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TRNG I HC M - A CHT KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN B MN TIN HC TRC A

C S VIN THM
BI TP
ti: Thc hnh phn loi thng tin trn t liu nh vin thm trong
ENVI.

SV thc hnh: Nguyn Vit Qun. Lp tin hc trc a K51

Gio vin hng dn: TS. Nguyn Th Mai Dung

H NI - NM 2010

MC LC
I. PHN LOI THNG TIN TRN T LIU NH VIN THM........................3
I.1. Phn loi khng kim nh Isodata v K-Means...........................................................................3 I.2. Phn loi c kim nh.................................................................................................................15

II. K THUT HU PHN LOI.............................................................................25


II.1. Lc loi nhiu kt qu phn loi ( Majority/Minority Analysis).................................................25 II.2. Gp lp Combine Classes.......................................................................................................26 II.3. Thng k kt qu Class Statistics............................................................................................27 II.4. Thay i tn v mu cho cc lp phn loi Class Color Mapping...........................................29 II.5. Chuyn kt qu phn loi sang dng vectClassification to Vector Layer...............................29 II.6. Chng lp vect ln nh Overlay Vector File..........................................................................30 II.7. Kim tra thc a v nh gi cht lng phn loi...................................................................31

I. PHN LOI THNG TIN TRN T LIU NH VIN THM I.1. Phn loi khng kim nh Isodata v K-Means
Khi ng phn phn loi khng kim nh ca ENVI bng cch chn Classification > Unsupervised > Method, y Method hoc l K-Means hoc Isodata.

Hnh : Menu phn loi khng kim nh Phng php phn loi khng kim nh ch yu dng vo mc ch da vo nh phn loi ny i kho st la chn khu vc ly mu phn loi c kim nh I.1.1. Phng php phn loi Isodata Phng php phn loi Isodata s tnh ton cch thc phn lp trong khng gian d liu, sau nhm i nhm li cc pixel bng k thut khong cch ti thiu (minimum distance). Mi ln nhm li cc lp ny s tnh ton li cch thc phn lp v phn loi li cc pixel theo cch thc phn lp mi. Qu trnh ny s tip tc lp i lp li n khi s cc pixel trong mi lp nh hn ngng thay i pixel chn hoc t ti a s ln lp i lp li . Chn File nh cn phn loi bldr_tm (nh c nn chnh hnh hc phn nn nh).

nh cn phn loi

Trn menu chnh ca ENVI chn Classification > Unsupervised > Isodata. Hp thoi hin ra cn thit lp cc tham s sau trong hp thoi.

Hnh: Hp thoi phn loi theo phng php Isodata Number of classes: Chn s lp ti thiu min v ti a max phn loi. Maximum Iterations: S ln tnh ton lp li ti a. Vic phn loi s dng li khi t ti s ln lp ti a a ra. Change Threshold: Ngng thay i sau mi ln tnh ton lp li. Vic phn loi cng s dng li khi sau mi ln tnh lp li, s phn trm bin ng ca cc lp nh hn ngng bin ng c xc nh. Minimum pixel in class: S pixel nh nht c th c ca mt lp. Maximum class Stdv: Ngng lch chun ti a ca mt lp. Nu lch chun ca mt lp ln hn ngng ny th lp s b chia ra lm hai. Minimum class Distance: Khong cch ti thiu gia cc gi tr trung bnh ca cc lp. Nu khong cch gia cc gi tr trung bnh ca cc lp nh hn gi tr nhp vo th cc lp s c gp vo. Maximum Merge Pairs: S cc cp lp ti a c th c gp. Maximum Stdev From Mean: Khong cch lch chun ti a t gi tr trung bnh ca lp. Maximum Distance Error: Khong sai s ti a cho php xung quanh gi tr trung bnh ca lp.

Ti Output Result to tch chn ghi lu theo file d liu hoc bm chn Memory. Nhp OK. Ta thu c kt qu. Chn cc tham s trong hp thoi trn so snh. c th so snh mt cch chnh xc v hiu qu ca vic chn la cc tham s th ta s dng trn cng mt nh, l nh c nn bi tp trc.

nh gc cha phn loi dng so snh. Khi chn la cc tham s nht nh th cc tham s khc mc nh theo chng trnh d quan st v nhn xt.

Chn tham s:Number of classes .

Quan st trn nh phn loi ta S lp phn loi l 7 nhiu hn S lp phn loi y l 12. thy nh c phn ra thnh 3 trng hp bn, v chnh xc nhiu ln rt nhiu so vi 2 lp. y chnh xc v tng ln. Mc phn loi trng hp kia. Nhng mc thng tin phn loi c chnh chi tit ln. xc km. chia nh ra rt nhiu lm cho kh nng quan st s khc bit

l rt kh khn. Nhn xt chung: Cng vic la chn tham s phn chia nh sau khi phn loi ra lm bao nhiu lp l rt cn thit. Tuy l vic chn la lp l do chng trnh t ng chn theo ngng nht nh nhng ta cn chn s lp ti thiu v ti a chng trnh phn chia cho ph hp nht. Trnh tnh trng s lp qu t hoc qu nhiu s lm nh hng n kh nng phn chia vng trn nh sau khi phn loi. Ta nn chn cho ph hp nht. Chn tham s: Maximum Iterations

Cng vic tin hnh lp l hai Vic gp cc im pixel c S ln lp l 5 ln, nh sau khi ln mc tnh ton gp cc lp li 3 ln ta quan st phn phn loi c mc phn chia pixel li thc thi 2 ln c chia chi tit trn nh nhiu hn chi tit hn so vi 2 trng phn chia cc vng khc nhau so vi s ln lp l 2. mc trung bnh. hp bn nhng so vi s ln lp l 3 cng khng khc l

my. T 3 trng hp trn ta c nhn xt: Vic chn la s ln lp s quyt nh vic gp cc im pixel mc nh th no. S ln tnh ton li cng nhiu th mc gp cng chnh xc nhng n mt mc no s dng li. V vy ta cn xc nh s ln lp cho hiu qu cho vic tnh ton lp c nhanh chng v khng lm mt hiu qu ca vic phn loi.

Chn tham s: Change Threshold

Vic phn loi s dng li khi Vic phn loi s dng li khi Vic phn loi s dng li khi sau mi ln tnh lp li, s phn sau mi ln tnh lp li, s phn sau mi ln tnh lp li, s trm bin ng ca cc lp nh trm bin ng ca cc lp nh phn trm bin ng ca cc hn ngng bin ng l 10%. hn ngng bin ng l 15%. lp nh hn ngng bin ng l 20%. Chn la tham s ngng thay i sau mi ln tnh lp s quyt nh vic tnh lp c tip tc hay dng li. Khi ta chn ngng thay i qu ln th vic phn loi s khng t c kt qu, vic tnh lp s dng li. Ta nn chn ngng thay i va phi vi mc ch cn s dng, thng thng l di 20%.

Chn tham s: Minimum pixel in class

S pixel nh nht c th c ca S pixel nh nht c th c ca S pixel nh nht c th c ca mt lp l 100 pixel. Chng mt lp l 200 pixel. Chng mt lp l 500 pixel. Chng trnh s cn c vo c im trnh s cn c vo c im ny trnh s cn c vo c im ny chia lp vi iu kin l chia lp vi iu kin l lp ny chia lp vi iu kin l lp ny phi c s pixel nh ny phi c s pixel nh nht l lp ny phi c s pixel nh nht l 100 pixel. 100 pixel. nht l 100 pixel. Vic chn la tham s ny c th gip ta cho ra kt qu tm nh c tnh phn chia nh nu ta chn s pixel nh nht c th c ca mt lp l nh, cn nu ngc li th trn tm nh kt qu c th l mt vng ng nht rng theo mc ta chn. Nhn 3 tm nh kt qu khng c s thay i nhiu, do s im pixel nhiu v s lp phn chia t. Mun c s thay i r rt th ta chn s im pixel nh nht ln v s lp nhiu.

Chn tham s: Maximum class Stdv

Ngng lch chun ti a Ngng lch chun ti a ca Ngng lch chun ti a ca mt lp l 10. Nu lch mt lp l 100. Nu lch ca mt lp l 1000. Nu chun ca mt lp ln hn chun ca mt lp ln hn lch chun ca mt lp ln hn ngng ny th lp s b chia ngng ny th lp s b chia ngng ny th lp s b ra lm hai. V li c gp vi ra lm hai. V li c gp vi chia ra lm hai. V li c lp khc. lp khc. gp vi lp khc. Ta quan st 3 nh kt qu trn khng c s thay i nhiu. Chng t ngng lch chun ca mt lp trong cc nh l nh cho nn khi thay i ngng tng ln khng c s thay i nhiu. Vic chn tham s ny s gip ta c nh kt qu c ngng lch chun ca mt lp khng ln hn tham s m ta la chn cho chng trnh.

Chn tham s: Minimum class Distance

Khong cch ti thiu gia cc Khong cch ti thiu gia cc Khong cch ti thiu gia cc gi tr trung bnh ca cc lp l gi tr trung bnh ca cc lp l gi tr trung bnh ca cc lp l 50. Nu khong cch gia cc 200. Nu khong cch gia cc 500. Nu khong cch gia cc gi tr trung bnh ca cc lp gi tr trung bnh ca cc lp nh gi tr trung bnh ca cc lp nh hn gi tr nhp vo th cc hn gi tr nhp vo th cc lp nh hn gi tr nhp vo th lp s c gp vo. s c gp vo. cc lp s c gp vo. Ta quan st 3 nh kt qu trn khng c s thay i nhiu. Chng t khong cch ti thiu gia cc gi tr trung bnh ca cc lp trong nhng nh l nh cho nn khi thay i khong cch ti thiu tng ln khng c s thay i nhiu. Vic chn tham s ny s gip ta c nh kt qu c khong cch ti thiu gia cc gi tr trung bnh ca cc lp khng ln hn tham s m ta la chn cho chng trnh. Mun thy c s thay i th ta chn phn loi thnh nhiu lp v khong cch ti thiu l nh.

Chn tham s: Maximum Merge Pairs: S cc cp lp ti a c th c gp. Khi khong cch ti thiu gia cc gi tr trung bnh ca cc lp nh hn khong gi tr ta chn th s gp li v tham s

ny quyt nh xem ti a c bao nhiu cng tha tnh cht c gp. c th pht huy tnh nng ny ta ln chn s ln lp ln hn 1. Maximum Stdev From Mean: Khong cch lch chun ti a t gi tr trung bnh ca Maximum Distance Error: Khong sai s ti a cho php xung quanh gi tr trung bnh ca lp. y l tham s cho php lch chun ti a ca gi tr trung bnh ca lp. lp. Cc pixel trong mt lp phi tha mn tham s ny c ngha l c sai s so vi gi tr trung bnh ca lp khng vt qu tham s ny.

Khong sai s ti a cho php Khong sai s ti a cho php Khong sai s ti a cho php xung quanh gi tr trung bnh xung quanh gi tr trung bnh ca xung quanh gi tr trung bnh ca lp l 10, gi tr tham s lp l 20, gi tr tham s ny ca lp l 50, gi tr tham s ny nh qu v vy m cc pixel ln hn trng hp bn nhng ny phn loi tt c cc tha mn iu kin ny t, chnh vn nh chnh v vy vn cn im pixel trn nh, ta cn v vy m trn nh phn loi nhiu pixel cha c gn vo chn tham s ny khng c hu ht cc pixel thuc lp lp no c. khng xc nh. nh qu.

I.1.2. Phng php phn loi K-Means Phn loi khng kim nh dng cc k thut thng k nhm d liu n chiu thnh cc lp ph t nhin. Phn loi khng kim nh theo phng php K-Means s dng cch phn tch nhm, yu cu ngi phn tch phi chn s nhm cn t trong d liu, ty t s cc nhm v xc nh li v tr ca chng lp i lp li n khi t c s phn chia ti u cc lp ph. Trn menu chnh ca ENVI chn Classification > Unsupervised > K-Means. Hp thoi hin ra cn thit lp cc tham s sau trong hp thoi.( ngha cc tham s c trnh by trn phng php Isodata)

Hnh: Hp thoi phn loi theo phng php K-Means Phng php khng c cc tham s sau so vi phng php Isodata:Change Threshold, Minimum pixel in class, Maximum class Stdv, Minimum class Distance, Maximum Merge Pairs. Ti Output Result to tch chn ghi lu theo file d liu hoc bm chn Memory. Nhp OK. Ta thu c kt qu. Chn cc tham s trong hp thoi trn so snh. Vic so snh, nhn xt tng t nh phng php Isodata.

S lp ta chn th trn nh s S lp to ra l 10 lp mc S lp to ra l 15 lp mc phn thnh by nhiu lp bng phn loi c chnh xc cao phn loi c chnh xc

tham s ta chn. S lp trn nh hn trng hp bn. t chnh v vy m trn nh phn loi c chnh xc khng cao.

cao hn 2 trng hp bn. Nhng mc phn chia nh nu nh cn nghin cu mc lin tc th khng cn thit.

I.2. Phn loi c kim nh


Phn loi c kim nh yu cu ngi s dng phi chn vng mu lm c s phn loi. Tip dng cc phng php so snh nh gi liu mt pixel nht nh tiu chun gn cho mt

lp cha. Phn mm ENVI cung cp mt lot cc phng php phn loi khc nhau, bao gm Parallelepiped, Maximum Likelihood, Minimum Distance, Mahalanobis Distance, Binary Encoding v Spectral Angle Mapper. thc hin cc phn loi, dng Classification > Supervised > Method, y Method l mt trong cc phng php phn loi c kim nh ca ENVI.

Hnh: Menu phn loi c kim nh I.2.1. Chn mu ti vng th nghim (ROI) Vng mu l vng chn cho chng trnh da vo phn loi. Chnh v vy m ta cn chn cc vng mu cho chnh xc v ph hp vi mc ch cn phn loi, cn chn la cc vng mu ny ngoi thc a v cc ti liu lin quan c th ly vng mu chun. Ta c th dng nh phn loi theo phng php khng kim nh ra ngoi thc a chn mt cch hiu qu. Vic chn nhng ROI polygons ny cn phi c tun th theo tiu ch l nhng vng c c tnh ph ng nht v c trng cho i tng cn phn loi. Nhng tnh cht thng k ca cc ROI polygons cn c xem xt m bo cht lng ca qu trnh phn loi tip theo. Chn mu phn loi a) Chn Overlay > Region of Interest t menu Main Image Window hoc t menu chnh ca ENVI chn Basic Tools > Region of Interest. Hp thoi ROI Definition xut hin. b) V mt polygon (a gic) tng trng vng th nghim Trong ca s Main, kch phm tri chut to im u ca polygon ROI Ln lt chn cc im bin bng cch li kch phm tri chut. ng polygon bng cch kch phm phi chut. Kch phm gia chut xa im va to hoc xa ton b polygon (nu bn ng polygon ). C nh polygon bng cch kch phm phi chut ln na. Cng c th xc nh ROIs trong ca s Zoom v Scroll bng cch chn nt radio thch hp pha trn hp thoi ROI Controls. Khi kt thc vic xc nh mt ROI, ROI ny s c hin th trong danh sch Available Regions trong hp thoi ROI Controls, c ghi tn, mu vng v s cc pixel km theo v c trong tt c cc qui trnh phn loi ca ENVI.

c) Xc nh mt ROI mi, kch vo New Region Ta c th nhp tn cho vng v chn mu nn bng cch kch vo ROI Name v Color nhp v thay i theo mnh.

Hnh: Hp thoi chn mu phn loi Ta nn chn s im pixels trong vng mu l nhiu hn 100 im, ta c th chn nhiu vng trong mt ROI, khi chn vng nn chn trn ca s Zoom chn cho chnh xc. Cng vic chn la vng mu phi kt hp vi i ngoi thc a, s dng nh phn loi khng kim nh kim tra tnh chnh xc ca vng ly mu. Tnh ton s khc bit gia cc mu Vi cc mu chn, ENVI cn cung cp mt tin ch rt hu hiu, l tnh ton s khc bit gia cc mu Compute ROI Separability. chn chc nng ny ta lm nh sau:

Bng chn cc mu lp phn loi

Cc vng mu chn trn nh a) T hp thoi ROI Tool chn Options\Compute ROI Separability. b) Khi trn mn hnh s xut hin hp thoi Select Input File for ROI Separability, chn nh tng ng v nhn OK chp nhn. c) Trn mn hnh xut hin tip hp thoi ROI Separability Calculation, chn tt c cc mu cn tnh ton s khc bit v nhn OK thc hin. d) Kt qu tnh ton s xut hin trn mn hnh trong hp thoi ROI Separability Report

Hnh : Bng so snh s khc bit gia cc mu phn loi. Quan st cc gi tr trong hp thoi ny nhn thy mi mu phn loi s c so snh ln lt vi cc mu cn li. Cp gi tr th hin s khc bit c t trong ngoc sau cc mu. Nu cp gi tr ny nm trong khong t 1.9 n 2.0 chng t cc mu c chn c s khc bit tt. Nu cp gi tr ny nm trong khong t 1.0 n 1.9 th nn chn li sao cho mu c s khc bit tt hn. Nu c gi tr nh hn 1.0 ta nn gp hai mu li vi nhau, trnh hin tng phn loi nhm ln. Quan st bng so snh s khc bit gia cc mu phn loi ta thy cc mu phn loi c chn c s khc bit tt.

Sau khi chn xong tt c cc mu, ta c th lu cc mu chn ny li bng cch chn File\Save ROIs t hp thoi ROI Tool

I.2.2. Phn loi theo cc phng php ca phn mm ENVI h tr Thc hin vic phn loi c kim nh i vi nh vi cc phng php khc nhau Parallelepiped, Maximum likelihood, Minimum distance v Mahalanobis distance v so snh cc kt qu. Thc hin cho nh bldr_tm (nh c nn chnh hnh hc phn nn nh). I.2.2.1. Phng php phn loi Parallelepiped Phn loi theo phng php Parallelepiped s dng mt qui lut n gin phn loi d liu a ph. Cc ranh gii s to thnh mt Parallelepiped n chiu trong khng gian d liu nh. Cc chiu ca Parallelepiped c xc nh da trn ngng chnh lch chun theo gi tr trung bnh ca mi lp mu c chn. Trong phng php ny u tin gi tr vector trung bnh cho tt c cc band c tnh cho mi lp mu chn. Sau cc pixel c so snh v gn vo lp m gi tr ca n nm trong phm vi sai s l 1 hoc 2 ln lch chun ca vector trung bnh. Nu pixel khng nm trong mt trong cc khong gi tr th n s c gn vo lp cha phn loi. Phng php ny c u im l nhanh chng, n gin tuy nhin kt qu c chnh xc khng cao v thng c dng phn loi s b ban u.

nh sau khi phn loi

Bng cc lp Ta quan st trn nh sau khi phn loi phn loi chnh xc theo vng mu ta chn la, nhng trn nh vn c khu vc cha c xc nh vo lp no c. Bi v ta cha chn la ht tt c cc mu cho ton tm nh. V vy khi ta mun tm nh c phn loi ton b c gn vo mt lp no th ta phi chn la mu sao cho th hin c ton b tm nh. I.2.2.2. Phng php phn loi Minimum Distance Phn loi theo phng php minimum distance s dng vector trung bnh ca mi ROI v tnh khong cch Euclidean t mi pixel cha xc nh n vc t trung bnh ca mi lp. Tt c cc pixel u c phn loi ti lp ROI gn nht tr khi ngi s dng nh r chnh lch chun hoc

ngng khong cch chun. Trong trng hp mt s pixel c th khng c phn loi nu chng khng tha mn tiu ch chn. V mt l thuyt th vi vic s dng phng php ny, mi pixel u c phn loi nhng ngi phn tch cng c th a ra mt ngng gii hn nht nh v khong cch cc pixel c th c phn loi hoc khng phn loi. y l mt cch phn loi kh nhanh, gi tr ph ca pixel gn vi gi tr ph trung bnh ca mu tuy nhin n cng cha tht chnh xc v khng cn nhc n s bin thin ca cc lp phn loi.

nh sau khi phn loi. Ta quan st tm nh sau khi phn loi th tt c cc pixel trn tm nh c gn vo mt lp no . Phng php ny gn khc hn so vi phng php trn v c chnh xc cng khc so vi phng php trn.

I.2.2.3. Phng php phn loi Mahalanobis Distance Phn loi theo phng php Mahalanobis Distance l phng php phn loi khong cch nhy cm theo hng dng s liu thng k ca mi lp. Phng php ny tng t nh phng php Maximum Likelihood nhng phng php ny coi tt c cc hip bin ca lp l ngang bng nhau, do vy phng php ny phn loi nhanh hn. Tt c cc pixel u c phn loi ti lp ROI gn nht tr khi ngi s dng nh r mt ngng khong cch. Trong trng hp mt s pixel c th khng c phn loi li nu chng khng tha mn ngng qui nh.

nh sau khi phn loi Khng cn pixel no l khng xc nh. Phng php ny c chnh xc cao hn so vi hai phng php trn. I.2.2.4. Phng php phn loi Maximum Likelihood Phn loi theo phng php Maximum Likelihood coi s liu thng k ca mi lp trong mi knh nh c phn tn mt cch thng thng v phng php ny c tnh n kh nng mt pixel

thuc mt lp nht nh. Nu nh khng chn mt ngng xc sut th s phi phn loi tt c cc pixel. Mi pixel c gn cho mt lp c xc sut cao nht (ngha l maximum likelihood).

nh sau khi phn loi Phng php ny cho rng cc band ph c s phn b chun v cc pixel s c phn loi vo lp m n c xc sut cao nht. Vic tnh ton khng ch da vo gi tr khong cch m cn da vo c xu th bin thin xm trong mi lp. y l mt phng php phn loi chnh xc nhng li mt nhiu thi gian tnh ton v ph thuc vo s phn b chun ca d liu.

II. K THUT HU PHN LOI


Nhng nh c phn loi cn thc hin quy trnh hu phn loi nh gi cht lng phn loi v to c nhng lp cho vic xut chuyn sang dng bn nh v vector GIS. Cc k thut hu phn loi:

II.1. Lc loi nhiu kt qu phn loi ( Majority/Minority Analysis)


S dng phng php Majoriry Analysis gp nhng pixel l t hoc phn loi ln trong cc lp vo chnh lp cha n. Ta nhp kch thc ca s lc Kernel Size, sau gi tr ca pixel trung tm s c thay th bng gi tr ca pixel chim a s trong ca s lc . Nu chn Minority Analyis, gi tr ca pixel trung tm s c thay th bng gi tr pixel chim thiu s trong ca s lc. thc hin chc nng ny, t thc n lnh ca ENVI ta chn Classification\Post Classification\Majority/Minority Analysis.

Hnh: Hp thoi Majority/Minority Parameters.

Sau khi chn, hp thoi Majority/Minority Parameters xut hin cho php ta chn cc lp nh lc, phng php d nh tin hnh, kch thc ca s lc v ng dn lu kt qu. Kt qu tnh ton s cho ra mt nh mi trong danh sch Available Bands List.

Hnh : nh phn loi phn tch theo a s

II.2. Gp lp Combine Classes


Chc nng gp lp cung cp thm mt cng c khi qut ha kt qu phn loi. Cc lp c c tnh tng t nhau c th c gp vo to thnh lp chung. thc hin chc nng ny t thc n lnh ca ENVI chn Classification\ Post Classification\Combine Classes. Trn mn hnh xut hin hp thoi Combine Classes Input File, chn file kt qu phn loi ang cn gp lp v nhn OK. Chn cc cp lp nh gp tng ng vi Input Class - lp u vo, Output Class - lp u ra, nhn OK v chn ng dn lu kt qu. Ta nn chn cc lp c cng c tnh gp vo v lu chn lp u vo v u ra.

Hnh: La chn cc cp lp tng ng gp lp.

II.3. Thng k kt qu Class Statistics


Chc nng ny cho php tnh ton thng k nh da trn cc lp kt qu phn loi, nhm phc v cng tc bo co. Cc gi tr thng k c tnh cho mi lp l cc gi tr thng k c bn nh: gi tr nh nht - min, gi tr ln nht - max, gi tr trung bnh - mean, lch chun Stdev (Standard Deviation) ca d liu nh v th - Histogram. tin hnh tnh ton thng k ta lm nh sau: T thc n lnh chnh ca ENVI chn Classification\ Post Classification\ Class Statistics. Trn mn hnh s xut hin hp thoi Classification Input File yu cu chn file kt qu phn loi. Tip n trn mn hnh xut hin hp thoi Statistics Input File yu cu chn file nh tng ng tin hnh tnh ton thng k. Hp thoi tip theo l Class Selection cho php chn cc lp kt qu d nh s dng tin hnh phn loi.

Hnh: Hp thoi la chn lp thng k.

Sau khi chn xong cc lp s xut hin hp thoi Compute Statistics Parameters cho php chn cc tham s tnh thng k. Chn ng dn n th mc lu kt qu, v nhn OK thc hin.

Hnh: Chn cc kiu cn thng k v xut d liu. Sau khi tnh ton, trn mn hnh s xut hin mt lot cc hp thoi: o Class Stats Summary: bng thng k tng s pixel c trong cc lp v t l phn trm ca chng trn tng s cc pixel c trn nh. o Statistics Report: thng k gi tr nh nht, ln nht, gi tr trung bnh, lch chun theo cc knh ph ca tng lp kt qu phn loi. o Nu chn c chc nng v th khi chn cc tham s trong hp thoi Compute Statistics Parameters th trn mn hnh cng c cc hp thoi th ca cc gi tr thng k tng ng trn.

Hnh: Bng thng k kt qu sau phn loi

II.4. Thay i tn v mu cho cc lp phn loi Class Color Mapping


Khi c nh kt qu phn loi, bn vn c th thay i mu sc cc lp cho ph hp vi tn gi ca chng. thc hin chc nng trn, t ca s nh phn loi, chn Tools\Color Mapping\Class Color Mapping. Trn mn hnh s xut hin hp thoi Class Color Mapping cho ta chn cc lp gn tn v mu tng ng, sau khi hon tt ta chn Options\Save Changes thc hin vic thay i.

Hnh: Thay i tn v mu hin th cho cc lp.

II.5. Chuyn kt qu phn loi sang dng vectClassification to Vector Layer


Sau khi hon tt cng tc phn loi, ta thng c nhu cu xut cc file kt qu phn loi sang dng vect d dng trao i, bin tp hay x l vi cc chc nng GIS. chuyn sang dng vect cc file kt qu phn loi, t thc n lnh ca ENVI ta chn Classification\Post Classification\Classification to Vector hay chn Vector\Classification to Vector. Trn mn hnh xut hin hp thoi Raster to Vector Input Band, ta chn file kt qu phn loi cn chuyn nh dng ri nhn OK.

Tip trn mn hnh xut hin hp thoi Raster To Vector Parameters cho php ta chn cc lp cn chuyn sang dng vect. Chn ng dn lu kt qu v nhn OK thc hin. Kt qu s c lu theo nh dng file vector *.evf ca ENVI.

Hnh: Xut file kt qu phn loi sang dng vect.

II.6. Chng lp vect ln nh Overlay Vector File


quan st trc quan hoc d dng nhn bit cc i tng trn nh, i khi chng ta c nhu cu chng mt lp thng tin no ln nh, chng hn nh mt file vect cc ng bnh , ch gii phn loi hay cc lp phn loi, T ca s hin th nh, ta chn Overlay\Vectors, trn mn hnh s xut hin hp thoi Vector Parameters. T hp thoi Vector Parameters ny ta chn File\Open Vector File v chn nh dng cng file vect tng ng nh m (file vector va c chuyn t raster phn loi). File vect c chn s hin th chng ph ln file nh.

II.7. Kim tra thc a v nh gi cht lng phn loi


kim chng li kt qu phn loi th phng php hiu qu v chnh xc nht l kim tra thc a. Mu kim tra thc a khng c trng vi v tr mu gim nh s dng trong khi phn loi v m bo phn b u trn khu vc nghin cu. Sau tin hnh tnh ton li Ma trn sai s - Confusion Matrix Chc nng lp ma trn sai s ca ENVI cho php so snh nh c phn loi vi kt qu thc a hoc cc vng mu vi mc ch nh gi chnh xc kt qu phn loi. thc hin chc nng ny, t thc n lnh chnh ca ENVI vo Classification\ Post Classification\Confusion Matrix v chn phng php: mt l s dng nh, kt qu phn loi t thc a Using Ground Truth Image, hai l s dng file chn vng mu t thc a Using Ground Truth ROIs. Hp thoi Classification Input File xut hin cho php chn nh cn nh gi chnh xc tng ng. Tip n hp thoi Ground Truth Input File xut hin. Sau hp thoi Match Classes Parameters xut hin, chn cc lp tng ng gia kt qu phn loi v thc a. Nhn OK chp nhn.

Hnh: Hp thoi Match Classes Parameters. Hp thoi Confusion Matrix Parameter xut hin cho php chn cc gi tr cn thit v chn ng dn lu kt qu.

Kt qu so snh s xut hin trn mn hnh di dng mt ma trn tng quan cho, trn bng ma trn kt qu ny bao gm c chnh xc ca kt qu phn loi.

Hnh: Ma trn sai s tng quan cho.

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