S DNG HIU QU & TIT KIM iN TRONG H THNG IN

MC TIU
Nm chc cc vn v qun l h thng in Xc nh cc nguyn nhn gy tn tht in nng v lm gim cht lng in nng

xut v thc hin cc gii php s dng nng lng in hiu qu v tit kim in trong HT

NI DUNG
Gii thiu chung H thng in & Qun l nhu cu ph ti in S dng hiu qu & tit kim i vi cc thit b in

I. GiI THIU CHUNG H thng pht-truyn ti-phn phi in

Phn b tn tht cng sut trong mt mng in (t li trung p ti h tiu th)

Cc phn t ca mng in Tn tht, %

Li in cao p (110,220,500 kV) Li phn phi trung p My bin p phn phi Li h p

25 % 812 % 46% 12 15%

C cu tiu th in 2001-2009
60.0 50.0

T trng (%)

40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 2001 2002 2003

Nng nghip TM & K/Sn, Nh Hng

2004

2005 Nm

2006

2007

2008

2009

Cng nghip Qun l & T.dng dn c

II. H THNG IN & QUN L NHU CU PH TI IN

1. th ph ti 2. Qun l nhu cu ph ti 3. H s cng sut 4. Sng hi 5. Ch lm vic khng i xng

1. TH PH TI * th ph ti ngy in hnh ton quc

0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 1 0:00 1 2:00 1 4:00 1 6:00 1 8:00 20:00 22:00

1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40

2005 2006 2007 2008

* th ph ti ngy theo thnh phn kinh t

* th ph ti ngy dng bc thang

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Gi in nng Gi Gi (ng/ 1 kWh)

Gi bnh thng Gi thp im Gi cao im

Gi in cho ngnh sn xut (6 -22 KV)
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920 510 1.830

2. QUN L NHU CU PH TI * Mc ch chung Gim in nng tiu th Gim chi ph sn xut in, gi in San bng th ph ti

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* Cc gii php qun l ph ti hiu qu

Sp xp li t chc sn xut, b tr cc ph ti in

hp l

Ct gim tng in nng tiu th. Chuyn dch ph ti. Sa thi cc ph ti khng cn thit vo gi cao im. S dng cc thit b tiu th in t, cc thit b hiu sut cao S dng MF d phng, diedel vo gi cao im. Ci t cc thit b iu chnh h s cng sut
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San bng th ph ti

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3. H S CNG SUT Gc lch pha gia dng v p

Ti thun tr

Ti cm

Ti dung

u,i

u i t

u,i

u i t

u,i i

u t

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Cc loi cng sut Cng sut tc dng (thc) P = U.I. cos (kW) Cng sut khng Q = U.I. sin (kVAr) Cng sut biu kin (tng) S = U.I (kVA)
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Hng chuyn ng

H s cng sut (cos )

Cng sut khng (kVAr)

Cng sut thc (kW)

Cng sut biu kin (kVA)

Hiu qu ca h thng in chuyn t cng sut in thnh cng sut u ra hu dng

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nh hng ca cos thp

Tn tht in

Cng sut MBA

St p

Kch c dy Gi in
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Cc bin php nng cao cos

Gim tiu th cng sut phn khng
- S dng thit b tiu th P phn khng nh;

- Thay cc ng c khng ng b non ti ng c c P nh hn; - Gim in p t vo i vi ng c thng xuyn lm vic non ti; - Hn ch ng c lm vic khng ti; - Dng ng c ng b thay cho ng c khng ng b cng P khi quy trnh cng ngh cho php; - Thay th v sp xp li cc MBA non ti.
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 S dng cc thit b b
Trc b
CS thc
100kW

Sau b
100kW 33 kVAR

Trc b

Sau b

2
CS khng
100kVAR

Mc CS tit kim CS thc

CS tng

SC khng b: 67 kVAR

Trc b: Cos1 = 0.70

Sau b: Cos2 = 0.95

CSkhng do bin p cp

CS khng do t b cp

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Tnh dung lng b:

Q b Ptan tan moi

Tn tht khi cha c b:

Tn tht sau khi c b:

Gim c lng tn tht:

V tr t t

B tp trung

B ring r

B nhm

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B cos (tt) B ng ng

B nn

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4. SNG HI
Sng c bn

Sng hi bc 3 Dng in trn pha Sng hi bc 5

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Nguyn nhn gy sng hi

Ti phi tuyn
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27

nh hng ca sng hi Tng nhit , tng tn hao my bin p v ng c (dng xoy trong li thp) Tng nhit dy dn (hiu ng b mt) Tng st p cui ng dy Cc thit b in t lm vic khng tin cy R-le, MCB, MCCB tc ng nhm H hng cm t in Gim cht lng sn phm
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nh hng ca sng hi (tt)

A B N C

Sng hi trong dy trung tnh: 300%, sng hi pha

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Cc bin php gim sng hi

Cung cp mch in ring cho thit b gy sng hi Dng t lc sng hi Tng tit din dy trung tnh Tng s pha ca cu nn S dng b lc bc cao - Cun cm ni tip, My bin p Zigzag - B lc th ng - B lc ch ng

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B lc th ng

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B lc ch ng

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5. CH KHNG I XNG (KX) Ch KX: ch lm vic cc pha khng ging nhau (v mun hoc pha hoc c hai). - KX ngn mch - KX di hn Tc hi: - Xut hin dng th t nghch v th t khng. - Dng th t khng s i trn dy trung tnh, gy tn tht (20% i 3 pha dy dn, 1 2% in nng tiu th ton nh my)

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Dy trung tnh (N) trong h thng in 3 pha

A IA IC C IB B
C

ZA

ZC

ZB

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Nguyn nhn xut hin dng trn dy trung tnh Phn phi ti trn tng pha khng hp l
u ni ban u Thay i ph ti trn cc pha theo thi gian s dng

Cng sut tiu th trn tng pha khc nhau ti cc thi im khc nhau

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Cc gii php i xng ha ch ca h thng cung cp in

Cn bng ph ti tng pha

Gim in tr th t nghch ca li in 3 pha 4 dy ng c khng ng b 3 pha u h thng c ph ti KX u khng i xng t in gia cc pha.

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Loi tr dng trn dy trung tnh

nh k o dng dy trung tnh/ dng pha

o nhng thi im khc nhau trong ngy

Cn bng ph ti cc pha
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III. S DNG HiU QU &TIT KIM I VI CC THIT B iN

1. My bin p 2. ng c in

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1.MY BIN P (MBA)

MBA &Tn tht trong MBA
- Gin nng lng ca MBA

P + jQ1 1

P + jQt t

P2 + jQ2

pCu1+ jq1

pFe + jqM

pCu2+ jq2

- Hiu sut:

P2 % 100 P1
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PN

Cc tn tht trong MBA: - Tn tht li t P0 khng ph thuc cng sut ti. , - Tn tht ng thay i theo cng sut ti : + Khi ti nh mc s l tn tht ngn mch PN ; + Cn tn tht cng sut khi mang ti S(t) :
S (t ) P0 PN . 2 PB P0 PN S dmB
2

Tn tht in nng trong 1 nm

A B P0 . 8760 PN .

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S dng hiu qu v tit kim khi s dng MBA

1. Chn hp l dung lng MBA

hn ch tn hao

V d: - B1 c Sdm=400kVA, P0=0,92 kW, PN=5,5 kW; - B2 c Sdm=630kVA, P0=1,42 kW, PN=7,6 kW. Ti (KVA) 100 200 300 400 500 600

Tn tht B1: 1,263 2,295 4.061 6,42 Tn tht B2: 1,611 2,186 3,143 4,484 6,207 8,313

KL: Ti di 200 kVA dng B1, ln hn dng B2

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2. Vn hnh kinh t trm bin p

1 MBA th tn tht: 2 MBA th tn tht:
S (t ) P P0 PN S dmB
2

PN P 2.P0 2

S (t ) S dmB

S* SdmB

2.P0 PN

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3.Cc gii php khc - Phn phi ti ph hp gia cc MBA - Trm BA t gn cc thit b ng lc - Khng s dng n p cho cc mch ng lc khi dao ng in p xy ra vi tn sut khng ln - iu chnh in p ca MBA ph hp vi ph ti

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2.NG C iN

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Hiu sut ng c Pin = U.I. Cos Ptnmn Pout = .

Nguyn nhn lm gim hiu sut:

ng c qun li nhiu ln ng c chy non ti Bo tr khng tt
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Pstator

Pli

ProtorPmast

ng c chy non ti
Hiu sut ng c
Hiu sut

H s cng sut Ti ng c 0% Cos 0.17 0.55 0.73 0.7

T l mang ti

25% 50% 75%

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Cc c hi tit kim in nng trong s dng ng c

1.S dng ng c hiu sut cao

u im

Hn ch

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Hiu qu s dng ng c hiu sut cao Mc tng hiu sut

C b ( 15kW) : 6 8 % C ln ( 20kW): 2 4 %

Mc tng chi ph u t
C b ( 15kW): 15 25 % C ln ( 20kW): khng ng k

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2. Gim thi gian hot ng non ti

La chn kch c sao cho ng vn hnh t 65% 100% cng sut nh mc Xem xt thay th ng c khi ti < 40% cng sut nh mc

3. Ph hp vi c im ti 4. Nng cao cht lng in nng 5. Nng cao h s cng sut

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6. S dng b bin tn (High Efficiency Motor-HEMs)

Tn s f vo c th iu khin tc ng c

EMC

Vi x l/iu khin

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Li ch ca s dng bin tn (VSD, inverter) Tit kim nng lng H thng vn hnh lin tc, p ng theo yu cu ph ti tin cy cao t gy ting n C kh nng o chiu quay v hm c tnh khi ng mm v m my

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Lu khi lp bin tn (VSD) Xem xt tnh cht ti c ph hp t VSD gn ng c (< 30m) Mi trng t bi, trnh rung v nhit (<40oC) Lp cc b lc sng hi Lp cc thit b chng xung bo v VSD khi b sc in Ni t thit b Bo dng, cun li dy, thay th
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Xin chn thnh cm n!