CC HN CH I VI MC TIU PHT TRIN BN VNG CA NGNH TM VEN BIN NG BNG SNG CU LONG NHN T KINH NGHIM TNH BC LIU1

Trn Tin Khai

Trn Tin Khai (2007). Cc hn ch i vi ngnh nui tm ven bin ng Bng Sng Cu Long. Nhn t kinh nghim tnh Bc Liu. Tp ch Pht trin Kinh t. i hc Kinh t TP. H Ch Minh. Thng 5/2007. trang 11-15.

Thy hi sn ng mt vai tr rt quan trng trong c cu hng xut khu ca Vit Nam. Nm 2005 ngnh thy sn xut khu v thu c 2,738 t USD, trong tm chim hn 1 t USD. Khi lng xut khu tm hng nm t khong 180 ngn tn (EUROFISH Magazine, Issue 01/2004). Theo c tnh c n 3,4 triu ngi lao ng trc tip v gin tip trong ngnh nh bt, nui trng v ch bin thy hi sn. Sn lng thy sn c nui trng ln nh bt nm 2005 t 3,43 triu tn (Tng cc Thng k, 2005). Theo s liu ca Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam, ngnh tm nui pht trin rt mnh trong giai on t nm 2000 cho n nay. Din tch mt nc nui tm nc mn, l nm 2005 t n 616,9 ngn ha, tng 1,9 ln so vi nm 2000. Sn lng tm nui t 330,2 ngn tn, tng 3,53 ln so vi nm 2000. Nh vy, tc tng sn lng cao gp 1,86 ln so vi tng din tch. iu ny c ngha nng sut tm nui c ci thin nhiu, ch yu nh tng din tch nui tm thm canh. Ngnh sn xut tm nui Vit Nam ch yu pht trin cc tnh ng Bng Sng Cu Long (BSCL), ni nng dn ven bin chuyn dch sn xut t la nc tri sang nui tm. Sn lng tm nui BSCL nm 2005 l 270,652 ngn tn, chim n 81,97% tng sn lng tm nui c nc (Tng cc Thng k, 2005). Cc tnh c t trng sn lng ln theo th t l C Mau, Bc Liu, Sc Trng, Bn Tre, Kin Giang v Tr Vinh. Vit Nam c mt h thng cc nh my ch bin thy hi sn xut khu rt ng o v s lng, v c nhiu u t hin i ha hoc xy dng mi cc nh my ch bin. H thng ny bao gm hn 300 nh my, trong c khong 175 nh my t tiu chun HACCP v khong 100 nh my c cng nhn tiu chun xut hng i cc nc EU. Theo nh gi ca t chc EUROFISH, mc d nhiu nh my ch bin l cc doanh nghip quc doanh, nhng hin ang c xu hng t nhn ha v c phn ha rt mnh. Cc doanh nghip t nhn nhn chung c trang b tt hn v linh hot hn trong kinh doanh v c tnh cnh tranh cao. cp quc gia, t trng cc doanh nghip quc doanh cp trung ng v a phng chim khong 30% th phn. Trung tm ca ngnh cng nghip ch bin thy hi
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Bi vit rt ra t kinh nghim nghin cu thc t tnh Bc Liu (2005-2006)

sn nm cc tnh pha Nam, ni c n 70% doanh nghip xut khu thy hi sn. Ring thnh ph H Ch Minh c n 50 doanh nghip. Mt hng ch bin ch yu l cc sn phm ng lnh. Tuy ngnh sn xut tm nui BSCL pht trin mnh trong giai on 2000-2005 nhng ton b ngnh hng cn phi i mt vi rt nhiu thch thc tin ti pht trin bn vng. Qua cc kt qu ca mt nghin cu v ngnh sn xut nui tm c thc hin tnh Bc Liu trong giai on 2005-2006, c nhiu hn ch c quan st thy. T cc hn ch c th trong phm vi tnh Bc Liu, do tnh tng ng v a l, sinh thi v hng pht trin trong cc nm gn y, c th rt ra c mt s hn ch mang tnh tng qut cho cc tnh ven bin BSCL. Tt nhin l cc hn ch c l c th tm thy hoc khng tm thy mt a phng c th, nhng v tm quan trng ca chng, vn nn c cp n khi mun pht trin bn vng ngnh hng tm nui cc tnh ven bin BSCL. Cc hn ch ni ti quan trng nht ca ngnh tm nui BSCL l: 1. Quy hoch pht trin vng nui trng thy sn Din tch nui tm BSCL ch yu c quy hoch pht trin trn vng ng bng ven bin, c bn da trn nn t la nc tri nng sut thp. Tuy nhin, vic quy hoch cn tm cho c vng rng ln, quy hoch chi tit n tng vng nui c th cha c thc hin. Ngoi ra, dng nh cha c s phi hp tt gia cc ngnh lin quan nh thy sn, ti nguyn mi trng, nng nghip & pht trin nng thn, thng mi trong quy hoch. Vic thiu quy hoch chi tit hoc quy hoch khng chnh xc c kh nng dn n cc h qu sau: Khng xc nh c mt cch chnh xc cc vng nui tm c cc cp thch nghi khc nhau da trn cc iu kin t nhin, nht l iu kin th nhng v kh nng cung cp v tiu thot nc. Vic pht trin h thng thy li v cc c s h tng k thut khc cha c k hoch ha v u t ng b, kp thi. Nng dn nui t pht, khng theo hng dn v quy hoch v m, cp qun l a phng thiu c s qun l t chc sn xut cho ph hp vi quy hoch v nh hng pht trin ca ngnh. S dng khng ng ngun ti nguyn thin nhin, trong , quan trng nht l ti nguyn nc ngm. H thng tip th pht trin thiu ng b, nng lc ch bin xut khu cha ph hp vi nng lc sn xut.

T , phng hng pht trin bn vng ca ngnh hng tm cha c c th ha.

2. C s h tng phc v nui trng thy sn v ngnh tm H thng c s h tng phc v cho ngnh nui trng thy sn cha p ng c yu cu sn xut, nht l cha c h thng thy li hon chnh ph hp cho nui tm. H thng thy li hin hu da trn nn tng ca h thng thy li phc v canh tc la trc y, khng tha mn cc yu cu k thut v qun l nc cp, nc thi i vi ngnh nui tm. H thng giao thng v li in mc d pht trin mnh trong nhng nm gn y, nhng cha p ng kp nhu cu phc v sn xut tm, vn chuyn hng ha vt t v tm nguyn liu. a s ngi nui tm cn phi s dng cc ng c xng, du bm nc, qut sc kh v cung cp nh sng trong qu trnh sn xut. C s h tng khoa hc cng ngh dnh cho cc hot ng nghin cu ng dng nui trng thy sn ni chung v tm ni ring cn cha p ng c yu cu ca sn xut. C s vt cht, nng lc hot ng ca cc n v khoa hc cng ngh chuyn ngnh nh phng xt nghim bnh thy sn, cc trm tri nghin cu thc nghim cp tnh cn phi c nng cp, tng cng nhiu hn na. 3. Quy m sn xut tng nhanh, vt qu kh nng qun l sn xut hin ti S chuyn i qu nhanh chng trong cc nm qua l khng ph hp v iu kin ngun lc x hi ca nng dn (kh nng kinh t, u t vn, dn tr, trnh k thut) v qun l Nh nc. Din tch nui tm nm 2005 nhiu tnh t k hoch ca nm 2010 theo k hoch pht trin ca ngnh. Vic pht trin ngnh nui trng thy sn m ch yu l nui tm s din ra qu nhanh chng vt qu kh nng qui hoch sn xut v nh hng sn xut lu di dn n thc trng chung l kh kim sot tc pht trin ca ngnh. L do c bn l trong thi gian u, vic chuyn dch c nhiu kt qu tt, kch thch ngi dn y mnh tc chuyn i t la sang nui tm. Mt s im yu c th c th nhn thy nh: Cng tc qun l quy hoch cn yu v khng theo kp cng tc quy hoch. Trn thc t, mc d c quy hoch vng nui thy sn nhng vic pht trin t pht ca ngi nui tm khng theo ng quy hoch ra. Trong khi , tnh cha c cc bin php qun l hu hiu bo m ngnh tm pht trin theo ng quy hoch. Qun l nh nc ngnh thy sn cha p ng kp nhu cu pht trin ca ngnh hng tm nui, cn lng tng, i ph chm trc s chuyn dch nhanh chng trong nhng nm gn y. Mc d tng bc hnh thnh khung php l v qun l Nh nc nhng vic thc thi v ci tin, xy dng mi cc vn bn, qui nh v qun l cho ngnh hng tm cn cha kp thi v vic trin khai n ngi nui trng, khai thc cn gp nhiu kh khn. Kh nng qun l ao nui, qun l v sinh an ton thc phm trong nui trng v ch bin tm, qun l cht lng tm ging v dch bnh tm cn yu. Vai tr ca c quan nh nc trong qun l cht lng con ging cha p ng

yu cu so vi quy m sn xut. Cng tc kim sot cht lng ha cht, thuc th y thy sn cn hn ch. Nhn s qun l chuyn ngnh thiu ht, cha p ng c yu cu qun l. Phi hp qun l h thng gia cc c quan lin quan nh Thy sn, Ti nguyn Mi trng, Nng nghip & PTNT (Thy li) cha c th hin r trong chui hot ng ca ngnh hng. Nng lc cung cp thng tin k thut v thng tin th trng ca c quan qun l Nh nc cho cc tc nhn tham gia trong ngnh hng cn yu, c bit l thng tin th trng. Trong khi , thnh phn t nhn li ng vai tr quan trng trong thng tin th trng. Chnh v vy, c tnh trng thng tin chng cho, khng thng nht, nh hng khng tt n hot ng u t ca ngi sn xut. Cng tc khuyn ng cha chuyn su, mng li khuyn ng c s (cp x) cn t v s lng, thiu kinh nghim v kh nng hot ng h tr trc tip cho ngi nui tm. Cc c quan qun l cha nng lc gip ngi sn xut nh hng sn xut, tuyn truyn, thuyt phc cc tc nhn trong ngnh hng (doanh nghip, i l thu mua tm nguyn liu, nng dn, i l cung ng vt t thy sn) t chc sn xut theo cc m hnh lin kt hoc cng ng.

4. Thiu vn u t xy dng mi hoc ci to c s h tng hin c Do vic chuyn i t sn xut la sang nui tm din ra t pht v qu nhanh chng, dn ti tnh trng c s h tng k thut nh h thng thy li, li in, giao thng, cng nghip ph tr (thc n, thuc th y) v c s nghin cu ng dng khoa hc cng ngh cha p ng c mc pht trin ca ngnh. y l im yu mang tnh khch quan trong qu trnh pht trin. Tuy nhin, d nhn thc c iu ny, kh nng u t ton din ca cc a phng nng cp h thng c s h tng l khng th thc hin ngay mt lc c v thiu vn u t. C l l nhiu tnh ven bin cn thiu nhiu phng tin hot ng cho qun l chuyn ngnh, nht l trang thit b th nghim, o lng, nh gi xt nghim, nghin cu. 5. T chc sn xut Sn xut tm ca h nng dn cn mang tnh t pht, tnh cng ng v lin kt thc s trong x hi nng dn cn yu km, cha hnh thnh cc hnh thc sn xut cng ng, cc hip hi ngi nui tm. Trong khi vn cn mt b phn nng dn cha nhn thc r v nguy c nhim mi trng v an ton v sinh thc phm. H thng thng mi thiu tnh lin kt dc cht ch gia cc tc nhn trong qu trnh sn xut- thng mi ha sn phm. im yu nht l cha hnh thnh mi lin kt trc tip gia doanh nghip ch bin xut khu v nng dn sn xut. H thng thng li kim sot hu

nh ton b th trng tm nguyn liu t vic thu mua tm ca nng dn cho n bn tm nguyn liu cho nh my. V vy, im yu nht ca h thng l cha c kh nng kim sot ngun nguyn liu mt cch cht ch v c k hoch, ng thi tng ri ro trong xut khu v kh nng kim sot cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm cha cao, thiu kh nng truy xut ngun gc sn phm. H thng thng tin th trng ch gii hn cc doanh nghip. Nng dn hu nh khng nhn c thng tin v th trng tiu th ni a v th gii. Ngnh tm cng l thuc vo cc sn phm u vo do cc cng ty ch bin thc n nui tm v thuc th y cung cp, c bit v cht lng, gi c. iu ny tc ng trc tip n cht lng sn phm, hiu qu sn xut v tnh trng i sng kinh t x hi ca ngi nui tm. 6. Trnh kin thc ca ngi sn xut, ca cng ngh sn xut hin ti cha gii quyt ng b cc yu cu v nng sut, cht lng, v sinh an ton thc phm v hiu qu kinh t V mt cng ngh sn xut, hin nay cha c quy trnh k thut, cng ngh mi h tr cho ngi sn xut, bo m nng sut, phng tr c bnh tm, bo m v sinh an ton thc phm v v c hiu qu kinh t cao. Cht lng con ging cha bo m, kh nng nhim bnh t cn ging cn rt ln v cha kim sot c. Thiu kin thc k thut, bnh tm cha gii quyt c l yu km chung ca ngi nui tm. Tnh trng s dng thuc th y thy sn sai cch v km hiu qu trong nng dn kh ph bin. Tnh trng ny dn n nhiu bt li nh gy lng ph kinh t, d dn n tnh trng ln thuc v tng nguy c tn d cc loi thuc th y trong tm sn phm. Ngoi ra, s hiu bit cha ng u, nhn thc cha tt ca mt b phn ngi nui tm v tm quan trng ca vic x l nc thi, bn thi trc khi thi ra mi trng dn n tnh trng x thi v gy nhim bn mi trng nc, tng kh nng ly lan dch bnh tm i vi cng ng. 7. Thng mi v gi c Cc vn thng mi v gi c cc nm gn y din bin theo chiu hng xu, gy bt li cho ngnh tm nui BSCL. Gi vt t u vo tng theo mc tng ca gi du th gii lm cho chi ph sn xut tng cao, gim mc li nhun ca nng dn v tng mc ri ro trong sn xut. Gi bn tm nguyn liu thng khng n nh, c xu hng gim trong trung hn v cnh tranh gia cc quc gia xut khu tm. Ngoi ra, t khi M p dng cc bin php chng bn ph gi i vi tm Vit Nam v mt s nc khc, khi lng sn phm tm xut khu i M st gim, gy gim gi dy chuyn i vi tm nguyn liu trong nc. Pha th trng Chu u, vic p dng cc ro cn k

thut, ch yu l cc tiu chun v sinh an ton thc phm to ra nhiu p lc ln trong vic qun l cht lng sn phm ca nhiu a phng. Gn y, Lin Minh Thy sn ton cu bt u xut p dng tiu chun Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP) cho ngi nui tm v nh my ch bin tm. Hn ch v k thut nui tm cng cha cho php nui tm ri v. V vy, dn n tnh trng mt cn i v cung ng tm nguyn liu v nng lc ch bin, tiu th. H qu l trong giai on thu hoch r, tnh trng gi tm thp d xy ra. Ngc li, doanh nghip ch bin li thiu ht nguyn liu trong thi gian gip v. C ch nh gi thu mua hin nay cha phn bit sn phm tm theo cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm. V vy, nu nng dn nui tm theo cc hnh thc nui hu c, sinh hc, khng dng ha cht hoc p dng ng cc quy nh v s dng ha cht v thuc th y thy sn, h vn khng c nh gi sn phm cao hn trn th trng. Chnh v vy, vic thiu mt c ch nh gi mang tnh cht khuyn khch cho tm nguyn liu tha mn cc tiu chun v sinh an ton thc phm l mt hn ch quan trng kch thch ngi nui tm p dng cc quy trnh nui tm sch, an ton. 8. iu kin t nhin v mi trng sn xut Din bin bt thng ca thi tit trong cc nm gn y gy ra nhiu bt li. Tnh trng nng nng ko di trong ma kh, cc din bin tht thng v thi tit thng dn n tnh trng lch ma v th ging hoc hn ch kh nng sinh trng ca tm. Tnh trng bi lng knh mng, ao vung rt ph bin do hai nguyn nhn chnh l bi lng t nhin cao v bm bn y ra knh rch ca ngi nui tm. H qu l kh nng cp nc cho h thng ao m suy gim v tng chi ph no vt. Nhiu a phng khng vn duy tr vic no vt thng xuyn. Nhiu tnh xa ngun nc ngt nn thiu nc ngt trong ma kh. Do thiu ngun nc mt cung cp, ngi nui tm buc phi tng cng s dng nc ngm, gy ra p lc ln v s dng ti nguyn t nhin. Vn suy gim mi trng bao gm cc hin tng nh nhim mn tng, gim lng nc ngm, gim s a dng sinh hc c cc du hiu cnh bo. Gn y, gii qun l v nng dn nui tm cho bit xut hin tnh trng nhim ngun nc sn xut (nc mt) do nhim cht thi sinh hot, bn thi t cc ao tm, cht hu c, ha cht, mm bnh v.v. nhng cha nh gi chnh xc c.

9. Ri ro v kinh t - x hi gia tng Mc ri ro kinh t trong sn xut ca nng dn tng, tnh n nh trong sn xut gim. Nui tm khng lm gim ngho c. Tnh trng n nn trong dn, d n ngn hng tng

cao nhiu vng nui tm. Ri ro kinh t tng cao. Sinh k ca nng dn gp nhiu ri ro v kh khn. Mc khc, d ngnh ch bin thy sn to ra nhiu hn cng n vic lm nhng nu ch tnh trn hot ng nui tm ca nng dn, s cng n vic lm c t hn so vi ngnh trng la trc y. Do , mt b phn nng dn ngho, t t, thiu k nng hoc thi quen sn xut cng nghip s mt cng n vic lm, ri vo hon cnh sinh k kh khn.

Cc hn ch ni ti ca ngnh sn xut tm nui BSCL cn c cc cp chnh quyn v gii qun l ngnh thy sn nh gi mt cch c th sm a ra cc chnh sch khc phc sm v ng b. Vic chuyn dch t la sang nui tm nc mn xy ra v chng ta khng cn c hi phc hi h sinh thi trc y na. V vy, ngnh sn xut tm nui ven bin i hi phi c pht trin n nh v tin ti bn vng. Vn ny s quyt nh s n nh kinh t, x hi v chnh tr nhiu vng nng thn ven bin BSCL.

Thng tin t liu

GII THIU V TIU CHUN BAP - MT THCH THC MI I VI TM VIT NAM XUT KHU 1. BAP l g? BAP l ch vit tt ca cm t Best Aquaculture Practices, c ngha l Cc quy trnh nui trng thy sn tt nht. Trong sn xut nng nghip, c mt s quy trnh sn xut tng t nh GAP (Good Agriculture Practices). Tiu chun BAP do t chc Lin Minh Thy Sn Ton Cu (Global Aquaculture Alliance, vit tt l GAA) pht trin t nm 2002 v c Hi ng Chng nhn Thy sn (Aquaculture Certification Council, Inc., vit tt l ACC) thc hin. Tiu chun BAP bao gm cc hng dn quc t c nh lng v th tc kim tra nhm lm gim tc ng mi trng v bo v tnh lnh mnh ca tm nui thng qua qu trnh sn xut tm. Cc tiu chun ny c xy dng vi tr gip ca cc chuyn gia dn u trong lnh vc k thut v cc t chc phi chnh ph. Cc quy trnh sn xut nhm vo cc hot ng nui tm, nh bo tn t v nc, qun l nc thi, qun l ha cht v thuc th y thy sn. Tt c nhm ci thin cc kha cnh an ton thc phm, x hi v mi trng trong nui tm. Cc tiu ch BAP c xy dng mt cch ton din, bao gm cc vn ca quan ngi ca nhng ngi bo v mi trng, cc nh son lut nh, v nng dn nui tm trong mt chng trnh bao gm c c s sn xut tm ging, nng tri v nh my ch bin tm t Belize n Vit Nam. Cc chng nhn tiu chun BAP lm li cho ngi tiu dng, ngi mua v chui cung cp sn phm thy sn ni chung do cung cp mt b cc chun an ton nhm bo m tm c sn xut mt cch lnh mnh v c trch nhim. Hin nay, t chc GAA cng b hai b tiu chun BAP, mt dnh cho Nh my ch bin v mt dnh cho Nng tri sn xut tm. Tiu chun BAP dnh cho Nng tri gm c: 12 tiu chun: trong c 3 tiu chun v Cng ng; 6 tiu chun v Mi trng; 3 tiu chun v An ton v sinh thc phm Ngoi ra cn c iu khon v Truy xut ngun gc 6 tiu chun: trong c 2 tiu chun v Cng ng; 3 tiu chun v mi trng; 1 tiu chun v An ton v sinh thc phm Ngoi ra cn c cc iu khon v Th nghim sn phm v Truy xut ngun gc.

Tiu chun BAP dnh cho Nh my ch bin gm c:

Hin nay, Vit Nam, c hai c s u tin c cp chng nhn BAP vo thng 10/2005 l Cng ty Amanda-Foods-Vietnam (nng lc ch bin 7.000 tn sn phm/nm) v Faquimex An Nhon Farm 74 tnh Bn Tre (tri thc thuc Faquimex, din tch 74 ha, gm 69 ao nui).

2. M rng tiu chun BAP GAA c k hoch xy dng da trn b tiu chun BAP hin thi cc iu khon b sung dnh cho vic chng nhn cc nh my sn xut thc n cho tm v thm tra cc phng th nghim nh gi an ton thc phm i vi cc sn phm tm ch bin cui cng. Cc bn tho v tiu chun Nh my sn xut thc n cho tm ang c xem xt, v GAA ang bn bc vi Cng ty Darden Restaurants, vn c mt chng trnh ni b dnh cho thm tra cc phng th nghim, pht trin mt h thng trc nghim phng th nghim BAP. Trong khi hin nay cc tiu chun thm tra phng th nghim cn b hn ch i vi cc vn an ton thc phm nh tn d ha cht v nhim vi sinh, mt s i din ngnh tm ang i hi cc tiu chun cht lng khc nh xc nhn khi lng tnh, kch c v ti. GAA s xem xt thm cc tiu chun ny b sung thm vo chng trnh chng nhn. Mt khi hon thnh b tiu chun ton din dnh cho tm, GAA s gii thiu cng lc cc tiu chun BAP dnh cho c v ng vt thn mm (nhuyn th). 3. Ai p dng tiu chun BAP? Wal-Mart, Darden chn chng nhn tiu chun BAP p dng cho cc nh cung cp tm bo m trch nhim i vi x hi v mi trng trong cung cp thy sn, chui i siu th Wal-Mart v Cng ty Darden Restaurants, Inc. (Hoa K) lm i tc vi t chc Lin Minh Thy Sn Ton Cu (GAA) v Cng ty Aquaculture Certification Council, Inc. (ACC) chng nhn cc nh cung cp tm t tiu chun BAP Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP) standards. Wal-Mart, nh bn l ln nht th gii; v Darden, cng ty m ca cc Cng ty Red Lobster, Olive Garden, Bahama Breeze, Smokey Bones Barbeque & Grill, v h thng 52 nh hng Seasons; nghin cu chn la nhiu chng trnh cp chng nhn khc nhau hn mt nm nay, v cui cng chn tiu chun BAP. 4. Cc nh hng c th c ca chng trnh BAP Vic t chc GAA, i din ca nhiu cng ty thy sn quc t nm gi th phn ln trn th trng th gii cng b tiu chun BAP v hai cng ty ln ca Hoa K chp nhn p dng tiu chun ny cho h thng phn phi ca mnh c th gy ra nhiu nh hng quan trng trong th trng tm ton cu, c bit i vi cc nc xut khu tm n Hoa K. Trc ht, cc tiu chun ny l mt dng ro cn k thut i vi cc nc ang pht trin, vn c c s h tng sn xut yu km, h thng quy nh qun l v cc bin php kim sot cha cht ch v cha t chc c h thng sn xut - ch bin - xut khu mang tnh lin kt gia cc thnh phn tham gia. Nu cha tha mn c ngay cc tiu chun BAP, cc nc ny c th gp kh khn trong xut tm vo th trng Hoa K, nht l khi c th c cc cng ty thy sn khc p dng tiu chun BAP trong tng lai. i vi Vit Nam, cc nh hng ny c th mang tnh nhiu mt: ro cn k thut, thay i phng thc t chc v qun l sn xut tm nui cp nng h v cng ng, vng v quc gia v tng chi ph sn xut. V ro cn k thut, cc tiu chun BAP i hi nhiu mt rng hn, ch khng ch n thun l vn v sinh, an ton thc phm nh trc y. Cc tiu chun v li ch cng ng nh quyn s hu; quan h tt vi cng ng a phng; an ton lao ng v bo m li ch ca ngi lao ng t ra i hi cc c quan qun l v cp php trong cc lnh vc

xy dng, ti nguyn mi trng, lao ng ca chnh quyn a phng phi tht s vo cuc cng vi ngi nui v ch bin xut khu tm. Cc tiu chun v mi trng i hi phi hp qun l tt gia cc ngnh nng lm nghip, thy li, thu sn, ti nguyn mi trng, khoa hc cng ngh v thng mi. Cc tiu chun v an ton v sinh thc phm nh qun l mua bn, s dng thuc th y thy sn; qun l sn xut-ch bin v mt vi sinh; qun l thu hoch v vn chuyn i hi nhiu n lc qun l kim sot c hiu qu ca ngnh thy sn. Do c trng nui tm theo nng h nh, vic qun l sn xut mang tnh cng ng phi c thc hin tt, nh l mt phn trong h thng qun l c lin kt t nh my ch bin i l thu mua tm nguyn liu nng dn nui tm - i l bun bn vt t thy sn cc cng ty sn xut vt t thy sn, bo m trch nhim ca tng thnh phn tham gia v c kh nng truy xut ngun gc sn phm n mc cao nht. iu ny thc s l thch thc rt ln i vi ngnh thy sn v hin nay, cha hnh thnh c mi lin kt ny. c cp chng nhn BAP, chc chn l nng tri, nh my ch bin v trong tng lai s l cc cng ty sn xut thc n, cng ty sn xut thuc th y thy sn, cc phng th nghim ngnh v ca nh my s phi tn km rt nhiu chi ph. Cc chi ph ny ch yu l chi ph cho vic nng cp v p dng h thng qun l sn xut tin tin v ph hp vi tiu chun BAP, chi ph xin chng nhn v ti chng nhn BAP. Ti liu tham kho ACC (2006). Aquaculture Facility Certification Guidelines for BAP standards Guidelines Processing plants. http://www.aquaculturecertification.org/acctanp.html ACC (2006). Aquaculture Facility Certification Guidelines for BAP standards Guidelines Farms. http://www.aquaculturecertification.org/accstan.html GAA activities. Global Aquaculture Alliance -- http://www.gaalliance.org ACC Aquaculture Certification Council, Inc. ACC News December 2005 http://www.aquaculturecertification.org/accnews.html