BO CO N THIT K H THNG MNG ***

Gio vin hng dn : TS.Ng Hng Sn Sinh vin : Nguyn Hng Minh SHSV: 20081743 Lp: TTM-K53

ti 2: Tm hiu v trin khai PlanetLab trn mng din rng Tm hiu PlanetLab trong xy dng lab o trn mng. Trin khai th nghim trn mng Internet hoc mng gio dc (gia mt s trng i hc ti H Ni) Pht trin, th nghim v nh gi mt s ng dng th nghim (IPv6, security, streaming)

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Contents
LI M U ..................................................................................................................... 4 CHNG 1. TM HIU CNG NGH O HA MNG ............................................... 5 1. 2. 3. Cng ngh o ha l g ? .................................................................................... 5 Ti sao phi o ha ? .......................................................................................... 5 Cc kiu o ha c bn : ..................................................................................... 6 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 4. 5. o ha h thng lu tr : ............................................................................. 6 o ha h thng mng : ............................................................................... 7 o ha ng dng : ....................................................................................... 8 o ha h thng my ch : .......................................................................... 9

Kin trc mng o : .......................................................................................... 10 u nhc im ca vic o ha : ..................................................................... 13 5.1. 5.2. u im : ................................................................................................... 13 Nhc im : ............................................................................................. 13

CHNG 2. TM HIU PLANET-LAB ......................................................................... 14 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Tng quan : ............................................................................................................ 14 Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin : .......................................................................... 15 Tc ng ca PlanetLab : ...................................................................................... 15 Cc thnh phn kin trc dng trong h thng :.................................................... 16 Mi quan h tin cy gia cc thc th trong h thng : ........................................ 17 Kin trc nt PlanetLab: ........................................................................................ 19 Kin trc Slice : ..................................................................................................... 20 Kin trc phn mm MyPLC : .............................................................................. 21

CHNG 3. TRIN KHAI TH NGHIM MNG PLANETLAB THU NH ........... 22 1. Thnh phn ca h thng:...................................................................................... 22 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 2. My trung tm: .............................................................................................. 23 Tp hp cc node : ........................................................................................ 23 User h thng : .............................................................................................. 23

Cc bc trin khai :.............................................................................................. 23 Page 2

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 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. Yu cu h thng : ......................................................................................... 23 Dng DNS: .................................................................................................... 24 Ci t mi trng Proxmox trn my trung tm & cc node: ..................... 24 Ci t trn my trung tm : .......................................................................... 27 Ci t trn cc node : ................................................................................... 30 Chun b : ............................................................................................... 30 To Site vi quyn PI : ........................................................................... 30 Ci t trn cc node : ............................................................................ 32 Cc th mc quan trng trn h thng : ................................................. 34 To User : ............................................................................................... 34 To Slice : ............................................................................................... 35

2.5.1. 2.5.2. 2.5.3. 2.6.

S dng h thng : ........................................................................................ 34

2.6.1. 2.6.2. 2.6.3.

Chng 4. KT LUN & NH GI KT QU .......................................................... 36 1. 2. 3. Kt qu t c :.................................................................................................. 36 Hn ch : ................................................................................................................ 36 Hng pht trin ti: ......................................................................................... 36

TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................................. 37

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LI M U
Thc hnh l mt trong nhng yu t quan trng gip cung cp cho sinh vin kin thc v kinh nghim cn thit trong lnh vc my tnh. Vi s ph bin rng ri ca my tnh c nhn, sinh vin ngy cng c iu kin t luyn tp ti nh. Mc d vy, cc phng th nghim my tnh trong trng hc vn c vai tr quan trng, c bit l trong vic cung cp cho sinh vin c hi lm vic vi nhng phn mm i hi chi ph u t ln, c v mt phn mm ln phn cng. Tuy nhin, vic xy dng mt phng th nghim l kh tn km. Ngoi chi ph cho my mc, thit b cn c chi ph cho phng my, h thng mng, bo tr, v.v. Hn na, cn c nhng kh khn trong vic la chn u t thit b, nh CPU, RAM, cng, v.v. Nu kh nng lm vic ca cc thit b ny thp, chng s nhanh chng tr nn lc hu v khng p ng c nhu cu ca ngi dng. Ngc li, nu kh nng lm vic ca cc thit b qu cao so vi nhu cu thc t, chng s khng c tn dng ti a, khi m nhu cu ca tng sinh vin, tng mn hc khng ging nhau. S tin b trong cng ngh o ha em n mt hng gii quyt cho vn trn. Cng ngh o ha cho php to ra my ol my tnh c gi lp bng phn mm, song vn c th hot ng nh nhng my vt l. Nhiu my o c th cng chy trn mt my vt l, v vy vic chia s, tn dng ti nguyn s c thc hin mt cch hiu qu. Song vic ng dng my o cng dn n mt s tr ngi nht nh. Th nht, phi c cc c ch ngi dng c th lm vic vi my o nh vi nhng my tnh vt l thng thng. Th hai, phi m bo rng ngi dng lun nhn c my o ph hp vi nhu cu ca h, c v phn mm ln phn cng. Trong n ny, em s tm hiu v cng ngh o ha mng , v xy dng th nghim mt h thng dng cng ngh o ha vi chc nng ca cc phng th nghim truyn thng. Chnh l tm hiu v xy dng h thng mng Planetlab quy m mng cc b. Em xin chn thnh cm n thy Ng Hng Sn tn tnh hng dn em hon thnh n ny.

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CHNG 1. TM HIU CNG NGH O HA MNG

1. Cng ngh o ha l g ? o ha l bc chuyn trung gian t phn cng vt l sang phn cng o v n ang tr thnh mt trong nhng xu hng pht trin ln tip theo trong ngnh cng nghip ICT. Hin nay c nhiu la chn o ha hn trong tng lnh vc cho cc chuyn gia cng ngh thng tin la chn , nh cc ng dng m ngun m ca Xen v Virtual Iron , hay Hyper-V ca Microsoft v cc sn phm mi ca VMware. C th ni cng ngh o ha l mt cng ngh c thit k to ra mt phin bn o t mt thit b lu tr, mt thit b mng cho n mt h iu hnh. Mc ch ca cng ngh o ha l n gin vic qun l nhng li t hiu qu cao hn v kh nng , tc lm vic cng nh nng cao kh nng m rng h thng. 2. Ti sao phi o ha ? Nh chng ta thy, h thng mng Interet mi ch ra i cch y hn 30 nm, nhng c s pht trin bng n n ngy nay, c v phm vi v tnh cht. T phm vi mt vi trm Km n nay Internet ph khp ton cu, t xy dng trn 1 kin trc n gin, n nay tn ti hng chc kin trc mng khc nhau vi cc cng ngh mng khc nhau.iu ny phn no ni ln tnh phc tp ca h thng mng ton cu hin nay.Trong khi nhu cu m rng & nng cao hiu nng hot ng ca h thng mng hin c, vi kh nng ti nguyn c hn t ra cho cc nh hoc nh pht trin cn c hng i mi. Khng th tip tc pht trin theo con ng c, m cn c 1 s t ph mi v mt cng ngh mng. Internet trong tng lai cn phi t c nhng mc tiu g. C 5 yu t cn phi ci thin Internet ngy nay mc phi. Th nht, l vn an ton. Internet ngy nay thc s khng an ton, c qu nhiu mi nguy him lun dnh dp bn hng ngy, k c t ngi dng cui n cc nh cung cp dch v, h u tr thnh mc tiu tn cng ca cc hacker. Trong khi , cc c ch bo v ngi dng l khng kh thi hoc rt yu v d dng b hacker vt qua. V vy, yu cu Internet trong tng lai cn khc phc hn ch ny, cn nng cao tnh bo mt & an ton trong mi giao thc. Tuy nhin, vic kt hp nhiu thnh phn bo mt ring r li khng m bo an ton cho c h thng. iu ny mt phn th hin bi h tng mng c qu nhiu nh cung cp dch v , trong khi mi nh cung cp li hng n mc tiu khc nhau, cng nh chnh sch pht trin khc nhau, nn kh tm c ting ni chung. Trong khi cc chnh sch bo mt lp trn li khng an ton. Th 2 l tnh linh ng. iu ny th hin ch Internet cn h tr cho ng dng v cng ngh di ng : c lp v a l, phng thc truy cp , thay i im truy cp lin tcGii quyt n cn phi p dng phn cp nh tuyn & s dng a ch khc. Tuy nhin phn cp nh tuyn e da tnh m rng v lc IP. S dng a ch IP khc cn thit k li nn tng hoc nh hng n hiu nng mng. Th 3 l vn qun l mng, th hin tin cy v tnh sn sng, tnh m rng. Internet ngy nay Nguyn Hng Minh Page 5

 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 c h tng mng qu phc tp v rt kh qun l. Mun thay i kin trc mng mi hoc thay i kin trc mng hin ti cn s ng thun ca tt c cc bn. iu l khng kh thi v cc cng ngh tng di IP, nhng cng ngh mng li l rt khi thay i. Tt c cc kh khn trn t ra cho cc nh hoc nh chnh sch pht trin ca mng internet yu cu n gin ha h tng mng. Cng ngh o ha mng ra i chnh l n gin ha v t ng ha h tng mng. Mng o c th c xy dng theo cc tiu ch thit k khc nhau v vn hnh nh 1 mng iu chnh theo dch v. o ha mng l phng php y ha hn cho php th nghim cc giao thc mi nh giao thc chn ng hoc gii php thay th IP. o ha mng khng ging nh vi cng ngh o ha hin nay nh VPN. VPN dng kt ni cc mng phn tn c phm vi rng ln nhng li khng c s linh hot , thay i theo p ng dch v, m ch c th da trn ci sn c. 3. Cc kiu o ha c bn : 3.1. o ha h thng lu tr : o ha h thng lu tr v c bn l s m phng, gi lp vic lu tr t cc loi thit b lu tr vt l. Cc thit b ny c th l bng t, cng hay kt hp c 2 loi. Vic lm ny mang li cc ch li nh vic tng tc kh nng truy xut d liu , do vic phn chia cc tc v c, vit trong mng lu tr. Ngoi ra, vic m phng cc thit b lu tr vt l cho php tit kim thi gian hn thay v phi nh v xem my ch no hot ng trn cng no truy xut. o ha h thng lu tr c 3 dng m hnh sau y : Host-base : trong m hnh ny, ngn cch gia lp o ha v a vt l l driver iu khin ca cc a. Phn mm o ha s truy xut ti nguyn (cc cng vt l ) thng qua s iu khin v truy xut ca lp Driver ny.

Hnh 1. Host-base Storage Virtualization

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 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 Storage-device based : Trong dng ny, phn mm o ha giao tip trc tip vi cng. Ta c th xem nh y l 1 dng firmware c bit, c ci trc tip vo cng. Dng ny cho php truy xut nhanh nht ti cng, nhng cch thit lp thng kh khn v phc tp hn cc m hnh khc. Dch v o ha c cung cp cho cc Server thng qua mt thit b iu khin gi l Primary Storage Controller.

Hnh 2. Storage-device base Storage Virtualzation Network based : Trong m hnh ny, vic o ha s c thc thi trn mt thit b mng, y c th l mt thit b switch hay mt my ch. Cc switch hay my ch ny kt ni vi cc trung tm lu tr (SAN). T cc switch hay server ny, cc ng dng kt ni vo c giao tip vi trung tm d liu bng cc cng m phng do switch hay my ch to ra da trn trung tm d liu tht. y cng l m hnh hay gp nht trn thc t.

Hnh 3. Network based Storage Virtualzation 3.2. o ha h thng mng :

o ha h thng mng l mt tin trnh hp nht ti nguyn,thit b mng c phn cng ln phn mm thnh mt h thng mng o. Sau , cc ti nguyn ny s c phn chia thnh cc channel v gn vi mt my ch hoc mt thit b no . C nhiu Nguyn Hng Minh Page 7

 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 phng php thc hin vic o ha h thng mng.Cc phng php ny ty thuc vo cc thit b h tr, tc l cc nh sn xut thit b , ngoi ra cn ph thuc vo h tng mng sn c, cng nh nh cung cp dch v mng (ISP).Sau y chng ti s gii thiu mt vi m hnh o ha h thng mng: o ha lp mng (Virtualized overlay network): Trong m hnh ny, nhiu h thng mng o s cng tn ti trn mt lp nn ti nguyn dng chung. Cc ti nguyn bao gm cc thit b mng nh router, switch, cc dy truyn dn, NIC (network interface card). Vic thit lp nhiu h thng mng o ny s cho php s trao i thng sut gia cc h thng mng khc nhau, s dng cc giao thc v phng tin truy n ti khc nhau, v d nh mng Internet, h thng PSTN, h thng Voip.

Hnh 3. o ha lp mng (Substrate link : cc lin kt vt l nn tng, Sustrate router : cc router vt l, Virtual link v Substrate router l cc thit b v lin kt c o ha) 3.3. o ha ng dng :

o ha ng dng l mt dng cng ngh o ha khc cho php chng ta tch ri mi lin kt gia ng dng v h iu hnh v cho php phn phi li ng dng ph hp vi nhu cu user. Mt ng dng c o ha s khng c ci t ln my tnh mt cch thng thng, mc d gc ngi s dng, ng dng vn hot ng mt cch bnh thng. Vic qun l vic cp nht ph n mm tr nn d dng hn, gii quyt s ng gia cc ng dng v vic th nghim s tng thch ca chng cng tr nn d dng hn. Hin nay c kh nhiu chng trnh o ha ng dng nh Citrix XenApp, Microsoft Application Virtualization, VMware ThinApp ... vi hai loi cng ngh ch yu sau:

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 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 Application Streaming : ng dng c chia thnh nhiu on m v c truyn sang my ngi s dng khi cn n on m . Cc on m ny thng c ng gi v truyn i di giao thc HTTP, CIFS hoc RTSP.

Hnh 4. M hnh application Streaming ca Citrix Desktop Virtualzation/ Virtual Desktop Infastructure (VDI): ng dng s c ci t v chy trn mt my o. Mt h tng qun l s t ng to ra cc desktop o v cung cp cc desktop o ny n cc i tng s dng. 3.4. o ha h thng my ch : o ha h thng my ch cho php ta c th chy nhiu my o trn mt my ch vt l, em li nhiu li ch nh tng tnh di ng, d dng thit lp vi cc my ch o, gip vic qun l, chia s ti nguyn tt hn, qu n l lung lm vic ph hp vi nhu cu, tng hiu sut lm vic ca mt my ch vt l. Xt v kin trc h thng , cc m hnh o ha h thng my ch c th 2 dng sau : Host- based : Kin trc ny s dng mt lp hypervisor chy trn nn tng h iu hnh, s dng cc dch v c h iu hnh cung cp phn chia ti nguyn ti cc my o. Ta xem hypervisor ny l mt lp phn mm ring bit, do cc h iu hnh khch ca my o s nm trn lp hypervisor ri n h iu hnh ca my ch v cui cng l h thng phn cng.. Mt s h thng hypervisor dng Hosted c th k n nh VMware Server, VMware Workstation, Microsoft Virtual Server

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Hnh 4. Kin trc Host-based Hypervisor-based: hay cn gi l bare-metal hypervisor. Trong kin trc ny, lp phn mm hypervisor chy trc tip trn nn tng phn cng ca my ch, khng thng qua bt k mt h iu hnh hay mt nn tng no khc. Qua , cc hypervisor ny c kh nng iu khin, kim sot phn cng ca my ch. ng thi, n cng c kh nng qun l cc h iu hnh chy trn n. Ni cch khc, cc h iu hnh s nm trn cc hypervisor dng bare-metal ri n h thng phn cng. Mt s v d v cc h thng Bare-metal hypervisor nh l Oracle VM, VMware ESX Server, IBM's POWER Hypervisor, Microsoft's Hyper-V, Citrix XenServer

Hnh 5. Kin trc Hypervisor-based 4. Kin trc mng o : o ha mng bao gm hai thnh phn chnh l o ha lin kt (link) v o ha nt.

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 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 o ha lin kt cho php truyn ti c trn nhiu lin kt o ring bit thng qua mt lin kt vt l chia s. Mt lin kt o thng c xc nh r rng bi mt th tag, nhng cng c th xc nh n hon ton , chng hn bng 1 khe thi gian (time-slot phn chia knh truyn theo nhng khong thi gian khc nhau to thnh cc knh ring) hoc bc sng. C rt nhiu cc cng ngh o ha lin kt chun c sn tron Internet ngy nay (V d: ATM, Ethernet 802.1q, MPLS) c th dng cho mc ch ny. M hnh mng o ha c th hin trong hnh 1.

Hnh 7. M hnh Network Virtualzation cp mng b mt (network substrate) , cc nt ca mng b mt l thit b mng c kh nng h tr nt o bng cng ngh o ha. Mt nt b mt thng cha mt s nt o. Cc nt o l mt yu t trung tm trong kin trc mng o. Khi nim v o ha nt c c th ha , n mc no , bng cc b nh tuyn o (Virtual Router). Mc d vic thc hin cc tng ny trong thc t c mt vi bin th, trong iu kin chung, mt b nh tuyn o c nhiu mc ch (v d : cu hnh, qun l , gim st, x l s c) ging nh mt router vt l chuyn dng. Tuy nhin , trong mi trng hp , mt b nh tuyn no cung cp mt cm gic v s c lp lm vic hn l mt phn cch thc s, v n khng b nh chuyn dng, tin trnh x l v ti nguyn I/O. o ha nt da trn cch ly v phn vng v ti nguyn phn cng. Ti nguyn vt l ca lp substrate (vd: CPU, memory, storage capacity, link bandwidth) c phn vng v phn b trong nhng slice , mi slice c phn b ti cc nt o ty theo nhu cu ci t. Nhng pht trin gn y trong hot ng ca h thng o cho php c nhng tin b ng k v tnh bnh ng v tnh hiu sut. o ha nt b mt hp vi o ha lin kt o cc nt b mt cho php to ra cc mng o c chc nng tng ng mt mng vt l. Mt nt thuc mng nn c mt hoc nhiu cc lin kt vt l do c th ln lt thc hin cc lin kt o trn c s cc lin kt vt l ny. Tng ng mt nt o c mt hoc nhiu lin kt o. V l do m rng cc lin kt o c th c x l theo tp hp hn l x l tng lin kt o. Nguyn Hng Minh Page 11

 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 Mt nt b mt , ngoi vic l im kt thc ca mt lin kt o, n cng c th l thc th trung gian chuyn tip lu lng truyn ti trong cc lin kt o mt cch r rng.

Hnh 8. Cc thnh phn c bn ca o ha mng T quan im xem xt theo chc nng , nt ca mng b mt c th c phn loi trong bn nhm chnh , theo loi chc nng m chng cung cp : Edge nodes : c t ti bin ca mng substrate, ch yu l nhng im nhp mng (PoP = im kt ni do mt nh khai thc dch v s hoc hng lin tng i cung cp cho thu bao ni ht ) ca nh cung cp c s h tng mng. c trng ca nhng nt ny l kt ni vi ngi s dng u cui, hoc l kt ni trc tip hoc l thng qua nh cung cp dch v mng. V tr a l thng l mt thuc tnh quan trng ca loi nt ny. Core VN-capable nodes : nt h tr o ha, ngha l c th lu tr cc nt o v cng c th h tr c lu lng ngoi VN (non-VN). Mt nt core c h tr VN c th c kt ni vi nt bin (edge) , hoc cc nt core khc c h tr VN hoc khng. Core transport nodes : khng h tr o ha nt, l nt core c trng cho truyn ti lu lng. Border nodes : c kt ni vi cc nt Border lng ging nm cc mng khc. Nn c ch rng cc nt c th c nhiu hn mt chc nng. V d nt b trong hnh 4 va l nt core h tr VN , va l nt c chc nng trung chuyn (transport). Trong hnh di biu din kch bn vi hai min mng khc nhau l A v B v c y bn loi nt c miu t trn.

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Hnh 9. Bn loi nt trong VN 5. u nhc im ca vic o ha : 5.1. u im : Vic s dng cng ngh o ha lm gim s lng my ch vt l, gim lng in nng tiu th, tit kim c chi ph cho vic bo tr phn cng, nng cao hiu qu cng vic. Ngoi ra ta cn c th d dng m rng h thng khi c nhu cu, trin khai my ch mi nhanh, tn dng ti nguyn hin c: v mi my o n gin ch l mt tp tin hoc mt th mc, ta c th to ra my ch mi b ng cch sao chp t mt file my ch o hin ti v cu hnh li, chn my ch vt l cn d ti nguyn a my o mi ln. Ta cng c th chuyn cc my o sang mt mi trng cch ly mt cch d dng nn ta c th th nghim chng trnh, nng cp h thng ng dng m khng s nh hng n tnh n nh ca h thng hin ti, ng thi cho php qun tr vin c th s dng cng lc nhiu h iu hnh khc nhau. Vi cng c qun l tp trung vCenter Server, ta s theo di c my ch no ang qu ti, t s p dng chnh sch l tng ti nguyn v CPU, Ram, cng cho my ch o hoc di chuy n my o ang qu ti sang my ch vt l c cu hnh mnh hn, c nhiu ti nguyn nhn ri hn chy. Ton b qu trnh trn c th c thc hin m khng cn phi tt my o . Khi c s c xy ra i vi my o do b virut , li h iu hnh th vic khc phc n gin ch l phc hi li file vmdk ca my o c backup v chy li my o mt cch bnh thng. Khi c s c i vi my ch vt l , th ton b my o trn my vt l s c t ng di chuyn sang my ch vt l khc vi VMware HA, VMware FT. 5.2. Nhc im :

ng lu nht l vn lu tr d liu. Thng thng, mi my o ch s dng mt file vmdk ( file ny c th c chia nh ty theo cch ci t) lu li ton b d liu trong my o v mt s file nh khc lu cu hnh ca my o. Do nu mt Nguyn Hng Minh Page 13

 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 trong s nhng tp tin ny b li hoc b mt m cha c backup th c th xem nh my o b h hon ton v khng th phc hi. Ngoi ra nu my ch c cu hnh phn cng thp nhng li c mt my o s dng qu nhiu ti nguyn hoc chy qu nhiu my o th s lm chm ton b h thng bao gm cc my o v cc ng dng chy trn my o. ng thi do mt hoc vi my ch phi m nhn nhiu my o chy trn n nn nu my ch gp trc trc , s c th cc my o cng s b nh hng theo. Cn gc bo mt, nu hacker nm quyn iu khin mt my ch vt l cha cc my o th hacker c th kim sot c tt c cc my o trong n.

CHNG 2. TM HIU PLANET-LAB

1. Tng quan : Nh ta phn tch, s pht trin ca Internet ph thuc rt ln vo cc th nghim xy dng cc kin trc mng mi , bao gm t vic xy dng topology, cho n cch thc vn hnh mng, cc giao thc chy trong mng, n cc ci tin thit b mng. Tt c cc yu t trn, trc khi c a vo trin khai ng xy dng u phi qua giai on th nghim , nh gi nghim tc & kht khe, m vic ny th rt phc tp cng nh chi ph tn km. Khng th trin khai th nghim trn thc t, n yu cu 1 c s h tng k thut nht nh, cn c ti tr ca mt bn th 3, li phi v mt mc ch no . Nu s dng cc cng c m phng, th th nht l khng trc quan, hn na, kt qu khng phi l m bo, v c rt nhiu yu t trong thc t vn cha th m phng c vi nn tng cng ngh hin ti. PlanetLab ra i chnh l gii php hiu qu rt ngn khong cch gia th nghim & trin khai, to mi trng thc nghim trc quan. Xut t tng ca gio s n nay, cc trng i hc khp ni trn th gii cng cc t chc nghin cu ca cc tp on, cng ty nh HP, Intel, Google, Oracle, Microsoft lin kt li vi nhau thnh lp PlanetLab (www.planet-lab.org) , mt mng li th nghim ton cu chuyn pht minh v kim tra cc mu ng dng v dch v Internet. PlanetLab chnh l h thng c s h tng phn tn, chnh l nn tng chy cc dch v lu di, l mi trng thc nghim cho cc m hnh th nghim mng, cho cc nghin cu trn h thng phn tn v cc dch v mng mi.

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 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 Hin c 2 mng PlanetLab chnh trn th gii l : PlanetLab original ca US : planet-lab.org PlanetLab Europe ca chu u : onelab.eu 2. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin : Khi nim Planet Lab c sinh ra khi cc nh nghin cu ca tp on Intel tp hp 1 nhm cc nh nghin cu hng u trong lnh vc mng v h thng phn phi tho lun v cc quan h mt thit ca 1 loi hnh cc ng dng v dch v trn mng Internet mi v ang pht trin. Loi hnh dch v mi ny c thit k hot ng nh l cc mng che ph pht trin nh mt phng thc to ra thm nhng kh nng mi cho mng Internet. Thng 3 nm 2002 Larry Peterson (Princeton) v David Culler (UC Berkeley v Intel Research) t chc mt cuc hp kn ca cc nh nghin cu quan tm n dch v mng quy m hnh tinh, v xut PlanetLab nh l 1 th nghim. Hi ngh thu ht 30 nh nghin cu t MIT, Washinton , Rice, Berkeley, Princeton, Columbia, Duke, CMU, v Utah. David Tennenhouse (Intel Research) ng h cho d n 100 my PlanetLab chnh thc bt u pht trin. Hin nay, PlanetLab c node,ti site tham gia vo h thng v ang t ra hot ng c hiu qu. Trung tm iu khin PlanetLab c t ti i hc Princeton , Berkeley, Califonia . Gim c l Larry Peterson. Chi tit hn ti http://www.planetlab.org/consortium. 3. Tc ng ca PlanetLab : Planet Lab thnh mt nn tng v gi cho vic hc tp v nghin cu v cc hin tng trn mng din rng, to ra cc giao thc mng mi, nh gi cc dch v mng hin hnh v cc dch v mng li , c thm nhiu kinh nghim v cc h thng mng ang chy trn mng din rng, v cui cng , trin khai cc dch v mng mi ci thin kh nng ca internet ton cu. Tc ng trong nghin cu : PlanetLab l cng c thit yu cho nghin cu mng v cc h thng phn tn. Cc nh nghin cu m yu cu h thng hay giao thc ca h c trin khai trn mng internet thc t c th s dng PlanetLab chng minh cc thit k ca h c th trin khai c. Tc ng trong ging dy : Nguyn Hng Minh Page 15

 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 PlanetLab c trn 4700 ngi dng trong sut 6 nm pht trin ca mnh, trong s c 3700 l sinh vin. Mc d s sinh vin ny l lm vic cng vi nhng nh nghin cu ca h hoc l lm vic c lp th nhng kinh nghim ca h v mng din rng thng qua PlanetLab l rt qu bu, h hc c cch i ph vi nhng tht bi tm thi, cc s thay i trong tr v bng thng, trong kt ni hay trong s lm dng gy ra bi ngi dng thc t l nhng iu m h khng c c khi ch s dng cc chng trnh m phng. 4. Cc thnh phn kin trc dng trong h thng : Site : l mt v tr vt l ni m cc nt PlanetLab c t (vd: i hc Princeton) Node : l 1 my vt l c dnh ring phc v cc thnh phn ca dch v m trin khai trn h thng PlanetLab. Slice (Virtual Network): slice l tp hp cc ti nguyn phn tn c phn b cho User thng qua PlanetLab. Vi hu ht User, mt slice truy cp ti cc nt thng qua cng c UNIX shell. PI s to ra slice v phn b n ti ngi dng , ngi dng s gn cc nt ti slice c cp pht , mt slice c thi gian tn ti nht nh v th theo di tnh trng ca slice v cn lm mi slice nh k. Sliver (Virtual Node) : mi nt vt l gm nhiu my o, mi my o trn my vt l c gi l Sliver. Virtual Server (VServer) : mi nt c o ha thnh cc Sliver nh LinuxVServer . Mt Sliver l mt VServer . Slice gm cc Sliver trn cc nt khc nhau. Cc phin kt ni mng ca nt c phn tch v o ha nh VNET. Principal Investigator (PI) : PI c trch nhim qun l slice v ngi dng ti mi site , PI c trch nhim qun l hnh vi ca slice trong site ca mnh. Thng thng mi site c mt PI duy nht (Thng l 1 thnh vin ging dy to mt trng i hc m qun l d n ang nghin cu ca 1 t chc) Cc PI c trch nhim gim st tt c cc slice m h thay mt ngi dng to ra trn site ca h . PI c th cho php , khng cho php hay xa 1 ti khon ngi dng, c th to cc slice , xa slice , gn ngi dng ti slice , phn b ti nguyn ti slicePI chu trch nhim duy tr ti nguyn vt l ti site h qun l. User : mt ngi tham gia c 1 tn ti khon v mt khu ng nhp PL Central (PLC) qua giao din web. Tn ti khon lun l 1 a ch email. Mi ti khon c th mt hay nhiu quyn (role) sau : PI (nh ni trn) Technical Contact (Tech Contact) . User vi quyn PI chu trch nhim ci t , vn hnh cc nt trong site , v ngi dng n thun, l ngi dng thuc 1s slice no , c ci t v s dng cc ng dng trong slice ca mnh. Nguyn Hng Minh Page 16

 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 5. Mi quan h tin cy gia cc thc th trong h thng : H thng PlanetLab c chia thnh ba thc th ring bit l Owner , User, v PLC. Hnh 2 m t mi quan h gia 3 thnh phn .

Hnh 2. Quan h trong PlanetLab Owner l mt t chc m l ngi s hu cc nt PlanetLab. Mi owner vn gi c quyn iu khin cao nht ti nt ca h , nhng h tin tng PLC l qun l trung gian tin cy . PLC cung cp 1 c ch cho php Owner bit c tnh trng ngun ti nguyn c cp pht trn cc nt ca mnh. PLC l mt trung gian tin cy trong vic thay mt cho ch s hu nt qun l nt , v to ra cc slice trn cc nt (tc l c quyn cho mt nt vo mt slice no ) trn danh ngha ca User. Hnh 3 minh ha mi quan h tin cy gia 3 thnh phn trong h thng PlanetLab l ch s hu (Owner) ngi dng h thng (User) v trung gian PLC .

Hnh 3. S quan h gia cc thc th. Cc quan h tin cy ny gm : 1) PLC vi ngi dng h thng : PLC pht hnh cc quyn cho ngi dng truy cp ti slice . iu ny c ngha l ngi dng phi thuyt phc tha ng c PLC nhn dng. 2) User vi PLC : User c quyn to ra slice trn PLC v thc hin cc quyn c PLC cp pht , c ngha l ngi dng c quyn sa i phn mm hay bt k ci g ang chy trn slice ca n.

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 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 3) Owner vi PLC : Owner giao ph cho PLC thit lp ngi dng , ci t phn mm m c th nh x hot ng mng ca ngi dng trn slice ca h ti ng slice tng ng . Phn mm ny phi c lm vic c lp vi ti nguyn slice v c gii hn / hn ch cc quyn ca n. 4) PLC vi Owner : PLC giao trch nhim cho Owner qun l v gi an ton cc nt vt l. PLC cng xc nhn rng mi nt m n qun l thc t thuc v ch s hu m n c nhng tha thun v chia s ti nguyn Ta c th thy, PLC c hai nhim v chnh , l thay mt Owner qun l tp hp cc nt v n cng thay mt User to cc slice. Do , ta c th phn PLC thnh MA (Management Authority) v SA (Slice Authority). R rng vic tch PLC thnh hai thc th c lp cho php ta thy c vai tr c bit ca tng thc th.

5) h tr kim tra , mi MA (gin tip, i din cho cc Owner) giao cho SA nh x slice ti user. Owner c th chn mt Ma khc nu n cm thy khng tin cy MA hin ti. 6) Mi SA (gin tip, i din cho cc User) c th tin cy duy nht mt MA nht nh cung cp cho n quyn lm vic trn cc my o.

Hnh 4. Kin trc h thng PlanetLab Vi m hnh ny, cc kin trc bo mt s bao gm cc c ch di y :

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 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 u tin, mi nt c khi ng t 1 file h thng khng i, v np vo mt chng trnh qun l. Tip theo s to ra mt kha cng khai cho PLC v mt kha ring b mt cho nt. y gi thit rng ch s hu nt bo mt tuyt i cc kha ring trn nt h qun l. Cc nt lin lc vi my ch khi ng PLC , vic lin lc ny c qu trnh xc thc bng cp kha trn. Xc thc thnh cng cng c ngha l quan h trust relationships (4) hon tt. Th hai, ngi s dng trong site c php to ti khon v ti ln cc kha ring ca h, PLC sau thay mt ngi dng ci t cc kha ny trong bt k slice no c to t mt tp hp my o, cho php ngi dng truy cp ti cc my o thng qua SSH. Hin ti PLC y quyn cho mt ti khon ngi dng qun tr ti mi site qun l cc ngi dng, c tn nhim m bo s tin tng vi nhng ngi dng thng thng. Th 3, PLC chy mt dch v qun l c kh nng ghi li thng tin v tt c cc gi tin khi n i ra t nt. Dch v ny c cng khai trn mi nt thng qua mt giao din web . Do ,bt k mt hnh vi no gy nh hng ti h thng c th b pht hin. 6. Kin trc nt PlanetLab: Nt PlanetLab l mt my vt l thuc site c kh nng lu tr nhiu my o, mi nt c phn bit bng ID ring (id_node) t c th xc nh c site cha nt, a ch IP hin hnh ca nt , a ch MACCc thuc tnh ny c th thay i theo thi gian , iu ny cho php nt c th nng cp phn cng , hoc ton b, hoc tng b phn ring l. Nt PlanetLab c nhim v chnh l c lp slice v kim tra trng thi hot ng ca cc slice trn n. Hnh 6 m t kin trc ca 1 node PlanetLab :

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 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 Hnh 6. Kin trc nt PlanetLab Tng ng cc thnh phn : NM (Node Manager) : l mt chng trnh chy trn mi nt m to ra cc my o trn cc nt , v iu kin vic phn b ti nguyn cho cc my o. Tt c cc hot ng m nhm iu khin cc my o trn mi nt c thc hin thng qua NM. y, c mt nh x mt - mt gia nt v Node Manager. PlanetFlow : ghi li cc hot ng mng m c gi ra ngoi t tt c cc nt. Slicestat : cung cp thng tin v ti nguyn hot ng ca slice trn nt. VNET : da trn h thng ca Netfilter system kt hp cc gi tin IP i vo v i ra ca cng mt cu trc kt ni, gim st gi tin chnh l nhim v chnh ca VNET. VNET m bo rng cc slice ch gi v nhn cc gi tin trn cc kt ni ring ca tng slice , qua m bo tnh c lp , ca cc slice . VNET h tr cc giao thc TCP, UDP, ICMP, GRE, PPTP.

Hnh 7. Cc thnh phn trong mt nt PlanetLab 7. Kin trc Slice : Slice chnh l tp hp cc nt o trn mng din rng m ngi dng tham gia h thng s trin khai ng dng ca h. Ni cch khc , slice chnh l mt mng o. Mi slice s c mt hoc nhiu ngi dng ty thuc vo PI, tt c hot ng trn slice c quyt nh bi ngi dng slice , v tt nhin l hon ton c lp vi slice ca ngi dng khc.

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 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 Khi slice c to ra v c PI cp quyn , mt ti khon tng ng vi tn slice c sinh ra trn nt tng ng thuc slice , ngi dng truy cp quyn vi ti khon slice ny thng qua c ch SSH. C th : Khi slice c gn cho ngi dng c th, n s t update thng tin v ngi dng cng nh kha public ca ngi dng vo c s d liu ca mnh. User giao tip vi slice thng qua cp kha (public v private) ca h, kha public l c thng bo trc cho slice . Vic giao tip thng qua SSH chnh l c ch bo mt gia User v slice, s an ton ca slice ph thuc vo s an ton ca kha private User. Trong cng mt tp hp nt , s lng slice c to ra ph thuc vo site . Site cho php mt s lng slice lm vic trn , ph thuc vo PI. Cc hnh v sau minh ha vic to cc slice khc nhau trn cng mt tp hp nt.

Hnh 8. Cc nt c th thm vo slice

Hnh 9. Slice A cho ngi dng A

Hnh 10. Slice B cho ngi dng B 8. Kin trc phn mm MyPLC : MyPLC l mt phn mm c y tnh nng ca PLC (PlanetLab Central l thc th quan trng trong h thng PlanetLab) c ci t trn my tnh ring (Host System). Mc nh , nhng thnh phn ct li PLC s c ci t trong gi phn mm bao gm mt web server, mt boot server, mt API Server v mt Database Server . Boot Server v Web Server s giao tip vi API server thng qua giao thc HTTP/HTTPS v XMLRPC (l giao thc gi t xa s dng XML m ha v trao i d liu trn nn giao Nguyn Hng Minh Page 21

 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 thc HTTP) . Tt c s c ci t thng qua mt gi MyPLC . Kin trc phn mm v h thng c minh ha nh hnh bn di.

Hnh 11. Kin trc phn mm MyPLC

CHNG 3. TRIN KHAI TH NGHIM MNG PLANETLAB THU NH

1. Thnh phn ca h thng: H thng s c y cc thnh phn c bn ca m hnh PlanetLab trn mng din rng. Bao gm mt my trung tm PLC ci t MyPLC, mt s cc Node, v User tham gia h thng. Do , m hnh h thng c thit k nh hnh di y:

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1.1.

My trung tm:

My trung tm c vai tr nh my PLC (PlanetLab Central) ca h thng PlanetLab trn mng Internet. Trong h thng, n c ci t phn mm MyPLC trn h iu hnh Fedora 14. Ngoi ra, cung cp cch thc truy cp t xa, v cu hnh thun tin, chng ta ci t thm proxmox trn my ny. 1.2. Tp hp cc node :

H thng c thit k gm 4 my ng vai tr nh l cc nt trong Planetlab, cc my ny c ci phn mm cho node (node manager). Sau khi ci t, node s c qun l t xa thng qua ssh. 1.3. User h thng :

H thng bc u to ra cc ngi dng, l nhng ngi s dng my tnh c nhn tham gia vo h thng vi quyn v ti khon c PI cho php. 2. Cc bc trin khai : 2.1. Yu cu h thng : Mt Host System ci Fedora 14 (c ghi CD) Cc my client (4 my) trn 412M RAM,hn 50G HDD. 4 a CD-RW Nguyn Hng Minh Page 23

 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 Gia cc my khng b chn bi firewall hay IDS. Cc my phi c a ch IP tnh thuc cng h thng mng local (192.168.21.x) Ci t h iu hnh Fedora 14 cho my trung tm, ch cu hnh a ch tnh cho my trung tm (192.168.21.11) 2.2. Dng DNS: Ta s dng DNS tch hp sn trong PLC , to ra table map nh sau : 192.168.21.12 192.168.21.13 192.168.21.14 192.168.21.15 192.168.21.11 2.3. node1.onelab.net node2.onelab.net node3.onelab.net node4.onelab.net central.onelab.net

Ci t mi trng Proxmox trn my trung tm & cc node:

cung cp mi trng o ha cho h thng mng, vi cc tnh nng remote access , cng nh qun l thng qua giao din web, ta s ci t mi trng proxmox cho cc my trong h thng mng xy dng. Bn c th ln trang ch ca nh cung cp , download file ISO ci t ca chng trnh vi nhiu phin bn, burn ra a CD, hoc boot qua USB, ci t phn mm ny vo my. y chng ta s dng phin bn Proxmox 1.9. Download file ISO ca chng trnh link : http://www.proxmox.com/downloads/proxmox-ve/iso-images/132-proxmox-ve-1.9 Tip theo, tin hnh Burn ra a CD, c th dng phn mm ltraISO.Sau khi burn ra a CD ci t, ta cho vo a ca my cn ci t & ch h thng t ng boot chng trnh chy.

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n y, chng ta nhp vo t bn phm cc thng s sau : linux ext4 maxroot=25 swapsize=8 Vi ngha, ci t trn phn vng ext4, vi dung lng cp pht ti a s dng l 25Gb, dung lng swap ti a l 8Gb n y, qu trnh ci t din ra t ng, ta s chuyn n bc cu hnh cc thng s cho qu trnh ci t. Bao gm password , username cho admin & cc cu hnh Network Configuration: Host name, IP, Network address, gateway, DNS Server

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Sau khi qu trnh qu trnh t thnh cng (tn khong 30 pht) bn khi ng li my v ng nhp vo vi ti khong v password khai bo trong qu trnh ci t : Username : root Password: *******

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 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 Sau khi ci t xong, bn cn update li system:

Lc ny trn mt my remote admin, thuc cng di mng, c th truy cp vo my ci t mi trng proxmox, thng qua giao din web vi a ch IP ca my .

Giao din sau khi ng nhp thnh cng :

2.4.

Ci t trn my trung tm :

Truy cp t xa v thc thi qua giao din web t my remote admin. Cng vic c th l ci t & cu hnh MyPLC trn my trung tm. Nguyn Hng Minh Page 27

 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 u tin cn tt SELINUX, l h thng kim sot bo mt cho linux, s cn tr vic ci t MyPLC. Ta sa file /etc/selinux/config thnh SELINUX=disabled. Tip theo chun b repo v cc gi: Vi trng hp ci t ln u, cn tr ti kho ci t MyPLC ca chu u: http://build.onelab.eu. Bng cch thm vo u file /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora ni dng sau:

Fedora lu li cc gi sau khi download v ci t : chnh /etc/yum.conf : keepcache=1. Th mc cha cache packages : /var/cache/yum/. Sao lu th mc ny phc v cc ln ci t sau. Vi trng hp khi c cc gi ci t PLC: S dng repo cc b: khi ci t , yum s tm kim packages trong th mc cc b (/var/www/html/yum) trc khi tm kim trn mng. Copy cc gi ci t cn thit vo th mc /var/www/html/yum To repo cc b : Thm vo u file /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora ni dung sau :

Khi ng dch v http: Tip theo ta ci t v cu hnh MyPLC: Ci t MyPLC: Cu hnh MyPLC :

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 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 n phm u chnh cc thng s:

n w ghi li cc thay i vo file config n r khi ng li MyPLC n R MyPLC np cc thay i trong file config. Khi ng li dch v MyPLC:

Start/stop the PLC services:

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 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 Kim tra MyPLC ci t OK cha: Vo a ch : https://central.onelab.net (https://192.168.21.11 ) v ng nhp bng ti khon root thit lp trn.(root@onelab.net/root). Giao din thnh cng s nh bn di.

2.5. Ci t trn cc node : 2.5.1. Chun b : 4 my s dng lm cc node, ghi li a ch MAC , IP, Gateway ca cc my ny. Cc tham s ca cc my nh sau : node Node1 Node2 Node3 Node4 MAC 00:25:B3:D0:0F:90 18:A9:05:25:C0:C4 00:25:B3:D0:0F:90 18:A9:05:25:C0:C4 IP 192.168.21.12 192.168.21.13 192.168.21.14 192.168.21.15 Gateway 192.168.21.1 192.168.21.1 192.168.21.1 192.168.21.1

2.5.2. To Site vi quyn PI : Nguyn Hng Minh Page 30

 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 Site mc nh (PL- to ra trong qu trnh ci t plc) l dnh ring cho h thng. V vy, cn to ra site mi, ng thi to ra mt account vi quyn role= PI cho site ny : Khi cha login , chn File a site registration in tn account ngi dng mi v site mi: User = fedora@gmail.com ; pass = fedora ; role = user,PI Site = bk \ng nhp bng ti khon admin (user= root@onelab.net / root) Vo Pending requests Approved. T nay, account ny (fedora@gmail.com) s l ngi qun l cc slice v user khc.

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2.5.3. Ci t trn cc node : ng nhp account PI (fedora@gmail.com/fedora) Vo My Site Add node , ln lt thm 4 node vo CSDL : Node1.onelab.net Node2.onelab.net Node3.onelab.net Nguyn Hng Minh Page 32

 n Thit k h thng Mng-2012 Node4.onelab.net Vi mi node : add new interface , in y thng s nh hnh di y : DNS 1: thng tr ti my ch MyPLC (192.168.21.11) DNS 2: my ch DNS Google.

Vi mi node, trong phn Detail : Mc Preferred Boot state chn Reinstall Vo Download chn download ISO image Download file ISO v v upload ln h thng thng qua cng c proxmox. Tin hnh ci t t file ISO trn tng node.

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2.6.

S dng h thng :

H thng tng tc vi user h thng thng qua hai ch lm vic dng lnh vi cng c plcsh bng cch s dng 1 shell linux ca my ngi dng hoc thng qua mt giao din web ti a ch local (http://central.onelab.net ) bit thm v ch lm vic vi dng lnh, xem chi tip ti liu PlanetLab Central API Documentation. y, chng ta ch trnh by tng tc thng qua giao din web. Cc th mc quan trng trn h thng : /etc/planetlab : th mc cha cc file cu hnh h thng, cc kha. /var/lib/ppgsql : th mc cha cc tp tin ni dung ca c s d liu PostgreSQL /var/www/html/alpine-logs : th mc ghi li qu trnh boot trn cc node, rt thun tin tm li khi vic khi ng hay ci t cc node xut hin li. /var/www/html/download : th mc cha cc tp tin qun l Boot. /var/www/html/install-rpms : th mc cha file nng cp cho node h thng. 2.6.2. To User : 2.6.1. to user account mi, vo https://central.onelab.net v click vo Create an accout. Sau khi mt ngi dng mi c to trong h thng, mun ti khon ngi dng c hiu lc, ta thc hin ng nhp vi quyn PI v chp nhn ngi dng ny vo h thng. Ch : Mc nh th site to ra trong qu trnh ci t MyPLC khng cho php chn site ny cho ngi dng mi. lm vic ny, chng ta phi chnh sa trong c s d liu trong MyPLC hoc to ra mt site mi khc site hin ti. cho php user mi c thm vo site, chng ta chnh sa trong database ca postgresql nh sau : Dng plcsh s dng phng thc UpdateSites(): Nguyn Hng Minh Page 34

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(bk l tn cu hnh PLC_SHORTNAME phn trn) Mc ch ca vic ny l chnh sa gi tr mc nh thng s is_public ca bng site thnh true. Cn vic to mt site mi khc site mc nh, gi tr ny l true v khng phi chnh sa. Khi 1 ti khon User c to, chng ta nn login vo ti khon upload mt key SSH. Trong phn cu hnh ti khon tm mc upload key ssh trong ~/.ssh/id_rsa(upload key public). to 1 cp key SSH (public & private) chng ta dng lnh:

Chng ta s s dng key private ny login vo slice vi ssh sau ny. 2.6.3. To Slice : ng nhp vo https://central.onelab.net bng ti khon fedora@gmail.com v click vo mc Create Slice in cc thng s cho slice. ( y ta to ra 2 slice tn l Ctes_slice1 v bk_clice1) Thm ngi dng vo slice c to: mc cu hnh slice trn chng ta thm 2 ngi dng trong h thng l user1 vi key ssh l id_rsa v fedora vi key ssh l fedora.rsa. Khi thc hin thm ngi dng vo slice, key public ca ngi dng tng ng cng c thm vo slice. Thm node vo slice c to: trong khi cu hnh slice, danh sch cc node c th thm vo slice s c hin th. User s thc hin thm cc node ny vo slice ty theo nhu cu lm vic. Trong mc Add Node, chng ta s ln lt to ra 4 node. By gi, Slice Ctes_slice1 v bk_slice1 c 2 user & 4 node.

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Chng 4. KT LUN & NH GI KT QU

1. Kt qu t c : V c bn n hon thnh, v thc hin c nhng mc tiu c bn ra. V l thuyt : Tm hiu cng ngh o ha mng. Tm hiu kin trc PlanetLab Tm hiu cc thnh phn, chc nng ca tng thnh phn trong h thng mng PlanetLab Tm hiu quy trnh trin khai mt mng o ha vi quy m local. Bn cnh , em nm bt thm mt s kin thc lin quan n cc thit b trin khai trong h thng mng. Nhng vn hay gp trong khi trin khai h thng mng trong thc t. V thc nghim : Trin khai thnh cng mng PlanetLab quy m nh trong phm vi cc b.

2. Hn ch : Cha trin khai c mt ng dng trn h thng mng va xy dng, kim tra hot ng ca h thng mng . 3. Hng pht trin ti: Trin khai mt ng dng trn h thng mng trn, nh gi hot ng ca h thng mng. Tin hnh trin khai xy dng h thng mng PlanetLab c quy m ln hn, trong phm vi mng din rng. Kt ni gia cc trng i hc vi mc ch trao i, hp tc, nghin cu khoa hc.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. http://www.planet-lab.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlanetLab http://www.planet-lab.eu/ http://www.onelab.eu/index.php/testbeds/onelab-testbeds/planetlab-europe.html http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=956995 http://sword.cs.williams.edu/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_network http://www.vmware.com/support/ws55/doc/ws_net.html http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc720355(v=ws.10).aspx

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