Electrical Engineering Department ENEE 313 Electrical Machines Lab Section (1) Report for Experiment (6) Three

Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Prepared for: Dr.Mohammed Abu-Khaizaran Eng. Mohammed Doghra BY: Mahmoud Mansour Mohammed Itawi Ibrahim Maali Date: 26-9-2011 NO:1080722 NO: NO:1080864

Objectives:*Connecting three phase induction motor (I.M) in both delta and star
configurations and reversing its direction of rotation in both of them. *Starting the three phase squirrel cage I.M in delta and star configurations. *Measuring and interpreting the starting current in delta and star using starting resistor and without it. *Determining the efficiency of the squirrel cage I.M. *Recording various characteristics of the I.M as a function of load torque or speed.

Equipments Used:*Squirrel cage I.M . *Machine test system. *Computer to analyze the circuit. *Three phase supply unit. *Motor protection switch *RMS meters. *Power factor meter. *Star-delta starter. *Delta-star starter. *Power circuit breaker module. *Resistive load.

Theory:Induction motors are the most common type of motors because of its high operational safety and low cost. Also I.M can be classified according to its rotor's shape into two types. Squirrel cage: which consists of a series of conducting bars laid in slots curved in the face of the rotor , and shorted at either end by large shorting rings. Wound rotor: This has three sets of three phase windings that are the mirror images of the stator windings. Also the stator of the induction motor is the same as that of the synchronous motor. The stator's rotary field is produced by the three outer conductors of a 3phase system to which it is connected. The magnetic field rotates at synchronous speed Ns. Ns=120*Fe/P. Where Fe :the electrical frequency, P:the number of poles.

Where, the rotor rotates at a speed less than the synchronous speed, the mechanical speed (N) which is given by:N=(1-S)Ns , where S : is the slip and given by S=(Ns-N)/Ns. We can change the direction of rotation by changing the connection of any tow phases. The mechanical output power of any electrical machine is: P=t*w. Where t: is the output mechanical torque, w: is the mechanical speed in rad/s.

Procedure:-

Fig (1) First, we have connected the circuit shown in figure (1) which is star configuration, then we measured the following values:Phase current=150m A. Line to line voltage: 210 Vrms. Phase voltage= 370 Vrms. Mechanical speed=1490 rev/min. Rotation direction: clockwise. After that we have reversed the direction of rotation by swapping the connection of two phases of the stator. And again we have measured the previous parameters and they were the same as the previous values except the direction of rotation was reversed into counter clockwise.

Fig (2) Second, we have connected the circuit shown in figure (2) which is the same as the first circuit, except the connection of stator's winding is delta not star. Also we have measured the following values:Phase current=640m A. Line to line voltage: 370 Vrms. Phase voltage= 370 Vrms. Mechanical speed=1490 rev/min. Rotation direction: clockwise.

Fig (3) Third, we have connected circuit shown in figure (3) in order to study the effect of the starting resistor on the source line.

We have obtained the current values shown in table (1) from the ammeter connected on phase one which consists of a starting resistor by changing the resistive load value. R% I1 (A) 40 60 80 90 0.05 0.40 0.35 0.31 Table (1) Also, we have obtained the current values shown in table (2) from the ammeter connected on phase two which doesn't consist resistive load. 0 0.81 10 0.82 20 40 0.83 0.83 Table (2) 60 0.83 80 0.81 90 0.81 0 0.80 10 0.70 20 0.65

R% I2 (A)

We can see from tables above the effect of inserting starting resistor which limits the starting current values, and hence protecting the circuit from damaging.

Fig (4) We have connected the circuit shown in figure(4) to study the effect of star up with star and delta connections. And we have obtained the following values:For star configuration:Start up current=0.85A. Steady state current= 0.15A. For delta configuration:Start up current=0.75A. Steady state current= 0.50A. Current immediately after changing from delta to star=0.15A.

From above values we can notice that star current is one third of delta current, and this useful for protecting our machine from being damaged due to high current in delta connection. Also, we have connected circuit shown in figure (5), which uses an automatic star-delta converter which is important for the reason mentioned above.

Fig (5) From the name plate of the I.M, we have read the values shown in table (3).
Nominal Voltage Vn when connected in star Nominal Voltage Vn when connected in delta Nominal Current In when connected in star Nominal Current In when connected in delta Nominal Power Factor Nominal Power Pn Nominal Speed nN 692Vrms 400Vrms 0.85A 1A 0.7 0.27 kw 1350 rpm

Table (3) Then we have connected circuit shown in figure (6), to study the efficiency and motor characteristic.

Fig (6) From data taken from the name plate in table (3), we have calculated the nominal torque through this equation : t=P/w, w=(1350*2pi)/60=141.4. ..t=0.27k/141.4=1.9 N.m and this for delta connection. But in star connection the torque is one third of torque in delta connection and equals 0.637 N.m. We have selected the operational mode of torque regulation, then we set the calculated nominal torque as a load for the machine, then we modified the load torque until the output power of the machine comes near the recorded nominal value. Then we have obtained the following values:Vdelta=400Vrms. Idelta=1A. Power factor=0.7. Power=0.27k Mechanical speed=1350rpm. *the active input power in the machine=3*I*V*p.f=377.3w *output power=270.4w. *efficiency=270.4/377.3=0.72. The nominal value=actual value/nominal value. And so using the above equation, the nominal values from name plate and the same circuit in figure (6), we have filled table (4) by changing the torque value.

T/Tn

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

T (NM) N (rpm) I (A) P.F n/nN I/IN P1 (w) P1/PN P2 (w) P2/PN efficiency T/Tn T (NM) N (rpm) I (A) P.F n/nN I/IN P1 (w) P1/PN P2 (w) P2/PN efficiency

0 1490 0.16 0.30 1.11 0.25 31.82 0.11 0 0 0 0.8 0.48 1429 0.25 0.75 1.03 0.44 133.97 0.47 74.10 0.82 0.55

0.06 1483 0.17 0.35 1.09 0.24 33.94 0.13 9.86 0.11 0.29 0.9 0.54 1419 0.25 0.80 1.01 0.50 261.87 0.93 82.22 0.30 0.31

0.12 1477 0.18 0.42 1.08 0.27 52.37 0.18 19.51 0.21 0.37 1 0.60 1408 0.26 0.82 0.99 0.55 295.68 1.05 89.54 0.33 0.30

0.18 1470 0.19 0.50 1.08 0.31 65.47 0.23 29.16 0.32 0.44 1.1 0.66 1395 0.28 0.83 0.96 0.63 341.88 1.21 95.83 0.35 0.28

0.24 1462 0.19 0.62 1.07 0.32 80.62 0.28 38.62 0.42 0.47 1.2 0.72 1382 0.30 0.85 0.95 0.66 360.44 1.30 96.21 0.42 0.41

0.30 1454 0.20 0.65 1.06 0.34 78.80 0.28 47.79 0.53 0.60 1.3 0.78 1365 0.34 0.86 0.94 0.70 370.51 1.33 97.21 0.51 0.35

0.36 0.42 1447 1438 0.21 0.215 0.68 0.70 1.05 0.37 106.69 0.37 56.89 0.63 0.53 1.4 0.84 1340 0.37 0.87 0.94 0.73 377.32 1.38 99.21 0.53 0.38 1.04 0.41 122.21 0.43 65.63 0.72 0.53 1.5 0.90 1302 0.42 0.88 0.93 0.77 382.54 1.40 99.01 0.61 0.41

Table (4) Then we have changed the connection from star into delta configuration, and repeated the previous steps then filling table (5). We have used the following formulas to find the calculated values in tables (4) and (5). *Normalized value-actual value/nominal value *P1: input power = 3*V*I*cos(theta) *P2: output power = t*w *P1n = Vn*In*COS(theta) * = P2/P1

T/Tn

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

T (NM) N (rpm) I (A) P.F n/nN I/IN P1 (w) P1/PN P2 (w) P2/PN efficiency T/Tn T (NM) N (rpm) I (A) P.F n/nN I/IN P1 (w) P1/PN P2 (w) P2/PN efficiency

0 1493 0.72 0.25 1.10 0.55 173.25 0.61 0 0 0 0.8 1.52 1425 0.79 0.7 1.04 0.75 630 2.25 224.38 0.83 0.35

0.19 1485 0.71 0.30 1.098 0.54 198.45 0.71 29.64 0.11 0.14 0.9 1.71 1412 0.83 0.75 1.02 0.82 723.24 2.58 248.83 0.92 0.34

0.38 1479 0.71 0.35 1.092 0.55 242.55 0.86 58.97 0.21 0.24 1 1.90 1398 0.84 0.75 1.09 0.90 803.25 2.86 272.28 1.01 0.33

0.57 1472 0.71 0.40 1.085 0.56 294 1.05 87.86 0.32 0.29 1.1 2.09 1383 0.94 0.78 0.98 1.05 959.17 3.42 292.47 1.08 0.30

0.76 1464 0.71 0.46 1.077 0.58 353.22 1.26 116.34 0.43 0.32 1.2 2.28 1365 1.00 0.82 0.95 1.20 1108.8 3.96 308.74 1.14 0.27

0.95 1457 0.71 0.51 1.068 0.61 416.32 1.48 144.23 0.53 0.34 1.3 2.47 1343 1.10 0.84 0.94 1.30 1120.11 4.01 320.11 1.20 0.25

1.14 1448 0.75 0.54 1.06 0.64 470.4 1.68 171.76 0.63 0.36 1.4 2.66 1311 1,20 0.86 0.93 1.33 1150.32 4.33 333.21 1.23 0.23

1.33 1438 0.77 0.52 1.05 0.69 543.37 1.94 198.57 0.73 0.36 1.5 2.85 1262 1.30 0.87 0.92 1.36 1153.12 4.66 356.20 1.31 0.22

Table (5)

Finally, we have used computer to show the characteristics of the the I.M when it's connected in star and delta. And we have obtained responses shown in figures (7) and (8) respectively.

Fig (7)

Fig (8) Conclusion:In this experiment we have learnt about the squirrel cage induction motor, since we have learnt how to start it and the effect of inserting starting

resistors in the power lines, in order to reduce the starting current and hence protecting motor. And the effect of delta-star converter also to reduce the starting current. In addition, we have learnt about motor's characteristics such as torque, speed, power and others. And we have noticed that out theoretical calculations and expectations were very close to the practical results that were gained from experiment. and the small variation were due to neglecting the resistance of connecting wires, measuring equipments accuracy and some personal errors during reading values.