Turbulence statistics with quantied uncertainty in cold-wall supersonic channel ow

Rhys Ulerich and Robert D. Moser

Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences The University of Texas at Austin

18 November 2012

PECOS

Acknowledgment: This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy [National Nuclear Security Administration] under Award Number [DE-FC52-08NA28615].

R. Ulerich & R. D. Moser (U.T. Austin)

Cold-wall supersonic channel ow

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Introduction

Motivation: Complex predictions w/ quantied uncertainty

Eddy viscosity-based models widely used in engineering These models well-known to be imperfect and unreliable Higher-delity approaches computationally intractable, especially for uncertainty quantication Recent work in combining Bayesian approaches with RANS models: Cheung et al. [2011], Oliver and Moser [2011, 2012a,b] Combination requires rich near-wall data with uncertainty estimates
R. Ulerich & R. D. Moser (U.T. Austin) Cold-wall supersonic channel ow 18 November 2012 2 / 11

Problem denition

Compressible NavierStokes formulation

Perfect gas with constant , Pr and power law viscosity

= t u = t E = t

u (u u) Eu 1 Ma2 p+ Ma2 Re 1 Re +f 1 Re Pr ( 1) T + Ma2 f u + qb

pu +

u +

p = ( 1) E

Ma2 2 u 2

T =

= T

2 3

u+

uT + (

u) I

R. Ulerich & R. D. Moser (U.T. Austin)

Cold-wall supersonic channel ow

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Problem denition

Scenarios patterned on Coleman et al. [1995]

wall normal y,v

bulk flow

se nwi spa
z,w

streamwise

x,u

wall

uw = 0 = 1.4

Tw = 1

f : (u)bulk = 1 =0

qb = 0

bulk = 1

Pr = 0.7

L = 4 2 4/3

Re = {3000, 5000}
R. Ulerich & R. D. Moser (U.T. Austin)

Ma = {0.1, 0.5, 1.5, 3.0}

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Cold-wall supersonic channel ow

Simulation results

Resolutions patterned on Coleman et al. [1995]

Fourier basis in x and z using 3/2s dealiasing: Nx = 192, Nz = 168 Piecewise 7th order B-splines in y with hyperbolic tangent stretching
Re
3000 3000 3000 3000 5000 5000 5000 5000 3000 4880

Identier c03k01 c03k05 c03k15 c03k30 c05k01 c05k05 c05k15 c05k30 CKM95a CKM95b

Ma
0.1 0.5 1.5 3.0 0.1 0.5 1.5 3.0 1.5 3.0

2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3 0.7 0.7

Ny
128 128 128 128 144 144 144 144 90 90

tanh
2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50

x+
12.5 12.6 14.4 19.5 19.4 19.8 22.8 30.9 17 39

+ y1

+ y10

z +
5.0 5.1 5.8 7.8 7.8 7.9 9.1 12.3 10 24

Flow throughs 37.1 38.9 39.1 38.8 30.6 32.0 48.7 81.7

0.22 0.22 0.25 0.34 0.26 0.27 0.30 0.41 0.1 0.2

11.8 12.0 13.7 18.5 14.1 14.4 16.5 22.4 8 17

11.9 11.9

CKM95{a,b} by Coleman et al. used FourierLegendre discretization: 110 90 60 coefcients with 144 119 80 collocation points
R. Ulerich & R. D. Moser (U.T. Austin) Cold-wall supersonic channel ow 18 November 2012 5 / 11

Simulation results

Qualitative prole comparison for Re = 3000, Ma = 1.5

<> <u> <T>

0 -1.0

-0.5

0 y

0.5

1.0
Simulation CKM95a Reproduced from Coleman et al. [1995]

Simulation c03k15

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Simulation results

Quantitative comparison of centerline and wall means

Tabulated discrepancies between c03k15 and CKM95a less than 1%, except Ma 1.5%

Identier c03k01 c03k05 c03k15 c03k30 c05k01 c05k05 c05k15 c05k30 KMM87 CKM95a CKM95b

Mac
0.116 0.571 1.493 2.240 0.115 0.565 1.480 2.205 0 1.502 2.225

Ma
0.006 0.031 0.081 0.120 0.006 0.029 0.076 0.114 0 0.082 0.116

Rec
3489 3391 2765 1764 5758 5598 4595 2973 3250 2760 2872

Re
190 193 221 298 297 303 348 472 180 222 451

Bq
0.0003 0.0062 0.0491 0.1500 0.0002 0.0058 0.0462 0.1410 0 0.049 0.137

w
1.002 1.040 1.365 2.450 1.002 1.041 1.366 2.484 1 1.355 2.388

c
0.9999 0.9973 0.9779 0.9274 0.9999 0.9979 0.9834 0.9486 1 0.980 0.952

Tc
1.002 1.043 1.391 2.665 1.002 1.042 1.385 2.600 1 1.378 2.490

c
1.001 1.028 1.246 1.922 1.001 1.028 1.242 1.891 1 1.252 1.894

CKM95{a,b} reproduced from Coleman et al. [1995] Incompressible results from Kim et al. [1987]
R. Ulerich & R. D. Moser (U.T. Austin) Cold-wall supersonic channel ow 18 November 2012 7 / 11

Simulation results

Statistics with quantied uncertainty: c03k15

1.4 1.05 ; / 0.7 0.35 0 0 11 9 7 5 3 1 -1 0 55 y
+

1% 0.75% 0.50% 0.25% 0% 55 111 uu vv ww uv k 166 221 0 55 111 166 221 u T

; /

111

166

221

See Malaya et al. [2012] on Monday at 11:09 AM in Session H21.04: Estimating Uncertainties in Statistics Computed from DNS
R. Ulerich & R. D. Moser (U.T. Austin) Cold-wall supersonic channel ow 18 November 2012 8 / 11

The Suzerain framework

Suzerain: A spectral, compressible DNS framework

Designed for performance, extensibility, portability, and longevity

Mixed Fourier-Galerkin /
B-spline collocation method

restart files (HDF5) ESIO SMR91 low storage RK

implicit acoustics

Low-storage, hybrid implicit/explicit

Runge-Kutta time stepping [Spalart et al., 1991]

C99/C++03 implementation

B-splines (GSL) evaluation differentiation collocation operators P3DFFT (MPI+FFT) explicit, nonlinear computation (Eigen)

Self-documenting, HDF5 restart

and statistics les

Pencil decompositions for

scalability [Pekurovsky, 2008]

explicit nonlinearities

(y, x, z)

(z, y, x)

(x, z, y)

PECOS' GRVY Toolkit, MKL/ESSL

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R. Ulerich & R. D. Moser (U.T. Austin)

Cold-wall supersonic channel ow

physical space

wave space

Test-driven development of modular

implicit step solution (MKL/ESSL)

post processing & analytics

The Suzerain framework

Suzerain: Testing and Verication

26K SLOC automated regression test suite with 85% line coverage
Steady solution, piecewise septic B-splines Maximum error in any coefficient 10
-3

Unsteady solution, piecewise quartic B-splines 10

-3

10-6 10-9 10-12 10-15

3 4

u v w e

10-6 10-9 10-12 u v w e 103 104 105 106 Degrees of freedom per scalar field

Q Qu 10 10 10 10 Degrees of freedom per scalar field

5 6

10-15

Field-by-eld convergence on a steady (left) and transient (right) manufactured solution problem at two different B-spline orders. Labels Q and Qu show measured relative error in the associated oating point manufactured forcing computations. Label shows machine epsilon. Ulerich et al. [2012]

R. Ulerich & R. D. Moser (U.T. Austin)

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Conclusions

Summary
Developed a robust, veried code for compressible, spectral DNS Simulated low-Re , cold-wall channels over a wide range of Ma Quantied uncertainties in basic statistics of interest Database online soon: http://turbulence.ices.utexas.edu/

Ongoing Work
Completing uncertainty estimates for derived, higher-order quantities Implementing features required for homogenized boundary layers: Giles [1990], Topalian et al. [2011, 2012] Generating database of statistics for such boundary layers Investigating relaminarization processes on blunt reentry vehicles Incorporating chemically-reacting species capabilities

R. Ulerich & R. D. Moser (U.T. Austin)

Cold-wall supersonic channel ow

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P. Bradshaw. Compressible turbulent shear layers. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 9(1):3352, 1977. doi: 10.1146/annurev.fl.09.010177.000341. S. H. Cheung, T. A. Oliver, E. E. Prudencio, S. Prudhomme, and R. D. Moser. Bayesian uncertainty analysis with applications to turbulence modeling. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 96:11371149, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2010.09.013. G. N. Coleman, J. Kim, and R. D. Moser. A numerical study of turbulent supersonic isothermal-wall channel ow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 305: 159183, 1995. doi: 10.1017/S0022112095004587. John W. Eaton, David Bateman, and Sren Hauberg. GNU Octave Manual Version 3. Network Theory Limited, 2008. URL http://www.octave.org. Michael B. Giles. Nonreecting boundary conditions for Euler equation calculations. AIAA Journal, 28(12):20502058, 1990. doi: 10.2514/3.10521. P. G. Huang, G. N. Coleman, and P. Bradshaw. Compressible turbulent channel ows: DNS results and modelling. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 305: 185218, 1995. doi: 10.1017/S0022112095004599. John Kim, Parviz Moin, and Robert Moser. Turbulence statistics in fully developed channel ow at low reynolds number. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 177:133166, 1987. doi: 10.1017/S0022112087000892. Nicholas Malaya, Todd A. Oliver, Rhys Ulerich, and Robert D. Moser. Estimating uncertainties in statistics computed from DNS. In 65th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics, San Diego, CA, November 2012. MASA Development Team. MASA: A library for verication using manufactured and analytical solutions. https://red.ices.utexas.edu/projects/software/wiki/MASA, 2011. T. A. Oliver and R. D. Moser. Bayesian uncertainty quantication applied to RANS turbulence models. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 318 (4):042032, 2011. doi: 10.1088/1742- 6596/318/4/042032. Todd A. Oliver and Robert D. Moser. Accounting for uncertainty in the analysis of overlap layer mean velocity models. Physics of Fluids, 24(7): 075108+, 2012a. doi: 10.1063/1.4733455. Todd A. Oliver and Robert D. Moser. Representing turbulence model uncertainty with stochastic pdes. In 65th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics, San Diego, CA, November 2012b. PECOS Development Team. ESIO: A parallel I/O library for scientic applications. https://red.ices.utexas.edu/projects/software/wiki/ESIO, 2011. Dmitry Pekurovsky. P3DFFT user guide. http://code.google.com/p/p3dfft/, 2008. Philippe R. Spalart, Robert D. Moser, and Michael M. Rogers. Spectral methods for the NavierStokes equations with one innite and two periodic directions. J. Comput. Phys., 96(2):297324, 1991. doi: 10.1016/0021- 9991(91)90238- G. Victor Topalian, Onkar Sahni, Todd Oliver, and Robert Moser. Slow growth formulation for DNS of temporally evolving boundary layers. In 64th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics, November 2011. Victor Topalian, Todd A. Oliver, and Robert D. Moser. Slow growth formulation for dns of chemically reacting temporal boundary layers with forcing. In 65th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics, San Diego, CA, November 2012. Rhys Ulerich, Kemelli C. Estacio-Hiroms, Nicholas Malaya, and Robert D. Moser. A transient manufactured solution for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations with a power law viscosity. In 10th World Congress on Computational Mechanics, Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 2012. URL http://users.ices.utexas.edu/~rhys/papers/WCCM2012- 16661.pdf.

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18 November 2012

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