-6: Cc thng s k thut ca s:

Kiu
O-35-1250
Um
35
U( kV)
Uph..kh
110
Ph ti ph hoi
Khi lng
(kG)
1250
( kg)
13,5
4.2.6. Chn my ct:

My ct l thit b dng trong mng in cao p, n c nhim v l ng ct
ph ti lc lm vic bnh thng v t ng ct ph ti khi xy ra s c. My ct l
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

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thit b lm vic tin cy nhng gi thnh cao nn ngi ta ch s dng n nhng ni

quan trng.
iu kin chn:
UmMC Um mng = 35 KV.

ImMC ILVmax.
- Chn my ct lin lc (MCLL) trn thanh ci 35 KV:

Dng qua MCLL l dng cung cp cho ph ti phn on ca thanh ci b mt
in. Dng qua my ct lin lc trong iu kin nng n nht l trng hp mt in 1
ngun, ng dy cn li s CC cho thanh ci ng thi cc MBA v thit b cao
p ni vo thanh ci phi lm vic trong iu kin qu ti.
Trong trng hp c th: gi s khi 1 ngun b mt ,1 ngun phi lm vic
trong tnh trng qu ti 40% khi dng qua MCLL l dng ln nht.
I LV max
K qt S mB
3.U dm
2.1,4.500
3.35
= 23 (A).
Tra bng ta chn loi my ct do Lin X ch to OCT- 687- 41 s lng 1 ci.

Bng 4-7: Thng s k thut my ct cao p:
Loi
BM-35
Um (kV)
35
Im(kA)
600
ixk(kA)
17,3
Ihd (kA)
10
I (10s) kA
7,1
I v cs ct
6,6/400
- Chn dao cch ly cho my ct lin lc :

Dao cch ly l thit b c dng ph bin trong mng in cao p v h p.
Dao cch ly c nhim v cch ly gia phn mang in v phn khng mang in ng
thi to ra khe h nhn thy c cho ngi th yn tm sa cha. Dao cch ly
khng c b phn dp h quang nn tuyt i khng c dng ng ct khi c ti.
iu kin chn:
UmCD Um mng = 35 KV.

I mCD I LV max =
K qt .2.S dm
3.U dm
1,4.2.500
3.35
= 23 (A).
Tra bng ta chn dao cch ly t ngoi tri do Lin X ch to c cc thng s sau:
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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Bng 4-8: Thng s k thut dao cch ly:

Kiu
I ( KA )
IXK
IXK
80
PH-3-1/35/600
31
I.n 10 s
S lng
Khi lng (kg)
( KA )
12
63
- Chn dao cch ly cho cc u vo cc MBA:

UmCD Um mng = 35 KV.
iu kin chn:
K qt .S mBA
ImCD ILV max =
3.U dm
1,4.500
3.35
= 11,55 (A).
Tra bng 2-24 trang 640 CC ta chn dao cch ly in p cao t ngoi tri do
Lin X ch to c s liu k thut nh trong bng (4-6):
Bng 4-9: Thng s k thut dao cch ly:
Idd( kA )
IXK
IXK
80
31
PH-3-1/35/600
4.2.7.Chn Aptomat u ra MBA:
Kiu
I.n 10 s
( KA )
12
S lng
Khi lng (kg)
66
ATM l thit b bo v tin cy c th ng t ng c 3 pha khi c s c ngn

mch hoc qu ti.
iu kin chn :
Um ATM Um mng = 380 V
Idm ATM Ilv max =
1,4.S mB
3.U ha
1,4 . 500
3 . 0,38
=1063,5 (A).
Tra bng 3.5 Trang 148 s tay tra cu ta chn ATM c Idm= 1250(A) do hng
MERLIN GERIN ch to c cc thng s k thut sau:
Bng 4-10: Thng s k thut ca aptomat u ra MBA:
Loi ATM
M12
S cc
3-4
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35
Idm (A)
1250
Udm (V)
690
IN(KA)
40

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CHNG 5: TNH TON NGN MCH V KIM TRA THIT B

5.1 TNH TON NGN MCH:
5.1.1. Mc ch ca vic tnh ton ngn mch:
Ngn mch l s c gy nguy him nht trong h thng in. Khi sy ra ngn mch th
in p ca h thng gim xung lm cho dng in tng cao c th gp vi chc ln
bnh thng, dng ngn mch ny gy nn hiu ng nhit v hiu ng lc in ng
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh
LP : C in A_ K35

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rt ln c th gy nguy him cho con ngi v thit b. Thi gian ngn mch cng ln,
im ngn mch cng gn ngun cung cp th tc hi do dng ngn mch gy ra cng
ln, lm chy n cc thit b gy nguy him cho ngi vn hnh. Ngn mch lm cho
in p gim thp nh hng n qu trnh lm vic ca cc my mc i hi chnh
xc cao. Nu ngn mch gn ngun, in p h thng gim xung nghim trng c
th gy ri lon h thng in.
Tnh ton ngn mch nhm to c s cho so snh, la chn nhng phng n cung cp
in hp l nht. Xc nh ch lm vic ca cc h tiu th khi xy ra s c, a ra
bin php hn ch dng ngn mch, kt qu tnh ngn mch cn dng kim tra cc
thit b chn trong h thng. T cc s liu tnh ton ngn mch ta thit k v hiu
chnh h thng bo v rle.
Do ngn mch 3 pha c dng l ln nht nn ta ch cn tnh ngn mch 3 pha l c.
5.1.2.Tnh ton ngn mch 3 pha.
5.1.2.1.Tnh ton ngn mch mng in p cao
Trm BATG
Trm BAPX
Cp
N
X
HT
HT
ZC
N
Tnh ton ngn mch ti N:

in khng h thng c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
U tb2 37 2
=
= 4,56 ()
XHT =
S N 300
Trong :
SN - cng sut ngn mch v pha h p ca my bin p trung p ca h thng :
SN = 300 MVA;
Utb - in p trung bnh ca ng dy: Utb = 1,05.Um = 1,05.35 = 37 kV
in tr v in khng ca ng dy:
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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Tra bng 2-35 Trang 645 sach CC vi dy dn AC-25 ta c

r0 = 1,33( /km); x0 = 0,27( /km)
Rd =
1
1
.r0 .l = .1,33.0,1 = 0,0665 ()
2
2
Xd =
1
1
.x0 .l = .0,27.0,1 = 0,0135 ()
2
2
R = Rd = 0,0665()
X = Xd + XHT = 0,0135 + 4,56 = 4,5735
IN =
U tb
3.Z N
37
3. 0,0665 2 + 4,5735 2
= 4,67 kA
ixk = 1,8. 2.I N =1,8. 2 .4,67 = 11,88 kA

5.1.2.2Tnh ton ngn mch mng in h p:
- My bin p: Sm = 500 kVA ; Pn = 7 kW ; Un % = 4,5%
2
PN .U dm
7.(0,4) 2 .10 3
3
x
10
= 4,48 (m )
RB =
=
2
S dmB
500 2
2
10.U N %.U dm
4,5.(0,4) 2 .10 3
3
.
10
= 28,8 (m )
ZB =
=10.
2
S dmB
500 2
XB= Z B2 RB2 = 28,8 2 4,48 2 = 28,45 (m )

- Thanh ci h p trm bin p TG1
Thanh ci bng ng c kch thc 25 3 chiu di : l = 10 (m).
Tra bng 2 - 40 CC trang 647 ta c:
r0 = 0,268 (/m); x0 = 0,20 (m).
Vi khong cch trung bnh hnh hc l 150 (mm).
Rtg1= r0 . l = 0,268 . 10 = 2,7 (m).
Xtg1= xo . l = 0,20 .10 = 2,0 (m ).
- Cp tng: Cp c tit din 95 mm2, di 100m,tra bng PL 4.7 HT CC Trang 249 ta
c:
r0 = 0,35/km; x0 = 0,23/km.
1
1
.r0 .l = .0,35.0,1.10 3 175 (m).
2
2
1
1
XCT= .r0 .l = .0,23.0,1.10 3 115 (m).
2
2
Rct =
- Thanh gp trong t phn phi TG2:

SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh
LP : C in A_ K35

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Chn loi thanh ci bng ng c kch thc: 30 3mm 2 vi Icp = 405A

Chiu di: l = 1,2m, khong cch gia cc pha a = 300 mm.
Khong cch trung bnh hnh hc :
r0 = 0,223 m /m RTG 2 = r0 .l = 0,223.1,2 = 0,2676 m
x0 = 0,235 m /m X TG 2 = x0 .l = 0,235.1,2 = 0,282 m
- in tr v in khng cc ptmt:
ptmt ca trm bin p : M12
RA1 = 0,24 m , XA1 = 0,15 m
ptmt ca t phn phi phn xng c in: loi NS400E(A2)
RA2 = 0,12 m , XA2 = 0,094 m
Bng 5-1: in tr in khng ca ATM phn xng.
Tn phn xng
IttPX (A)
Nhit luyn
PX c
G, hn
Ct gt 1
Ct gt 2
Hnh chnh
Lp rp
C kh
174,26
174,26
228
246,9
209
72,4
157,7
157,7
Loi ATM
NS 225E
NS 225E
NS 400E
NS 400E
NS 225E
C100E
NS 225E
NS 225E
Tham s k thut ca Aptomat

RATM
XATM
Im (A) Um(V)
(m ) (m )
225
500
0,96
0,25
225
500
0,96
0,25
400
500
0,12
0,294
400
500
0,12
0,294
225
500
0,96
0,25
100
500
4,66
2
225
500
0,96
0,25
225
500
0,96
0,25
S
lng
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
- Cp n cc phn xng:
Xng c kh s 1:Gm hai ng cp ng tit din 95mm 2, di 10m, tra bng ta
c r0 = 0,21 m/m; x0 = 0,06m/m
rC1 =
1
1
r0 .l = .0,21.10 = 1,05m
2
2
xC1 =
1
1
x 0 .l = .0,06.10 = 0,3m
2
2
Tng t ta tnh cho cc phn xng khc ta lp c bng sau:

Bng 5-2: in tr in khng ca cp phn xng:
Phn xng
IttPX
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Loi
Tham s k thut ca cp
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Nhit luyn
PX c
G, hn
Ct gt kim loi 1
Ct gt kim loi 2
Hnh chnh
Lp rp
C kh
174,26
174,26
228
246,9
209
72,4
157,7
157,7
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KHOA IN
cp
S
mm2
d(mm)
Li
3G70
3G70
3G95
3G95
3G70
3G35
3G50
3G50
70
70
95
95
70
35
50
50
10
10
11,1
11,1
10
7,1
8,4
8,4
V
min max
31,1
31,1
34,7
34,7
31,1
24,6
26,6
26,6
36,2
36,2
40,6
40,6
36,2
27,3
31,1
31,1
RCT
xCT
(m)
0,29
0,29
0,21
0,21
0,29
0,57
0,4
0,4
(m )
0,06
0,06
0,06
0,06
0,06
0,06
0,06
0,06
Tnh ton ngn mch ti N1

S nguyn l v s thay th tnh ngn mch ti N1:
TG1
A1
C.t
ng
N1
T ph
n phi TBA
BAPX
TG1
ZB
HT
ZCT
ZA1
N1
R1 = RB + RA1 + RCT = 4,48 +0,12 + 175 = 350,12 m .

X1 = XB + XA1 + XCT = 28,45 +0,094 + 115 =143,5 m
Z1 =
IN1 =
R 21 + X 21 =
U cb
3 . Z 1
350,12 2 + 143,5 2 = 378,4 m
0,4
3.378,4.10 3
= 0,61 kA
ixk1 = 1,8. 2 . IN1 = 1,8. 2 . 0,61=1,55 kA

Tnh ngn mch ti N2
S nguyn l v s thay th:
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TG1
A1
C.t
ng
TG2
A2
A2
Cp 1
N1
T ph
n phi TBA
BAPX
ZN1
HT
ZTG1
N2
T? PP
ZC1
ZA2
ZA2
N2
ZB
HT
ZCT
ZA1
ZTG1
ZA2
ZC1
N1
ZA2
N2
R 2 = R 1 + 2.RA 2 + RTG1 + RC1 = 350,12+2.0,12+2,7+175
= 528,06 m
X
=X
+ 2. X A2 + X TG1 + X C1 = 143,5+2.0,94+2,0+115
= 262,38 m
Z
= R 2 2 + X 2 2 = 528,06 2 + 262,38 2 = 589,65 m
U tb
IN2 = 3.Z
=
2
0,4
3.589,65.10 3
= 0,39 kA
ixk2 = 1,8. 2 . IN2 = 1,8. 2 . 0,39 =1 kA

5.2. KIM TRA THIT B:
5.2.1. Kim tra thit b in cao p:
a - Xc nh thi gian gi thit i vi im ngn mch N1:
Thi gian gi thit i vi im ngn mch N1 theo cng thc:
tgtN1 = tgtCKN1 + tgttdN1.
Trong :
tgtckN1 : L thi gian gi thit i vi cc thnh phn chu k.

tgttdN1 : L thi gian gi thit i vi thnh phn tt dn.
C hai thnh phn ny xc nh da vo h s xung nhit.
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I"
=
.
I
"
Vi ngun c cng sut v cng ln I = I. = 1.

Ly tgtckN1 = tN1.
- Nu tN1 < 1 (s) th tgttd = 0,05. = 0,05 (s).
- Nu tN1 > 1(s) th tgttd b qua.
Vi ngun c cng sut nh lc ta phi tra ng cong.
tgtck = f(tN,).
Trong :
I : Dng in siu qu .
I : Dng in ngn mch n nh.
Tnh tN: ( thi gian tn ti ngn mch ).

y l khong thi gian k t khi xy ra ngn mch n thi im dng ngn
mch c ct hon ton.
tN = tBV + tMC.
Trong : tBV: L thi gian tc ng ca bo v rle.
tMC: L thi gian tc ng ca my ct.
Khi ngn mch ti N1:

tN = tBV + tMCd.
Vi : tBV = tBV2 + t.
tBV2 = tBV1 + t.
tBV1 = tATM1 + t.
Trong :
tN1 = tATM1 + 3.t + tMCd.
tBV1: L thi gian tc ng ca bo v dng cc i cho MBA.
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tBV2: L thi gian tc ng ca bo v dng cc i cho my ct lin lc

(thanh ci 35 kV).
tATM1: L thi gian ct tc thi ca ptmt 1ly bng 0,63(s).
tMCd: Vi my ct tc ng nhanh tMCd = 0,1 (s).
t: cp thi gian chn lc ca bo v dng cc i t = 0,4 (s).
ti c cng sut v cng ln = 1.
Vy ttgN1 = tN1 = 1,93 (s).
b - Kim tra cch ly u vo thanh ci 35 kV, dao cch ly ca my ct lin lc v
dao cch ly u vo my bin p.
Cc cu dao cch ly ny chn cng mt loi nn c kim tra nh nhau.
Kim tra theo iu kin n nh lc in ng.

imax = iXKCD = 80 (kA) > ixkN1 = 1,55 (kA).
Imax = IxkCD = 31 (kA) > IxkN1 = 0,61 (kA).
Vy cc cu dao cch ly tho mn iu kin ny.
Kim tra theo iu kin n nh nhit.
I .n I .
I .n 4,12.
t gtN 1
t.n
1,93
= 1,8 kA .
10
Ta c I.nMC(10s) = 12 (kA) > 1,8 (kA).

Vy dao cch ly tho mn iu kin chn v kim tra.
c - Kim tra thanh ci cao p 35 kV:
Theo iu kin n nh lc in ng.
cp vi tt = M/w.
Tnh tt:
Lc tnh ton Ftt do tc dng ca dng ngn mch gy ra:
F(3) = 1,76.i2xkN1.l.10-2/a (kg).
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l: L khong cch gia cc s trong mt pha ly l = 100 (cm).

a: L khong cch gia cc pha ly a = 30 (cm).
F(3) = 1,76.10,492.100.10-2/30 = 6,46 (kg).
Hnh 5.1. S mt ct thanh ci.

Xc nh m men un, m men chng un:
M = F(3)tt .l/10 = 6,46.100/10 = 64,6 (kgcm).
W = h2.b/6 = 0,3.(2,5)2 /6 = 0,3125 (cm2).
tt = 64,6 / 0,3125 = 206,72 (kg/cm2).
tt = 206,72 (kg/cm2) < CP = 1400(kg cm2) (thanh ci bng ng).
Vy thanh ci tho mn iu kin ny.
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Kim tra n nh nhit.

STC1 S.n.
Vi S.n = .I . t gt
Trong :
(mm2).
I : l dng in ngn mch n nh ly bng I(3)N1.

: l h s hiu chnh thanh ci bng ng = 6.
Tgt = tgtN1 = 1,93 (s).
S .n = 6.4,12. 1,93 = 34,34 mm 2
STC1 = 75 mm2 > S.n = 34,34 (mm2).

Kim tra theo iu kin dao ng cng hng.
Do tc ng ca dng ngn mch thanh ci b rung mnh, khi c dng ngn
mch chy qua tn s dao ng ring tnh bng cng thc:
fdrTC1 = 3,62.105.b/l2 (Hz).
Trong :
b: L b rng tit din thanh ci theo phng dao ng tnh bng cm.
l: Khong cch gia hai s lin tip, l = 100 (cm).
fdrTC1 = 3,62.105.0,3/(100)2 = 10,86 (Hz).
m bo an ton th fdrTC1 n.(f 10%f) = fch.

fdrTC1 n.( 50 0,1.50).
Vi n l s t nhin (n= 1,2...).
n =1 fdrTC1 = 10,86 (Hz) 55 (Hz).
n = 2 fdrTC1 = 10,86 (Hz) 110 (Hz).
Tng t cho cc gi tr n khc.
Kt lun: Thanh ci tho mn cc iu kin chn v kim tra.
d - Kim tra my ct lin lc v my ct du vo cc my bin p.
Cc my ct c kim tra theo cc iu kin:
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Kim tra theo iu kin n nh lc in ng:

imaxMC i(3)xkN1 23 (kA) > 1,55 (kA).
ImaxMC I(3)xkN1 17,3 (kA) > 0,61(kA).
Kt lun: My ct tho mn iu kin chn.
Kim tra theo iu kin n nh nhit:
I .nMC I N 1.
Trong :
t gtN 1
tn l thi gian ng vi dng in n nh nhit nh mc ng vi 10(s).

I .n I .
I .n 4,12.
Ta c:
t .n
t gtN 1
t .n
1,93
= 1,8 (kA).
10
I.nMC(10s) = 12 (kA) > 1,8 (kA).

I.nMCcp = 7,1 (kA) > 2,1 (kA).
Kt lun: My ct tho mn iu kin chn.
Kh nng ct dng ngn mch:

SCMC SN.
Trong :
SN l cng sut ct ngn mch.

S N 1 = 3.I N 1 .U cb = 3.4,67.37 = 299,28 ( MVA).
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SCMC(chn) = 400 (MVA) > 299,28 (MVA).

e - Kim tra s thanh ci cao p (TC1):
S c kim tra theo lc cho php tc dng ln u s:
FCP Ftt.Khc.
Trong :
( Khc = H/H).
Khc l h s hiu chnh. Vi thanh ci t nm ngang ly Khc 1.

FCP = 0,6.Fph (Fph : Lc ph hng).
= 0,6.1250 = 750 (kg).
Ftt = 1,76.i2xkN1. = 1,76.1,552 = 4,22 (kg).
FCP = 750 (kg) > Ftt = 4,22 (kg).
Kt lun s tho mn iu kin chn v kim tra.

5.2.2. Kim tra thit b h p:
1. Xc nh thi gian gi thit i vi im ngn mch N2.
Khi ngn mch ti N2:
tgtN2 = tgtCkN2 + tgttdN2.
tN2 = tbv + tMC = tATM1 + t + tMC = 0,63 + 0,4 + 0,1 = 1,13 (s).
tN2 > 1(s) b qua tgttdN2 tgtN2 = tN2 = 1,13 (s).
2. Kim tra ptmt bo v u ra my bin p v ptmt lin lc:

ATM do hng MERLIN GERIN ch to c cc thng s k thut sau:
C k hiu M12 c: Idm= 1250(A) = 1,25 (kA);
Ict = 40 (kA).
Kim tra theo iu kin n nh lc in ng:
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ixkCP ixktt ( hoc IxkCP Ixktt).

Vi ATM1 c:
Im = 1250 (A); ixktt = ixkN2 = 0,39 (kA).

Ixktt = IxkN2 = 1 (kA).
IxkCP = 40 (kA) > Ixktt = 1 (kA).
Kt lun: ptmt chn tho mn iu kin chn v kim tra.

3. Kim tra thanh ci h p my bin p:
a. Theo iu kin n nh lc in ng.
cp vi tt = M/w.
Tnh tt:
Lc tnh ton Ftt do tc dng ca dng ngn mch gy ra:
F(3) = 1,76.i2xkN2.l.10-2/a (kg).
Trong :
l: L khong cch gia cc s trong mt pha (cm) ly l = 80 (cm).

a: L khong cch gia cc pha ly a = 30 (cm).
F(3) = 1,76.12 .80.10/30 = 47 (kg)
Xc nh m men un, m men chng un :

M = F(3)tt .l/10 = 47. 80/10 = 376(kgcm)
W = h2.b/6 = 0,8.(8)2 /6 = 8,5 (cm2).
tt = 376/ 8,5 = 44,23 (kg/cm2).
tt = 44,23(kg/cm2) < CP = 1400 (kg cm2) ( thanh ci bng ng c kch thc
60x8 mm2 ).

b. Kim tra theo iu kin dao ng cng hng.
Do tc ng ca dng ngn mch thanh ci b rung mnh khi c dng ngn
mch chy qua tn s dao ng ring tnh bng cng thc:
fdrTC1 = 3,62.105.b/l2. (Hz).
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b: L b rng tit din thanh ci theo phng dao ng tnh bng cm.ly
bng 0,8.
l: Khong cch gia hai s lin tip. l = 80 (cm).
fdrTC2 = 3,62.105.0,8/(80)2 = 45,25 (Hz).
m bo an ton th fdrTC1 n.(f 10%f) = fch.

fdrTC1 n.( 50 0,1.50)
Vi n l s t nhin (n= 1,2...).
n =1 fdrTC2 = 45,25 (Hz) 55 (Hz).
n = 2 fdrTC2 = 45,25 (Hz) 110 (Hz).
Tng t cho cc gi tr n khc.
Kt lun: Thanh ci tho mn cc iu kin chn v kim tra.
4. Kim tra s thanh ci cao p (TC2):
S c kim tra theo lc cho php tc dng ln u s:
FCP Ftt.Khc.
( Khc = H/H).
Trong : Khc: L h s hiu chnh. Vi thanh ci t nm ngang ly Khc 1.

FCP = 0,6.Fph (Fph : Lc ph hng).
= 0,6.750 = 450 (kg).
Ftt = 1,76.i2xkN1.10-2/a = 1,76.41,372.80.10-2/30 = 80,33 (kg).
FCP = 450 (kg) > Ftt = 80,33 (kg).
Kt lun: S tho mn iu kin chn v kim tra.
5. Kim tra cp (h p) t thanh ci h p n t phn phi ca phn xng

Do cp c ch to chc chn nn khng cn kim tra theo iu kin n nh
lc in ng m ch kim tra theo iu kin n nh nhit.
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Tit din n nh nhit:

Scp Sn ;
Trong :
Sn = .IN3. t gtN 3
(mm2).
: L h s tnh ton vi cp bng ng = 7.

tgtN3 = tgtck3 + tgttdN3
tgttdN3 = 0,05.()2 = 0,05.(IN3/IN3)2 = 0,05.1 = 0,05 (s).

tgtckN3 = tATM2 = 0,38(s) tgtN3 =0,38 + 0,05 = 0,43 (s).
Sn = 7.6,45. 0,43 = 29,6 (mm2).
Sncp = 70 (mm2) > 29,6 (mm2).
Vy cp1 tho mn iu kin chn v kim tra.
CHNG 6 : THIT K H THNG CHIU SNG CHO CC PHN

XNG NH MY C KH
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6.1. YU CU CA H THNG CHIU SNG PHN XNG :

H thng chiu sng ca phn xng phi m bo cc yu cu sau :
- Khng b la mt.
- Khng b la do phn x.
- Khng to ra nhng khong ti bi nhng vt bi che khut.
- Phi c ri ng u.
- Phi to c nh sng gn nh sng t nhin.
6.2. .LA CHN S LNG V CNG SUT CA H THNG N CHIU SNG
Do nh my c kh c cc phn xng c din tch, hnh dng ging nhau nn ta
ch cn thit k cho 1 phn xng, cc phn xng khc tng t nhau.
Ta chn Phn xng nhit luyn (B1).
tnh ton chiu sng cho phn xng nhit luyn, y ta s p dng phng
php h s s dng.
Cng thc tnh ton quang thng ca bng nh sau:
F=
k .E.S .Z
(lumen).
n.k sd
Trong : k- h s d tr
E- ri ( lx)
S- din tch nh, (m2)
Z- h s tnh ton
n- s bng n, xc nh sau khi b tr n trn mt bng.
ksd- h s s dng ca n, tra trong s tay k thut vi quan h ksd = f().
Ch s phng:
=
a.b
H .( a + b )
a, b- chiu rng v chiu di ca phn xng.

S tnh ton chiu sng nh hnh v 6-1:
Trong : h- chiu cao ca phn xng ( tnh n u treo n )
hlv- chiu cao t nn phn xng n mt cng tc, hlv = 0,8 m
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hc - khong cch t trn n n, hc = 0,7 m

H- khong cch t n n mt cng tc.
hc
L
h
H
mt cng tc
hlv
Hnh 6-1: S tnh ton chiu sng phn xng

6.2.1. Xc nh s lng v cng sut ca bng n.
Phn xng nhit luyn c bi bm, khi v c chi gia dng c sn xut nn
phn xng cn c nh sng tht, n nh, khng gy mi mt cho ngi sn xut ... V
nhng c im ta chn bng n dy tc loi n vn nng chiu sng cho phn
xng. Bng n dy tc c u im l pht ra nh sng tht, t b nhy cm vi s thay
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i ca in p, nh sng khng gy mi mt, n c gi thnh r, c h s cng sut cao.

gim tng phn, m bo ri ng u trn ton din tch ta dng h
thng chiu sng vi cch b tr n bn gc nh hnh v 6-2 :
V chiu sng chung nn ta dng phng php h s s dng (phng php quang
thng) tnh chn cng sut cho n.
E.S.k.Z
n.ksd
F=
3m
5m
1.5m
5m
Hnh 6-2: S b tr n
Cn c vo cao ca nh xng 4,5 (m), cao ca mt cng tc so vi nn
nh h lv = 0,5 (m) v n cao cch trn hc = 0,5(m) ta xc nh c khong cch t n
ti mt cng tc:
H = 4,5 hlv- hc= 4,5 - 0,5 - 0,5 = 3,5(m)
Tra bng vi n vn nng c tr s
n l:
L
= 1,8 l thch hp. Khong cch gia cc
H
L = 1,8.H = 1,8.3,5 = 6,3 (m)
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Da vo chiu di ca phn xng l 48m, chiu rng ca phn xng l 27m ta

chn L = 5 (m). Do vy, ta b tr phn xng 40 bng trong chia thnh 10 dy mi
dy 4 bng, cc bng cch nhau 5 m, cch tng tnh theo chiu di l 1,5 m, theo
chiu rng l 3m.
Xc nh ch s phng:
=
a.b
48.27
=
= 4,9
H.(a + b) 3,5.(48 + 27)
Ly h s phn x ca tng l tg = 50%v ca trn l tr = 30%. Tra bng

ph lc ta c ksd = 0,452.
Xc nh quang thng F:
ri yu cu: E = 30 Lx
H s d tr: k = 1,3
H s tnh ton: Z = 1,1
Quang thng ca mi n l:
F=
E.S.k.Z 30.1300.1,3 .1,1

=
= 3280 (Lm)
n.k sd
40.0,425
Tra bng ph lc PL VIII.2 trang 325 TKC Ta chn n si t chao vn nng c

cng sut t P = 300 W, c quang thng F = 3000 Lm v in p Um = 220 V
Tng cng sut chiu sng ton phn xng l:
PCS = 40 .300 = 12000 (W) = 12 (kW).
6.2.2. Thit k mng in chiu sng.
Ngun chiu sng ca phn xng c ly t mt l ra ca t phn phi phn
xng. L ny cung cp cho t chiu sng t cnh ca ra vo ca phn xng. T
gm 1 ptmt tng v 10 ptmt nhnh 1 pha, mi ptmt nhnh cp in cho 4
bng n.
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6.2.2.1. Chn ptmt tng:

Chn ptmt theo cc iu kin sau:
in p nh mc:
UdmA Udm.m = 0,38 kV
Dng in nh mc:
IdmA Itt =
PCS
3.Udm.m.cos
12
3.0,38.1
= 18,23 (A)
Chn ptmt loi C60H 25 do hng Merlin Gerin ch to vi cc thng s

sau:
UdmA = 415 V; IdmA = 25 A; IN = 10 kA

6.2.2.2. Chn cp t t phn phi phn xng n t chiu sng:
Chn cp theo iu kin pht nng cho php:
khc.Icp Itt = 18,23(A)
k hc= 1: h s hiu chnh
Kim tra theo iu kin phi hp vi thit b bo v l ptmt:
Icp
I kdnh 1,25.IdmA 1,25.25

=
=
= 20,83(A)
1,5
1,5
1,5
Chn cp ng 4 li, v PVC c tit din F = 2,5 mm2 vi dng cho php
Icp = 27 A.
6.2.2.3. Chn cc ptmt nhnh:
Chn ptmt theo cc iu kin sau:
in p nh mc:
UdmA Udm.m = 220 V
Dng in nh mc:
IdmA Itt =
n.Pd
3.0,2
=
= 2,73 (A)
U dm.m 0,22
Chn ptmt loi DPNa 6 do hng Merlin Gerin ch to vi cc thng s sau:

UdmA = 440 V; IdmA = 6 A; ICt N = 4,5 kA
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6.2.2.4. Chn dy t t chiu sng ti bng n:

Chn dy theo iu kin pht nng:
khc.Icp Itt = 2,73 A
k hc= 1: h s hiu chnh
Kim tra theo iu kin phi hp vi thit b bo v l ptmt:

Icp
I kdnh 1,25.I dmA 1,25.6

=
=
= 5 (A)
1,5
1,5
1,5
Chn cp ng 2 li, v PVC c tit din F = 2x1,5 mm 2(bng 2-45) vi dng

cho php Icp = 19 A.
S nguyn l v s i dy mng in chiu sng ca phn xng nh
hnh 6-3 v 6-4.
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TRNG HSPKT VINH

KHOA IN
T ph
n phi
M12
C6OH
CS
NS225E
NS225E NS400E
L1
L2
NS400E NS225E
NS225E NS225E
L4
L6
L3
L5
L7
T chiu sng
DPNa6
PVC 2 x 1,5 mm2 x 10
Hnh 6-3: S nguyn l
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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N CUNG CP IN

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TRNG HSPKT VINH

KHOA IN
Hnh 6-4: S i dy bng n trong phn xng.
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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N CUNG CP IN

-------------0&0------------
TRNG HSPKT VINH

KHOA IN
KT LUN!
Trn y l ton b ni dung tnh ton s b cng nh phng php c th
p dng tnh ton h thng cung cp in ca phn xng c kh, nh my c kh. Kt
qu phn tnh ton s b ny c th lm c s tnh ton thit k chi tit vic cung cp
in cho ton nh my. Trong khi thit k, vic thng k ph ti ca ca phn xng
c kh, nh my c kh c nhng ph ti cn thiu cha c a vo tnh ton, cng
c ph ti c tnh ton trong tng lai. Nu em kt qu ny so vi mt bng h
thng cung cp in ca phn xng hin nay cn t nhiu sai khc. Do vy c c
kt qa tnh ton chnh xc khi thit k chi tit cn phi cn c vo tnh hnh thc t ti
thi im thit k.
V trnh , kh nng cng nh vic nghin cu ti liu tham kho cn nhiu
hn ch. Phm vi ti thit k rng bao gm ton b 1 h thng cung cp in c ph
ti kh phc tp nn trong tnh ton thit k s khng trnh khi nhng thiu st.
ti ny c y , hon thin hn, chnh xc hn khi p dng vo trong
thc t em rt mong c s ng gp kin ca cc thy c gio v cc bn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!
Vinh, ngy 10 thng 05 nm 2011
Sinh Vin
Trn Vn Vinh
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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N CUNG CP IN

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TRNG HSPKT VINH

KHOA IN
TI LIU THAM KHO:

[1] Nguyn Cng Hin Nguyn Mnh Hoch. H thng cung cp in ca x
nghip cng nghip th v nh cao tng. NXB Khoa Hc K Thut, 2005.
[2] Ng Hng Quang V Vn Tm. Thit k cp in. NXB Hc K Thut,
2006.
[3] Ng Hng Quang. S tay la chn v tra cu thit b in t 0,4 n
500kV. NXB Hc K Thut, 2000.
[4] Nguyn Xun Ph. Cung cp in. NXB Hc K Thut, 1998.
[5] Nguyn Hu Khi. Thit k nh my in v trm bin p. NXB Hc K
Thut, 2005.
SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

LP : C in A_ K35

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N CUNG CP IN

TRNG HSPKT VINH

kin nhn xt ca Gio vin hng dn:

kin nhn xt ca gio vin phn bin:

SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

GVHD : Lng Thanh Bnh

TRNG HSPKT VINH

SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

GVHD : Lng Thanh Bnh

TRNG HSPKT VINH

TP Vinh, ngy 30 thng 04 nm 2011

Phn xng nhit luyn

Do tm quan trng ca tin trnh CNH HH t nc i hi phi c nhiu thit

GVHD : Lng Thanh Bnh

TRNG HSPKT VINH

1.2 MT S YU CU KHI THIT K CUNG CP IN.

GVHD : Lng Thanh Bnh

TRNG HSPKT VINH

gi tr 5% in p nh mc. i vi ph ti c yu cu cao v cht lng in p nh cc

SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

GVHD : Lng Thanh Bnh

TRNG HSPKT VINH

- tag : c suy ra t h s cos , tag =

SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

GVHD : Lng Thanh Bnh

TRNG HSPKT VINH

Khi cng sut tnh ton tc dng ca phn xng l :

Ptt = Pl + Pcs (kW)

Qtt = Pl .tg (kVAr)

b) Ph ti ca ton nh my c xc nh theo cng thc:

PttNM = K dtNM . PttPXi

QttNM = K dtNM . QttPXi

Trong : Ktnm l h s ng thi xt n kh nng ph ti ln nht ca phn

Cng sut tnh ton ng lc ca phn xng :

Pcs = p0 .S = 15.1500 = 22,5 kW

SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

GVHD : Lng Thanh Bnh

TRNG HSPKT VINH

Cng sut tnh ton tc dng ca phn xng :

Ptt = Pl + Pcs = 75 + 22,5 = 97,5 kW

Qtt = Ptt .tg = 97,5.0,62 = 60,45 kVAr

Dng in tnh ton ca phn xng:

b.Phn xng c: C cng sut t P = 150kW , h s nhu cu knc = 0,50 ,

Cng sut tnh ton ng lc ca phn xng :

Pcs = p0 .S = 15.1500 = 22,5 kW

Ptt = Pl + Pcs = 75 + 22,5 = 97,5 kW

Qtt = Ptt .tg = 97,5.0,62 = 60,45 kVAr

SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

GVHD : Lng Thanh Bnh

Dng in tnh ton ca phn xng:

TRNG HSPKT VINH

c. Phn xng g, hn: C cng sut t P = 250kW , h s nhu cu knc = 0,30

Pcs = p0 .S = 15.1500 = 22,5 kW

Ptt = Pl + Pcs = 75 + 22,5 = 97,5 kW

Qtt = Ptt .tg = 97,5.1,17 = 114 kVAr

Dng in tnh ton ca phn xng:

d. Phn xng Ct gt kim loi 1:C cng sut t P = 250kW , h s nhu cu

SVTH : Trn Vn Vinh

GVHD : Lng Thanh Bnh

TRNG HSPKT VINH

Cng sut tnh ton chiu sng ca phn xng :

Pcs = p0 .S = 15.1500 = 22,5 kW

Ptt = Pl + Pcs = 75 + 22,5 = 97,5 kW

Qtt = Ptt .tg = 97,5.1,33 = 129,7 kVAr