EEG AND SLEEP

THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM

The graphical record of electrical activity of brain is called

electroencephalogram.

USES OF EEG:

1. Locate certain diseases: subdural heamatoma, or abscess

2. Diagnosis of epilepsy.
3. Provides information regarding sleep and wakefulness.
4. To confirm brain death.

EEG RHYTHM FREQUENCY (Hz) Amplitude (micro V) ASSOC.FEATURES

1.ALPHA 8 -12. 50 -100 OCCIPITAL AND
RHYTHM PARIETOCCIPITAL
AREAS WHEN
EYES ARE
CLOSED.
2.BETA 14- 30 5 -10 FRONTAL
REGION,NORMAL
AWAKE PATTERN
IN INFANTS.
3. THETA 4-7 10 PARIETAL AND
TEMPORAL BONE
4.DELTA 1-4 20 -200 DURING SLEEP

Note:
Lower frequency fibers indicate less responsive behavior, such as sleep.
Higher frequencies indicate arousal.
 SLEEP
Sleep is a physiological process by which bodily functions are periodically
rested.

Physiological changes during sleep:

1. CVS: Decreased heart rate, BP and cardiac output.

2. Respiratory: Decrease in tidal volume, respiratory rate and pulmonary
ventilation.
3. Decrease in BMR by 10 -15%
4. Decreased muscle tone.
5. Decreased salivary and lacrimal secretions.

TWO TYPES OF SLEEP:

1. Rapid eye movement sleep or paradoxical sleep (REM)

2. Non rapid eye movement sleep (NREM ) or slow wave sleep

STAGE BEHAVIOURAL EEG CHANGES

OBSERVATION
RELAXED AWAKE, RELAXED MAINLY ALPHA
WAKEFULNESS WITH EYES CLOSED. RHYTHM
NREM SLEEP, STAGE I LIGHT SLEEP ALPHA WAVES
REDUCED IN
FREQUENCY AND
AMPLITUDE.
STAGE II TRUE SLEEP SLEEP SPINDLES,
REGULAR WAVES OF A
FEW SECONDS
DURATION.
STAGE III SLEEP DEEPENS OCCASIONAL SLEEP
SPINDLES.
STAGE IV DEEP SLEEP SLOW HIGH VOLTAGE
DELTA WAVES.
REM SLEEP DEEPEST SLEEP RAPID LOW VOLTAGE,
IRREGULAR WAVES
SLEEP DISORDERS:

1.Insomnia
2. Inability to sleep
3. Somnambulism or sleep walking:
episodes of walking during sleep with eyes
open ,but episodes are not recalled when
awake.
4. Noctural enuresis:
Involuntary voiding of urine during sleep at
night.
5. Narcolepsy:
Uncontrollable urge to sleep during day time
activities.
6. Sleep apnoea.