EXPERIMENT NO.

2
Name: Roll No. Sign of Instructor: Batch: Date performed:

INVERTING ADDER
Aim: 1. To verify voltage gain relation with DC input 2. To observe performance for AC input Theory: Inverting Adder The inverting adder is a circuit that adds more than one signal and inverts the sum. For example, with reference to figure 1, if input , and , then the output voltage is the algebraic sum of all the input voltages in inverted form. The value of the output voltage is given by (1+2+2.5) V = -5.5 V. In general, when we apply Dc input

Similarly, if we provide ac voltage waveforms at the input terminals, then the output waveform will be inverted sum all the input waveforms.

Referring to the figure 1, the non-inverting terminal of the opamp is grounded. Due to virtual short, the inverting terminal is also at the same potential. Hence, the currents through Are given by, ; ; All these currents get summed up and pass through of ideal opamp is zero. Hence the current through . This is because; the input current is given by,

The output voltage is the same as the voltage developed across

. Hence

Hence In general, for n inputs, when Then

if

Thus the circuit works as adder circuit. Because of the minus sign appearing in the expression of , it is referred as Inverting Adder. This circuit is quite useful in adding multiple ac/dc electrical signals. Inverting Summing Amplifier If

Then the circuit is known as Inverting Summing Amplifier. The Inverting adder is a special case of inverting summing amplifier where A=1. Inverting Averager If

Then output voltage is given by,

Hence, the circuit is known as Inverting Averager. The circuit output is inverted instantaneous average of all input signals. Inverting Scaler If

Then output voltage is given by,

Where are the scaling factors for the respective inputs. Since the inputs are scaled by different scaling factors, the circuit is known as Inverting Scaler. Apparatus The required apparatus is as follows: 1. Signal Generator (0-1 MHz) 2. Dual Power Supply 12V, 200mA 3. Variable Power Supply (0-30,100mA- three) 4. Dual trace Oscilloscope (20 MHz) with probes

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Digital Multimeter Experimental Chassis or Bread- board Connecting wires Resistors Operational Amplifier LM741

Circuit Diagram

Procedure 1. Set the opamp power supply to 15 V 2. Assemble the circuit in breadboard. Connect the power supply and all three DC inputs. 3. Note down the output voltage. 4. Vary al the inputs and again note down the output voltage 5. Also check for the AC inputs and observe the output on CRO Observations

Sr. no

(Observed)

(Calculated)

Calculations:

Conclusion: