THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES

A CATALOGUE
OF

ENGLISH COINS
IN

THE

BRITISH MUSEUM.

ANGLO-SAXON SERIES.
Volume
II.

(WES SEX AND ENGLAND TO TEE NOB MAN CONQUEST.)

BY

HERBERT

A.

GEUEBER,
AND

F.S.A.,

ASSrSTANT KEU'ER OF COINS

AND MEDALS;

CHARLES FRANCIS KEARY,

M.A.,

F.SA.

WITH ONE MAP AND THIRTY-TWO PLATES.

LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

C.

B. QUARITCH, 15, Piccadilly, W. Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press Warehouse, Amen Court, E.C. RoLLiN & Feuardent, 19, Bloomsbury Street, W.C, and 4 Rue Louvois, Paris; A, AsiiER & Co. Kegan Paul, TRiJBNER & Co. Longmans, Green & Co.
; ;

1893.

r^)si)OM
Ul.\li;t>
liV

WIM.IAM CUiWhlS AND SONS, LIMlTliD,

bTAUFuKI) ^Tla:KT AND CIIABING CKUSS.

PRii::

-.^-Aii.

CJ
PREFACE
BY THE KEEPER OF
COINS.

This volume of the Catalogue of Englisli Coins in the British

Museum
Eadgar
the

contains descriptions of the Coins of

to

Wessex from
England from

Ecgheorht

Eadwig, and

of

those

of

All

to the

Norman

Conquest.

Taken

in conjunction with

first

volume, which dealt

with the coinages of Mercia,

it

Kent, East Anglia, and Northumbria,

completes the descrip-

tion of all the Anglo-Saxon Coins in the National Collection. 'C3'

In the
of those
inserted.

lists of

moneyers given in the

in

first

volume the names

were

not

represented

the

National Collection

In the present volume this scheme has been further

all

extended by including
not

known types

of Coins,

whether or

represented

in

the

Museum

series.

The

names of

moneyers and the descriptions of the types of Coins not in

the

Museum

are printed in italics.

As the Coins
and not the

in the

volume are

all Silver

Pennies (unless
is

otherwise described), the weight only of each piece

size or metal.

given,

This volume has been compiled by Mr. H. A. Grueber, F.S.A.,

Assistant Keeper of Coins, and by Mr. Charles F. Keary, F.S.A.,

the author of the

first

volume.

Mr. Keary

is

responsible for

the Introduction, and Mr. Grueber for the description of the

Coins, the Indexes, the Illustrations, and for seeing the

work

through the

press.

BAKCLAY

y.

HEAD.

2 1 .'55135

CONTENTS.
PAGB

PREFACE INTRODUCTION
Arrangement

iii

Contents of Present

......... ......
Volume
in

xi
xi

xi
xii

Typos and Moneyors not

Relation of coinage to history

History
Ec^'beorht

Rise of the power of Wessex

...... .......... .....

National Collection included
.

xii
xiii xiii

xiii

Battles of Camel ford and Ellandune

Extent of power of Ecgbeorht

Institution of a

.....
.

xiv

xv
xvii

West Saxon coinage Distinction between Kentish and West Saxon types Type derived from Prankish coinage
.

First

coming of the Vikings

.... .....
.
. . . . .

xix

xx
xxi
xxii
xxiii
xxiii

Coins carried by Vikings from England to Ireland

^thelwulf
Viking attacks on England continued
jEthclbald's rebellion and the j^artitiun of the

Kingdom.

xxv
xxvii

iEthelbald

Extreme
^thelbearht
.ffithelred I

rarity of ^Ethelbald's coins

.........
England
from
. '

cannot be explained

xxvii
xxviii
xxviii xxviii

Vilving invasion of

The
'

three great invasions of

covered by the present volume

Vikinga

'

distinguished

and eleventh centuries

Republican character of
Invasion of Wessex

tiie

Alfred
First

..........
payment
of

...... .... .... .......

Danes
.
'

England during the period

xxix
the
.

of

tenth
. .

xxix

Vikings

xxx
xxxii
xxxii
xxxiii

ransom
of

to the
.

Vikings

London coinage

Hal fdan

.....
. . .

xxxiv

VI

rONTKNTS.
UnnuuyJVAtntlroHtintiril.
rriici<

<linK "f ({ullKjnn'H

army
.
.

I'lw't-

of

Wwlnioro
tin-

Im'ni' in

|M>wor of

Kiij,'liHh kinfjH

UikIiUi of coliiHgt!

r<-C!rvr<l

for over-king
.

lABt m-riouH nttiy-k of the Vikings

Clironologiral orrangonifiit of ^Tiifrcds coinage

Viking. coinages, bnrbaroua Imitotions of Wcbbcx coinage,

A<-

FninkiMil

and Scandinavian moneyers

'

Snniiiinry of

Viking' coinages

Jjidwwird

tiic

Elder

Rebellion of iEthclbald
F'xteiminn of

West Saxon
//Hr(;i

Iluilding of the

.....
rule

Sulimiiwion nf Vikinj:;3

))y

'armies'

Improvement of coinage under Eadweard the Elder

ifltlielHtnn

.......
in

Scandinavian States

Northern Europe
.

South-Humbrian and Northumbrian Danes

CJreatnesB of ^Ethelstan

Nmiiismatic records of extension of English rule

Uiittle of

Brunauburg

Eadniund

..... ..... .......

the Northumbrian

Kndmund and
Eadn'd

Danes

Submission of the Five Burgs and of Northumbria

Kovolt of Northumbria

........ ....
peace begins with Eadwig

Nortliumbriau coinage an evidence of power of Danish

Kings of Northumbria
Ett'lwi;:

Em of txternal
Ealg5ir

Religious struggles

.... ........ ..... .....

to

English and Danes in Wales

Homage
Kavlwtaril
II.

Eadgar on Dee

Coinnge of Eadgar

.... ..... .....

....

.Klholretl II

Cntues of the decoy of the English nation

Bncial and religious divisions

<

Renewal of Nortliern invasions >lnf Tryggvasmi

CONTENTS.
HiSTOEY

vu

jEthelied

11.

continued.

Battle of Maldou

Olaf and Svend

JSthelred's revenge on

Massacre of

St. Brice

.... ....
Danes
in

Ixxiii

Ixxiv

England

Ixxv
Ixxvi Ixxvi
Ixxvii Ixxvii
Ixxviii

Fall of Olaf Tryggvason at Svold

Marriage of ^thelred and

Invasion of Svend
.

Emma

Dancgeld

.....
.... ....
.

Conquest of England by Svend

Ixxix Ixxix

Death of Svend
Invasion of Cnut

Ixxix

Eadmund

Ironside

Lxxx Ixxx
Ixxx

Treaty of Olney

Death of Eadmund Ironside

Coinage of Ethelred
navia

......
II.
;

its

great influence

ScandiIxxxi
Ixxxii

Cnut
Scandinavian Empire ruled by Cnut
Establishment of standing army of huscarls
.

Ixxxii
Ixxxiii

Peace established by Cnut

Cnut's viceroys

....
^theling
. .

Ixxxiv
Ixxxvi
Ixxx^^ii

Harold

Murder
Harthacnut

of iElfred the

Ixxxvii
Ixxxviii Ixxxviii

Fall of Cnut's Empire

.....
.

Coinage of Danish kings

Ixxxix
xcii xcii
xciii

Edward the Confessor The house of Godwine Norman influence

Harold II

xciv
xciv

Invasion of Harthacnut and Tostig

Battle of Stamford Bridge

Norman Conquest Coinage of Edward

MONEYERS

.....
. .
.

xcv
xcv
xcvi

the Confessor and of Harold II

XCVlll
xcviii

Large number of moneyers' names

Difficulties in the

way of determining exact form intended Earlier moneyers' names all Anglo-Saxon forms Appearance of Frankish and Scandinavian names
Status of moneyer
Signification of
'

xcix
cii
ciii
ciii

Mouct.,'

...... "...
'

Moneta

cv

Vtll

CONTENTS.
TAOK

Tviw
llmir
n-lifcioiw
(Icaifni*.

cvi

rimniotcr
ImiMingii,

Kloml

Ac, on coinB

Origin or myal buat, crown, helmet, &c.

roitraituro on coinH
Inilc|M>nJfnt

.... .....
.

cvii
cvii
cvii

cvii
cviii

chamctcr of typos of English coins

MrjfTfl

Anglo-Saxon laws relating

Qrowtb of mints
Diflloiilticfl in

identifying mints

Chanj^ps of dies

........ ...... ........

to

mints

...
. .

cviii

cviii

ciz

ex

ex
cxi-cxxi

Historical notes on doubtful and new mints BuMMAUT of History and Anglo-Saxon coinage Map or Enoi^nd illustrating the Anglo-Saxon Mints.
. .

....

cxxi

CATALOGUE
Kingdom of Wessex
ECGUEoRIlT
1
1 1

Moneyers

Ty|KS
Coins
.aitbelwulf
.

9 9
9
.

Mont'jers

Types
Coins
iEtholhald

13
21
21

Monoyere
Coins
.tl)clbearlit

21

22 22

Moneyers

Typos
Coins
iBthclred
I.

22 23

27
.

Moneyers

27 27 28

Types
Coins
.1frpd

32
.

Bloneyers

32
33 38

Types
Coins

CONTENTS.
Kingdom of Wessex continued. Eadweard the Elder
Moneyers

IX
PACE

Types
Coins
.ffithelstan

Moneyers.

Types
Coins

Eadmund
Moneyers

........ ......... ........ .........

83

83
84 87
101

101

103

105

122
122 123 124 142

Types
Coins

Eadred
Moneyers

Types
Coins

.......... .........

142

143
144

Eadwig
Moneyers

156 156
156
158

Types
Coina

Kingdom of England
Eadgar
Moneyers
Types
Coins

........ .......... .........

II.

163 163 163

165 168

Eadweard
Types
Coins

(The Martyr)

Moneyers

.........
.

191
191

192
.

192 197
197

^thelra3d II

Moneyers
Types
Coins

.........
.........

202 208

Cnut
Moneyers

243
243 248
255 302

Types
Coins

Harold

Moneyers
Types
Coins

302
304 307

CONTENTS.
KiNitiN)M or V.s^^l.^Sl^-continu(l.

MoiM'jTrn

...-

320

Typwi
CoinH

^^^

325
Confessor

Kdwnnl

tlio

329

Mom-yoni

329 334 339

460

Typ<*
Coins
Iliiroia II

Monoycre

...... .........
......... ........

460
461

Typos
Coins

461

Ikpkxrs
(Jcniml Index

475

477

Index of Moneyora

495
532 537
541

IndcxofTyjKB
Index of MiuU)

Tables

INTRODUCTION.

The

present volume of the

Catalogue of English Coins Arrange*^^^^"

continues and completes the description of the coins which

were struck in this country between the Coming of the English and the Norman Conquest. As it was impossible to describe in one volume the whole number of pieces, issued during this period, which are contained in the National Collection, the arrangement adopted has been to distribute the coinage into certain classes corresponding to the different heptarchic kingdoms in which the coins were struck. The heptarchic kingdoms of which we possess coins are five Mercia, Kent, East Anglia, Northumbria, and Wessex. The
coinages of the
first

four of these districts are

of

described in
for

Volume
These
its

I.

The coinage
it

Wessex has been reserved

the present volume, as

last

merges into that of All England.

say, rather, this single series in

two

series

more extensive than those kingdoms put together and if the first object kept in view had been the preservation of a uniformity in the size of the volumes, it would have been better to describe in Volume I. the coinage of Wessex down, say, to the reign of Eadgar, and to reserve the coinage of All England and Eadgar's coins may fairly be so described But this arrangement would have for the second Volume. into a series which is really continuous involved breaking and the compilers of the Catalogue felt that that would be
completeness
is

or

of course

of the other

too

great a

sacrifice

to

superlicial uniformity.

make for the sake As it is, we see that

of a merely

the body of

the present volume contains, with indexes, &c., 54.4 pages

as

description of

compared with the 282 pages of Volume I., and the 4106 coins as compared with 2558 previously

xii

INTRODUCTION.

aoHoribod.

Tlina tho wlu.lo collection of Anplo-Saxon coins preferred, of in the HritiHli MuHoum, or, if the exproHHion bo previons to tho Norman Conquest, coins struck l.y the EntjliHli

njoment i'liU'A. volume the plan was adopted of enlarf,Mng the In the last contents of tho Catalogue somewhat beyond the limits suggested by its title and its immediate purpose, by inserting, in the lists of monejers, names which are not represented in the Of the present volume the scheme National Collection.

numbers

at the present

has

been further extended to include

all

types of coins

whether or not represented among the Museum coins. The comparative poverty of the National Collection in certain branches as, for example, in the coins of iEthelred II., of which the Stockholm Museum possesses a much larger number than does the British Museum rendered this extension of the jdan of the Catalogue highly desirable if not

absolutely necessary.

period of history covered by the coinage described in volume extends from the accession of Ecgbeorht of the lirst king of Wessex who struck coins to the AVcssex Norman Conquest, or from a.d. 802 to a.d. 106d, a period of To speak, however, with strict two centuries and a half. accuracy we should date the beginning of the period from the

Tho

this

battle of Ellandune, a.d. 825, for, as will presently be seen, it

is

not probable that Ecgbeorht struck any

money before

that

event.

To some extent
first

the present period

overlaps that

covered by tho

volume.

It is necessary to

assume that
is

the reader of the present Introduction has read, or

position to read, the Introduction to

in a

and the body of the

preceding volume; for

it would be impossible to repeat at length either the history of the coinage or the description

of certain series of coins there given.

It

is,

again, not the

part of the compilers of the Catalogue to enter into any-

thing like a detailed

history of

England

for

the

period

under consideration. The only details to which we need descend are those which immediately afi'ect the issue of the These will not be many. As a rule, the point at coinage. which the history of the currency touches political history
is

in

the wider social aspects of the latter.

It

illustrates

INTRODUCTION.
the peaceful or disturbed state of the country by
or its barbarism
;

Xlll

its

excellence

the wealth of the country at any jmrticular

its quantity. Some of the coinages with which we have to deal are records of the recovery of England by the English kings for we find .^Ethelstan and his successors striking at mint places which a short while before had been in the hands of the Danes. At another time the coinage of England, taken in connection with those of some neighbour

time by

which had taken England and the Scandinavian countries of Europe. But even in such cases as these we must not look to the coins to give us exact dates or any of the minute
countries,
is

a record of the rapprochement

place between

details of history.

The reign
period
in

the history

of Ecgbeorht brings to a close the first great Histoky. of the English, that of the long Ecgbeorht.

struggles between the heptarchic kingdoms of England. These struggles, as was pointed out in the last volume, were due chiefly, first to the rivalries of Northumbria and Mercia, secondly to the rivalries of Mercia and Wessex. Mercia rose for a second time to pre-eminence under Ofia, with whom begins the continuous (penny) coinage of England and it retained this pre-eminence under Coenwulf, Ofia's son. In their reigns the kings of Kent and East Anglia were little better than viceroys to the kings of Mercia. Beorhtric, the king of Wessex, Ofta's son-in-law, was in much the same position. Ecgbeorht, the legitimate prince, was driven from Wessex and took refuge at the Court of Charles the Great. It is probable that his exile dates from the marriage of Beorhtric to the daughter of Offa, and was continued till Beorhtric's death, that is for
:

a period of thirteen years (a.d. 789-802).*

We need not here stay to discuss the theories which have been enunciated of the imperial ambition which might have been fostered in Ecgbeorht's mind by his friendship with the first emperor of the New Western Empire. For there was in reality nothing essentially new in the policy of
See Die. Nat. Bhg.
s.v.

Egbert.

xiy

INTROniTCTION.
uiulor hor

W0H8OX
jM.licy

now

kin^.

of

nil

the

lioi)tftrchic

kiiiKH
it.

EcgboorlifH policy wrh the who Mt thomselves

Hutlii-irntly

Mroup, to cntcrtftin

The

poHition of WoHsex,
itH

howovor, as jin outpoHt of iMigli.sh king to concern himsolf much with

hiH

conquest, obliged
the

subjugation of

North Welsh of Wales proper Welsh of Cornwall. This warfare in which and the West Ecgbeorht was first engaged was the concern of Wessex, After his not in any sense a national English warfare. victories over the Celts (First harrying of the West Welsh,
Celtic neighl)()urH, the

815; victory of Camelford a.d. 825), the policy of Wessex required that Ecgbeorht should, if possible, assert his supremacy over ]\Iercia, or he would once more sink into Ecgbeorht's Welsh wars were so far from iusigniticance. being national wars, that Mercia had taken advantage of them to invade Wessex. But Mercia was no longer as great Ecgbeorht as it had been when Ecgbeorht fled to Fraucia. was favoured by the failure of the great line of Ofifa, by the rise of kings of inferior worth, and, as is probable, by a (Deposition of Ceolwulf, and accession disputed succession. not of Ofta's line, a.d. 822 or 4. See Vol. I. of Beornwulf,
A.I).
' '

p. Iviii.)

Beornwulf was defeated by Ecgbeorht at the battle of This victory established the before spoken of. supremacy of Wessex. The Clironicle continues, speaking He then sent .."Ethelwulf his son of Ecgbeorht with Ealhstan his bishop, and Wulfheard his ealdorman, to Kent with a large force and they drove Baldred the king north And the Kentish people and those of over the Thames. Surrey, and the South Saxons and the East Saxons turned to him because they had been unjustly forced from his kinsmen.'*

EUandune

'

From

hi$ nutgum.
ftn.>

hcrr muiDt
K<-j;l)oorlit

^fa^lJ luay nitftii only a neighbour. But the kinsmen prolwbly tho former kings of Wessex, such as Inc. of whom WHS a rehiticin, not a descemlant. There is jxrhaps a difficulty
*
*

nferring the him' {him tocirdon, turned to him ') to EogUorht. Mr. Earle translates toei'rdon as 'turned away from,' and refers the him to Rnldre-l, rondiring the whole pajssage, 'They drove Baldred the king over the Thames and the Kentish men threw off their allegiance to him, as did the men of Surrey, Sussex, and Essex, on the ground that they had Ux>n originally unjustly subdued by his family.'
for this translation in
;

INTRODUCTION.
This event
coinage.

XV
the West Saxon kingdom of "Wessex

heralds

the

foundation of

The

addition of Essex to the

does not seem to have been maintained.

protection of Ecgbeorht, and

The year following the East Anglians too prayed the when Beornwulf the king of

Mercia sought to punish them, they defeated and slew him. The same fate befell Beornwulf s successor Ludican. Ecgbeorht obtained a sort of supremacy over the East Engle and in a.d. 829 the Northumbrians even consented to

acknowledge his over-lordship.

It
is

now

that

we

first

hear of the

title

of Bretwalda

about which there has been so

historians.

much

discussion

among

According to the Chronicle it is the same as the imperial title which Beda bestows upon some of the
early heptarchic kings.
certain kings, but in a fashion

ascribes this imperium to which appears so arbitrary that it is difficult to formulate any tenable theory as to what it could have signified, or what was the bretwalda-dom which the But concerning the latter Chronicle says is the same thing. I think we may assume that it was rather a bookish distinction than a real one. A title of pre-eminence which is not bestowed upon the famous and magnificent Offa could not have had any strict relation to the possession of real power. Still, an empty title is quite as often an object 'of ambition as real power, more especially among barbarous or half barbarous peoples and in reading history we are apt to give too definite a meaning to such words as suhmission, tribute, supremacy. Concerning the real power of Ecgbeorht in England the one thing of which we may be sure is that The Northumbrians it did not extend beyond the Humber. we are told met him at Dore (near Sheffield), or by the stream Dore,* and made submission. The formal act, which had no real political significance, was, we may be sure, all that Ecgbeorht required. The Northumbrian kings con-

Beda

This Dore continuctl to be

s. a.

Chron. (Earlo)
pass.

942.

The word
(witli

\Vc
'

may compaie

See A.S. used here fur mountain a difference) the name OSgisdyr (the River
tlie
is sinii)ly
'

northern boundary of Mercia

door,'

Eyder),

CEgir's door.'

xvi
liiiuc.l to iHHUP

INTHODITTION.
ft

coinage of

tlicir

own, uninflnonced by

tliat

of Houthorn Knglutid.

Ovrr

Mrrriii, for

some

tinio aftor

the victory of Ellandune,

the influence of Wessex, as diHtinguiahed from its direct rule, After their long rivalry, the kings of wuM very great.
Morrift
rcinftincd
for

Wessox kingH,
blood.

allied

some generations the allies of the for the most part both in policy and in
however, that the ancient rivalries

It is probable,

of the two kingdoms would have revived, had not the Viking invasions given a wholly new complexion to English
history.

Over Kent, including therewith Surrey and the decayed kingdom of Sussex, the power which the king of Wessex acquired after the battle of Ellandune was much greater we have seen that as a result of the battle all this country, that is to say, all the territory south of the Thames, was definitely added to the possessions of the House of Cerdic. Wessex and Kent, however (the latter name henceforward includes Surrey and Sussex) continued to be separate kingdoms, each retaining no doubt its distinctive laws and customs and generally they were governed by different members of the West Saxon House. When the head of the house was on the throne of Wessex, the eldest son or the heir designate was usually King of Kent. In one case the King of Kent was especially debarred from accession to the throne of Wessex and in another instance we have the relations of the kingdoms reversed, the father reigning as King of Kent and the son as King of Wessex. But this inversion of the usual arrangement was the result of a
;
;

rebellion.*

The establishment then

of

the kings of

Wessex

in the

supremacy in Heptarchic England is the first great event in English history covered by the period over which
extend the coinages described in this volume. It is also the Inst event of importance previous to the Viking invasion of
southern England.

"gSbL

'^^*^

beginning of the West Saxon coinage must not be

See below,

p.

xsv.

INTRODUCTION.
looked upon
as bronglit about

XVU

by the wide conquests of

Ecgbcorht, so much as by the incidental fact that his conquests included Kent. The coinage of this king is in fact really a Kentish rather than a West Saxon coinage. This
is

the coins of Ecgbeorht as

shown almost conclusively by the names of moneyers on compared with the names on
;

the coins of his predecessors, the last kings of Kent, or of

and by the types of Ecgbeorht's coins as compared with those of the same rulers. We must remember, further, that many of the coins of the kings of Mercia were probably likewise struck in Kent, and that when we find, as we do, the same moneyers' names occurring on the
again,

the Archbishops of Canterbury, his contemporaries

coins of a king of Mercia

battle of Ellaudune,

who reigned not long

before the

and on the coins of Ecgbeorht, the probability is that these moneyers were Keutishmen who struck first for one master of their country, and then for

the other.

Applying

this test,

we
;

find that eight at least of

Ecg-

beorht's three-and-twenty moneyers, struck either for the

kings of Mercia or Kent

in other words, that these

men

were probably coining in Kent before the battle of Ellaudune. This is as many as the average of moneyers who continue in a new reign from the preceding one. Thus of iEthclwulf s thirty-eight moneyers a much smaller proportion, only about six, are survivals from the preceding reign. There is therefore a greater air of continuity from the coinage of Ecgbeorht's predecessors in Kent to that of Ecgbcorht himself, than there is from the coinage of Ecgbeorht to that of his son so that on this ground alone it would be fair to assume that Ecgbeorht began to strike coins only as a king of Kent. The same conclusion is enforced by a comparison of Ecgbeorht's types with those of his predecessors in Kent, as we shall presently have occasion to see.
;

The reader must be referred to the Introduction to the preceding volume for the history of the introduction of a coinage
into
this country, and of the intimate relations which long subsisted between the currencies issued on the two

xviii

INTRODUCTION.
TIio conclusion to be

buIgb of the EnRlisli Chnnnfl.

drawn

between the Prankish and English iiioiicy, is that the coinage was then as much used for purposes of commerco between England and France as for
from the close
rcliitionHliii)

relationship between the English

censes witli Ecgbeorht's reign
;

The close the purpoHcH of internal trade in this country. and the Frankish coinages
and, as

we

shall

have occasion

to see in the latter part of this sketch, its place is before

long taken by a relationship between the coinage of England and those of the Peoples of the North.

Wessex, on her side, we know, had not experienced the yet we t)f a currency before the time of Ecgbeorht cannot suppose that in other elements of civilization Wessex was behind her rival hcptarchic kingdoms with the ex\Yant
;

ception perhaps of Northumbria.

It possessed, for

example,

an admirable code of laws in those of Ine.

If wo compare the laws of Ine with the earlier or contemporary Kentish laws (those of iEthelbearht or of
"NVihtred),

we

see that while in the latter the fines

imposed

arc evidently reckoned in a current coinage, in the

Wessex

laws they are reckoned in the solidus, the usual money of The reckoning by the solidus of account is found, account.
it need hardly be said, long before the introduction of an Anglo-Saxon coinage into this country (Vol. I. p. v.). We have, moreover, in the West Saxon laws the value of parts of

cattle

the same

reckoned in and this makes it probable that the custom of cattle payments was still largely in use though no doubt payment by weight of metal was the

parts

of the ox, the eye, the horn, &c.

money

of account

usual one.
A.s,

earlier years of his reign,

previous to the accession of Ecgbeorht and in the Wessex did not feel the need of currency, it is quite possible that it continued to do
till

death. Nay, we shall, as will one incident in the numismatic history of the West Saxon kings best explainable on the

without one
presently

this king's

appear,

find

supposition that,
iEtholbald,
It

till

after the death of Ecgbeorht's grandson,

Kent

still

provided

all

the currency of the south'.

would not, however, be

safe to rely

upon

this isolated piece

INTRODUCTION.

XIX

of evidence, nor even to assert that Ecgbeorht did not strike

coins to Wessex, it seems most reasonable to ascribe to it those with the legends SAX and SAXON lORVM (for Saxonum),* which we have j^laced last in the list of Ecgbeorht's types. For at any rate these types are original and owe nothing to the influence of coins struck in Kent before it was acquired by the West Saxons. This attribution is perhaps upon the whole the most reasonable. If we compare the types of Ecgbeorht's coins with those of the coins of the kings of Mercia and Kent, and the Archbishops of Canterbury, we find that (as has been already said) the large majority of the former are only
copies.

money for Wessex. If we attribute any of Ecgbeorht's

Thus
ii.

Type

may be

derived from the coins of Ceolwulf

Vol.
I.

I.,

king
I.,

of Mercia [a.d.

822-823 or 824].
lb. p. 40,
its

p. 40,

PL

ix. 4.

Type

iv.

has also a prototype in the coins of Ceolwulf

king of Mercia.

PL
cf.

ix. 5.

Type
Types
(obv.).

vi.

has

prototype in the coins of Coenwulf, king

Ih. p. 35,

of Mercia [a.d. 796-822],

vii.

PL

viii. 8.

(reverse) xv. (obverse) are copied

[a.d.
is

from coins of

Baldred, king of Kent

This, as

806-825].
the king

lb. p. 70,

PL

xi.

11

we know,
ix.

whom Ecgbeorht

drove

out of Kent.

Types
69,

viii.

and

(reverse) are from coins of CiiSred, king

of Kent, the predecessor of Baldred [a.d. 796-806]. lb. pp. 68,

PL xi. 3, 4 (reverses), 7 (obverse), and 6, 7 (reverses). The obverses of Types xi. and xii., the reverses of xv.,
probably only developments of the type of the
lb. p. 70,

xvi. are all

coins of Baldred.

PL

xi.

9 (reverse).

Agreeably with the been generally adopted in this catalogue, of placing the coins with the indications of a mint-name before those which have none, those pieces
i.

Type

calls

for special notice.

principle,

which

has

'

Saxoniorum
(Die.

'

is

a ridiculous form, probably clue only to the ignorance of

the moneyer or of the clerk of .Alfred

who gave him

liis

pattern.
title

Nat.

Biog.),

says that the

Freeman, in his life 'Rex iSaxonum wna

'

unknown

before the time of Alfred,

and was not common afterwards.

is incorrect.

Tliose

coins, of course,

show that the former statement

XX
which flpcm
typo
irt

INTUODUCTION.
to

have upon thorn

tlio

monogram
tlio

of the city
reign.

of Ciiiit<rhury are

made

tlie

first

typo of

The

Kont, and therefore, whatever may ho thouglit of the otlier types, tliis one must have hoou issued suhsequcnt to the battle of Ellandune. And though it is an original type it is far from improbable that
ovitlently one struck in
it

was one of the

reason, that

first

coins struck in Ecgbeorht's reign

for
is

this

the

monogram on

the reverse

(C^C)
k<^s

without doubt copied from the Karolus-monogram

on

Now Charlemagne died the coinage of Charles the Great. 814, and the monogram was not again brought into in A.D.
use on the Frankisli coinage until the days of Charlemagne's grandson, Charles the Bald, who came to the throne after

The reverse of this Type i. of the death of Ecgbeorht.* Ecgbeorht occurs also on the coins of CeolnoS, Archbishop see Vol. i., PI. xiii. 7. But of Canterbury (a.d. 833-870) though the archiepiscopate of CeolnoS begins before the doath of Ecgbeorht, it extends long subsequent to it so that there is nothing to negative the supposition that the arch;
;

bishop's coin

was copied from that of the West Saxon king.

In truth, from the occurrence of this type in the Delgany hoard (see below, p. xxii.), we may feel pretty sure that it

was

in use before the accession of CeolnoS. Ecgbeorht's intimate relations with Charlemagne give a certain interest

to this example of one of the types of his coins derived from one of those of the western emperor, and to the possibility

that this imitation of Prankish coins

may have

inaugurated

Tliia derivation of

Ecgbeorht's

(AC

coins from the

i^%

(or |fc&^) coins

of ("hnrlcnmgiio has an important bearing npon

French nTiniismatics. For it was lit one time keenly ilisputed among French numismatists whether any of llu> coins wliirh bear tiiis Carol us or 'Karolus' monogram were to be ultrihutrd to Charlemagne, or whether all should not rather bo ascribed to
' '

C'hnrloB the Duld,

o. II,

who
p.

at the edict of Pitrcs, a.d. S64

I'JO)

{EdMum
it

Pistense,

r.rtz,
f,.r

Li.jri, I.,

re-established this type,

and made
is

the sole

Uy>\\ on,^

his future issues.

Knplisli coinage I>efore

found copied on the the accessi.iu of Charles the Bald, and thirty years
tvpe

The

fact that tlie

or

more lH-fort> the date of the edict of Pitres, is decisive of the controversy. But this nrgument has, so far as I know, never Ijcen employed by French

numisnintittt^.

INTRODUCTION.
his coinage
sliip
;

XXI

thougli the accidents of commercial relationhave on the whole much more to do with determining the types of coins than royal alliances or enmities. And this interest is the greater from the fact above alluded to, that close relationship between English and Frankish coins ceases with this or the following reign. After the introduction of a coinage by Ecgbeorht, which,

now agreed, followed upon the supremacy of Wessex in the battle of Ellandune, there was no other event of great importance for the history of southern England or the history of its coinage until the invasion of the country by the Vikings. The preparations for this event had already begun. The first appearance of the Vikings was in the previous and so far as we can ascertain the first attack century made by these northern pirates was upon the English coast. In the year 787, according to the Saxon Chronicle, or 78!),
it

may

be assumed we are

final assertion of the

according to the true date, three ships of the pirates landed

Beaduheard, In 793 the pirates appeared in quite a different quarter, on the Northumbrian coast, where they fell upon the holy island of Lindisfarne, and slaughtered the greater part of the monks of Cuthbert's foundation on that island. The saint revenged himself, the chronicler tells us for the next year the pirate fleet was shipwrecked near Monkwearmouth and the crews were drowned or slain. The attacks next fell upon South Wales, and the Vikings, driven thence, came for the first time to Ireland (a.d. 795), which for the next halfcentury was to bear the principal brunt of their ravages.* From about this time onwards the pirates began to make settlements on the Irish coast. It went so far that in a.d. 832 a great royal fleet f of Vikings came to Ireland, under the leadership of a certain Turgesius or Thorgisl. This Thorgisl, after some years of fighting, founded a short-lived
coast, killed the port-reeve,

upon the southern

trifle

took some

of booty

and

sailed

away

again.

'

'

Gwent. Chron.

s. a.
;

(Toa<l) R. S. pp. 4-5

t

795 Ann.

(Ciinib. Arcliax)!.
Ult.
s.

Assoc); WaroftheGaec1hll,&c.
8.

a.
;

794
cf.

Four Mast.

a.

790.

War, &c. (Tudd) R. dmn, p. 174 and uyto.

S. pp.

8-9

Kcary, Viliiujg

in

Western Cliristcn-

xxii

INTRODUCTION.

kingdom in tho northern lialf of Irolanrl in Loth-Cuind or Conn'n lialf. TliorgiBl's iJut there kingdom lasted from a.d. 842 to a.d. HI';. were Ix'sidcs many other settlements of Vikings on the
Scnndiimviftn
tlio division cnllod

iHlnnd.
It is just before the
gisl

to

Ireland
;

that

the

coming of this great fleet of ThorViking attacks upon England

iiogin again

and there seems good reason to believe that

these renewed attacks came, not directly from the Baltic or

the North Sea, but from Ireland.

The

first

attack was upon

A hoard of English coins some of the island of Shcppey. kings of Kent and Archbishops of Mercian kings, some of Canterbury, with a few of Ecgbeorht's coins was discovered in Delgany, near Wicklow, in Ireland, in or about the year

1874.

The

latest date at

which any
;

of these coins

could

have been struck was a.d. 830 and it seems probable that all of them, if not actually struck in the county of Kent (which may very well have been the case with all), were at any rate current there. There seems no better explanation
of
all

the circumstances attending this deposit, the date to

latest coin of the

which the

(the east coast of Ireland) to which

hoard belongs, and the place it has been carried,

than to suppose that it was carried oflF to Ireland by the Vikings who attacked Sheppey in a.d. 835. For who else but these Vikings were at that period likely to have traversed the sea between the two countries ? And though it is not
certain,
it is

highly probable, that the pirates

who

carried

their hoard over to the sister island,

had come thence to

sail

England.*
In A.D. 836 the crew of a Viking fleet of thirty-five
dfft-atod the

English at Charmouth, and in 838 the Vikings allied themselves with the Celts of Cornwall for an attack upon the king of the West Saxons. The combined army

was

met and defeated by Ecgbeorht at * Hengestdune (Hengstone),t and that event put an end to the Viking
See the pnper by
t

Jlr.

(now Sir John) Evans, "

A lioard

of coins found

at IX-lgany in Ireland; "

Num. Chron.
[

1882, p. 61, sqq.

AS.

Chrvn.

s.

a.

835

= 838?].

INTRODUCTION.
attacks in

XXUl

England during the reign

of Ecgbeorht,

who

died

either in a.d. 838 or a.d. 839.*

At the beginning of ^thelwulf's reign the Viking attacks -3]:thelwulf. were renewed. We find the Vikings in the south of England defeated at Southampton and victorious at Portsraouth(840)t and in the eastern shires, Lincolnshire, East Anglia, Kent, (841), I and finally plundering both London and Eochester Then for some years the attacks cease. On both (842) . sides of England the Northmen were more active than they were in this country. In Ireland they had, as we have seen, got so far as to establish a temporary Scandinavian kingdom and, even after the breaking up of this in 845, their attacks continued to be almost incessant. And it is about the time of the first cessation of the Viking raids on the English coasts that much more serious and determined ones began on the towns and abbeys which lay along the chief rivers of France and Germany, the Loire, the Garonne, the Seine, the Ehine, and the Elbe. The attacks on Ireland probably came from the Norsemen of the west coast of Norway the attacks on France came from the Baltic countries (Denmark and South Norway). England lay between the two streams. One attack on England, more serious than the preceding ones, has to be noticed. It occurred in a.d. 850 or 851, and was due to the successes of the Vikings upon the continent. The leader of the expedition was a Dane, Eorik by name, who for a time had held a fief of the empire. He had now adopted the life of a Viking, and at the head of his fleet of 350 sail he steered to tlie English coast, sailed inside the island of Thanet and up the Stour to Canterbury, and from Canterbury he and his fleet came up the Thames to attack

||

We

have a charter of Ecgbeorht and uEthclwulf which seems

It is first written in

to give

us the exact date of Ecgbeorht's death.

838,

and

is

confirmed in 889; and at the latter date ^Ethclwulf says that this first of his reign (Kemble, Codex J)ipl. I., pp. 318-321, No. 240).
last expression is not exact,

3-car is

the

Still this

and we cannot be absolutely certain between the

J
1I>.

dates 838 and 839.

t A. S. Chron.
II

s.

a.

837.

838.

lb. 839.
Vikinfis, &c.,

Ann. Fuhl. 850; Ann. Xant. 850; Ann. Bert. 852; Kcary,
It will

p. 303, nqq.

be seen that the chronology

is

confused for this period.

XXiv
Ix)nlon,
tli<'

INTUOUUCTION.
cliirl

city of tlio

Mercian kingdom.*

Bcorht-

wulf. (he
biittlt;

kill','

of Merrill, oiicountorod the Vikinf,'H in a pitched

and wan ntlr>rly dofcatod. The victors idiindercd London and spread north of the; Thames. Presently they apiin crossed the river and came once more into the territory of yT:th(d\vulf, king of Wessex, or perhaps, to speak more The father accurately, of his son iEthelbald, king of Kent. and son collected an army to attack the Danes, and the latter
suflered a defeat at Ockley,

which

is

represented as a signal

one, not in the English chronicles only, but in those of the

Franks.f Ilowbcit in the same year we find the strangers wintering for the first time on English ground, namely, in the And this event is much more important island of Thauet.

than their defeat at Ockley, and much more portentous for the future than any which had been recorded up to that It seems that the Vikings began about the same time.
period to take up winter quarters in

many
'

of the districts

which had been the scenes of their attacks; J and it is probable that all the different fleets or armies began just
'

mere an invading nation. We do not hear of the little army of Vikings ever being expelled from its settlement upon the edge of Kent, though we hear once at least of a desperate effort being

now

insensibly to extend their policy, and from being

pirates

gradually

became

in

some

sense

made

Still, it is probable that there to storm its camp. were periods in which the Vikings quite disappeared from English soil ; and though a succession of raids and alternate defeats and victories of the English are reported in succeed-

ing years (a.d. 853, 855, 8G0,

S(jd),

we have no important
Viking

change

in the situation to record until the great

invasion of

England

in the year 866.

The only event

here, for
is
it

in

this interval

which needs recording

In this year

may have had some

influence on the coinage,

the

rebellion of iEthelbald in a.d. 856.

A. S. Chron. s.a. 851 [A. D.-F.], 853 [B.

t A. S. Chruii. ul sup.; AiiHahit Ilcrtiani,
X Stcenstrup, Noritmnticrnc,
I.

C.].
s. a.

850

(^IVrlz, vol.

i.

445).

p.

2G4

Keaiy,

o. c. p.

30G.

A.

6'.

Chum

a..n.

853 [A, D. E,j, 854 [B.

C]

INTRODUCTION.
iEtlielwiilf maclo a pilgrimage to

XXV

Rome, and on his return through Francia espoused Judith, the daughter of Charles the Bald, king of West Francia. This was the second time that an English king had married a Frankish princess, the first occasion being that of the marriage of ^thelberht of Kent with Berchta, the daughter of Charihert king of Paris, which brought in its train the evangelization of the English. The marriage of ^thelwulf and Judith was solemnized at Verberie by the famous Hincmar, archbishop of Eheims.* Charles made it a condition of the marriage that his daughter should be crowned queen and sit beside her consort,t an honour which the English law or custom forbade to the wife of the king.} .ZEthelwulf had several children by his former wife. The succession to the throne rested among the Teutonic people upon no fixed principle of primogeniture and there are certainly to be found among them instances in which the superior rank of the mother gave a superior title to the throne though this was rather among the heathen Teutons, in the case where the king had several contemporaneous
;

wives.

It

is

possible,

therefore,

that

this

elevation

of

Judith to the rank of a queen consort was (should she have

children) a real menace to the rights of .lEthelwulf s eldest son .^thelbald. At any rate it gave ofi'ence to a section of

the chief men, bishops and ealdormen, of the kingdom and on his return to his own country iEthelwulf found himself
;

confronted by a rebellion, at the head of which stood his eldest son iEthelbald. Civil war was avoided by the moderation of the king who consented to a partition of the kingdom in a sense the reverse of that which
usually obtained between

the father and

his

eldest

son.

To JEthelbald was given the

chief kingdom, Wessex,

and

Amialcs Bert.

s.

a.

857 (Pertz,

vol.

i.

450).

t Cf. Capit. Caroli II., Coronatio ludithae (Pertz, Ligcs. 1.450). X Asscr,
rch. gei<t. JElfridi (AVise), pp. 10-11; cf. AVilltlmi Malm., 118 {E. U. S., pp. lGS-9). in the case of Ilarald lldrfugr in Norway. Ilarald's chiof wife, wife

Dc

G. R. A.,

II.

As of higlietjt rank,
eon, Erik

Bludox, waa, in virtue of

father's heir.

daughter of the king of Jutland, and tluir hia mother's rank, regarded aa hia Uaralda Swja him Edrfagra, c. 21.
llaguliikl,

waa

XXVi
liifl

INTItOKI (TIOV,

father retained only

tlie (uHiiftlly)

dependent kingdom of

Kent.*

Tor convenience of deHcrij)tion and reference the plan adopted for the arrangement of the types of the coins of the The types earlier West Saxon kings has heen as f(dlows. when they display a head or bust are always placed before

and the coins with the indication of any such indication. Thus, in the earlier reigns, the coins with the name of Canterbury head the classes to which they belong. This is the arrangement adopted in the first volume, where any
those which liave none
;

a mint-place precede the coins devoid of

attempt to distribute the types into an historical sequence must have proceeded largely on guess-work. From the time of ^Filfred an historical arrangement of the types seems
possible,

and from that period

it

has been attempted, though

the principle of heading the coinage of each reign with the

mint-coins has not been

this

system

of

abandoned. It is in virtue of arrangement that the coins PI. II. 1-4

first

appear among the

of -^thelwulf s types.

But

it
;

does

not follow that they were

among

his earliest

issues

and

we might be tempted to explain tbe juxtaposition of the two names DORlBl and cant by reading yTHELWULF REX CANT[I/E] and taking DORIBI (for DOROBERNIA) to bo the name of the mint. This reading would be forced upon us if we had only the types PI. II. 2, 4. But tbe
existence of type
terpretation

PL

II.

rather militates against the in-

suggested.

Should, however, this reading be

the right one, we might suppose that these coins were struck by yEthelwulf subsequent to the repartition of the kingdom in A.D. 85G. The rule over Kent as an under-kiue: did

not include the right of striking coins

bo pretty sure.

f of that we may But when iEthelwulf became once more

:

Assor. p. 9. Asaer says only tbal the eastern part of the kingdom was rttnincd by iEthelwulf, while Jithclbald had the western, the more important

division.

The

the division of the kingdom.

Chronich' makes no mention of the rebellion of iEihclbald, or iElthelstan, the elder brother of /Ethelbald,

hml previously
fact,
il is

to his deuth been king of Kent. He struck no coins. obvious that these under-kings had not the right of coinage.
uoU.'.

In

t fHv last

INTRODUCTION.

XXVll

towards the end of his reign king of Kent only, he may very well have continued to issue money for his separate kingdom.

Which was
bust *) which

the

reasonably sure.
is

of iEthelwulfs types we may be was type xvii. (last type with the retained upon the coinages of iEthelbald
last

It

and iEthelbearht.

No

satisfactory explanation can be offered of the extreme iKthelbald.

which only four specimens, have ever been described, and only three are now known to An explanation (which has already been hinted at) exist.f would indeed be given by the supposition that the so-called West Saxon coinage was still even at this late date almost exclusively a Kentish coinage. For it does not seem certain that -iEthelbald ever reigned as supreme or indejjendent king in Kent. He was king of Wessex between a.d. 856 and the death of his father in 858 and after that date the kingdom of Kent appears to have passed to his brother ^thelbearht.t It seems difficult to believe that this explanation is the true one, and that Wessex had not at this date a regular currency of its own, as much as Kent had. And the acceptance of the contrary theory is made a little more difi&cult by the fact that iEthelbald's solitary type reproduces a type of his father's coinage and is continued in the coinage of his brother and successor. iEthelbald's reign was a scandal to his contemporaries and to the chroniclers of a later time. He not only rebelled against his father, but on his father's death he married his stepmother, that Judith whom we saw married to -^thelwulf two years previously. Judith was still only sixteen, and perhaps can hardly be accounted responsible for the incestuous marriage. At iEthelbald's death (a.d. 860), she returned to her father's court, and after some adventures
rarity of ^Ethelbald's coins, of

* PI. III.

6. is

t The genuineness of the existing specimens are all from the same die.

much

questioned.

They

X Wc have a charter of .<Ethclboarht as king of Kent, dated a.d. 858. Kemble, Codvx, no. 281. Cf. also "SVill. IMalm. 117 (7s. II. S., p. 174). Asdcr, p. lo, Will. Malm. I. c. ; Anii(ih Bert. (IVudentius) 858.

XXViu
of u

INTItOIdCTION.
less HciindiiluuM Hrt, Ix-cnnu' tlu- wife of

more or

I'mMwiii

lintH-di-fir, ('(Hint of Fluiiilcrs, find throu;,'li liini tlio nucts-

troHH of Miitilda, tho wif(! of Williiim the Conqueror.*

^Uu'llKTuhi.

No

other event

of inijtortanee
distinj^Miinhes

for

tlie

history

of tho
(a.d.

coinage of Wesscx

/I'^thelbuld'H

reign

858-8C0), and nono of great moment that of his next During the first tho Viking raids BnccesHor (a. p. 8(!0-8f50), In 8G0 cease altogether; in tlie second tliey are renewed. Wehmd, a leader who had established himself at the Somme, and who was in tho act of concluding a treaty with Charles the Bold, finding his hands tied in Francia,t took the opportunity of sailing with two hundred ships to the Wesscx coast and fell upon and plundered Winchester, the capital of Wesscx ho was subsequently defeated by the united fyrds of Hampshire and Berkshire. t In the winter of 865 we read that the Vikings came to Thanet and wintered there and this appearance of the Danes on the Kentish coast was more ominous than any of the preceding ones, for it was the precursor of a great expedition which took the form of a definite invasion of England, and which before it had come to an end had totally changed the history of this island.
;
:

^Kiialml

I.

In the spring of 806, the year of the accession of .^thelred,

we

find tho

the English on the and about the same timo we find a huge fleet, which had been collected in Francia and Flanders, arriving on the East Anglian coast and establishing itself there from which time the Viking invasion of England begins. There are three great invasions by which England was afllicted during the period covered by the present volume. Thoy form tho three great epochs in her history during
at the

men from Thanet ravaging moment they were treating with

;

the whole of Kent,

basis of a bribe to leave tho country

AiouiUs Deri. (Hincmar), 862-3. She followed Baldwin about dressed man (mutnto liabilu). Charles did not give his eonseut to the marriage till the year 8G3. t AnnaU Bi-rt. SCO (Pnidont.)> 861 (Hincmar), and Kcary, o. c. p. 350.
08 a
X A.
i>.

Chnm.

s. a.

Ilereafttr the references to the Chronicle are not -1. ;?. Chron. e. a. given, aa they corresi>oud nearly always to the correct ye;ir as giwu in the

uarrativf.

INTRODUCTION.
these centuries; and her recovery
the assimilation of the

XXIX
first

from the

two, or

new elements which they

introduced,

constitute the most important part of the history of the

intervening periods. The first of these invasions it will be convenient to speak of as the Viking invasion, the second is that of the Danes under Svend (Swegn) and Cnut, and the
tliird is

the

Norman

Conqiiest which brings our era to a close.

All these three invasions were invasions by Scandinavians, but

by Scandinavians in such different conditions of civilization and government that they must be reckoned almost as three different nations. For this reason, it would be wiser to speak of the first invasion of England, not as the invasion of the Danes but as that of the Vikings. Wlien we examine the lists of moneyers' names for the districts which became subject to these Vikings, we have evidence that there must have been following their banners a very mixed nationality, by no means one of pure Scandinavians. In laws and customs, however, the new-comers were Scandinavians, nay Scandinavians of a very pure type at any rate, of a type comparitively speaking jirimitive and in this respect the Vikings stand contrasted with the Danish nationality, ruled by a single monarch, which w^as the chief agent in the second invasion of England and in still more marked contrast to the Normans who were hardly any longer a Scandinavian folk, for they had adopted most of the laws and customs of their neighbours, the Franks. In the interval between the attack which wo have now to chronicle, which began in a.d. 866, and the attacks which began a hundred years later (a.d. 980) and ended in tlie invasion of Svend and Cnut (a.d. 1003-1016), all the Scandinavian nations had undergone a great trans-

formation.

We

have some traces of the laws which governed the

bodies of Vikings associated at this early period for the sake

of plunder or settlement in England.

As the ambition
size, until

of

the Vikings grew these bodies increased in

from
still

being small armies, they became almost nations.

the same

But

the constitution of the larger and of the smaller bodies was

;

the technical sense, the laws, that

and the same likewise was their Constitution in is, and the customs by

XXX

INTItomCTION.

which their units wen' hfhl inf^cthrr. In thf formor mnaning of tli(< WMid \vr hnvn to noto that tho Hiniiller and lar^ftr activoly bo<lin wrro boforo everything else, armies, whctlior wurfaro or at rest. The invading Vikings of onK'nRf^'l i" always spoken of as A.I). ^iO, and the Huh.scqnont years, are Army (? lure), occasionally as the Great Army (se imjcla the Sometimes the army divides up into two or more here). Armies,' and long after the first great area of conquest was the over wo find mention of a number of lesser armies

Northampton, or the Army of Bedford, &c., when the intention is simply to designate the Vikings settled in The only difference is or about Northampton or Bedford. by this time split up into that what was The Army,' has This latter use of tbe word continues several armies. (chiefly by custom and as.sociation) down to tbe time of the

Army

of

'

second era of invasion. Again, with regard to the Constitution by wbich tbese earlier bodies were governed, we find that they constantly
proclaim
are
all

themselves

Pvcpublics.
title

equal.'*

Yet the

their

leaders.
:

Of one

of

have no king, we sometimes given to these kings a Latin versifier

'^Ye
is

king

says

Solo rex vcrbo sociis tamen imperitabut.' f

The mere use or

'

disuse of a

title,

such as the

title

of

king,'

is

of small importance.

What we may

take to be tbe

essence of tbe Constitution of tbese Vikings, that wbicb made it republican in fact, if not in name, was tbat tbeir leader

had no rights over the

soil,

no superiority, or at any rate

no dominant authority except for strictly military purposes.! \\c must bear in mind while we are speaking of tbe republican character of tbe Western Vikings (as tbe Norse

Sagas call the settlers in the Britisb Isles), tbe cbanges which just at this time are taking place in tbe constitution Everybody knows tbe of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. story of tbe taunt of the maiden Gyda to Harald of Norway,

t Ablm, Bel. Far.

X

Dndo, TV Norm. Due, i. Vrbh, i. 38 cf. Steenstrup, o. c. 277 sqq. Hilt 31 f the more 1 ngthcncd trcntmont of the buhjuct in Steenstrup.
;

I.e.

INTRODUCTION.

XXXI

when he sought to make her his wife, a taunt which was supposed to have been the awakening of the ambition of

Harald Fairhair. 'She answered that she would never sacrifice her maidenhood and take for a husband a king who governed no more of a kingdom than a few fyllcir* " And it seems to me wonderful," said she, " that there is no king here who has the will to unite Norway, and become its supreme king, as have done king Gorm in Denmark, and king Eirik at Upsala." 'f Before Harald had realized the policy thus sketched out
for him,
all

of the petty kings

of

Norway who thought

themselves strong enough to resist his encroachment, had the feature in the case entered into a confederacy, and

which more specially concerns us had obtained the assistance of many of the Vikings of the West, i.e. of England, The settlers in these islands, thereScotland, and Ireland. fore, who were of the same class, and perhaps some of them the same individuals who took j)art in the great expedition
of 866, t appear in the history of the Scandinavian nations
as the representatives, in the countries of their origin, of a

bygone or passing order of things, as the opponents of the extended sort of kingship which was the new order of the day in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. These considerations are enough to show that in many points beside the mere difference of date, the epoch of the Viking invasion of England in a.d. 866-878 must be distinguished from the Danish invasion of the end of the tenth, and the beginning of the eleventh centuries. During the greater part of the reign of iEthelred I, the doings of the Great Army did not intimately concern the history of Wessex. In a.d. 867 the Army marched north, and as has been already described in the Introduction to the
* Districts.

(Heimskringla, ed. Unger, p. 50.) t Haralds Saga kins Hdrfacjra, c. 3. X The battle of Hafirfjord, iu which this con fedi ration was defeated, and
the supremacy of Haiald assured, is usually dated about a.d. S70 and if that date bo accepted, we cannot suppose that any members of the Army of
;

'

'

A.D.

SGG took a part iu it. But there are reasons for postponing the date of the battle till about thirty years later. See Corpus I'oct. Bureale, II. 487, tS:c. Cf. also Skene, Celtic Scotland, I. 3.

xxxii

T\Tit<nt'rTiov.

proviouM

voluino,
iitil

it

f<H.k

York,

killc<l

two

riviil

kiiiKf of

Norlliumbrin,

hhImIiumI tlin <,'re(itor pjirt of tliiit

country.

Tlui noxt ycnr tho

an\('tHl
tli>

army mnrchcJ

West

Siixoii

oithcr an
Btato.

iickiio\vlo(lf,'('(l

into Mcrcia, and this act kinpjdom in so far as Mercia was dopcndcncy, or a close ally of that

Consequently I'nrgred tho king (whose coins wo ohscrvo aro of types siniilar to tlioso of tho majority of
yKtlu'lrod's

coins) sent

to seek tho aid of his

;

brother-in-

law, the king of

Wesscx

and a Wosscx army commanded

hy tho two surviving sons of TEtliehvulf, yEthelrod tho kinf^, and tho noxt in command, tho secundarius iElfred, marched to r>nrgred'H assistance. The united English army found the invaders shut up in tho stronghold of Nottingham. After a fruitless siege a compromise was efifectod, which brought no honour to any of the leaders of the English
forces

rifr.

.1.

was paid to induce the Army to return again into Northumbria. This was in a.d. 868. For the next two years the doings of the Vikings were confined to the northern and midland countries, to Northumbria, Mercia, and East Anglia (Vol. I. Introduction, pp. li. Ixi.), and then in A.D. 871 half of tho Army crossed the Thames and began The invaders took camp at Reading, the invasion of Wessex. where they were protected by two streams, the Kennet and the Thames, and the war was for a time confined to attacks by tho English upon foraging parties, and to sorties of the But at length the invaders thought themselves garrison. strong enough to march westward, and they were brought to an engagement with the English forces under the command of iEthelred and iElfred, at the famous battle of Ashdown.* The Dani.'^h forces consisted in reality of two armies, one commanded by two kings, Halfdan and Bfegsaeg, and the other by five earls, Asbjorn, Fraene, Harald, and the elder and the younger Sihtric. The only survivor of all these leaders was Ilalfdan, who effected his retreat, and once more shut himself up in Reading, All these events in the invasion of Wessex passed during the earlier months of the year 871. iEthelred now died,
;

a ransom

'

'

.\.<scr

(Wise), p

10.

INTRODUCTION.

XXXUl

and Alfred the Great, then only twenty-two yeara old, Some delay was caused by the ascended the throne. ceremonial of accession, which had no doubt to be affirmed by the Witan (--Ethelred had left an infant son), and by the The English army was never funerals of the dead king. summoned but for a short period at a time,* and was no doubt disbanded during this interval. When .Alfred was again able to collect a force, he was confronted by an utterly changed condition of things in the country. The Danes had received reinforcements and marched westwards. Alfred was obliged to abandon all the eastern side of his kingdom, and the next important engagement between the English and the Vikings took place at Wilton. This time victory fell to the Danes, but a hard-won victory. After this Alfred purchased the departure of the invaders from his country. It is of importance to take note of these money payments to the Danes, in view of the fact which we shall presently see, that many of the coins with the name iElfred were probably not really made under the auspices of that king, but are barbarous imitations of Alfred's coins, manufactured either by the Danes themselves, or in districts which their invasions had disorganized. We cannot call these payments a danegeld. For as seems almost certain the danegeld,
'
'

instead of being, as the earlier historians supposed, a

sum

gathered together as ransom and paid to the Danes, was in reality a tax (a sort of ship-money ') imposed to raise money
'

for the

arming of a force

essentially

naval

force

to

protect the country against the Vikings.j

Halfdan, the leader of the Vikings, withdrew his forces from Wessex and retired to Mercia. Mercia got rid of the Vikings by paying a ransom, and they returned into Northumbria. Next year (a.d. 874) the army came back and deposed the Mercian king Burgred, and raised up in his unwise king's stead a puppet of their own, Ceolwulf, an 'And he swore oath and gave hostages that it thegn.'J
'

Asser, p. 21 sqq.
t Steenstrup, Normannerne, iv. p. 148 gqq. + Asser, p. 2G; A. S. Chron. s. a. 874 MS. A, onnta the
:

name

of the tlicgn.

XXXIV

INTIlODIiCTIOM.
roftdy for tliom

HhouM
follow
I'.ut

1.0

on wlmtovor day

tlioy
all

it; niul tlmt 1k> liimsrdi'

would

l.c
*

nudy, and

would have who would

bim

at the army's need.'

II.

rcmuincd tituhir kinR of Mercia, it Vikings took possession is very likely that Il.ilfdan and hi.s interesting coin, not in the For wo have an of London. but Natinniil Odlcction, nor puhlishcd in this catalogue,
while Ceolwulf

Kcnyon's edition of Ilawkin's Silver Cains Ilalfdan of Kii>/laud, p. 79, which is without doubt a coin of The piece is given here. period in London. .struck* at this
doscrilM-d in Mr.

Description.

Ohr

VLF

(in ox.)

DEME XRX^
of
coin of

lirv.

lJ;irliftron.s

iniitalinn

Londnn monogram as on TElfrcd Typca vi., vii. (recersi), p. 35.

Vulcniiiiian
nui.i

I.,

or of

ns on x'Elfreil

Mapnns Ma.\iTvpc iv. (nrtr><),

p:u.

We

see that this eccentric coin is in a certain

way

a link

l)(>tween a very rare piece of

Ceolwulf

II.

of Mercia, and one

Then

remained in Mercian territory. two sections. One of these, under Hiilfdan, marched into Northumbria, and began definitely to The northern half of Northumbria settle in the country. was left under the rule of princes of the old English line. But they struck no coins, and probably their power was small. The southern half of Northumbria, the kingdom of York as it is now often called, the Vikings made their own kingdtun, and Ilalfdan was the king of it, so far as they had any king. Thus the ancient kingdoms of Beruicia and

For two years

it

'

the

Army

'

divided

into

Deira reappeared.f

'

p.-vs

hcrcs poarfo,' the oath of military service,

Clinm.
3. a.

..4.

S.

870.

INTRODUCTION.

XXXV

Gnthorra, or

But the other half of the Army, whose leader now was GuSrnm, after settling for a short while at Camhridge, sailed out to sea and round to attack once more the kingdom of Wessex, the only one of the four English kingdoms wliich remained unsuhmerged. For two years Wessex had to sustain the hardest struggle which it had yet known. Guthorm's army came first to Wareham. There it was besieged hy iElfred, and a fleet which came to relieve it was defeated by the fleet which iElfred had taken advantage of the lull in the Viking attacks to build. (He had already gained one victory with it in a.d. 875.*) The Viking

Army
that

was allowed to depart from Wareham on condition would quit the territory of the West Saxons. This concession, whicli appears unadvisable, may have been necessary. Still the result was that it brought to ruin the English defence. The Army went no further than Exeter. There it received reinforcement, and in a.d. 877 it marched
it

to Chippenham. The resistance of the English seemed to break down on every hand. Many they drove over seas, and all the rest submitted to them save iElfred the king.'f The winter of 877-8 is the winter of iElfred's entrenchment with a little band of devoted followers on the island of iEthelney (The Princes' Island), at the junction of the Tone and the Parrot, about which and his hunted days of wandering, so much picturesque legend has gathered. The spring of 878 saw tlie revival of his hopes and of the courage of the English. An army secretly assembled under the shade of Selwood forest, and marched upon the Danes encamped in or about Chippenham, who were quite unprepared for its appearance. The armies of iElfrcd and
'

Guthorm encountered
downs
close above

at -^thandune, probably upon the Westbury. This time the victory of the English was decisive. It was followed by the baptism of Guthorm and his followers at Wedmore, and by a partition of England, which added to the kingdom of iElfred, roughly speaking, Mercia west of Watling Street and the Piivcr Lea, but gave over the rest of England north of the Thames, to

* Asscr, p. 27.

\ A. S. Chron.

s.

a.

d 2

XXXVi
ho inlml.itfd
not liow.'ViT
Bottlt'd
ill

INTItuDrCTION.
nii-l

^'nvcniod by tho Viking invarlors.

A.I).

It

was

till

HSO that the army of Guthorm

fairly

it.s

now domiuions.
was devoted
chiefly to the

Till' rt'st

of the reign of ^l^Ifred

fruitful vic'torioH of peace.

])uring the years of peace that followed it is probable that that J'jlfred extended the shire system into Mercia lie redacted and amended the laws both of the West Saxons
;

and of the Mercians above all, that he found the leisure to do more than any king before him, or perhaps any that followed him has done, to spread and encourage knowledge and learning among his people, and to repair as far as might
;

be the ravages which a century of Viking attacks had

in the civilization of

made

England.* That the new England which rose up out of the anarchy of the war, was difierent from the England which preceded it

we may

feel sure.

Many

of the characteristics of the early

Teutonic civilization were unfitted to the changed condition On every hand, not in England alone, the kingly of things.

power was becoming more defined. And in all these lands it rested more or less upon a standing army, such as it had been the effect of these wars to create. We may take it that the payments made to the Danes, the creation of a standing army, of a fleet, and the taxes which had to be contributed to these ends, are the main causes of the increase in the coinage which is characteristic of iElfred's reign. One result of the war was that Wessex now finally and completely absorbed the countries south of the Thames. There was never again question of an under-king in Kent. Western Mercia took the place of Kent in this respect. She

The earlier Viking attacks on Nortliumbria bail done not a little to destroy the comparatively high civilization of that country at the end of the eighth century. Compare the letter of Alcuin in Jaffe, Bill Rer. Ger. Vol. vi. p. 22.

t What .t;ifred did in the direction of creating a standing army was to divide the Militia into two 8ccti..n#, and keep one half or tlie other always * with the colours.' It is prolMible that in addition to this there was a pertuancnt army for garrison duty. See ^1. i^. Chron. a. a. 894. For Alfred's hii>-Uiilding. si^* A. S. Chron. s. a. 8t>7.

INTRODUCTION.

XXXVU

became the dependent kingdom, not yet the integral portion ^thelred, the of the domains of the House of Cerdic. leading ealdorman of Mercia, and a man of the old blood royal, was made the lord or the ealdorman (but not, we observe, the king) of the Mercians, and he was married to uEthelflaed, the famous Lady of the Mercians,' the daughter But of of Alfred and sister of Eadweard the Elder.
'

course
strike

this

under-lordship
;

did

not

include

the right

to

coins

so

that

if

iEthelred issued

money

at

any

mint in his dominions, that coinage would bear the name of Alfred, just as Eadgar's Mercian coinage (struck in the This does lifetime of Eadwig) would bear Ead wig's name. away with any external difficulty in the way of accepting the coins which read ORSNAFORDA as an Oxford coinage, if the internal difficulties in the way of changing an R into a
K are not considered too great.* In the year 884 the Chronicle
tells

us that the army in

East Anglia broke the peace, and at the same time a new Viking army probably with the connivance of the East Anglians made a landing in Kent. -Alfred had kept his fleet in good order, and when he had driven away the new comers, he made with his ships an attack on the East Anglian coast, which was only partially successful.! Two years later we find iElfred rebuilding or refortifying London and giving

it

over to his son-in-law ^thelred.

It

may

be at this time
struck.

that the coins with the

London monogram were

In

that case

we must

consider Halfdan the originator of this

important type in the coinage of .Alfred. This seems in fact the most reasonable conclusion. Finally, in a.d. 892-3, the English sustained the last serious attack from foreign
Vikings which she was to know
for

many

years.

One Army

* All that has been said by J. R. Green ('Conquest of England,' p. 1-J4)^ and others concerning the evidence afforded by these ORSNAFORDA coins,
is

founded on a misconception.
t Asser gives

tlie impression that Alfred's attack on East Anglia preceded the breaking of tlie peace. IJiit this cannot have been the case otherwise the expression opprohn'osf J'i<>iiit would be too unreasonable. Kven supposing (as Asser also implies) tliat ^Elfrcd's naval attack was directed more against
:

the English than against the Danes.

XXXviii

INTKODLtTIOS.

cfimo prolmbly from tlio Illiine and fiiniouH ILi.stiiif^, came from Fraiurc. nnotluT, Vikings from Northumbria and East Anglia joined their Tho former brothers-in-armH. We described in the last volume the coins probably struck by the Siefred, a Northumljrian leader, who at this time, or the year following, came with a fleet of 110 ships to Ilasting's aid, and eventually sailed round to Exeter, whither ^Elfred was obliged to carry tho English floet to besiege him while iEthclred the ealdorman led an army against the invading force, which had marched right across England from the Thames to the Severn. These last were encountered and defeated at the battle of Buttington, in which ^"Elfred's son Eadweard, the future king, took part. With intervals this new war lasted till the year 897.*
of coutiiuiital VikiiiRs
heinlctl

by

llui

Wo

see that ^'Elfrcd took occasion of his latest victories

to

somewhat

be noted as the

extend his empire, and this circumstance is to first evidence of a turn of the tide. In tho

succeeding reigns we see the tide running strongly towards a complete recovery of England by the English kings.
iElfred's long
r..iim>oof
.l>lfn.tl.

and famous reign ended in

that the
T

a.d,

901.
of iEIfred's

"We
.

may assume
i
1

greater

number
/.

coins were struck during

the years of comparative tranquillity which followed the expulsion of the Danes from

,1

Wesses. But though this applies to the coins appear to hold true of the tijpca.

it

does not

Typo
Typo

i.

is

the type of iEthclred

first issue

I.'s

coins,

and was no doubt

the type of the

ii.

of ^Elfred.

is

that of ^l^thered, Archbishop of Canterbury, Vol.

I. p.

who

held his see between a.d. 870-889.

78, PI.

xiii. 9.

the curious and inexplicable type which occurs on the coin of llalfdan (VLFDENE) described above, and on a
iv. is

Type Type

iii.

is

a variety of

Type

ii.

coin of Ceolwulf II. uf Mercia (a.d. 874). It resembles certain Bceatta types and types of early English gold coins (Vol. I.
pp. li. :{, PI. i. '2) and is apparently derived of Valentinian I. or of Magnus iMaximus.
*

from the solidi Such a case of

atavism

'

on the part of a coin-type seems almost inexplic*

Shc

ttLio

lulrwluclioH to Vol.

I.

pp. xlix.-liii.

INTRODUCTION.
able.

XXXIX

abnormal one, and too mncli on it. This typo is by the VLFDENE coin closely connected with the London monogram type which almost immediately follows.

The

case

is

clearly an

stress

must not be

laid

Type

v.,

like the previous type, is similar to the coinage of

Ceolwulf

II.

issued in 874.
to the

{See Vol.

I.

PI. x. 16).

We

come next

monogram

types, Nos. vi.-xii.

Wo

have already described a coin with the London monogram, Probably that of Halfdan, struck as it seems in a.d. 874. this coin is the inauguration of the monogram type. The of coins had been hitherto monogram upon the reverse And not only is it jjrimd essentially a Prankish device. probable that the Vikings would be more familiar than facie
the English with the Prankish currency of this date (so

much of which had been but we have evidence in

95,

paid as ransom into their pockets)

204

sqq.)

I. pp. xxix. that the Vikings, in the earliest coins which

the Cuerdale coins (Vol.

they struck for their own use, were disposed to imitate the coinage of the Franks.* This first London monogram, then, was introduced in a.d, 874. But Halfdan only remained a
short time in London.
It is highly probable that after his

departure the Londoners continued to strike coins with this

monogram but placed upon

It

it the head and name of ^l^lfred. seems hardly likely that the monogram type should have remained totally in abeyance after its introduction by Halfdan until the year ^Plfred was fully and legally lord of Loudon, though it might have done so. For during a part of this time London lay in a deplorable condition. In a.d. 886, as we have seen, iElfred rebuilt the town and made ^Ethelred, lord

of the Mercians, its governor.

From

the

London monogram
?

are derived the others, Lincoln and Koiseng

(Castle Rising
;

?)

These types

for convenience sake are placed next

though

chronologically type

x. probably precedes some of them. mentioned places, if the reading of the last monogram be correct, were like London before a.d. 886,

Both the

last

The

Frankisli king whose coins

may be

taken to have .^inggostcd the

London and Lincoln monogram-types is Louis le Bcgue (a.d. 8(j 1-879). Compare Gariel, Monnaies livtjuhs dv Francv sous la liace Curlovingienne,
pi. 38.

X\

IN'IK()I)i;(TI()N.

outHido tho

kiiiK<l<>ni

of

/Klfrofl.

Though

therefore

they

boar tho

immo

of tho king of

Wessex
St.

tlicy are

almost more
coinage of

Viking coins than English ones. Typo xiii. is derived from the
EftHt

Eadmimd

Anglia described in Vol. I. (see pp. 07-137, Pis. xvii.xix.) tho issue of which must have taken place before a.d. 905. Types xiv. and xv. are the types which were copied by

Ciutliorni-yllthflstan

when he began

to strike coins (Vol. I.

pp. U.VO.

I'l.

xvi. 12).

Type

xvi.

with tho reverse CNVT, as ou the coins of NorthI.

unibria described in Vol.

in its obverse similar to

Type

pp. 204-221, Pis. xxiv.-v., is xiv. Gu^red-Cnut of North-

umbria reigned from a.d. 877-894. Type xvii. (' Dorobernia ') is the same as that of the coins of Plogmund, Arclibishop of Canterbury, who held the In fact, we have now arrived see between a.d. 890 and 914. which closely resemble some of those of Alfred's at the types successor Eadwcard I. Type xviii. is the Orsnaforda type, which likewise resembles the earlier types of Eadweard the Elder and Type xix. is only a variety of Type xviii., made by introducing a design which is Frankish in origin and is to be found on the coinage of Siefred, king of Northumbria (Vol. I, pp. 223, nos. 1029-1032, PI. xxvi. 5-7), who reigned from A.D. 894 to circ. a.d. 898. Type XX. the Gloucester coin stands rather apart from the other mints, and it may perhaps belong to an earlier part of yElfred's reign than the other mint-types which follow,
' '

viz.

Types xxi. and Bath; and

xxiii.

struck at Exeter, "Winchester, and

offering pennies,'

Type

xxii.,

the pieds-forts or so-called

'

which read

on

the

reverse

ELl MO-,

but have on the

as have

obverse the same legend, aelfred the coins of Type xxi. This legend,

rex saxonvm,
'

Alfred rex Saxouum,' connects the last types of .Elfred with Type i. of Eadweard the Elder, which reads eadweard rex saxonvm and these coins of Eadweard too have on the reverse the three first
;

lettt-rs,

BAO. of the mint Ba^an, aeon /Elfred's coins of

Type

INTRODUOTION.
xxiii.

xli

This reverse again

is

similar to that of
first

Type

xxi.,

which, however,

has the three

letters of the

mints,

Exeter and Winchester, arranged in a difierent manner. Again, the moneyer Eli on the ineds-forts connects these coins with .Alfred's piece struck at Bath. It is obvious,
therefore, that all these types belong to

the latter years

of iElfred's reign.

may, we think, be taken that all the types from Type were issued subsequently to what is known as the Peace of Wedmore, And albeit these only include a minority of .ZElfred's types, the coins which belong to these types constituted without question a large majority of
It
xiii.-xxiii.

the issue of this reign.

In the

Museum

Collection the later

coins stand to the earlier in the proportion of 384 to 68.

fare,

The confusions of this time of invasion and internal warand of a new departure in the history of England, are
;

very well reflected on the coinages of iElfred's reign and it results from this that when we have, according to the
best lights which
issues,

we possess, determined the order of /PJfred's we have by no means finished with the classes into
to be distributed.
all

which the coins are

certain as
it

It

seems almost as

the coins bearing Alfred's name were not struck under his authority or within his dominions.

can be that

And we

have now to examine again Alfred's coins with the

:

object of distinguishing two classes

(1)

The

true

Wessex

coinage, and (2) The coins of Alfred.

more

or less barbarous imitations of the

We

must look back

for a

moment

to the previous

to ascertain the difierent coinages

which we know

to

volume have

been struck outside the limits of Alfred's kingdom durin"his reign. Of these there are three classes, two Christian and one heathen. The first are the coins which commemorate the martyred king Eadmund of East Anglia slain by the

Danes

in a.d. 870.

Most

of this coinage

must have been

struck somewhere between that year, 870, and the year 905. (See Vol. I. pp. xxix. 97-137.) Then there are the coins of Guthorm-^fchelstan (a.d. 878-890), the first Christian

Danish king

in England {Ih. p. 95). Finally, there is that curious series the penny coinage of Northumbria, of

xlii

INTItoliICTloN.
nil
tlio

^vlli(ll

known oxaniplcs
'SM)).

fornifd piirt of the ('uonLilc

in llio

llounl(//'. pp. 'JOl

This

scricH wliicli more;

any other isHUod

coinage.

iu

England deserves the name

of a

than Viking

Beside coins of these series, which arc what they profess to bo, coins struck outside yElfred's dominions, we have other scries of more or les.s barbarous imitations of iElfred's
of the

made in places under the rule Vikings and where society was a good deal disWo have even a series of imitations of the St. organized.
coinage, which were probably

Eadnumd
no. 11
;

coins (Vol.

I.,
;

Introduction, p. xxix.,
PI, xix., nos. 11, 13)
;

cf.

PI. xvii.,

PI. xviii., no.

10

then,

we have

imitations of the coins of Plegmund, Archbishop of Canter-

bury (Vol. I., p. 79, no. 6G p. 80, no. 7C), and finally we have imitations of just the same character of Alfred's coins
;

(p. 41).

The following numbers

"Wessex
coins,

of /Elfred's coins

maybe

designated as probably
professedly

imitations,

and therefore, though

not struck either iu

probably

Wessex or under the authority

1>.

of iElfred.

38,

No. 2

(St.

Endmund).

pp. 41-15, Nos. 28-74.

p. 4(j, p. 48, p. 49,

Nos. 81-83 (Lincoln).

No. 103.

No. 113 (London), pp. ^n, 54, Nos. 148-154 (Oxford). p. 59, No. 189 (St. Eadmund).
p. 79,
p. 82,

Nos. 424-427. Nos. 453, 454.

\Vo sec that we have a link between the coins of yElfred and those of St. Eadmund (2), as well as between Alfred's coins and those of Northumbria (-154). It is in each case most probable that the coin was made in the district of the least

In other words, the coins of the famous king of Wessex are likely to have spread farther than those
celebrated type.

commemorating St. Eadmund, or those struck by GubrcdCnut of Northumbria and therefore imitative coins which
;

combine yElfrcd's types with one or other of these two are likely to have been made in the country of the St. Eadmund
coinage or in the country of Cnut.
It is just at

this

point that the confusions and varieties

INTRODUCTION.
in the

xliii

moneyers which appear upon the coins A large number of the names upon the St. Eadmuud series, for example, seem to defy analysis. Puzzling, however, as these names are, there is one thing that comes out clearly with regard to them, that a large number cannot be English names. Directly we pass outside the region of iElfred's kingdom these un-English names meet us face to face. But what is strange is that they do not appear to be so much Scandinavian names as Fraukish

names

of the

reach their

maximum.

ones.

The majority
series.

of the moneyers' names,

I.,

which we marked as

uncertain in the Index to Vol.

But

still

belong to this St. Eadmund among those names about which we need

entertain no reasonable doubt by far the greater

certainly not Old English.
Abboe*

number
as

are

We

find such

names

xliv

lNTH()l)i:(TIO.V.

liowovcr,

tlm

traction of Stcfiiii

nnmoH Grim, Ston (niilf.sB tlii.s bo a con), which aro prolmhly, and Gislcca and
are

Odulf.t

which

possibly

Scandinavian.
given we
find

Among
Al^bonel

the

Frankish

inoiicyors

Knodas striking

also for

above Guthorm-iEthelHtan, and another

and

of Guthorin's moncyers, Better, who has a Frankish name. It is pretty certain that the St. Eadmund coinage was It probably belongs to a period struck before a.d. 905.

when East Anglia, nominally

Danish kingdom, was

in a

quasi-anarchical condition, at any rate in this sense, that

Such there was no single recognised ruler in the country. we must believe to have been its state after the death of
Guthorm, and very
partition of a.d. 88G,
likely

before that event.

For

if

we

take the partition of JElfreds and GulSorms Fri^ to be the

great portion
the

of this

we find about fifty years later that a kingdom once Guthorm's, has been
separate small republics
quite possible, despite

under the rule of

'

five
X

known
its

as

Five Burgs.'

It is

pious

and the fact that St. Eadmund was martyred by the Danes, that the St. Eadmund coinage began in For these Scandinavians were quick the reign of Guthorm. to change their creed, and often strangely zealous in their
character,

new

witness the case of Harold Blaatand of Denmark faith who, though he was in the first instance a forced convert, had no sooner become so than he set to work at once to imperil and to lose his supremacy over Norway by trying to compel his vassal Earl Hakon to accept baptism. "We can explain the occurrence of Frankish names upon the coins of East Anglia on one of three suppositions either there were a great many Frankish soldiers in that portion of the Great Army, which, under Guthorm, settled in East Anglia and Mercia or the army brought over with it a certain
:

Eng. nut. Her.

t
X

v., p.
i.,

134.
p. 93.

Hut

of.
'

IVrtz, vol.

The

ami Stamford.

Five Burgs,' bo calKd, arc Lincoln, Nottingham, Derby, Leicester, Tlie lirst was probably never within the kingdom of Guthorm

but the other four were. i^tvcnstrup, SornMuiurnr,

On
iv.

the character of tiicsc miniature republics, see

40

*<//.

Ulaj't S. Tryggvag. (Heimskriiigia)

c.

27

fq.

INTRODUCTION.

xlv

number of Fraukish captives (thralls), and these having some skill in metal-work were employed to engrave dies and were at the same time authorized to place their names u^Don them or finally, that the coins were issued by traders, and
;

the majority of these in East Anglia at this time were

of Frankish descent.*

men

find

As the English power extends to the north and east we Frankish and Scandinavian names beginning to appear beside the English moneyers of the West Saxon kings. Thus in the coinage of Eadweard the Elder, we have
Bern gar (Beringar?)
Lanfer
]\Iarbert

Kinnard (Rinard)
Sigot.

Grimwald Gundbert
lofermuud

Pastor

"Waltere

Pi lit

Warimer

We also have the following names, which are probably Scandinavian

Framwis
Frio<5ulf
Flits
Irfiira

Sigebrand
SigeferS

Odo
Raegenulf
(a.d.

In the following reign, ^thelstan

925-940), we have
Mtcrten Paul Stefanus

among new names

Abba
Baldric

Domcnces, Domiuic
Duriaiit

Biildwine

Barbe
Bardel or Burdel

Giongbald Gislemer

of possible or probable Frankish origin, and

Raegenald

Rsegengrim

purstan

which may very well be Scandinavian. And if we continue our inquiry into the succeeding reigns, Eadmund's and Eadred's, we still find a large number both of Frankish and Scandinavian names. In addition to eleven Frankish names from the preceding reign we find on Eadmund's coins
Abenel Agtard
Efrard (Everard, Eberhard) Ercimbald,

Bonsom
Dudclet
* This
is

Hadcbald

(?)

the theory adopted by Mr.

see below, p.
ciii.

York Powell, English

Mist. Rev. v. pp.

for

134-5.

But

sqq.
'

t This

may be

a corruptiou of

bonus homo,* a pedantry

Godmau.

xWi

INTIMUMTTIOV.
for Dnnisli naiiirs

And

wo Imvc
Un-pcniilf
Uun.liilf

/Kriiiiir..r

Armilf

Ulf
pi(liilf

Furiuim*
Oilii

Uuingrim

ponilf or Doomlf

Uudor Eadrod only

Engilbred

Norlwrt

OSolrio

Walter

Imvc a Frankish look

CiKilin

Orim

Unbein

may

Under Eadwig the bo Scandinavian, and so forth. Frankish names grow fewer, and hy the time wc reach the reign of i'Ethelred II. they have almost disappeared, but the Scandinavian names naturally continue in large numbers.
The various scries of coins initiated during iElfrcd's reign which wo have been recently describing, the coins of Guthorm-TEthclstan, Northumbrian coins from the Cuerdalc Hoard, the imitations of the St. Eadmund coinage, of the coinages of iElfrcd and Plcgmund may be grouped together as the Viking coinage of England, and as such they It must be remembered are of considerable interest. that as yet scarcely any English coins had found their way to Scandinavia,t and certainly they had as yet produced no imitative coinage in the Scandinavian
as we see in the case of the probable that English coins had been carried over into Ireland by the Vikings of that country, countries.

And

though,
is

Dclgany Find,

it

they had produced no imitative coinage there either. It is possible, as was noticed in the Introduction to Vol. I., that the Swedes possessed a certain currency copied from the
coins of Dorstat, which found their

way
is

to the north

but

that

is

by no means
of a

certain.

What

certain

is

that for

the initiation

lasting

Scandinavian currency, Irish,

Norse or Swedish, we must go to a much later date, to the end of the tenth century, that is to say, to the era of the second Scandinavian invasion of England, that in which the Danes, now become the
Scandinavian,

York

inonoycr.
Chrnii.

+ St c

Xiim

1SS2 (pninr already

citcl

on the Dclgany Hoard)

p. S4.

INTRODUCTION.

xlvii

Danish nation, took a leading part. This earlier currency, this mixed collection of original and imitative tyj^es, stands ajiart from any other Scandinavian coinage, and is the only one which represents what we have ventured to speak of
as the nationality of the Vikings.

If the coinage itself

chaotic,
it

is,

as

we

see

that

it

is,

mixed and

represents sufficiently well the nation and the

it.

governments of that nation which issued

reasonably he drawn from
it.

It

would not he

wise to press the coinage for more information than can

Numismatists are too apt to tell by what authority these The St. Eadmund coins copies of JEUred's coins were made. themselves, though they were issued under the auspices of Christians, were coined in a country subject to the Vikings the and must have passed current among the latter barbarous imitations of the St. Eadmund coins seem to prove that they did so. The Cuerdale-Northumbrian coins again, with their rude workmanship and their imitations of Frankish types, stand quite apart from any other series that we know. Though they bear the names of kings Cnut and Siefred, we can hardly suppose that they were issued under royal authority in the sense in which the contemporary coinage of iElfred was so.* The only pieces out of all these extra-Wessex series which at all correspond to our ideas of an ordered and regular currency are the coins of Guthorm-ZEthelstan. These are the only coins which can be said to imply a state of kingship among the Vikings at all corresponding to the kingship which obtained among the

make

that mistake.

We

cannot

English.
* Tlic genuine coinage of JEUrcd, that

is.

t Wliat is meant by this is that 'king' among these wandering Norsemen is like 'earl,' always a personal and not a territorial title. In England it was of course originally the

same: but though

as

^l<]lfrod

is

still

nominally 'king
the part of

of the Angcl-cyn,' he

is in effect

England which he rules, as his It does not seem a too bold conjecture to suppose that Guthorm-^Ethelstnn, wlien he adopted Christianity, did so j)artly with a view to obtaining a more territorial kingdom than had been customary witli the Vikings. And therecan be little doubt that the settlement of Normandy and tiu! vassalage of the Norman dukes is to be explained on the same principle, llalfdau in Northund)ria probably attempted the same thing, lie is always spoken of as a tyrant,

much King of England, or of successors Eadwcard or Eadgar.

Xlviii

INTKODUCTION.

moro than hint these various points which the coinage of yElfred's time may illustrate the in the first place, because it is no history of the period
It is impossible to do

in

part of our purpose to write that history at length,

less to dwell

still

upon

all its

constitutional aspects

and

in the

second place, because it is not advisable to overstrain the evidence which can be derived from coins, as numismatists are somewhat apt to do. The history of this period for all the
parts outside the kingdom of Alfred is buried in obscurity, and the confusion of the coinage only reflects the state
of confusion of the country.

With
coinage.

the accession of

Eadweard the Elder,

in A.d. 901,

we enter upon
According

a simpler period of history

and a simpler
primogeniture,

to

the

strictest

laws

of

That was Eadweard was not the heir to the throne. iEthelwald,* the son of ^thelred I., who not unnaturally was aggrieved at being passed over by the Witan, and who
It is probable that this attempted to raise a rebellion. iEthelwald was a man of no worth or likelihood, whereas Eadweard had already showed his metal in more than one encounter with the Vikings. The course which ^thelwald

pursued in his rebellion was an outrage on the patriotism and the religious feelings of his countrymen and it leaves When he found how little a taint upon his courage. support he received at his first rising, he retreated to Wimborne and shut himself up in the city with a nun whom he had ravished from the cloister. He swore that he would die there but instead secretly left the place and fled north to Northumbria, where he was welcomed by the Northumbrians as a king.f Gubred had probably been dead The people of the north were perhaps six or seven years.
;
;

but then
p. Ixvii),

lie

bad the Christians and the

priests (the depositories of the

'

law)
I.

against him.

The

story

of the

'

invention

of GutSred-Cuut (see

Vol.

shows the part the Christians played in changing the succession. But the history of Northumbria is buried in too much obscurity for us to say wliat manner of king Gu^red-Ciiut was.
*
'

JEthelbaldus,' .^thelweard.

t A. S.

Chnm.

s.

a.

001

Fl.

Wig. (E. H.

S.), pp.

117-8.

INTRODUCTION.
glad to welcome a claimant

xlix

from a family whose ideas of were more determined than their own. The rival of Eadweard maintained himself for a time but in a.d. 905 he and his Northumbrians were defeated by the English at Holme, in Norfolk, far, as we see, beyond the borders of This was the first of a series of Eadweard's kingdom.* engagements which all mark the turn of the tide of victory against the English Vikings. A like turn of the tide had occurred it may be as well on the Continent also. The prelude to note in passing of it is the defeat of the great Viking fleet and army which besieged Paris in a.d. 885-7. f And though subsequent and temporary successes followed that defeat, the next great
kiu^sliip
;

event in the history of the continental Vikings, the settle-

ment

of

Normandy

in a.d. 912,

must be looked upon

(like

the settlement of East Anglia in this country) rather as a

register of defeat than a token of victory. In Germany the Vikings sustained a decisive defeat at the hands of Arnulf

the Emperor
(It

the successor of Charles the Fat in a.d. 8914 was this defeat abroad which brought about the second Viking invasion of England during Alfred's reign.) This victory of Arnulf s was a final one as regards the relief of Germany from serious Viking invasions. Let us note that two new elements of warfare became at this time conspicuous by the aid which they gave towards the Vikings' defeats the increase in the cavalry arm the development of the heavy-armed man-at-arms of the mediaeval type and the development of military engineering, the building of forts and fortified bridges to hinder the advance of invading armies and invading fleets. In the defence of Paris, above spoken of, it is the fortification that plays the principal part. In Germany, too, at this period the building of forts was being actively carried on. And it is this clement in warfare which is the most important one in England for the
*
'

* According to
p. 1 18.

Flomieo he had
tlic

lieen driven ovt;r sea

and

liad returned,
<>.

Stoenstrui) lias set right

clirouulogy of this rebellion,

c.

III.

32

sq.

t Abbo, Bel. Par. Urhis (Pertz, vol. ii. pp. 77G-805); Annnles Vedtiofiin 88.5-7 (lb. i. 522-4); Reginouis Clironicon (lb. i. 590-6), &c.
X

AnndlfK Fuldevses,

a.

a. 8!JI.

Xlviii

INTIIODT'CTION.

moro than hint these various points which the coinage of Alfred's time may illustrate the in the first place, because it is no history of the period
It is imposaiblc to do

in

part of our purpose to write that history at length,

less to dwell

still

upon

all its

constitutional aspects

and

in the

second place, because it is not advisable to overstrain the evidence which can be derived from coins, as numismatists are somewhat apt to do. The history of this period for all the

kingdom of Alfred is buried in obscurity, and the confusion of the coinage only reflects the state
parts outside the
of confusion of the country.

AVith the accession of Eadweard the Elder, in a.d. 901,

we enter upon
coinage.

a simpler period of history

and a simpler
primogeniture,

According

to

the

strictest

laws
the
I.,

of

Eadweard was not the

heir

to

throne.

That was

iEthelwald,* the son of .^thelred

was aggrieved at It is probable that this attempted to raise a rebellion. iEthelwald was a man of no worth or likelihood, whereas Eadweard had already showed his metal in more than one encounter with the Vikings. The course which ^thelwald pursued in his rebellion was an outrage on the patriotism and the religious feelings of his countrymen and it leaves When he found how little a taint upon his courage.
;

who not unnaturally being passed over by the Witan, and who

support he received at his first rising, he retreated to "Wimborne and shut himself up in the city with a nun whom he had ravished from the cloister. He swore that he would die there but instead secretly left the place and fled north to Northumbria, where he was welcomed by the Northumbrians as a king.f Gubred had probably been dead The people of the north were perhaps six or seven years.
;

but then he had the Christians and the

against liim.

priests (the depositories of the

'

law)

GuSn'd-Cunt (see Vol. I. p. Ixvii), shows the part the Christians played in changing the succession. But the history of Northumbria is buried in too much obscurity for us to say what manner of king Gu*red-Caut was. * ^thelbaldus,' ^thelweard. 117-8. t A. S. Chnm. s. a. 001 Fl. Wig. (E. H. S.), pp.
story

The

of the

'

invention

of

'

INTRODUCTION.

xlix

glad to welcome a claimant from a family whose ideas of kiugsLip were more determined than their own. The rival of

Eadweard maintained himself for a time hut in a.d. 905 he and his Northumhrians were defeated hy the English at Holme, in Norfolk, far, as we see, heyond the borders of This was the first of a series of Eadweard's kingdom.* engagements which all mark the turn of the tide of victory
;

against the English Vikings.

A
of

like turn of the tide

had occurred

to note in passing
it

on

it

may

be as well

is

the defeat of

The prelude the great Viking fleet and army

the Continent also.

which besieged Paris in a.d. 885-7. f And though subsequent and temporary successes followed that defeat, the next great
event in the history of the continental Vikings, the settlement of Normandy in a.d. 912, must be looked upon (like
the settlement of East Anglia in this country) rather as a

In Germany tho Vikings sustained a decisive defeat at the hands of Arnulf

register of defeat than a token of victory.

the Emperor
(It

the successor of Charles the Fat in a.d. 8914 was this defeat abroad which brought about the second Viking invasion of England during .Alfred's reign.) This victory of Arnulfs was a final one as regards the relief of Germany from serious Viking invasions. Let us note that two new elements of warfare became at this time conspicuous by the aid which they gave towards the Vikings' defeats the increase in the cavalry arm the development of the heavy-armed man-at-arms of the mediaeval type and the development of military engineering, the building of forts and fortified bridges to hinder the advance of invading armies and invading fleets. In the defence of Paris, above spoken of, it is the fortification that plays the principal part. In Germany, too, at this period the building of forts was being actively carried on. And it is this element in warfare which is the most important one in England for the
*
'

* Acconlinf^ tn Florriicc he
p. 118.

had heen driven

ii.

ov(;r

sea

and

liad rotnrnod,
o. c.

Stoenstruj) has set right the chronology of this rebellion,

pp.
(lb.

III.

32

.v/.

t Abbo, Bel. Prir. Ihhis (Pertz, vol.

776-805); Annnlpn
i.

]'pdii>tfi)ii

885-7 (lb. i. 522-4); Keginouis Chronicon X Annaldi Fuldenses, a. a. 8U1.

595-6), &c.

INTRODUCTION.

period on which

wc

arc

now embarked.

This practice of fort-

building was the main instrument in the extension of the power of the West Saxon kings over the Scandinavians
settled south of the Ilumbcr.

After his victory over

the Vikings

at

Holme we

find

compact with the king of the East Englc. This king is not Guthorm-iEthelstan who died in a.d. 890,* but another Guthorm called Eohricson

Eadweard renewing

his father's

(Eiriksson).

Eadweard takes any title in Eex Saxonum,' as his But in father and great-grandfather had done before him. Angul-Saxonum Eex.' his charters Eadweard calls himself Before his death Eadweard had the opportunity of wholly
Whenever, upon his
'

coins,
it is

addition to that of

rex

'

simply

'

'

incorporating Mercia with his dominions, and even in the

lifetime of -^Ethelred, the
sister,

ealdorman of

Mercia,

and of

Eadweard's Eadweard was the king of this part of England. We may assume, and the types of the coins which bear it favour this
^Ethelflaed, the

Lady

of the Mercians,

assumption, that the rather restricted

title

'

Eex Saxonum

was only used by Eadweard at the beginning of his reign. For Eadweard had very early in his reign the opportunity of extending his immediate rule over some of the Angles north of the Thames, over part of the country of East Mercia, which had previously belonged to Guthorm-iEthelstan. Each step whereby Eadweard gained his extension of territory we cannot trace not, that is, until we enter upon the succeeding phase, the greatest in the recovery of England from the At the date at Vikings the Building of the Burgs. which Eadweard begins building these frontier fortresses of his kingdom we find that his power has already extended some way into the old Viking country. The buildins; of fortresses in En^cland was not inaugurated

* A. S. Chron.

s.

a. (C. 891).

t In

Kcmble,

nos. 338, 33.5 (a.d. 901

and 903), the

title

Angnl- (or Angul-)

904) Eadweard called himself 'Hex Ansl'Tum.' These arc the only srenuine charters given. ^Ethelrcd, of Mercia, ai)d his wife iEthellL'cd, call themselves in their only genuine charter (K. 330, A.D. 901). Slonarehiiim Jlorciorum teuentes, &c.'
occurs; in no. 337
(.\.d.
'

Saxonum Rex

INTRODUCTION.

ll

by Efidweard but by
Mercians.

his sister, ^thelflciecl the

Lady

of the

We first

read that in a.d. 907 iEthelflaed restored

the town of Chester which had lain waste for some time.

The town (it is probable) became a mint under ^iEthelstan. But we are not told that ^thelflged fortified it.* A.D. 911 is the probable date of the beginning of the work of building
burg is said, in the Chronicle, to Bremesburg, which Steenstrup places in Hertfordshire. Thorpe identifies the place with Bramsbury or Bramsby,' in Lincolnshire. f This identification is
forts.

iEthelflaed's first

have

been at

'

quite inadmissible
iEthelflfed's

for it

is

impossible that at this date

If

power could have extended into that country.

we

accept Steenstrup's allocation

we

find her beginning near

the boundary of her

own and her

brother's
identified.

rule.

Her

second burg,

Scergeat,' cannot be

After that

we

find her

building upon quite the opposite side of her

dominions at Bridgnorth, near

therefore as

much

against her

the Welsh border, and Welsh neighbours as against

the Vikings.

burg which Eadweard built was upon the old ^Ifred-Guthorm peace, that is to say at Hertford on the Lea. But the country north of the Thames had formerly belonged to the Mercian half (-^thelflped's half) of the West Saxon kingdom, so that it is clear that Eadweard's dominions had extended in this direction. The next burg was built further east, at Witham, half-way towards Colchester and in the country formerly assigned to Gutliorm. From this time forward the work of fortress-building went on apace. In a.d. 914-15 iEthelflsed further built Tamwprth, Stafford, and Wedensborougli,^ in Staffordshire, Cherbury in Shropshire, Eddesbury and liuncorn in Cheshire, and Warwick. Then in a.d. 918 (?) ^thelflaid died. Her husband had predeceased her in a.d. 912, and they loft only a daughter. It was unfitting that Mercia should any
first

The

line of division in the

s. a. 907 (cf. y'. 89-i); Fl. Wig. p. 120. Seo A. S. Chron. (Hdlls Ser.) Vol. I. Indox s. v. Brcmcsburli. sec A.S. Citron, s.a. DLO and l>clow p. r.\ix. X Waidhorongli? in Oxfordslnre .^lOlhclllred's danghtcr, .Elfwyn, had lucn betrothed lo liagnald of York Cthe Kagnald, sou of Ivar, whose biography is given in Vol. I. p. Ixix.) williuut

* A.S. Chron.
t

lii

INTRODUCTION.

longer be separated from Wcssox

opposition,

not -without some remonstrance,

incorporated
a

and Eadwcard tlie Elder, but without any active the Anglian state in his own
;

kingdom.

The

following

is

table
It

of
is

all

the

burgs built by

^thelflaed and Eadweard.

taken from Steenstrup's

Normannerne,

vol.

iii.,

p. 42.

YEAP^.

Burg.

Anglo-Saxon
Chronicle.
[MSB. A-D.]

^tliclflaod

Bremesburg
Scergeat

Hertfordshire

/(b. c.) 910\ (D.) 909 ./ t

(b. c.) (b. c.)

911

Eadweard

Bridgnorth Hertford (Northern Burg'

Shropshire

Hertfordsliire

(A.

913 913 B. CD.) 913 913

912 912
.

Witham
Hertford (Southern Burg)
^thelflsed

Essex

Hertfordshire j
Staflbrdshire.

(a.b.c. D.)913
(b. c. d.)
(B.

914 914 914 915

Tamworth
Staffonl

Eddesbury
"Warwick

Cheshire

(b.

913 c. D.) 913 c.) 914

.

Warwickshire
("Buckingham.

|(B.

9141 (D. 915 ,/

c.)

915
915 916 916 916 916 917
918

Eadweard
^thelflc'cd

Buckingham

shire

>

(a.b.c. D.) 915

(B. c.)

Chorbury Wedensborough

Shropshire
Cheshire Bedfordshire

Staffordshire

Hun corn
Eadweard
Bedford (Southern Burg)
]\Ialdon
.

Cledemutha (Gladraouth
Towcester
\

Essex South "Wales

.

915 (B. c.) 915 (B. c.) 915 (A.) 919 (A.) 920 (c. D.) 921
(A.) 921

jNorthamptonshire
.

Waymere
Huntingdon
.

Hertfordshire

(a.) (A.)

921 921

918
918

(Huutingdon\

shire
.

.}
(A.) 921

Essex Cok'h ester Stamford (Soutliern Burg) Lincolnshire (N()rtlu'rn\ Nottingham(Nottingham

I

(A.)
(a.)

922 922

918 919 919

Burg)

shire

Tbelwall Manchester (Nottingham Burg) \ Bakewell

(Southern

Cheshire Lancashire Nottingliamshire

(A.)
,

923
024

920
921
921

(A.)
(A.)

Poakland

924

Eadwcard"s knowledge or consent.

expect
tliere to be.

in I^Iorcia opposed to the claims of tlie

Apparently, therefore, there was a party West Saxon king, as indeed we should

INTRODUCTION.

liii

Whenever a burg is completed we find that submission is made by the dwellers in the immediate neighbourhood,
^thelflaed's
first

burg was built subsequent

to a victory

which

she had gained over the Danes at Tettenhall or Wednesfield.*

This at least appears to have been the case, though

is

the connection between the two events

not clear.

It is

probable that the "West Saxons and Mercians fought together

against the Vikings, and that the battle took place in a.d.

was brought about by ^thelflsed's thereof, must be left doubtful. When Eadweard had built his burg at Witham, we read that a good deal of the folk submitted to him, which were
911.t
therefore
it

Whether

work, or was the cause

before subject to the Danes.J

But it was not to be expected that these works would go on without opposition on the part of the Danes.' In a.d. 914 * the Army rode out from Northampton and from Leicester, This army and broke the peace, and slew many men.' was eventually defeated. Except in the early account of the peace between Eadweard and Guthorm Eiriksson, we only now and then hear of kings being concerned in these
' '

risings.

And we may

conclude that a very large part of

Danish England or Viking England was at this time Tinder a republican form of government (see what is said Possibly we may divide Viking-England above, p. xxx). East Anglia, where the prointo three distinct divisions portion of Viking, or at any rate of Scandinavian blood was comparatively small, but which had been and probably was Northumbria, where the people were anxious still a kingdom to have a king as a counterpoise to the English kingdom and the middle region, parts of Cambridgeshire, of Huntingdonshire and Bedfordshire, Northamptonshire, Eutland, Leicestershire, a great part of Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire, where the Danes were settled in large

* Tetteuliall in the Chronicle

Wctlncsfield in

^thelwcanl and Florence.

t Stecnstrup,xVorma)int /;((', iii. 13 tf^/'/., sliows tlie identity of the hattUs of The site of the battle is in Staliordahire Tettenhall and of "\Vt dne.slield.

but Danes from Hertfordshire may have taken part

t

in

it.

A. S. Chron.

s. a.

913.

liv

INTHODUCTION.
(this in tlic great region of
*
' '

numbers

tliorpcs '), bys and but settled under a very Iooho form of government, divided into difl'creut armies under different chiefs. One group
*
'

known as the Five Burgs.' 915 an account of a new Viking raid. It was directed first against the Welsh. The invaders took prisoner the Bishop of Llandaff, and were eventually defeated by the men of Hereford and Gloucester, Eadweard's severest struggle with Vikings at home took place in a.d. 921. A great army was gathered together from the land of the Mercian Danes, and of the East Anglian Danes. These men sought on
of small republics was that
'

AVe have in

a.d.

their side to raise fortifications

they built a fort at Temps-

ford

in

Bedfordshire, and from Tempsford

they marched
'

on Bedford.
the Vikings.

But

this rising only led to further defeats of

'

Tempsford was taken, and the king [of that body of Vikings] slain. ThurferS and the holds, and the Army, which belonged to Northampton, north as far as Welland, the peasantry (landleoda) such as were left, submitted to King Eadweard, and sought his peace and protection a great number of the folk, both in East Engle and in Essex, who had before been under the power of the Danes, submitted to him and all the Army in East Engle swore oneness with him, that it would will what he willed.' And the army which belonged to Cambridge chose him to be lord and protector as he arede.' * AVe gather from these quotations, in what form Eadweard extended his power over England. The English folk in many places threw off the lordship of the Danes and became Eadweard's subjects once more the Danish folk not singly,
'

'

but in their constitutional bodies commended themselves to him not thereby w'hoUy abandoning their earlier form of
;

constitution.

No doubt among

tinued to be small republics within the state.

II.

themselves the Danish communities conThese armies

'

'

^thelred So do the Five Burgs, only now grown into the Seven Burgs, which notwithstanding seem to have been incorporated
rise again to the surface in the troubled years of
A.
S.

Ckron.s.a. 921.

INTRODUCTION.
in

\y
at

the English kingdom

in

Eaclweard's reign, or

the

Eadmimd. We know too that all Viking England all Danish England if that expression be preferred eontinned to be governed by its own laws till it once more obtained a Scandinavian sovereign in Cnut. But
latest in that of his son

for larger purposes of administration

for

the furnishing of

an army, for example, and the manning of a fleet we may believe that England south of the Humber was now one. Certain verses quoted in the Chronicle, speaking of Eadmund, Eadweard's son and second successor, assign to this king the especial credit of having subdued the Five Burgs. But that must, one thinks, have only been subsequent to a second revolt. For .^thelstan struck coins at two (or And, as we have said, the Five three) of these five towns.* Burgs are still a sort of political unity long after the days of

Eadmund.
In every respect the reign of Eadweard the Elder
istic is sufficiently reflected in his
is

one Coinape

of

of reviving prosperity for the English, and this charactercoinage.

i^j^'l^^'iaril

the

Alfred's later

Exeter and Winchester coins for example) are a great improvement upon his earlier ones and these later types are continued in the earlier coins of Eadweard But, presently Eadweard's coins undergo a further his son. improvement. The busts upon them are sometimes beautifully modelled and engraved, and remind us of the best drawings on Anglo-Saxon MSS. of the period. The letters in the inscriptions are better made and more clearly cut
coinage
(the
;

and, in their reverse types, the cointhan heretofore engravers launch out, as it were, into a series of elaborate
;

* The nttribution of the coins of iEthclstan assigned to Chester was adopted subsequent to the publication of a paper on the mints of Chester and Leicester by Mr. Ilynian IMontagu (Ntim. Citron., 3rd Ser., Vol. xi. The reader must p. 12 sqq.). Previously the coins were assigned to Leicester. 1)6 referrc^d to the paper for the arguments by which ]Mr. IMontagu sustains the attribution which has been followed in the catalogue. They arc of great weight. But at the same time it must be acknowledged that the time when we first find ai> Engli.sh king beginning to strike at Nottingham and Derby, It is precisely the time when \\v sliouM look fur a lioicester coinage also. may be, therefore that the supposed Chester coins are Leicester coins after all.

Ivi

INTUODUCTION.

ornaments

and

dcsif:^ns

(tlio

hand of Providence,* tho

rci)rcs('ntation of buildings, &c.), the like of wliicli are not

unless indeed we go far to be found either before or after back to the peaceful and prosperous reign of OfTa, king of Mercia, tlie reign which saw the first faint warnings of that great Viking invasion of which Eadweard in a certain sense

saw the end. It might even be fancied that the types of a building or a wall, such as those of the reverse of PI. viii. 13 and 14, were commemorative of the building of the burgs, which had done so much to free England from the yoke of the
foreigners.!

The Scandinavian populations in the British Islands, or even in the Scandinavian world generally, were at this moment entering upon a transition era which separates what may be called the First Viking Age from the Second Viking Age. When we read in the English Chronicle, as after an
interval of forty years

we do once more,

the accounts of

attacks upon England

by various bodies of Scandinavians which begin almost directly after the accession of ^thelred II., we might fancy we had gone back two hundred years and were reading the history of the outbreak of the Viking era at the end of the eighth century. The names and expressions which we have been used to in the earlier the Army,' appear again in these acage, the Danes,' it would have been impossible for the Scandicounts. But navian people to remain stationary during these two hundred years and, as a matter of fact, we know that they did not do so. Great changes had taken place among all the Scandinavian peoples since the moment at which
' ' ;

'haud of Providence' occurs on some imperial coins of pi. 24, 503). This fact is interesting in view of the relations of Eadweard's son (and daughter) to the Gerniaa Emperor. t Originally they were no doubt derived from the temple type of Lewis the Pious. It is possible that this type (like tlie monogram type) was introduced by tlie Vikings, and that the coin of ^Ethelred I. which bears this type was struck by Viking invaders in East Auglia (cf. Vol. I. p. 94 Vol. II. In any case the buiklings ou EadwciU'd's coins are only remotely p. 27).
* This type of the

tho period (Danncnbcrg, Deutsche Milnzen,

'

'

connected with this parent type.

INTEODUCTION.

Ivii

they first emerge into the light of history. "We may place the ending of the First Viking Era about the year 912, which is the date of the treaty of St. Clair-en-Epte.* At
that date the extent of the conquests of the Scandinavians

was practically complete.

it,

out of the

three
built

parent Scandinavian

During the era which preceded countries had

congeries
of states,

gradually

been

up a vast

Greater Scandinavia.

This Greater Scandinavia, with the

(counting from the East to the West) a huge district in the North and West of Eussia extending from Kiev to Lake Ladoga. It included Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, and a strip of land in North Germany (Mecklenburg), Northern England, Man, most of the Western Scottish Islands, the Orkneys and Shetlands. There were, further, large settlements in Ireland grouping themselves into what were known as the three kingdoms of Dublin, Waterford, and Limerick. Then there were the Scandinavian Colonies, the Faroes and Iceland, to complete this great stretch of territories which were all inhabited by peoples closely allied in blood, in speech, and in customs. Here were ready to hand all the materials for forming a great northern empire and at one time it was quite within the bounds of possibility that an empire might have been formed out of these elements. For not only had the northern states expanded in the way we have described, but the constitutions under which they were governed had been changing likewise. In the three older kingdoms at any rate monarchies had been established on a tolerably secure basis and the establishment of these strong powers in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark no doubt had an influence on other Scandinavian settlements. The earls of Orkney (Orkney, Shetland, and Caithness) were nominally vassals, for a portion of their territory, of the kings of Norway, for another part, of the kings of Scotland. But the earls of Orkney who appear upon the stage of history at this period were men of very
older countries, included
;

strong character

who made themselves

into

practically

* This date has been disputed

But not

ill

by Mr. Iloworth (Archicologia, our judgineiit ou sufficicut gruuuda.

xlv.

244

v/.).

Iviii

INTRODUCTION.

indcpondcnt Rovcrcigns.
tlio

Wo

know

less

about the rulers of

Western isLuulH iind of Man, or again about the kings iu Ireland. But we may feel sure that in these countries also the very nebulous groups of Vikings, which resembled the different Armies which our English Chronicle speaks of as settled, at the beginning of the tentb century, in East Anglia and Mercia, were beginning to group themselves into stronger and better-governed states. There is another way in which the second era of Scandinavian conquest in England stands contrasted with the When the Vikings first came to England, or to any first. of the other countries of Christian Europe, they came as an army rather than as a navy. In other words, the Viking ships were not originally designed to take part in naval engagements, but were only ships of transport. The earlier
'
'

Vikings could not fight at sea, for the simple reason that the Christian powers had no fleets to oppose to them. Among the Christian powers the English were the first who set
about the building of fleets. And in the earlier naval battles between the English under -^thelwulf, or under -Alfred, and their invaders, the former were generally victorious.

During the period

battles

of

the

Second Viking

Age

all

the

Scandinavian powers had

learned to fight at sea,

and naval

were their chief delight.* We have not yet arrived at the outbreak of the Second Viking Age, but so far as England is concerned at a transition era between the two. Among the English, as in other
which the word ' Viking is found in commonest nse, in the during the latter part of the tenth century and the begiuuing A'ikuig signifies in this use neither more nor less than of the cleventli. But this is not the etymological meaning of the sea-rover, sea-advcnturor. word riJi-ing. Etymologically it is either the man of the vik (bay) in the general sense, or else the man of the Vik (the Bay par excellence) i.e. the land on the northern side of the Skager-rak. This etymological mt.auiug must be the earliest oue so that the change in meaning to the general sense which * Viking has in the Sagas, implies a change in the chiuacter of the Vikings themselves. These changes in meaning may be compared, in the first place (aa a mere expansion), with the change iu the meaning of the word Hellene ' iu the second place (as a change from a proper to a general name), with such words as myrmidons,' the modern French suisse,' and so forth. Scc
*

The

era in
is

'

Sagas, &c.,

'

'

'

'

'

'

Cleasby's Icelandic Dictionary (Vigfusson),

s. v.

'

Viking.'

INTRODUCTION.
countries, an instinctive tendency towards centralization

lix

and

stronger government

made

itself felt.

This tendency was

strengthened by the vigour of the "West Saxon kings who, during the two generations which follow Alfred, expended all their energy in absorbing into their kingdom the Danes
south of the Humber. All the lesser armies or the smaller republics, such as those five burgs, Lincoln, Nottingham,
Leicester, Stamford, and Derby, lose their distinct indivi-

duality and became levelled

a district subject
to the

away

into a larger

Dane-Law,

English kings though governed according to Danish law and custom. The country north of the Humber, however, remained, and we may surmise became more homogeneous and stronger by the same process which was simplifying and strengthening both the

English and the Scandinavian

of the sense of nationality

states.

So that a good deal

among

the Northumbrians, even

among

the English of Northumbria, rallied round the Danish kings of that district, and we actually find an Archbishop of York, an Englishman, taking the part of these foreign kings against the kings of Southern England. The Vikings of Northumberland came very near to submitting to iEthelflsed. But they would not submit to her There had been talk, as we saw, of brother Eadweard. marrying ^Ethelflaed's daughter to Kagnald, a Norse king This Kagnald was a ruler whom the of Northumbria. Northumbrians had imported from Ireland. And he was only the first of a series of Northumbrian kings who all belonged to the same house; collectively this house is known in the Chronicles as the Sons of Ivar (' Hy-Imhair in Irish*), and Ivar, the founder of the house, has been identified with Ivar, a son of the half mythical or wholly mythical Kagnar Lodbrog.f The biographies and the coinages of these kings of the house of Ivar were given in the last volume,! and
'

it

is

But what we have

* Todd,

not therefore necessary to repeat their history here. to note is that during the reigns of the

War
pp.

of the Gaedhil ivith (he

is

GaiU (R.

S.),

pp. 2;S sqq.

I.,

t Tlio iilciilificafiuii
X

probahly mistaken. Sec Vol.

Ixxii., 231-2;J8.

lutroductioii, p.

l.\ix.

Vol.

I.

liii.,

Ixviii.

Ix

INTRODUCTION.

three sons of Eaflwcard, TEthclHtan, Eadmund, and Eadred, these kings do not at once disappear before the power of

West Saxon kings, as did no doubt the petty rulers in Mercia and East Anglia. ^thelstan, about whose title to succession there was some doubt, was not at the beginning of his reign in a position to attempt the conquest of Northumbria from her new kings the less so that (as we have said) the English Northumbrians showed that they had enough of the spirit of nationality or separatism left in them to make them ready sometimes to side with their heathen conquerors, rather than allow themselves to be incorporated in the West Saxon kingdom. One of iEthelstan's first acts was to make peace with the present king of Northumbria, Sihtric Gale, and to give him Sihtric Gale died the next year, and his sister in marriage. iEthelstan was then able to take over the kingdom of York,
the

and add
heir to

it

to his

own kingdom.

He may
:

have done this as

King

Sihtric, or as protector of his sister.

The

act

was not in
first

all

respects a prudent one

for it

produced the

great alliance of lesser British princes, directed against Howel, king of the North the power of the English king. of the Scots, and Eadred, Welsh,* Constantino (III.), king

king of Bamborough i.e., Bernicia, the portion of Northumbria which had still been left to the Anglian kings though as under-kings only were the members of this coalition. But they were, the Chronicle says, subjugated by iEthelstan, and compelled to swear oaths and give hostages to him. Guthfri^

who was a relative of according William of Malmesbury he was the son of Sihtric Gale,t to tried to make good his claim to the kingdom of Northumbria, GuthiEthelstan, however, drove him from the kingdom. friS went first to the king of the Scots but he did not deem himself safe there from the power of ^Ethelstan, and so
[Godfred], king of Dublin,

returned to Ireland. A little later another unsuccessful attempt on the Northumbrian kingdom was made by one TurferS. It was probably subsequent to these events that
the Chroiiicic says, by a slip of the peu.
li.

'

West Welsh

'

t Wil. Muliu. 0.

A. (E.

II. S.), p.

212.

INTRODUCTION.
yEthelstan assumed the
' '

Ixi

which title Eex totiiis Britannise we see on his charters and his coins. (See below p. Ixii.) Then followed seven years of peace, the most glorious That the years which any king of Wessex had yet known. titles which ^Ethelstan assumed were not empty boasts, but that his position was recognised by foreign princes we know. We know that many foreign princes sought tho hands of his sisters, the daughters of Eadweard the Elder. The most famous of these marriages was that of the Princess Eadgith (Eaditha)] with the Emperor Otto I. Charles the
Simple of France married Eadgifu (Eadgiva). This queen and her son Lewis, amidst the troubles which surrounded the late it was from England Carlings, sought asylum in England that this Lewis was brought back to be crowned king of the West Franks. Whence he is known in history as LudoEadhild (Ethilda) vicus transmarinus, or Louis d'Outremer. married Hugh the Great, the father of Hugh Capet and Ealgifu (Ealgiva) married Louis, king of Provence, son of Boso, and nephew of Charles the Bald's second wife, .^jlthelstan had thus intimate relations with Kichildis. nearly all the Christian princes of Western Europe. ^thelstan's greatness was recognised by the northern Harald of Norway, now nearing the end of his powers. reign, sent an embassy to England. There are many accounts of the relations of JEthelstan and Harald. The best known story, the one told in Harolds Saga Harfagra, represents the intercourse of the kings as
; ;

hardly friendly.

But we may

believe the

stories

of

tho

which ^thelstan and Harald played upon each other are apocryphal. We must only accept the outcome of the legend that -^tlielstan did really become godfather to ITarald's son Hakon, who was called Hakon ^thelstans-fostri. Harald Fairhair had no cause to love the Norsemen who were the foes of iEthelstan; for they were the men, or the sons of the men, who had fought under the banner of Kjutvi and his allies at Hafirsfjord. So that friendship between Harald and iEthelstan was as natural as were the friendly relations of Harun-el-Kashid and Charlemagne. This relationship between England and Scandinavia is of interest; more especially in view of the
practical jokes (for such they really wore)

Ixii

INTRODUCTION,
tlio

part wliicli

English coinage played in inaugurating a

Scandinavian currency.
In the reign of Tli^tlielstan we Lave the carlicKt numismatic record of the conquests of his father in the coins struck by the son at certain mint-places in Mercia, viz. at
Chester
(?),

Derby, Nottingham, and a record of his own

conquests in the coins which he struck at York. Another feature of the coinage of iEthelstan is the appearance on it of the title REX TOTIUS BRITANNI/E [REX TOT. BRIT.] of

which we have just spoken. We find that this title appears on nearly all the coins with mint names though in one instance, a coin of Derby, we have a reversion to the antique form Eex Saxonum.* We have already said that the title 7'ex totius Britanniie was probably first assumed after the submission at Eamot (Emmet) of the Scottish and Welsh kings and of the Northumbrian GuthfriS.t
;

* t

Which never

On

occurs on the charters of ^thelstan. the probably genuine charters of iEthelstan in

or described as follows
:

Kemble we

find the

king signing

Charter no. 345 (date uncertain),

^^clstanus rex Anglorum, per omnipatrautis dcxteram totius

Britannise regni solio sub-

limatus

347, A.D. 929

.

regnum
rex

totius

Albionis deo

auctore dispensana

348, 353,

931

,, ,,

Anglorum
dcxteram
totius

rex Anglorum, per omnipatrantis

Britannise regni solio sub-

356 (date uncertain).

limatus rex Anglorum et asqne totius

Albiouis,
.
.

rex

totius

Brytannias
357,
,,

totius Britanni.TB basileus

apice totius Albionis sublimatus,

. .
.

totius Britmniaj rex

rex et

rector

totius
.
.

Britannia! insulw,
totius Britannia)

hujus rex
.

3G4,

934

,,

rex Anglorum
trantis

per

omnipatotius

dexleram

Britanuife regni solio sub-

limatus
:{(i9.

937

,.

rex monarchus totius Britanni;o insula'

.
.
.

rex totius

Britannia'

INTHODUCTION.
In
A.D.

Ixiii

934 Constantino III., king of Scotland, rebelled and the English king sent a fleet and an army to invade Lis country. It was either just before or just after this event that Constantino married his daughter to Olaf Quaran, a Norse King of Dublin, and likewise, according to one tradition, the brother-in-law of Olaf Tryggvason, subsequently King of Norway.* Three years after this harrying of iEthelstan's in Scotland, Olaf Quaran came back to Scotland bringing with him another Olaf, Olaf Godfredsson from Dublin. A new coalition was formed against .^thelstan. Owen of Cumberland joined it. The fleet of the allies sailed up the Humber and took York. iEthelstan must have been taken more or less by surprise. He craftily opened negotiations with the two Olafs. But in the interval he and his brother Eadmund hastened the muster of an army. At length the English troops encountered those of the allies at the battle of Brunanburg, and gained that memorable victory the fame of which lives
against -^thelstan
;

in song.

From

this time to his death (a.d. 940) the reign of

^thel- Eudmimd.

he was succeeded by his brother Eadmund, who was then only eighteen years of age. It was natural that when the firm hand of ^thelstan was withdrawn Danish England should think once more of revolt. The Northumbrians chose Olaf Quaran, the son-in-law of Constantino the Third, and one of the two Olafs who had fought at Brunanburg t (Vol. L, pp. Ixx., Ixxi.). We
his death

stan was undisturbed.

On

must remember that the

driven forth, and there was
the time (a.d. 870)

last

king of Bernicia had been

ruler to represent the
It
is
'

now no

nationality of the Northumbrians.

likely that since

'

when Halfdan first gedseldo (divided) the Northumbrian laud among his followers, not wholly
dispersing the English, a modus vivendi had been established

* Vol,

I.

p.

Ixx

dlafs S. Tryggvas.
'

c.

33.

'

Anlaf of Ireland

tho Clironiclo (D.) calls him.

But

this title is far

from distinctive, as almost all tiie Olafs (Aiilafs) who appear in history at this juncture came from Ireland. Tlie Ciironiek! is extremely coiifiisiiif; at this point, and the different ]\ISS. (D. E. F.) must he compared with eaeli otlier and with the corresponding' portions uf tlie hi.>lory of Simoon of Durliam.

Ixiv

INTRODTTCTION,

iK'twoon the t^YO races, and that the Engli.sh even were not nnwillinp; to welcome a Norse king from Ireland in default

For we find that the kiufjj of the old Bornician stock. Archbishop of York, Wulfstan, allied himself with Olaf. The Danes of the east too of East Anglia and of East Mercia acknowledged him as king. It was for these republican armies now a choice between Norse kingship or English, but this place he Olaf marched first on Northampton he was more successful. The At Tamworth failed to take. town was stormed with great slaughter on both sides. Eadof a

'

'

mund upon

had collected an army he marched therewith to Leicester and nearly succeeded in capturing both Wulfstan and Olaf; but they escaped during the Eventually, through the mediation of the celenight.* brated Odo, himself by descent a Dane,t who had been
his part
;

lately raised to the Archbishopric of Canterbury,^ a peace

between the two armies was brought about. The contest had lasted for at least a year. The effect of the peace was to make of Northumbria a legally dependent but practiOlaf accepted baptism and cally separate Norse kingdom. Eadmund stood sponsor for him, as Alfred had done for Guthorm or as the Emperor Lewis the Pious had done 116 years earlier for one of the first converted Danes mentioned
;
;

in

history.

This event took place in

a.d.

942.

Olaf

Quaran and his cousin Olaf Godfredsson, probably divided But Olaf Godthe Northumbrian kingdom between them.|| and fredsson apparently died in this same year 942 Eegnald, another son of Godfred, became the second king in
;

Northumbria.
* A. S. Chron.

s.

a.

043.

t Vitd S. Oswaldi, Arch. Ebor. (Eaine, Archbishops of York, R. S.), T- 404. X Stut)hs, Rog. Sac. Angh, p. 14.

697, sq.);
11

Einhaid, Annates (Pertz, Ermoldus Nigellus,

See Vol.

I.

i. 212); Thegan, Vita Lud. P("/ (Pertz, vol. ii. Carmina 1. iv. (Ibid. ii. pp. 501-516). pp. Ixx.-lxxi. Ohif Quaran is supposed to have been tlie

brother-in-law of a
(see preceding

third Olaf, Olaf Tryggvason, the king of Norway page and cf. Corp. Poet. Boreale, ii. 84), and the conversion of the Irish king may have been the determining cause of the conversion of his more distinguished brotlior-in-Iaw. If so, this baptism of Olaf Quaran was an event of capital imiiortaucc in the history of Scandinavia.

INTRODUCTION.

IxV

If, however, Eadmund was compelled to behold a Norse Northumbrian kingdom established upon a more or less legal footing at one end of his dominions, he gained an equivalent by adding to the latter the whole of eastern England. Simeon of Durham, indeed, says that Watling Street was the boundary between the English and Northumbrian kingdoms.* But this is certainly a mistake, a

reminiscence, perhaps, of the terms of the -^Elfred-Giithorm

peace.

The Chronicle specially mentions that the Five Burgs were added by Eadmund to his kingdom.f What the exact meaning of this statement is it is not possible to determine. For on the one hand we find ^thelstan striking at at least two of these five towns, and possibly at
three; on the other hand,

we

read of the burning of the

seven

'

burgs

'

(and

these

seven certainly included the

earlier five) as

much

as seventy years later in the reign of

^thelred Il.t Still, though we cannot define with precision, it does not seem that we have any authority to reject the general sense of the statement that Eadmund made, more completely than his predecessor had done, these Danish republics of
East Mercia and East Anglia an integral part of the territory of the West Saxon kings. On the other hand there England, all the ancient is no doubt that all Danish Danelaga, continued to be governed by Danish law and ruled with a certain independence. Before Cnut came and
divided
all

England up
of Olaf

into earldoms,

we

find earls ruling

in East Anglia and in Northumbria.

only two years.

and Eegnald in the north lasted In a.d. 944 Eadmund drove out both He gave part of their dominions to Malcolm, these kings. no doubt with the object of forestallking of the Scots ing any such hostile combination against the English as that which had threatened iEthelstan at J^runanburg. Two
;

The kingdom

years

after

this

Eadmund was murdered by Leofa

at

Pucklechurch.
Simeon Dunelru., H.
a.

li, ii. p.

94 (RoUa Series).
J

t A. S. Chron.

a.

943.

A.

i>.

Chron.

a. a.

1015.

Ixvi

INTRODUCTION.

Eailrcd.

wag Succeeded by Eadrod tlic tliird of tlie sons of Eadtlio Elder. In a.d. 047 Eadred received at Tadcaster (in YorksLiro) an oatli of allegiance from the Nortlmmbrian Witan with Archbishop Wulfstan at its head. But in a.d. 948 the Northumbrians again revolted. This time they did not look for support to tlie Irish Norsemen, but elected as their king Erik Blooox, the son of Harald Harfagr. Erik had been expelled from the throne of Norway by his halfbrother Hakon, known as iEthelstan's foster-son. Erik, who had carried with him into exile a large fleet and army, came to York, and was there received as king. Eadred marched an army into Northumbria, and as an act of vengeance, fearfully ravaged the country. Eipon Cathedral was among the buildings burnt by the English army. Eventually the Northumbrians made peace with Eadred, and Erik was driven out. But before long the Northumbrians once more took Olaf Quaran for their king, and then Erik for a second time.* Eadred died in a.d. 955. Undoubtedly during the last two reigns we find a certain recrudescence of the power of the Norse kings in Northumbria. And in many ways the coins struck by the princes who reigned alongside of Eadmund and Eadred are evidences of this. The coins struck by the kings of the House of Ivar are very different from those struck by the mysterious Cnut (GuSred-Cuut) and Siefred of the Northumbrian kingdom during Alfred's reign. They are not barbarous fabrications such as those earlier Danish-Northumbrian coins but are modelled upon the contemporary coins of the "Wessex kings, iEthelstan, Eadmund, or Eadred, from which in many
IIc

wcard

instances they are clearly copied

(cf.

Yol.

i.

PL

xxviii.

[Eagnald] xxix. 4 [Olaf Quaran] with Yol. ii. PI. ix. 1, 3, 7-12, 14 [.^thelstan] Yol. i. PI. xxix. 5 [Olaf], with Yol. ii. PL xi. 9 [Eadmund] and Yol. i. PL xxix. 8-11
;
;

[Olaf and Eric], with Yol.

ii.

PL

x. 5,

6 [yEthelstan]

xi.

2-8

2-6 [Eadred]). Again, how much power Eadmund and Eadred possessed in Northumbria during the periods in which they were nominxii.
*

[Eadmund], and

See Vol.

i.

pp.

lx.\i.-ii.

INTRODUCTION.
ally kings of that country

Ixvii

it wonlJ not be easy to determine. Against the representations of the historians is to be weighed the fact that Eadmund struck but one coin with the name of Bat then neither of these the York mint and Eadred none.

princes affected very

their
coins.

much

the placing of mint names upon

York moneyers are Adclbert, JE^ehed, Arnulf, Ecbcrht (?) Hcldalt, Eaegenald or Eegnald, Eotberht and Siuard (Siward) and of these eight names, four, viz., Arnulf, Ecberht (spelled Ecgbriht), Eaegeuald or Efegcnold, and IJotbert (Eodberht), occur on the coins of Eadmund without mint names two of the names, Arnulf and Eaegenald, are, though not rare, sufficiently so to be fairly characteristic, and Eotbert is somewhat rarer. We may assume therefore that the coins struck by these moneyers, even when the pieces bear no mint-name, were struck at York. Arnulf and Eotbert occur again on the coins of Eadred. We have to add Eadmund's known York moneyer Ingelgar, who struck This might in itself be taken as evidence for Eadred also.
^thelstan's
;

of a continuous currency at the city of York.

other Land

we have good reason

at

for believing
is

But on the from a comi.,

parison of different writers that, as

said in Vol.

Olaf

Quaran reigned

941-944, and again from A.D. 949-952, while Erik BloSox probably reigned from A.D. 948-949, and from a.d. 952-954. These dates are arrived at after a careful comparison of different authorities;
a.d.

York from

for

the

evidence

in

regard to dates and periods

It

is

very

would be difficult to believe that Olaf with an array of eight moneyers and eighteen types, or Erik with his five moneyers and eight types, could have held the kingdom of York for a short period only. Let us further note that Olaf's and Erik's lists of moneyers have several names in common (Ascolu-Aculf, Farman, Ingclgiir, Eadmund has two of these moneyers, Farman and Eadulf). Ingelgar (the latter his known York moneyer). Of Erik's moneyers Hunrcd strikes also for Eadred. It may be noted, by the way, that the occurrence of these names, Ingelgar, Farman, and Hunred, on coins of the Norse and English kings of York alike seems to dispose conclusively of the theory tliat the moneyers were
conflicting at this point.

Ixviii

INTRODUCTION,

not local people, but

the king.

mm

who

travelled in the service of

By the expulsion of Erik shortly before the death of Eadrcd, England gained definite and final possession of the Northumbrian kingdom, and under Eudwig a considerable
York coinage is once more found. Put more concisely, the facts with regard at York are
:

to the coinage

Under
town.

ilEthelstan there

is

a considerable coinage at that

Under Eadmund and Eadred

It reappears

it

almost disappears.

under Eadwig.
a

Then again Under Eadmund and Eadred we have

considerable

Norse coinage at York. Under ^Ethelstan and under Eadwig we have practically
none.
If then we are to assume a continued extension of the power of the English kings during the reigns of the sons of Eadweard the Elder, we must suppose that during the reigns of his two younger sons the English rule was extended especially towards eastern England, among the Danes of the Five Burgs, of the rest of Eastern Mercia, and of East Anglia. This is of course more or less in accord with what the chroniclers tell us, for they represent the conquest of the Five Burgs as the principal achievement Eadred's great achievement was the of Eadmund's reign. subjection of the Northumbrian kingdom, though the efi'ects of the achievement were felt not in his reign, but in those

of his nephews.
Eadwig.

immunity from from the accession of Eadwig, not from that of Kadgar the Peaceful. This was a sort of anticyclone between two storms, and it lasted for twenty-five or
consider that England's practical

We may

Viking troubles dates

twenty-six years.

augury for the future that England made calm the occasion for bitter intestine quarrels, which at one time practically went the length of civil war. With the ecclesiastical disputes of this period we have
It

was of

evil

this period of

INTRODUCTION.
;

Ixix

nothing directly to do as it is impossible to see any way in which they could have affected the coinage. Their only interest for us is the degree in which they weakened England and prepared the way for the disasters which overtook the next generation. The first effect of the unpopularity of Eadwig was the separation of Mercia from Wessex, which took place in a.d. 957, two years after Eadwig's succession. We may, I think, assume that Eadgar who now obtained the rule of Mercia, ruled as under-king to his brother, just as the former kings of Kent, when they were brothers or sons of the king of Wessex, ruled as under-kings to the king of

Wessex

or as .3^thelbald, even

though king of Wessex, ruled

as under-king to his father the king of Kent.*

We may

moneyers who struck for Bedford under Eadwig did not all strike between a.d. 955 and 957. For though three of them were moneyers of Eadred (Baldwine, Boiga, Grim), the same three also struck under Eadgar. No doubt the effective rule belonged to the younger brother and to him belongs the credit if, during Eadwig's reign, the Norsemen made no attempt, even partially successful, to wrest Northumbria from the English kings. Eadwig died in a.d. 959, and then followed the reign of Eadgar, the fifteen most glorious years in the history of the
assume, for instance, that the
five
;

Eadgar.

kings of the house of Cerdic.

During
fields for

this reign the

struggle outside the boundaries

English and the Norsemen found of the English

kingdom. A disputed succession in the kingdom of North Wales invited the interference of English and of Norse
troops.

Eadgar espoused the side of Howel against his The latter was assisted by troops sent by Maccus, the king of Man. Howel was successful he paid allegiance to Eadgar as his over-king nay, it seems that Maccus was himself compelled to do the same. Cumberland again a larger country than the modern county which had been over-run by Norsemen from Ireland and had long before been freed by Eadmund and granted as a fief to
uncle
Jago.
;
;

I.e., tliat if

he struck coins

for

Wessex Lc placed

liis

father's

name upon

them.

IXX

INTHODUCTION.

I. of Scotland (or Alban *), was confirmed to another IMalcolm hy Eadgar.f These three princes, IIowcl, Maccus, and Malcolm, were three of the eight nnder-kings

Malcolm

who gave token

the river Dec.

of their subjection

by rowing Eadgar nj)on

'

The remaining
'

princes were Kenneth, king

of Scotland, Dufnall, king of Strathclydo, Juchill, king of Westmoreland (it is difficult to understand a king of Westmoreland by the side of a king of Cumberland and also a king of Strathclyde), and Siefer-S or Siefred and Jacob

of as kings of Wales. Is it posJacob is the same as Jago, and that the uncle and nephew had found some sort of modus vivendi in North Wales ? This celebrated row upon the river Dee or say universal homage to Eadgar, as 'basileus totius BritannisB,' took place in a.d. 973, two years before Eadgar's
sible

who

are also spoken

that

this

death.

Of the coinage of Eadgar we have only

pieces struck,

to note that in the

excellence of design and execution, in the

to strike them,

number

of the

and in the number of the moneyers employed

it

fairly well carries out the impression of

magnificence and prosperity which the chroniclers attributeto this reign.

We

have also to note that there

is

now

a con-

siderable increase in the

number

of mint-places recorded on

There exist coins of Eadgar struck at Bath, Cambridge, Canterbury, Chester (?), Chichester, Derby, Dover, Exeter, Gloucester, Hereford, Hertford (?), Huntington, Ilchester, Ipswich, Leicester, Lewes, Lincoln, London, Lymne, Norwich, Oxford, Eochester, Shaftesbury, Southampton, Stafford, Stamford, Tempsford (?), Thetford, Totness, Wallingford, Wilton, Winchelsea, Winchester, and
the coins.

Bedford,

York.
Eadwcuid
II.

The short reign

of

intervenes, and then

great disasters, that

Eadweard the Martyr (a.d. 975-979) we come to the reign of England's of -^thelred II. As generally happens

in history, iEthelred's character has borne the chief part of

the blame for the misfortunes which fell upon England during his long reign, .^thelred's sohriqud of Unready does

* SkouL', Celtic Scotland,

i.

p. 3G2.

Malcolm

J.,

sou of Donald, was slain in 954.

INTRODUCTION.
not of course, as everybody knows, bear
tion,
its

Ixxi

motlorn significagives
it

but means the Counselless.

Freeman

rather a

meaning of one who acted without advice of the Witan. But it is by no means just to lay the chief blame for all the misfortunes of England upon its ruler. The
technical

truth
for

is,

we
it

see,

during the whole of this reign, evidences

impossible adequately to account
sides

of a most extraordinary degeneracy in the English people,

which

is

we

see

treachery on

among quently cowardice among the

all

the nobility, and very frepeople.

It

tured that the English really had very

may be conjecmuch deteriorated

during the foregoing generations. The country was like a human body which has been overfed on too nourishing or too stimulating food. It had not yet absorbed the large foreign element which had settled in the country. It is probable
that the religion of the people had altered very

the worse. Vikings.

This

is

only to be expected

much for when we remember

how very rapid and

The

superficial had

been the conversion of the

Dunstan and Odo to reform the clergy were rendered necessary by the scandalous condition into which church discipline had fallen and no doubt the corrupefforts of
;

tion of the clergy only reflected the corruption of the people.

In trying to understand the history of this

new

era

wo

must never
of cleavage

lose sight of the fact that there

were two lines

at
this

among

the

inhabitants

of

England

moment

one a distinction of blood, and the other of religion. The party which represented the secular party of the previous reigns, the party opposed to Dunstan w'ould be
:

the people

among

those of English birth

who

were,

when

the time came, the least bitterly opposed to the half-heathen

Svend
course

in his

claim to the throne of England

the two nationalities

while of

among

who

lived side

by

side in

England

moment, the descendants of the Vikings in the East and North, would be far more favourable to Svend than the English in the South and West.*
at this
* Note in this connection nn expression used in a verso in the A. S.
Clironicle
{s. a.

1011) in .speaking of .^Ifheali

tlio

marfjT

Wiub id

nuiiling, so

iSo lur

w;oa iieafod

Aiigelkyunid and Crit(.udomes.

Ixxii

INTRODUCTION.

Suporficially, as

we have already

said, the points of like-

ness between the beginning of this second Viking age and the beginning of the first one, are almost absurdly striking.
It is curious, moreover, that

the second age begins almost

first.

exactly two hundred years after the

the
first

We

read

how

age was preceded by a supernatural warning a rain blood which Alcuin saw descending upon the minster at of York, Just before the beginning of the second age, that is to say on the accession of iEthelred, a bloody cloud was

remarked in the sky. Probably it was only an aurora borealis; but still it was accepted by the people of the times as a warning of some coming terror; and the very next year ravages on the coast began, just like those that (to read the accounts in the Chronicle) began in England towards the end of the eighth century.
It is probable again that the first invaders in ^^thelred's

reign came either from Ireland or from the Western Islands,

and we know that that holds true of the

Ecgbeorht's time.

first

invaders in

Down

to Eadgar's

time there had been

considerable fighting in the outlying parts of Great Britain between the English troops and the Vikings of the islands, and the relations between the English and the Norse Maccus, the Norse king islanders were becoming strained. of Man, took, as we saw, one side in the quarrel over the succession in North Wales, and Eadgar took another. But these and other points of resemblance in the first and

the second era of Scandinavian invasion are chiefly superficial.

have already pointed out how many points of were between the two classes of invaders this one among the rest, that this second army of Vikings came in well-armed fleets ready to fight both by sea and land. In A.D. 980 we read that a naval force ravaged Southampton another ravaged Chester, and Thanet also was attacked. The next year there was another fleet on the south coast Padstow was harried and the fleet likewise attacked Wales. In A.D. 982 three ships came to Dorchester and afterwards they sailed round to London, which was partially burnt. There were other attacks in 983 and 986 and in 989 Watehet was ravaged. This year, too, is memorable for the death of
diff'erence there
; ; ;

We

INTRODUCTION.

Ixxiii

Dunstan. All these attacks were like the attacks which opened out the first Viking period, merely plundering expeditions, and without any great significance; hut the Northern powers in general were, as we have already said, in a far hetter organized condition for making great conquests than they had been two hundred years before, and it is quite certain that both Denmark and Norway had their eyes upon England, which was already half Danish, and which was much the richest country of any which lay at all near the great belt of Scandinavian States which we described upon an earlier page. In A.D. 991 a fleet came to the east coast and attacked Ipswich ; this fleet, it seems, was under the command of three leaders, Olaf, Justin, and Guthmund. The Olaf was the famous Olaf Tryggvason, who four years later was to make himself king of Norway. There is a long and fabulous history relating to this Olaf's birth, and to his early bringing up in Eussia; but we really know nothing definite about him before his appearance at this moment upon the stage of history. It is very likely that he came from the Western Vikings, either from Ireland or from the Isles his first
;

wife,

we

saw,

is

said to have been a sister of Olaf, king

This year, 991, is memorable not only for the appearance of Olaf, but for the battle of Maldon, in which the English ealdorman Brihtnoth strenuously but vainly endeavoured to resist the invaders, the memory whereof has been preserved in a fine Anglo-Saxon poem. After this defeat, the English paid their Hrst bribe (10,000 pounds of
of Dublin.
silver) to the

Northmen. 902 ^thelred gathered a great fleet at London intending to revenge the Maldon defeat and to drive the invaders from the Eastern Counties. But he was betrayed by one of his ealdorman, .^Ifric, and the enemy had time
In
A.D.

to escape.

In A.D. 993, Bamborough, the Bernician capital, was stormed the army then sailed up the Humbor and plundered Lindsay in Lincolnshire. This was probably a Danish army, for now a new Scandinavian foe had appeared in the field the most powerful of all Svend, king of Denmark.
;

Ixxiv

INTRODUCTION.
liavo said that the trouhlcs of

Wc

this age are a fjood

deal complicated hy beiug a series of struggles, not merely between the English and Danes, but between heathens or

half-heathens

and Christians, or again between the high party, the party of Dunstan, and all these different interests acted and the secular party Svend may be reckoned the nearest apcounteracted. His father, proach to a representative of heathenism. Harald Blaatand, had been converted by force by the Emperor Otto I, but he had apparently taken to his new for he did his faith and become a rather zealous Christian best to make Hakon, earl of Norway, his vassal, follow him Hakon resisted, and the result in his change of faith. was that Norway substantially threw off its vassalage to Denmark and that Hakon became practically an indepenSvend, Harald's sou, who was often in rebellion dent king. He had now again become against his father, apostatized. friendship with the earls of the nominally Christian, but his family of Hakon and his subsequent opposition to Olaf Tryggvason, when he became the reformer of Norway, show that his interests were rather with the heathen party than with the Christian. Olaf when he came with Svend to the English coast was still a heathen, but according to the story in Olafs Saga after he had plundered in England this year, he sailed to the Scilly Isles, where he met a very reverent hermit who converted him by a display of his prophetic powers. It was due to his change of faith that in the year 995 Olaf showed himself willing to come to terms with ^thelred and to receive confirmation at the hands of the English archbishop. From this time England had two or three years' peace. In A.D. 995 an opening arose to Olaf Tryggvason to secure Hakon, the old earl and champion of the crown of Norway. heathenism in that country, had made himself odious by his crimes, and now when Olaf arrived in Norway he found that Hakon had already been hunted into hiding by his bonders, and that everybody was ready to receive him as the rechurch
or monastic
:

From that time to his death presentative of Harald's line. (a.d. 1000), Olaf was fully occupied in spreading Christianity

INTRODUCTION.

Ixxv

Iceland, and in preparing himself growing hostility of his two Scandinavian neighbour states, Sweden and Denmark, The Western Vikings seem during part of the same period (a.d. 995-7) to have been much occupied in Wales and Svend was probably engaged during these years in an invasion of Saxon and Sclavonic Germany. Though ^thelred has received the most part of the blame for the feebleness of the English resistance, it was hard for him to find any among his thanes or ealdormen who were to be trusted. A sentence of the Saxon chronicler must suffice us to explain the state of affairs, or rather to show that no satisfactory explanation is possible. Whenever a force was gathered against the invaders
force in
to encounter the
; '

by

Norway and

ponue wearS

pser refrc,

purh sum ying, fleam

astiht.

there was ever through some tiling flight determined on.'*

AVhen the king did take active measures it is difficult see what purpose they had, unless they were merely dictated by desire for revenge on those who were most open to attack. His idea seems to have been to revenge himself for the incursions of foreign fleets by the massacre of the Norsemen or the Danes settled in his own country. Between a,d, 995 and 1000, England was left almost at peace. One fleet came in 998 to the Isle of Wight, another in 999 to Kent. They were bribed to withdraw, .^lithelred
to

took this occasion for a strange display of energy.

Thouf^h

he had
set to

failed to

meet the

fleets

that assailed him, he

now
by

work

to attack the

Norsemen

settled in or hard

his territories.

read that in the year 1000 ho ravaged Cumberland and attacked the Isle of Man. Cumberland was

We

at that time very largely inhabited

by Norsemen who had come over either from Ireland or from the Western Islands, and it is quite possible that the men of Cumberland had furnished some contingents to the invaders of England. But that the foreign fleets, least of all those that liad come from Norway and Denmark, could be seriously injured by
* A. S.

Chron.

s. a.

ms.

Ixxvi

INTRODUCTION.

ihe harrying of the Norsemen in Cumberland was an ahsurd

notion.
fleet to

One

authority states that yKtlielrcd likewise sent a

of

attack the dominions of the duke

Normandy.

Acts such as these quite serve to explain the still more foolish and criminal act of two years later, the celebrated massacre of Saint Brico. The order given was that on Saint Bricc's day all the Danish men in England were to be slain.* It is of course impossible to suppose that ^thelred cont(>m|)lated a massacre of all the people of Danish blood settled in England, many of whom were, as Odo the Archbishop had been, champions, not of Christianity only, but of the high ecclesiastical party. Others such as Ulfketil, the earl of East Anglia, were among the most capable defenders of England against the invaders. But there can be no doubt that this slaughter of Saint Brice was, as it is always called, a massacre, and perpetrated upon men who were settled peaceably in this country and had no reason to They may have been comparatively recent expect attack. comers, but they had been allowed to settle themselves and become subjects of the English king. The epoch of these two attacks the attack upon the Danes in Cumberland, and the massacre of Saint Brice was a very important one in the history of the Scandinavian The year 1000 was the year of the great coalition nations. made between the three Northern leaders, Svend, king of Denmark, Olaf, king of Sweden, and Erik, the son of Hakon, former earl of Nor way. The coalition was directed against Olaf

Tryggvason. Sigvald, the leader of the Jomsburg Yikings, a very celebrated little republic of fighting men situated at the mouth of the Oder, was drawn into the alliance and was induced to betray Olaf Tryggvason into the hands of his
enemies.
Slav king
Eiigen.
*

The three

allied potentates lay in wait for Olaf as

the former was returning from a

friendly voyage to the

who
The

ruled in the country of the Oder, and as he

sailing
in

and Sigvald were

company

past

the island of
is

battle

which ensued
uku

the battle of Svold

Augclcynno wa-ron.

Het
s.

ofslean calliv ya Doiiican

a.

jc ou

A. S.

Chron.

1002, B.

C.

D.

INTRODUCTION.

Ixxvii

one of the most celebrated in Scandinavian history. In it Olaf Tryggvason fell, and his death was followed by the partition of Norway, the southern part of which went to Svend, the western part to Earl Erik, while a strip was taken from the east and incorporated in the kingdom of Sweden. It was natural that the king of Denmark should have been a good deal occupied with these events and with
the settlement of his rule in Norway.

But when the news

it

of

the massacre of Saint Brice came from England

found the

king of Denmark more powerful than he had ever been, and fully prepared to undertake in a more thorough fashion than he had yet done the invasion of England. According to the Northern Sagas he had always intended not merely to ravage the country, but to make himself master of it, and to drive iEthelred from the throne. He is said to have taken an oath to do this at his succession over the Bragi cup but now for the first time he saw himself in a position to put his purpose in execution, while the Massacre of Saint Brice
;

had given him a

sufficient pretext for so doing.

In the year of the massacre, it should be noticed, iEthelred had married Emma (iElfgifu, the English called her, after ^thelred's first wife), the sister of Eichard the

duke of Normandy by this act a new influence was imported into English politics. We shall have hereafter to notice the gradual spread in England of the Norman influence, which was, as we shall see, the counterpoise to the spread in this country of Danish influence, or of Scandinavian
Fearless,
;

influence generally.

It is curious

that in the
find these

first

year of

definite Scandinavian invasion

we

two influences

brought into connection in the betrayal of Exeter to Svend's a certain Count Hugo, a Norseman, who had been, through the influence of Emma, made the governor of that city. It was in a.d. 1003 that Svend returned to England to avenge the slaughter of his countrymen. He began with the siege of Exeter, which was betrayed to him by the abovementioned Count Hugo. In a.d. 1004 Svend turned his fleet against the eastern counties, burning Norwich and ThetThis was the country under the rule of an earl or ford. ealdorman of Danish descent, Ulfketil or Ulfkcl Snilling,

army by

Ixxviii

INTRODUCTION.
is

as

lie

called in

the Northern Sagas,*

who was

son-in-

law of iEthelrcd. Ulfkctil was one of the most capable and devoted defenders of the English against the Danes

and this year he succeeded in heating back the enemy from East Anglia. In a.d. lOOG a very severe attack was made. The fleet came first to Sandwich. They then settled themselves in Wight and harried everywhere in Hampshire and Eventually 36,000 pounds of silver had to be Berkshire. If Svend was willing to retire with these paid to them. bribes, his intention of conquering England for himself could not have been very fixed. iEthelred once more and for the last time made deter-

A mined efforts to collect forces to repel the invaders. law promulgated in a.d. 1008 levied a universal land-tax:
for

the support of a

fleet.

The law

is

the forerunner of

by Cnut and Harthacnut for the support of a standing fleet and army which constitute the real danegeld known to English law, a tax which takes an important place in the compilation of Domesday.' At the time of the levy of Charles I.'s ship-money these laws were We must take these laws into quoted as a precedent.
certain taxes instituted
'

account as

among

the concurrent causes of the large coinage

of ^thelred's

and Cnut's reigns, along with the heavy pay-

ments made

to the invaders

the

danegelds of our history

more than once that taxes We books. than internal commerce are the origin and tributes more of large issues of coins at the period about which we write.
have already said
efi'orts of the English king were rendered abortive mutual jealousies and the acts of treachery of the by the thanes and ealdormen who surrounded him. Fresh Danish and in the attacks followed in the years 1009 and 1010 latter year iEthelred paid a fine of 18,000 pounds of silver, the heaviest ransom that had yet been exacted. The year 1012 saw the martyrdom by the Danes of

All the

* 6lafs

Saga kins Hdga,

cc. is

13

&

23 (linger, neim^liriugla).

In the

earlier passage Ohif the Saint

said to liave taken the English side in a

battle

niiirnheiiSi) in I'lfkel

fought by the Danes and English on Ilringinara-hoath (HringSniUing's hmd. In chapter 23 we are told that Ulfkel

was

killed by Erik, carl of Norway.

See

p.

Ixxx.

INTRODUCTION.
ArcliLisliop

Ixxix

^Iflicah

(Elpliegns),

martyrdom
of the

of this second invasion as that of

first.

The two

'

passions

'

was the typical Eadmund was were much the same in

wliich

origin and circumstance; each victim sacrificed himself to

save his people or his flock from further sufferings at the

hands of the conquerors.

England with the which had yet been seen upon our coasts and now the definite and decisive conquest of England was The Danish king received the submission of undertaken. all England north of "Watling Street, and a little later on of all England except London. From London king iEthclrcd sent his wife, Emma, and her two children, Alfred and Eadweard, to Normandy to place them under the protection In of Emma's brother, Duke Eichard the Fearless. January of the year following (1014) .^thelred himself followed, abandoning his crown to the Dane. But Svend himself died the next month. It was said that he desecrated the shrine of St. Eadmund, the martyr of the first Viking invasion, in whose honour so many coins were struck and that the dead saint from his tomb struck kins: Svend with a mortal illness to which he almost immediately succumbed. Then ^Ethelred was recalled by the English party, by the Witan and by the Londoners. He was brought back from Normandy by a Norse fleet belonging to Olaf Haraldsson, or Olaf the Saint, who had already borne arms against Svend and this fact is interesting, for it is the beginning ^f the long enmity between Olaf and Cnut. On the other side, Svend's son Cnut the Great (Canute) was proclaimed king by the Danish fleet and army. But as a new king there were necessarily difiiculties in his way. There was a pretender in Norway as well as in England. For a time therefore iEthclrcd seemed to carry all before him. He was supported by a stronger personality than his own that
Finally, in a.d. 1013, Svend sailed for
largest fleet

of his

heroic

son,

of

England in a.d. which was furnished by

Sweden, known

Eadmund Ironside. Cnut returned to 1015. He came in an immense fleet, part

his brother-in-law, Olaf, king of

in history as Olaf

Skotkonuug.

Tliis

Olaf

Ixxx

INTRODUCTION.

Eadmund
Ironside.

had boon one of tlic three powers allir'd against Olaf Tryggvason at tlic battle of Rvold another of the allies, Erik, the Norwegian earl celebrated already as a victor in two of the most famous engagements of the Scandinavian world joined Cnut with his contingent. 'He,' says the Olafs Saga hins ITdga, was present at the taking of the Ulfketil castle of London, where he slew Ulfkel Snilling the East Anglian earl, iEthelred's most doughty champion. London was not in fact taken during the lifetime of
;

'

iEthelred, but he himself scarcely ventured outside of

fications,

its forti-

and there he died in a.d. 1016. His son, Eadmund, well called Ironside, was universally chosen as .^thelred's He did all that it was successor by the English party.
possible for a

man

to

do to vindicate his rights.

He

fought against the Dane with doubtful results at Pen Sel-

wood by Gillingham, at Shoiston, and he relieved London But at last he which the Danish fleet was investing. suffered a severe defeat at Assandune (Essiugton), a defeat brought about by the desertion of one of his thanes, Eadric Striona, who had acted in a similarly treacherous manner on
several occasions.

Cnut, says the Chronicle, there

people
(_pser

ahte Cnut sige

&

gefeht

won him aU the English him ealle Engla )?eoda).

Danish king thought it wiser to come to a compromise with Eadmund, and at the treaty of Olney, England was divided in much the same way that it had been divided
Still the

by iElfred

after the peace of

Wedmore

in a.d. 878.

Cnut

took the whole of the country north of Watling Street and Later on in the same year Eadmund was murthe Lea.

dered

Coinage of
.ffithelred II.

according to the Norse writers by the aforeAnd Cnut mentioned Eadric Striona [' Henry Striona j.* Eadmund Ironside the king took all the English empire.f struck no coins and can hardly be reckoned to have really reigned in England. In reviewing the coinage of ^Ethelred II., it must be owned that in appearance it does not by any means tally
'

'

Heinrekr

Strjona,' Olafs S. hins Helga,

c.

24.

t A. S. Chron. (A) s. n. 1017, callon Angeleynncs rycc.

Her on

pissimi gcarc feng

Cnut cjuing

to

INTRODUCTION.

Ixxxi

with the picture of terror and suffering which the chroniclers for us during this reign. It has already been said that a large currency is not at this historical period an evidence of commercial prosperity to the degree that it is

draw

with us at the present moment.

For coins were used much

is

more

for the

payment

of dues, taxes, or tributes than for the

ordinary purpose of currency. It

the larger

number

evident that a large

nay

of coins coined

by ^thelred
the invaders.

II,

used for the payment of ransom to this day larger hoards of his coins Scandinavian countries than in our said above, the National Museum at
this series than our
it
is

were For at

have been found in the own and, as we have Stockholm is richer in

;

own National Collection.* But at the hardly possible that such an immense number of coins could have been made unless there was a good deal of wealth in the country and a good many
same time
;

things lead us to believe that in spite of the disorders in

which England was plunged during all this reign, the wealth of the country was increasing. Professor Thorold Rogers has noted that the same thing took place during the Wars of the Roses.f It is not only that ^thelred's
coins
far

that might be an accident of discovery

in
this

exceed in number those of any previous reign but that there were
;

before,

more minting places than there ever were and a much greater number of people employed in
reign

striking coins.

At any rate there can hardly be a doubt that the wealth England had grown enormously during the century which followed the death of il^]lfrcd, and still more rapidly during The the years subsequent to the accession of Eadgar. wealth of England made a great impression upon the
of

Scandinavian states of the north.| And the effect of the English wealth and the English currencies was more felt during zEthelrcd's reign than any other.
It is for this reason that in the history of the

Numismatics
i

Compare the catalogue by B. E. Hihkbrand, A)iglo-Sach8i8ha Mynt

k. Mijntlitth.

Svenslm

t History of I'rief)', Introduction to Vol. iv. X 6l(i}' S. kins lleh/a, c. 139 (HcimsJixipijla}-

Ixxxii

INTRODUCTION.
Europe,
yl^^thelrcd's

of

Nortlieni

reign

is

the

most im-

portant of all during the period over which our inquiry Owing to the fact of his heavy payments to the extends. Norse and Danish invaders, iEtlielred's coinage became known over the whole Scandinavian world, and evidently
constituted
a

regular

currency

Ireland; to a somewhat less extent

among the Norsemen among the Norsemen

in

of

the Scottish islands and of

in

Man
the

to a greater extent again as in the early years

Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. And

the

of

eleventh

century,

kings

of

these

three

last

countries began to bethink

them

of issuing coinages of their

own, they one and

^Ethelred's
coins.

all

modelled them upon the types of

speak with
greater

Or, to

accuracy,

modelled their first issues These types are our upon one of two types of iEthelred. The earliest Scandinavian coins struck in nos. iii. and iv. Denmark, Sweden, and Norway respectively were issued by
Svend, by Olaf Skdtkonung, and by Earl Hakon Eriksson.* It is curious that in this way we find the coinage of

in almost every instance they

Cnut.

^thelred II. symbolizing, after a certain fashion, the wide empire which was enjoyed by his successor on the English And this fact, the fact of the throne, Cnut the Great. contrast presented by the wide spread of iEthelred's coins among the Northern people, with the strict limitation of his power of which these very peoj^le were the instruments, should be a warning to us as to what conclusions we draw from the study of coins. The only new types of importance introduced in this reign are those with the Agnus Dei and the Dove. The accession of Cnut forms a supreme moment in our history. We have more than once spoken of the Greater
Scandinavia in Europe, that
vast chain
of

Scandinavian

states which stretched across the north from Eussia to England, which was now half Scandinavian in Iceland. And if, out of blood, stood almost within that huge arc. this congeries of separate states, anything of the nature of a Scandinavian empire were to be created, it was before all things desirable that England should be drawn into it.
* Cf.

Num. Ckron. 3rd

Series. Vol. vii. p. '233.

INTRODUCTION.

Ixxxiii

The creation of such an empire Cnut effected. But as soon as he had completed the conquest of EngLand he became an English king much more than a Danish. England became
in reality the central state and the seat of government of

Cnut's empire, which included this country,

Denmark and
king of

Norway.

The kings

in Scotland, not the lowland

Scots only, but two highland kings, likewise acknowledged

That he had any power in Ireland seems name of Cnut were indeed struck in Dublin but so also were coins with the name of ^thelred. The latter certainly could not have been struck by ^thelred himself: they were only imitative coins, the predecessors In the same way we have of a regular Dano-Irish coinage. no reason to assume that Cnut's coins with Dublin mintmarks prove that he had any actual rule in Ireland. Still his power was so great that but for one fatal flaw in the Scandinavian system of government, there seems no reason why his empire should not have been extended over the whole Scandinavian world, with the exception possibly of the Swedish states, i.e. Sweden proper and Scandinavian Eussia, or Greater Sweden as it was called. For Cnut, as ruler of Norway, possessed Iceland and the lesser colony of the Faroes which were dependencies of Norway. Cnut began his reign in this country harshly by putting to death several of the chief men in England who had previously opposed him or whose power he feared. Among those who were executed was Eadric Striona who, as the Chronicle says, suffered deservedly enough.* Cnut likewise levied an enormous tax of 72,000 pounds of silver for England at large, and 15,000 pounds for London alone; an
his supremacy.

doubtful.

Coins with the

incidental proof of the high position in the country which the chief city of England had attained, of whicli there are many other proofs in the history of this time, and to

which again the large London coinages of ^thtdred and Cnut bear witness. Taxes of this kind were no doubt licavily felt by the
* A. S. Chron.
s.

a.

1017.

The

chronicler however only attributes base

troaclicry to Ejidric. iml Die nuirdcr of Eailiniinil.

./

Ixxxiv

INTRODUCTION.

English; but they were necessary to the imperial aspirationw

which Cuut cherished. He introduced the traditions of the Vikings and of the Scandinavian nations into English politics by constituting for the first time a standing army and a standing fleet. Neither was very large. The Standing J'leet consisted actually of forty vessels the standing army was the crew which manned it.* At other times they
;

formed a body-guard round the king.

days of Tacitus's Germani
t

These men who were

huscarls.

the far-off descendants of the Comitatus of the Prince in the

went

by the name of

The

designation was well

of the

understood in the north.

of this small standing

No
army

doubt most were Scandinavians, and they would serve the secondary purpose of guarding the king against plots or violence on We read of one of the most famous the English side. Earls of Orkney, that he had been commander of Cnut'a
huscarls.

members

In

A.D.

1017-18 there was a meeting of the Witenagemofc

held at Oxford, which may be taken to mark the cessation At this of the severities consequent upon the conquest.

assembly it was decreed that the laws of Eadgar should be observed we may understand by this expression the laws which were in force during Eadgar's reign. Both Danes and English united in this decree, which foreshadowed the principles upon which Cnut intended to govern his newly:

acquired kingdom.

The reign

of

Cnut was

as

regards

(GO ships, 100 armed

* Saxo, p. 524 (Miiller) says that Cnut's standing army was 6000 strong men on each). If tlie fleet was of 40 vessels, 4000

would be the number of troops.

t Mr. AVilliam Hunt says (Die. Nat. Biog. s.v. Canute) 'the hu.<irarh have been frequently compared with the comitatus. Their strictly stipendiary But it must be character, however, seems to make the comparison invalid.' remembered that in days before a regular currency existed, the comitatus could hardly have a strictly stipendiary character and so far as concerns the Scandinavian and English people we may believe that the companions of the king did in very early days receive payment in the precious metals, Tlie i.e. in the armlets or necklets which constituted a sort of currency. words hringhrjdtr, ImUjgifa, kc which are less epithets than synonyms for prince, mean, it would seem, essentially the giver of rings (money) to the household soldiers (coinites, thegns, or what not) in other words, the enterctti plnrimi comites, as Tacitus says, G. c. 13. tainer of a large standing force
; ;

INTRODUCTION.

IXXXV

Britain almost a repetition of the reign of Eadgar. His conduct showed that he did not hold the throne as a conqueror, but as the lawfully elected king of the whole people. It is a marked contrast to the policy adopted by William of Normandy half a century later. The majority of Cnut's troops were sent back to Denmark and he only reserved forty ships, the crews of which constituted, as has been said, his famous army of huscarls. The terms of this agreement of Oxford were to a certain extent embodied in a series of statutes identical with or similar to those which bear the name of Cnut in the collec;

tion of

Anglo-Saxon laws.

We may

assume that the coins

with the legend 'Pax' (PACX) have some reference to the agreement at Oxford, or to the promulgation of Cnut's laws, and to the theory that the peace of Eadgar had been
re-established.

We

remember that the peace

Cnut was
is

of

Ead gar's time was by

his descendants first broken through ecclesiastical disputes.

In Church matters
father.

a complete contrast to his

It is quite possible that the story of St.

miraculous vengeance
rate

a contemporary legend.

Eadmund's At any

father had desecrated.

Cnut richly endowing the shrine which his And on every side the Danish king was a liberal endower of churches and monasteries, not in this country and in his native Denmark only, but even on
find
;

we

No course could have been wiser from a mere worldly point of view though we have no reason to suppose that Cnut was actuated chiefly by worldly motives. The
the Continent.
first

founders of the second German Imperial house or say the truly German Imperial house the Brunos and Liudolfs,

dukes of Saxony, from whom were sprung Henry the Fowler and the emperors of his line, had been famous for their If Cnut desired that his power liberality to the Church.

and wealth should be recognized by the continental princes, and that he should take his due place among the European powers, he could find no better way of bringing himself to their notice than by allying himself as he did by marriage with the German Imperial family, by endowing abbeys in France, and by making a pilgrimage to Rome.

IxXXVi

INTUODTICTION.

With regard to bis own government Cnut adopted a system not unlike that adopted hy the emperors in Germany. He Wessex waa divided all his domains into great earldoms.
one earldom it was governed by the celebrated Godwine. Mercia was another its first earl was Eadric Striona, who, we saw, soon met the reward of all his treachery, being put East Anglia under to death at Christmas, a.d. 1017. Thurkill, a Norseman who had at one time been a comrade formed a third ; Northumbria of Olaf (the Saint) of Norway under Erik Hakonsson of the House of Hlade, the king's
;
;

brother-in-law

formed a fourth Norway, when Olaf had been driven from the throne, was entrusted at first to Hakon the son of Erik, whose house had given so many rulers to the country but afterwards it was made into a kingdom, and Cnut's son Svend was made king of it. Denmark, when Cnut succeeded to that country, was ruled by Earl Ulf, the brother-in-law of Cnut, and likewise, through his sister Gyda, the brother-in-law of our Earl Godwine. Later on Ulf entered into a sort of conspiracy to make Harthacnut, Cnut's son, king of Denmark; and though Cnut seems to have consented to leave his son in possession of regal powers, his share in this conspiracy cost Earl Ulf his life. Never therefore, during her history, were the prospects of England brighter than they were during this reign. Though England had been conquered by the Dane she was really
; ;

the centre of his Danish empire ; and if that empire could have been extended to include all the Scandinavian countries, she would
still

have remained

so.

The

superior wealth of

the country, the greater antiquity of its habitation, and the density of its population, its position in the centre of the
great arc

say rather

great

cvsjJ

of

which we have often

all

spoken,
it

its

proximity to the Continent,

tended to secure
else

a foremost position.

But what more than anything

ruined these hopes, as they almost always ruined the hopes of extended Scandinavian rule, were the customs of inheriThat tance which obtained among the northern nations. which proved fatal to Danish power in this country,

was the same cause which weakened the edifice of power which Harald Harfagr erected in Norway, the custom

INTRODUCTION.
of inheritance which divided the estate equally

IxXXVii

among

the

sons of the deceased.

Thus one of Cnut's children succeeded in England, another in Denmark, and a third in Norway. The result was not in strict accordance with the intentions of

Harold

I.

Cnut.
rank,
in

Harthacnut was the

fact,

son

of

his wife of

highest
this, it

his

only legitimate son.

Besides

had been agreed between Emma and Cnut on their marriage, that if she had any son he was to follow his father in England and Harthacnut was the son of Cnut and Emma. Cnut had two sons by his first wife or mistress -^Ifgifu,* Svend (Sveinn) and Harold Svend he always designed to succeed to the kingdom of Norway, and Harthacnut during his lifetime became, as we saw, king of Denmark probably he was intended to reign both as king of Denmark and king of England, so as to keep intact the greater portion It does not seem that any place was of Cnut's empire.
;
;

assigned to Harold.
of the two brothers, Harold appears have had the stronger character; they were equally unscrupulous. Harold found a party of Danes ready to support his claim to the throne on the death of his father, and, as Harthacnut was absent from the country, all the to

From what we know

advantage was on his side. He was however opposed by Earl Godwine and the more English part of the population. If Harthacnut had at once come from Denmark to assert his but as he still stayed claim, a civil war might have arisen his party became reconciled to Harold. away
;

Harold's principal

and

most disgraceful

act

was the

measure he took
children of

to get rid of one of his rivals,

one of the

Emma and iEthelred II. ^Elfred, the iEtheling, was enticed over to England and murdered, many people In the scries of said by the connivance of Godwine. events which followed Cnut's death, we sec the fatal process of decay which seems among the Scandinavians always to follow Howa prosperous reign and a period of extended empire. ever great they were in other things, these people seem to
* Called Alfifa in the loclaudic Sagaa, cf. Olafg

saga hins Uelga,

c.

252

(Hcimskringla).

IxXXviii

INTRODUCTION.
political instinct, tlie

have lacked some

ventodtlicmfrora

want of whict proHarold and liis brother were inferior to tlicir father in character, and Harold was mnch lesi? popniar in England than Cnut, so that the eyes of the English turned towards Eadweard (Edward It was just the same in the Confessor) the son of iT^thclred, Norway, where the third brother Svend was imable to retain Soon after Cnut's death the chief his hold on the kingdom. Norse lendermen and the people generally reverted to their loyalty to the old line, and sent to Eussia to recall the son of Olaf, Magnus the Good. Svend made but feeble resistance.
takinf:^ tlieir

proper place in history.

In the course of a few years we find the tables turned between Norway and Denmark. While Harold was reigning in England, Harthacnut's power had very much decreased in his own kingdom, and Magnus succeeded in recovering a great part of the territory which had been taken from Norway and attached to Denmark. He might have carried his conquests farther, but an agreement was come to between Magnus and Harthacnut, whereby it was decided that the survivor of the two kings should be the inheritor of both. Harthacnut's two years' reign (a.d. 1040-1042) as king of England presents but few events which bear directly on his coinage. The most important was the levy of an extortionate danegeld to provide pay for the crews who manned the ships which accompanied the king from Denmark. The levying of this tax led to serious riots throughout the country, but more especially at Worcester, where a general massacre of
the huscarls took place.
of rebellion.
in person with his army of Danes, put the inhabitants to the sword, burnt their city, and ravaged the neighbouring country. By such acts the Danish princes became more and more hateful to this country; and England, as Norway a few years previously, was anxious to revert to her old line After Harthacnut's death a new claimant to the of kin^s. throne of Denmark, of much greater abilities than the last king, appeared in the person of Svend Estrid's son, a son of

The The king came

city paid heavily for this act

Earl Ulf and a nephew of Cnut by his

AstriS.

sister

Estrid,

or

INTRODUCTION.

Ixxxix
to Coinage of

The coinage

of the period of

Danish rnle from Cnut

a

Harthacnut shows

in its general appearance

continuity ^^j^^^"^

with that of the previous reign. In especial the likeness of the two series in the formation of the inscriptions and in the reverse types is to be noticed. For in these respects
the coinage of iEthelred is distinguished somewhat not perhaps from that of his brother Eadweard but certainly

from the coinage of Eadgar his father. The double cross on the reverse first becomes common under ^thelred II.
(Cf, PI. XV. 1, 3-5, 7, 10, 11
;

PI. xvi. 2, 7, 11, 12).

;

This type

has a certain

fiscal significance

for

the double cross was

made

to facilitate the cutting up of the coin into halfpence and farthings. This type of reverse becomes still more usual under Cnut and his immediate successors (cf. PL xvii.xxi. passim). It was not afterwards abandoned and, as
;

we should

see if

we continued our

inquiries into the later

English coinage, it long survived the Norman Conquest. The whole appearance of the coinage of ^Ethelred II., as compared with that of the previous reign signifies an
increase in fiscality, that
is

to say, in the use of a circulating

medium, consistent with what was said above of the possibly increased wealth and trade of the country, even during the severest days of Danish invasion. Unquestionably the whole history of our Anglo-Saxon coinage points to the fact that if our Northern conquerors were great despoilers, they were likewise great founders of trade and commerce. In all these features the coinage of the kings of the Danish
line is but a continuation of that of /Ethelred II.

But in minuter points there are some changes. we must note the introduction by Cnut of two
obverse type
(2) the
:

Especially
varieties of

(1) the head wearing a pointed helmet, and head wearing a crown. The representation of the pointed helmet is interesting. It is the same helmet which we frequently see upon the Bay eux Tapestry. But historically this type has no special significance. With the crowned head it is difi'erent. It may have been a purely original But it may with equal likelihood have been copied device. from a similar type to be found on the coinage of the

XC

INTRODUCTION.

It is to bo in Gormany about the Rame period.* noted that on the Continent a wider and wider divergence in typo and general character between the coinage of France Though and Germany was at this time declaring itself. both series were descended from the earlier Carlovingian

Emperors

denarii,

the

types of

different

varieties of

this

coinage

were becoming appropriated to the two divisions of northern Europe, the German-speaking and French-speaking terriWe have seen (long before) one type of Carling tories.
coinage
the monogram type suggesting a type to Ecgbeorht. Another Carling type, the temple, suggested a rare type of ^thelwulf, and perhaps was afterwards copied by some king in East Anglia. But before the period
at

which we have now arrived the direct influence of the coinage is quite lost sight of in the English Not so, however, its indirect influence through currency. of Germany. If we accept the theory that the crowned that bust of Cnut was copied from the crowned bust on some coins of the German emperors, this would be the strongest example of the influence of the German coinage on that of England. This is in such complete accord with the political history of England at this moment that there does not seem to be any valid reason for doubting that Cnut, who framed his Scandinavian empire so much upon the pattern of the empire of the German emperors, who had his earls of Norway, of Denmark, of Northumbria, of Mercia, of East Anglia, and of Wesses, as the German emperors had their dukes of Saxony, of Lotharingia, of Franconia, of Swabia, and so forth, deliberately adopted the crowned bust upon his coins in imitation of the crowned bust of the German emperors. Under Cnut the number of mints does not diminish and most of those cities and burgs which exercised the right of mintage under ^Ethelred continue to do so in this reign. Of the new mints which appear we shall speak under a
Carling
;

* Cf.

Danncnhcrg, Deutsche Miinzen der

III.,

sdclis. u.

frank. Kaiserzeit, PI. 15,

3il.

[Otto

983-1002].

INTRODUCTION.
special heading.*

XCl

We

have referred above to the coins of

Cnut which bear the mint name of Dublin. The exact chronological arrangement of the types of Cniit is rendered not difficult by paying a due regard (1) to the types of the preceding and succeeding reigns, and (2) to what may be called transition types, those which combine a new obverse with an old reverse, or vice versa. Types i.-iii. correspond closely with those which occur on the coins of iEthelred. It may therefore be concluded that these comprise the first issues of Cnut. They could not however have been struck before the death of Eadmund Ironside and Cnut's For the accession to the western portion of the kingdom. mints at which coins of these types were struck are Bath, London, Norwich, Oxford, Shrewsbury, and York. Coins of these types must have been issued in very small numbers, as
they are all rare. The National Collection only possesses one specimen of type i. and that so indistinct as to make
;

the mint place illegible.

specimens.

Of types ii.-vii. it possesses no Types viii.-x. were evidently coined in large numbers, as numerous specimens of all are known. Of these types nos. v.-x. are all closely allied, and contain the two forms of the royal bust spoken of above, the king wearing a pointed helmet or a crown. While the idea of the crowned bust was, as has been said, probably suggested by the coinage of the emperors, the crown itself is no doubt We find him the exact form of one worn by the king. wearing a similar crown with three fleurs-de-lis in a contemporary MS. in the British Museum. This manuscript records the dedication of the abbey of Hyde, near Winchester, and there Cnut is represented presenting a golden cross to the abbey. f Types xi.-xvi. were probably issued during the second half of the reign, and they are nearly as common as those which immediately precede them whilst types xvi.-xx., which occur also on coins of Harold I. and Harthacnut, are found in very small numbers, and may reasonably be assigned to quite the end of the reign. We have referred above to the inscription PACX
;

Sec below

p. fviii.

S'/'/.

I^-

M.

Stowi-, 'JGO.

XCll

INTRODUCTION.

Edward the
Confessor.

Type xvi., on which which occurs on the coins of Cnut. the king is shown hokling the Danebrog or Danish national standard, is perhaps the most interesting of all the types of Cnut. A similar representation is that which occurs on Northumbrian coins of Sihtric and Anlaf [Olaf]. (See Vol. I., PI. xxviii. 3 and 5, and PI. xxix. 1.) The types of Harold I. follow in the like order. Nos. and i.-iv. are but repetitions of the later types of Cnut nos. V. and vi. we find again occurring during the reign of Harthacnut. It is a curious fact that of all the types of this last king published by Hildebrand, only nos. i, and ii. are represented in the National Collection, and the dearth They have never of his coins of other types is general. been found in this country. That they are English we need not question, as they bear on them the mint names of London, Norwich, and York. The general scarceness of the coins of Harthacnut is of course primarily due to the shortbut the fact that his coins are more ness of his reign common in the Scandinavian countries than here, shows that the English treasury was drained to support the army and fleet which Harthacnut had to maintain in Denmark against the ambitious designs of Magnus the Good. When Harthacnut died, a portion of the English, or rather of the Danish population of England, desired to keep the Dano-English empire still united by ofiering the crown to Svend Estrid's son. But it may be doubted if Svend was at Magnus of Norway that time strong enough to accept it. had laid claim to the succession in Denmark, guaranteed by his treaty with Harthacnut, and for some time he continued to assert his claims. Meanwhile the more English party, headed by Earl Godwiue, decided to offer the crown to Edward, iEthelred's son, then an exile at the court of
; ;

the

Norman

duke.

Earl Godwine acts in these negotiations

the part of General

Monk

at the Restoration of Charles II.

After Edward's restoration the carl of Wessex retained a position of much greater power than Monk was ever able
to attain.
is

The history of England from this time forward almost more the history of the house of Godwine than of

the house of Cerdie.

INTRODUCTION.

XCUl
to

But

at the

same time a new element was beginning

enter into Englisli history, namely the introduction of

influence;

Norman

as Freeman says, the Norman Conquest really began in the reign of Edward the Confessor. The reign of Edward the Confessor is of great importance in the But it is a history of England on this account alone. curious fact that no trace of the Norman influence is to be detected in the coinage of this reign. The coinage of Normandy, under the contemporaries of Edward Robert or William is undistinguishable in its general character The from the other French coinages, royal or feudal. coinage of Edward the Confessor, on the other hand, and where is continuous with that of the previous reign it does show originality in types these changes are certainly not due to the influence of any French coinage. What is stranger still though this matter lies outside the Norman coinage the subject of the present volume in this country has no sharp line of demarcation from the Anglo-Saxon coinage, and it owes nothing whatever to the coinage of the dukes of Normandy. It is probable that for a while William himself continued to strike two disfor his English subjects and for tinct classes of coins

Normans in Normandy. After that the coinage Normandy ceases for a century and more.
his

of

It is not necessary therefore to trace at great length the

growth of the Norman influence

Conquest.

in

England before the

the
earlier

We know
the

that

during
there

years
a

of

Edwaid

Confessor's

reign

took

place

con-

Normans into this country, and that the new comers gradually absorbed more and more the offices
tinuous influx of
of
State.
is

Up
the

to

the

year
of the

1051

the

history
of

of

this

country

power of Godwine and of his house and the rise of the power of the Normans with Eobert of Jumieges, who in a.d. 1050 became In a.d. 1051 took Archbishop of Canterbury, at their head. This was followed, howplace the banishment of Godwine. ever, in the next year by a counter-revolution and English This state of things influence was once more supreme. continued not only till the death of Godwine in a.d, 1053,
history
decline

the

xciv
but, under his licir

inthodhction.

HaroM, during

all tlio

rcmuindor of

tlio

reign of Edward, which was indeed as

Harold

much

the reign of

II.

Harold as the reign of Edward the Confessor. Harold II. 's reign, which sees the end of this reaction towards the Scandinavian side of English politics, is marked by the same tokens of weakness which sooner or
later manifest themselves in the government of other Scandinavian countries. The different earls whom Cnut

bad appointed to govern under him in England, the earls of Wessex, of East Anglia, Mercia, and Northumbria, had during the weaker reigns of Cnut's sons once more split England into a series of smaller States, and the triumph of the Dano-English party meant the revival of the power of these earls. Wherefore as soon as Harold bad overcome the rivalry of the xsormans he had still to encounter the rivalry of the other earls in England, some of whom were members of his own family. Let us note how the same sort of thing had been going on in other Scandinavian countries, how that Magnus, who had once all but succeeded in extending his empire over Denmark, had since found a rival in his uncle, St. Olaf s half brother, Harold Sigurdsson or Harald Hardrada (HarSra^r). "When Harald returned from his long residence in the Greek empire, he claimed half the kingdom of Norway. Magnus divided his kingdom with Harald, and they reigned together on comparatively good terms till Magnus' death in a.d. 1048, when Harald Hardrada became sole king of Norway. The English Harold did not settle matters so amicably with The most serious of all the disputes and his kinsmen. rivalries which had arisen among Edward's earls was that between Tostig, our Harold's brother, and the earls of Northumbria and Mercia, Morkere and Eadwine. Harold, we know, eventually sided with these earls against his brother, and Tostig was banished.* There were two external forces threatening Enirland. Magnus had once extended his claim as heir of Harthacnut, not only to Denmark but to England. So far as

A. S. Chron.

s.

a.

1054-5.

Wil.

Malm.

G.Ii.A. 200.

(E. H. S.)

INTRODUCTION.

XCV

England was concerned he had gone no farther than to make some naval preparations and to send an embassy Harald to Edward the Confessor to assert his rights.* Hardrada, who was more adventurous than Magnus, and had probably a larger army of mercenary troops at his command, entertained, from the moment of his accession, the thought of asserting in a more active manner his This was one danger claims to the throne of England. by which the power of Harold Godwineson was threatened.

On

the other side of this country lay the territory of William,

duke of Normandy, who, claiming to be the heir designate of Edward the Confessor, and the favoured of the Pope, was a more serious rival than Hardrada, and had stronger claims than his. When Tostig was driven from this he had thus a choice between these two powers, country,
both of which were threatening England. He turned first to William of Normandy and obtained a fleet from him, with which he harried the south coast of England, but Then he turned, with far was eventually driven off.

more memorable
Hardrada. t
It
is

results,

to

the

other
in

claimant,

Harald

extraordinary to

see

how

this

brief space the

position of

England in northern Europe had been entirely changed. Under Cnut, as has been pointed out, though she was a conquered country, England was in reality the
greatest of
to
all Scandinavian states, and stood in a position become the seat of empire over them all now that she had been shaken, as it were, from her moorings, and the other Scandinavian countries had drifted into separate policies of their own, she lay a prey for two rival claimants, the duke of Normandy in the south, the king The results of the prosecution of of Norway in the north. these two claims is well known. The fact that England was ruled at this time by one of her most capable sovereigns only brings the inherent weakness of her
;

* A. S. Citron,

a.

a.

1046 (D).
c.

Magnus

S.

Goia CHeimskr. ed Unger),

cc.

37-39.
t Ilarulds S. Ilarirdda,
82.

XCVl

INTRODUCTION.
into greater relief.

position

Before the dcatli of

of
for

the

Confessor

and
bci^ain

the
his

coronation

Harold,

Edward Duke
of

William had

preparation

an invasion
acquire

England; for he knew that ho could not crown by peaceable moans only. At the same moment Tostig succeeded in persuading Ilarald Hardrada to undertake the invasion of the same country from the north. The Norse army arrived in Yorkshire, and sailed up the Humber. ITarald Hardrada received liostages from all the He had only just done this, when northern provinces. there appeared upon the field an army which the English Harold commanded. Then followed the battle of Stamford Bridge, in which Tostig and Harald Hardrada were deciMeanwhile the Duke sively defeated, and both were slain. of Normandy, having completed his preparations, set sail and by the time that Harold had brought for England his fatigued army back to the south, William had effected Then followed the battle of Hastings, which a landing.
the
;

brings our period of history to a close.

Coinage of

We

have the same criteria for determining the sequence

the Confessor's
coinages, viz.

CoXbw
Harold

and of

Edward

the survival of

II.

types from the previous reign, the occurrence of transition types, and the survival of one type into the succeeding reign, which were our guides through the coinages of the

Danish kings.
beardless

assume that the types with a Edward's types. Not probably because the king, who was in his fortieth year when recalled to ascend the throne of his ancestors, and about sixteen years older than the half-brother who We preceded him on it, was ever without a beard. Vita Mdivardi Regis, a contemhave in the anonymous Hominis persona erat porary description of Edward
bust are the
earliest of
'
:

We may

decentissima, discretae proceritatis, capillis et barba canitie

;

insignis

lactea, facie

plena et

cute rosea

'

and on the

* JISS. Hail. 526. Publ. in Lives of Edirard the Confessor, ed. Luard (Rolls Series), p. 396. Barba might of course stand for moustache, were Edward ever represented, like Harold Godwinc's son, with a moustache
only.'

INTRODUCTION.

XCVll

Bayeux Tapestry, the king

full beard,

is always represented -with a and is indeed the only figure who wears one. Harold and Duke William alike wear their hair after

the

Norman

fashion; that
It

moustache.

is to say, they shave all but the seems on the whole reasonable to suppose

that the beardless bust of

Edward the Confessor

is

a mere

survival of the type of the previous reign.

The majority of the reverse types with the beardless bust occur also in previous reigns they are the small cross pattee, the short cross voided beneath quadrilateral ornament, and
;

the

PACK typo (types

i.-iv.).

The types with

beardless

bust which are

(types

new

are the cross with expanding limbs, and

the short cross with limbs terminating in three crescents

This last type is the connecting link V. and vi.). between those with the beardless and with the bearded bust (type vii., &c.). The most remarkable of the new types of this reign are (1) types ix. and x., known as the sovereign types, which show the king upon a throne (2) the types with a The obverse of the sovereign facing bust (xiii. and xiv.). type, which represents the king seated facing, holding sceptre and orb, is probably adopted from late Koman coins. The martlets in the angles of the cross, on the reverse of type ix., are commonly called the arms of the Con;

fessor.

The

facing bust

appears
;

now
it is

for

the

first

time

on coins of the English kings

survive all the others.

but

a type destined to

This type likewise

possibly, however,
xvii.
it

may be

derived

from Byzantine coins

German

coinage.

Type

comes from the with the reverse type PAX

between two lines connects the coinage of Edward with that of Harold II., who adopts this type only. Whether this was mere chance, because it was one of the latest, if not the last typo of his predecessor, or whether it was adopted designedly, we need scarcely discuss. Harold knew when he accepted the crown of England that he was beset by enemies on all sides, and his greatest desire therefore might well be for peace a desire which, unfortunately for him, was not realized. Or we may suppose that ho meant by adherence to this type what Cnut meant when ho first

adopted

it,

that the ancient laws of the country, the laws of

XCVlll

INTIJODI'CTION.
wonltl
1)0

Eadgiir,

iiiaintainod in

their

integrity, an<l

the

peace between
tofore.

EngliHlinicn and

Norsemen reign

as here-

MoNEYEns.

moneyers contained in tlie present volume complete the list, of these officials up to the time of and the whole list furnishes us with a larger the Conquest contribution towards an Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum than is given by any other series of documents, not even excepting the Charters. But there are some special difficulties in the way of making use of these names on the AngloSaxon coins which it is necessary to point out here.
of

The names

the

In the
lettered

first place,

we

are not dealing with the writing of

that is, up to the standard we are in the case of the charters. For it must be remembered that the names of the witnesses to the charters were always written by the clerk who drew up the document. The duty of the witness was not to sign the
lettered,

men

men

of their age

as

instrument, but to attest

cross in
*

it
;

by placing
just as
of

his finger

on the

front of his
'

name

we to-day
is

deliver as

our act and deed

a transfer

land or
see

of shares

by
the
dis-

placing a finger on the wafer

which

attached to

document.

The

result

is

that

we do not

any great

crepancies in the spelling of the names on

the charters

^Ifhere dux or an ^Selwold episcopus,' whose name appears on some half-a-dozen different charters of about the same date, has that name spelt generally in the same way on each. Exactly how the signatures upon the coins We possess no inwere made it is impossible to say. formation as to the manner in which the various mints throughout the country were provided with dies for striking In later times, at all events from Henry 11. downcoins.
an
'
'

wards, the supplying of dies appears to have rested with the Exchequer, even in the case of those which were used at
the

London mint.

Should this system have been

in

force

before the

Norman Conquest, we can then

well account for

a great similarity of workmanship and minute resemblances which sometimes characterize coins of the same type albeit

struck at diflerent mints.

This stroncf similaritv micfht also

INTRODUCTION.

XCIX

have boon brought about })y tlio sonding of workmen provided with patterns to the various towns. But even if the types were supplied in this manner, there can be little doubt tliat the process ])y which the names of the moneycrs were finally transferred to the dies was in the hands of unlettered people, who were capable of almost any kind of mistake in copying an inscription placed before them. It does not affect the question whether these engravers were placing their own names upon the pieces or not because, even if they were doing so, we must suppose them
incapable of signing their

own names, and ignorant

If,

of the
is

value of the letters which expressed them.

to sign their

as

most

probable, the great earls and thanes would have been unable

names below

a charter,

it is

not likely that an

obscure coin-engraver in Norwich or Exeter would have been

able to sign his

name upon

a coin.

It follows therefore that

the first class of errors in the proper

the mistakes which

inscriptions, through

the engravers

names would arise from made in copying the

of the phonetic value

mere ignorance

of the signs set before them.

further and subsidiary group of errors would arise in

process

the mechanical

copied and preserved.

the inscriptions were have not now to do with men wielding a pen and writing upon parchment but with engravers making use of one or two tools to punch in letters upon a coin-die. It would seem that they had

by which

We

two implements, or two classes of implements, to work with. One class we might liken to a blunt chisel on a
even a screw-driver the other class The one implement makes the straight line in the letters, which is generally we notice rather wedge-shaped, showing how the cut has broadened out at the end of tlio stroke; the other implement made the curves. In the formation of each letter the engraver uses one or other of his tools several times. Thus in the commonest form of S for example he uses it four times (a) in B he uses it thrice (13). Here, then, we have another and a subsidiary cause of error. It is so easy for a man who understands very little of the use of the signs bi'
;

very small scale

or

was of the nature of a gouge.

h 2

C
is

INTRODUCTION.
engraving to leave out or to misplace one of the three or

four strokes which

make up

his letter

or to use the

wrong

implement, the straight one instead of the curved one or vice versa ; or even to alter a letter by the mere alteration Thus B may of the angle at which he holds his tool. hecome P R may become F D may become P, wliich might then be either P or W. The slightest stroke will change L into c. The faintest shake of the hand may transfer C A and H constantly interchange so in fact do H and into F.
;
;

In this last instance another source of error, the confusion between the we have Runic H [ = N] and the Roman N it would appear that this confusion long survived the disuse of the body of the Runic The smallest stroke gives us D in place of C alphabet. (Sec for examples of the changes of A into H and N, pp. 398
;

still

more frequently do H and

:

N.

sqq. of

the coins of

Edward

the Confessor.)

These errors of the engraver give us by far the largest number of mis-spclliugs with which we have to deal. Familiarity with the inscriptions gives the numismatist a But he must always allow certain ^aV for these mistakes. a very large margin for errors of this kind. It has been necessary to dwell at some length on this point, on account of some of the criticisms which were made upon the first volume by writers who are not themselves accustomed to the handling of coins; and of the evidence which these criticisms afforded of how far the considerations which we have detailed above were liable to be These critics supposed that overlooked by such writers. no difficulty in deciding what name the moneyer there was had intended to write as would have been the case had we been dealing with a clerk writing upon parchment and that therefore the right reading of the name upon the coin was This far more a question of philology than of epigraphy. The epigraphical considerations is by no means the case. must first be weighed the etymological come after. If, for

example, we find a number of coins in one reign, or in a succession of reigns signed by a moneyer 'Earduulf,' and only one or two signed Eaduulf,' it is more probable that the engraver has in one or two instances left out the R than
'

INTRODUCTION.
that a

CI

new moneyer
that

lias

appcarctl

who only
is

signs one or

two

coins.

This opigraphic question

not affected hy the

consideration

Eardwulf and Eadwiilf are perfectly

' '
'

distinct names.

names

as

'

The same argument would apply to such Eadmund and Eadhun seeing that H is
;

throughout these coinages constantly used for M, and that the last letter of a moneyer's name is very frequently
omitted.

CYTELM would naturally stand for Cytel Monetarius and the name Cytel is very common in this coinage. But if we had a numhcr of pieces in one reign struck by Lytelman and this form CYTELM only occurred once, it would he more probable that the engraver of the coin had made the slight, it might be almost infinitesimal, error of changing L into c than that a new moneyer Cytel had appeared in this reign. Any number more of such changes might be instanced which, slight in themselves, would convert one moneyer into another. And though both the names might in themselves bo perfectly natural, we should yet have to consider (after the manner of Hume) where the fallibility of the human instrument was most likely to manifest itself. All attempts to decide such questions upon prima facie considerations of philology are therefore to be
deprecated.

The reader

of this catalogue

may
is

here be warned against

inseparable from any In the present volume about a hundred difierent alphabetic forms are used, including as many as twelve a's, not fewer G's, seven D's, seven or eight e's, seven R's, seven S's this is of course speaking only of the

a possible source of error which

printed catalogue of coins.

single letters

when we

include the

compound

letters the

number

of types used in the following pages is increased

very largely. But it is impossible to give all the intermediate forms which actually occur. Take, for example, the We have among our types one intertwo letters n and F. But as t which is neither one nor the other. mediate form
a matter of fact there

may

the two horizontal strokes are attached

stroke.
It is

be infinite variations in the way to the perpendicular

extremely hard for the cataloguer to decide

Cll

INTUODUCTION.

which of two normal forms ho in to rch;^ute any purThe same applies to the gradaintormcdiato one. We have one intermediate form H tionH hctwccn H aud N. but the gradations of the middle stroke are really infinite. M varies indefinitely between that form and n, and somep and D have times merges into H, at other times into N. the same number of intermediate forms and B and D, B and
to
ticiihir
;
;

R, V

and

Y,

are very difficult to distinguish.

To

set

against those difficulties w^e have the advantage

derived from the repetition of the same

name

number

of

times upon the coins.

For each variety of coin in the

catalogue implies that a different die has been used for the piece, and therefore that the engraver has had a fresh opportunity of correcting
vers
his
error.

And, as has been said

an average between many

before, familiarity with the kind of mistakes that engra-

commit allows us

to strike

diflferent

kinds of spelling and to approximate to the original

form which the engraver has probably had before him. As a matter of fact it is only with regard to quite the minority of names that we are left in any serious doubt.

We may
quite

get

a considerable

variety in

the

spelling of a

name, such as Burnwald, Byrnwald, But on the whole the names Birnwald, Brynwald, &c. During range themselves into easily recognized forms. the earlier portion of our history, both in this volume and in the previous one, the moneyers' names are of normal Anglo-Saxon character. That is to say, they are either dissyllabic, monosyllabic, such as Brid, Dun(n), Man(n) ending in A, such as Bosa, Buda, Diga, Ella, Hussa, Ifa, or else ending Lulla, Oba, Tata, Tocga, Tuma, Wina, &c. one or other of the characteristic old English terminain
recognizable
; ;

tions,

(fer b), -gar, -geard, -hsed, -heah,

such as -beald (bald), -bcrht (bryht), -brord, -el, -friS -heard (hard), -helm, -here,
-lac,
-laf,

-hun, -ing,

-mod, -mund, -no^, -red,

-ric,

-sige,

-stan, -wald (weald, wold), -weard, -wig, -wine, -wulf (ulf),with

Prea few rarer terminations, -hysc, -uc (Duduc, Lulluc). cisely the same is the case with the names attached to the

No doubt there arc some peculiar names, but by comparison very few.
charters of the same era.

INTRODUCTION.

CHI

Wo
tain

might expect

to find here, as in the charters, a cer-

number of Latin and biblical names. But as a matter of fact we hardly find any among the moneyers of the earlier period. Presumably these names were borne chiefly by ecclesiastics, and the moneyers were all laymen. When we come to iiElfred's reign we have among the moneyers a Samson, There is nothing in these names a Simon, and a Stefanus. to suggest that the bearers of them were not Englishmen. But as we have already seen it is different when we get
to

Viking coinages which are contemporary with the coinage of Alfred. In these we find two varieties of un-English names, some which appear to be Frankish,
'

some of the

'

are at

and others which are certainly Scandinavian. The former first the most frequent, but later on the latter become the commonest. It is not easy, amid all the varieties of spelling to which the moneyers' names are subject, to distinguish with certainty between English and Scandinavian names. But we see that certain very characteristic and quite unmistakable prefixes and suffixes are to be found on the
such prefixes as Arn-, Nor-, Od-, such terminals as -cy tel, -fara (Irfara), -fugel, -leda. Ulf as a suffix cannot be distinguished from uulf, the proper Anglo-Saxon form for the two forms are constant throughout the coinage (as on charters likewise). Dreng again is
coins of the later period
;
:

Ulf-

undoubtedly Scandinavian which is probably the 0. N.

;

so,

we may

believe, is

Winer,

vinr, slightly Englished.

again

is

Scandinavian.

Some

of the Scandinavian

Oda names
'

are particularly interesting,

such as

Sumerleda, Winter'

leda, Sumerfugel, Winterfugel.

Those forms with

winter

(instead of

'

vetr

')

appear to be hybrids, or forms slightly

corrupted by English influence.

Fastolf is a good Scandinavian name, which has, further, no small interest for us both historical and literary. It is
especially interesting to find Fastolfs at this date striking at

Thetford and at Lincoln,

quite

in the country, that

is,

of

the well-known Caistor family, the family of the Sir John

Fastolf of the Paston letters, the prototype (however really

unlike him) of the far more famous Sir John Falstaff.

Concerning the exact status of the moneyers, something

civ

INTRODUCTION.
said in tlio Introduction to the first

was

volume

though not
in

much more can be

said than that

information on the suhjcct.

we are left As was noticed

without precise
the
first

volume, the extract from the laws of TEthclstan there given seems to point the moneyer out as the actual fabricator of the At any rate he must have been at the smithy to supercoin.
intend
'

For if the coin was debased, he was its fabrication. punished by having his hand cut off and stuck up to be over the mint-smithy.' The story which Eadmcr relates of

how Duustan insisted on the punishment of three false moneyers who were his villeins {qui in potestate viri erant*) shows that as a class they were men who were more or less
in a servile condition.

and it is likely that end of our period the right of coining was farmed out to the moneyers. This at least is implied in one or two passages in Domesday.' t It appears from all these entries that the moneyers received dies, and it is implied in most that they had to go somewhere (generally to London) to
;

This would them from being men of some wealth

not, however, prevent

at the

'

get them.

If,

therefore, the monetarius usually paid a

sum

he was without doubt a person whose position enabled him to put money in circulation. He would be in something of the position of the tradesmen who issued copper tokens when a copper coinage was scarce or still more like at the beginning of the present century issuers of a token copper coinage in England, the earliest

down

for the right of coining,

such as John, Lord Harrington, in the reign of James I. The inscriptions on the reverses of the coins throw no These inscriptions light upon the position of the moneyer.
* Eadmer, Vila S. Dutistani, c. 27, p. 202, Ed. Stubbs (Rolls Ser.). The pimishmtnt inflicted was tliat decreed in the law of ^thelstau, the loss of a

hand.
t E.g. concerning the

town of Worcester: 'In

civitate "Wirecestrc

habebat

Rex Edwardus banc

Quando moneta vcrtebatur quisque monetarius dabat sx sulidos ad Lundoniam pro cuneis moneta) acoipiendit?." And of Hereford in like manner we read " Septem monetarii erant in civitate. linus ex liis crat monetarius episcopi. Quando moncbx rcuovatnr dalxit
consuetudiueiu.
:

qui.'iiiue

eorum xviii solidos pro cuneis reeipiendis et ex eo die quo redibant usque ad uiium mensem dabat quisque corum regi xx solidos ct similiter habebat epit^eopud de suo monetario xx sulidos.' The entries for Dorchester,
;

BridiHjrt,

and Wareham are similar

to tliat for Worcester.

INTRODUCTION.
are,
it

CV

known, at first the name of the moncycr only, DUDD, LULLA, &c. Then a portion of the word such as Monetarins is added BlORNFREO MONETA, (<cc. Finally the mint place appears, and we have at first ELI BAD, BOIGA MONET DEORABi, EENARD M~ON EXE. These forms give place to the universal one with the name of the moneyer followed by ON (in), and then the name of the town. It has been disputed whether the monetarius was or was not sometimes an itinerary moneyer travelling in the There may have been a few moneyers service of the king.
is
*
'

of this kind, but the evidence of the coins is opposed to the

were many.* that, though the earlier English coins contain a certain number of difi'erent contractions such as MON., MONET., &c., almost from the very beginning of the coinage the form MON ETA becomes the usual one after the name of the moneyer. Later on it becomes till the appearance of the mint-names almost the stereotyped form. In some cases, notably for example in the case of the type introduced by ^thelwulf (no. xvii.), and continued by his successors and on the contemporary coinage of Mercia,t it is obvious that this word 'Moneta' is no
belief that there

We

must note

necessary contraction, the exact number of the letters in the inscription being carefully arranged beforehand. The
question
*

therefore arises

whether at this time

'

moneta

could really have in the eyes of the coin-engravers stood for

monetarius.'
If
it

did so,

why

should they have voluntarily

of

statist ios with regard to the moneyers the Confessor, represented in a Large hoard found in the City 'In the aecouut of the City Hoard, Table V. (Num. Chron., vol. xvi.,

Mr. Ernest Willott gives some

Edward

occur 220 different moneyers' names, and an examination of the list 15.5, or nearly three-fourths, occur in one town onhj. Of tho remaining (J5, 32 occur in only two towns, and II in but three, reducing the
p. 37.'))

will

show that

number
whole.
four in

of widely distributed

names down

to 22, or just one-tcntli of the

Of
G,

these one, Lcofwine, occurs in 19 towns,

Godwine
:

in IG,

Elfwino
i.,

in 13, Godric in 12.

The

rest arc distributed as

under

four occur in 7 towns,

p. 33.

three in

5,

and eleven

in

4.'

Nam.

Chron., 3rd Scries, vol.

These

facts arc ccrtaiidy

opposed

to the notion of peripatetic

I.,

moneyers.

t See pp. 21, 23 S(in. of the present volume, and Vol. pare also zElfred, type i.

pp. 75, 7G.

Com-

CVl

INTRODUCTION.
It is quite possible

assisted at this unnatural abbreviation?

that the form

afterwards

it

moncta at first was a contraction, but that became a substantive word. In tlie latter use it
*
'

could only have signified

'

money,'

the word a legend such as

coin.' And TORHTVLF moneta

*

in that use of
(p.

only

sij:];nify

Torlitulf's

money.
It
'

It is not necessary to

21) could suppose

that the engravers or the users of

for grammatical accuracy.
*

tlie coin were sticklers would be enough for either moneta meant money, and for them to understand that to see the name of some moneyer before it to interpret

the legend in the sense we are supposing.

position

And
'

the sup-

moneta,' they did so interpret the word receives confirmation by an observable tendency in the later
that

coinage to put the

name of the moneyer in the genitive. Under ^thelstan we get the form Paules, on which it would
not be wise to insist as
for

very well have been intended forms as Amyndes (Amundes), Durandes, Gotae, Keg^eres, Sigares, Wihtes all under Eadmund Agtardes, Boigaes, Crimes, Inguces (Ingulfs ?), Obelrices under Eadred; and Cnapees,* Dunnes, Fre^ices under Eadwig, are in the possessive case. It seems impossible to explain the occurrence of even of only these dozen
it

may

Paulus.

But

such

or so of possessive cases better than on the supposition that

when they were engraved,

if this

at all events
'

'

moneta

'

had come

to stand in popular repute for

coin,'

'

money

'

only.

But

were the case, it rather implies that the monetarius,' or person who signs the coin, was the issuer thereof, in the same sense, that is, that Lord Harrington was the issuer
'

of the copper token coinage in the reign of

James

I.

TvvEs.

the present volume present no compare in interest with some of the We have no such types described in the previous volume. series as the sceattas or as the coins of Ofia, king of Mercia.
coins described in
varieties of type to
* Boigaes, Cnapees, are of course ungrammatical forms, comparable to the uugrammatical perfect and past participles (shooted, catclied, etc.) -which uueducated people use to-day. It is possible that the OBAN on p. 215 This is a regular English is really ODAN tor ODA (see no. 77, same page).

The

possessive case.

INTRODUCTION.

CVU

The majority

of the coins present

on the obverse a bust, on

The varieties of these the reverse some religious symboh We have first in reverse types are moreover not numerous. cross pattee, the cross frequency some variety of the cross, the
and the cross moline; then we have A and Cx) combined, Very often these symbols appear on both and the ^ ov P There are a certain proportion of coins sides of the coin. inscriptions in place of types on one or both which bear These are most frequent in the reign of iElfred. The sides. coins of Eadweard the Elder stand out conspicuously by
crosslet,
.

the variety of designs that they show, floral patterns, the hand of Providence, and various forms of buildings one

device seems to be that of a church, possibly the minster

church of St. Peter at York. Until the reign of Edward the Confessor the bust when It is a traceable descendant it appears is always in profile. from the bust on Eoman coins, as for example on the soUdi of Honorius or Arcadius, and at first following its prototypes is always a filleted bust and is beardless. Under iEthelstan we get in one type a crown or the suggestion of one, and this appears once more in the coinage of Eadgar. The coins of ^thelred II. show us for the first time the king wearing a helmet. It is a round helmet, and sometimes

seems to have a spiked crown outside it. Under Cuut appears the pointed helmet such as we see on the Bayeux Tapestry, and for the first time a conspicuous crown similar But of to the crown on the coins of the German emperors. the types of the later kings we have already spoken at
sufficient length.

During this period the busts on the obverse begin to show often unmistakable signs of attempted portraiture. The busts of Ecgbeorht, iEthelwulf, iEthelbearht, and iEthelred I., are purely conventional. iElfred's coins show some attempt at portraiture which becomes much more apparent in the coins of Eadweard the Elder, PL vii. 8 and 9, of iEthelstan, PI. ix. 13, and PI. x. 2, 3 and 10, of Eadmund, PI. xi. 10, and of Eadgar, PI. xiii. 9. The workmanship of many of these coins is highly artistic. The beauty of the work is still more striking when we take into

Cviii

INTRODUCTION.
low
relief of

consideration the extremely

the

engraving.

accession of Tl^^tlielred II. the art of the engraver conspicuously declines, and wo lose all traces of portraiture

Witli

tlic

for a time, tlie hust

being again quite conventional, but wo any rate on the coins of Edward the Confessor, whose beard is as conspicuous and as much of a personal distinction on the coins as it is in the Bayeux
find a revival of the latter at

Tapestry.

The whole
is

of the coinage described in the present

its

volume

distinguished in

general character by

its

indepen-

dence of the coinage of the Continent.

The

dissimilarity is

greatest between the coinages of the two nearest countries, have seen one type of Ecgbeorht England and France.

We

copied from the

coins of
*

monogram type
'

of the Carling denarius;

another type, the

temple

'

type, imitated on a few rare

^thelred I.* We have seen that the crowned bust of Cnut may have been suggested by the crowned bust The crowned bust, facing, of of the German emperors. the Confessor may have come from a like source. Edward But in almost every other case where we find an approach between the coinage of England and that of any continental people, it is an instance of copying from England, and not of
'

the reverse process.

The rapid growth of mint-places, and their importance as showing the increasing domination of the kings of Wessex, have already been noticed. Of the laws which regulated the constitution and the working of the mints, we know little or The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle afi'ords us absolutely nothing. no information on these points. f The laws of ^thelstan, however, arc a little more explicit. In the first volume reference was made to the enactments of the Synod held at Greatleyt in Huntingdonshire, in a.d. 928, when it was ordered that there should be one kind of money throughout
* PI. iv., nos. 5, 6.

which Eadgar gives one moneyer of Stamford to the t The Charter in abbey of Medeshamsted (Peterborough) is of doubtful authenticity (sec
J.
>S.

Chron. s. a. 9G8, and Kenibk-, oTa). Scbmid, Gtsdze dir .1.6'. pp. 13S-9.

INTRODUCTION,
the whole rcahn, and that no one shouhl coin save
in
:

CIX

but certain places, on account of their importance, were to have two or more moneyers. Thus, Canterbury was to have seven four for the king, two for the bishop, and one for the abbot
town.

Each burg was

entitled to have one

moneyer

Colchester three

two
;

for the king,

and one

for the bishop

London eight;

Winchester

six;

Warcham [Southampton] two Hastings and Chichester, though specially mentioned, were to have one moneyer each. Many of the burgs availed themyet we have selves of this privilege granted by iEthelstan
;
:

Lewes two; Hamtunc Shaftesbury two two

no coins struck during that reign of even some of the places such as specially mentioned in the edict of Greatley It does not Chichester, Colchester, Hastings, and Lewes.
;

follow, of course, that these places did not strike coins at

we can say is that none are at present Anglo-Saxon and Oriental coins in Skye * has brought to light tlie new mint of WardThis borough, one of the burgs founded by iEthelfiaid. is of importance, as future finds will very probably increase the number of mints during the reign of iEthelstan, and thus show that the privilege of coinage was of wider extent than at present it can be proved to be. During the successive reigns of Eadmuud, Eadred, and Eadwig, the number of mint places decreases, but with Eadgar they again increase, till in the reign of ^Ethelred 11. there was no place of any note which did not exercise the right of coinage. There is no doubt that the frequent and heavy payments caused by the Danish invasions was one great cause of the growth of the mints. The fines and taxes had to be paid in coin, and this could not have been done had the numljcr of mints remained restricted. It was the easiest and readiest
that time
:

all

that

known. in 1891

find of

way

of levying a tax.

Religious houses as well

as very

small towns and even villages must have had to share in

the burdens and this would in some way account for many mints only existing for a very short time. Among such places may be mentioned Bedwin, Brewton, Darcnth, Otford, Sidbury, Welmesford, Weybridge, Witham, Sec.
;

* Proc. Soc.

Aut. Scot. 1891-92, Vol. xxvi.

p. 225.

ex

INTKODUOTION.

The mint towns mentioned in Domesday form but a very small portion of such as wore actually coining money during the reign of Edward the Confessor, and at the
time of the making of the Great Survey.

The
diflicult

identification

of

the

various

mints

is

rendered

from the
is

fact
tlie

tliat as

a rule only

the three or

four initial letters of

names are given

in
full,

in the inscription.
;

sometimes LVNDONI, LVNDONIA. Lincoln is sometimes found written LINCOLNE, but we also have the form lincolla. We have DEORBY, GIPESFIC, CEOTFORD, and in two instances DEORBii, -DEOTFORDE. For Salisbury we have the forms SERBY and SERBl, which are enough to show that the whole inscription would have been SEREBYRIG or SEREBIRIG.
These forms arc no doubt, properly speaking, those of the
oblique case.

London

often

written

lvndene

But

it is

equally certain that (like the Celtic

which is also an oblique case) this is the form of the word which survived the longest, and that from this termination byrig in iEglesbyrig, Cadanbyrig, and the rest, the modern forms Aylesbury, Cadbury, &c., The Latin writers nearly always use this are derived. form, and we have in them frequently such phrases as 'quod quod Sceftesbyrig nuucuGlastingabyrig nuncupatur,'
Kil- in place names,
'
'

'

patur,'

qui Searesbirig nominatur.'

It is evident

from the passages in Domesday cited on a

previous page* that the establishment of a large number of local mints was a source of considerable revenue to the king, which was augmented by the frequent changes of the

types of the

coins.

The

entry under Worcester which

directly mentions the reception of the dies at London is important it probably shows that the practice of issuing
;

them from the Exchequer William I. To what extent

not know.
chan<'-ed.

existed
this
it

during the reign of custom prevailed we do

later reigns the position of the

which his

was general. But in these moueyer would be greatly He was no longer the actual maker of the die on name occurred, but he became only the officer in
In later reigns

* P. civ.

INTRODUCTION.

CXI

charge of the mint, and as such was responsible for the true standard of weight and fineness of the coins issued by him. The mints described below are either doubtful or else have been identified for the first time in the course of preparing the present volume of the Catalogue of English Coins.
berry, co. Berks,

Ashdown (^sbedune or ^scedun) in the parish of Blewnow usually called Aston-Upthorp, is first mentioned in A. S. Chron. s. a. 648, when Coenwealh, king of the West Saxons, gave 3000 hides of land there to his
kinsman Cuthred,
In
A.D.

It

was probably the scene of the famous

victory of iEthelred and Alfred over the

Danes in a.d. 870. 1006 it was occupied for a while by the Danes, "Why a mint should have been established at this place we have no evidence to show. The only known coins attributed to this mint were struck during the reign of ^thelred II.* Bedwin (Bedewind or Bedewine) in the union of Hungerford, Wilts, is better known as Great Bedwin, to distinguish There is an ancient it from the smaller place of that name. camp in the immediate neighbourhood In a.d. 675 it was the scene of a battle between Wulfhere, king of Mercia, and iEscwine, king of Wessex. iElfred gave land there to Edward the Confessor signed a his elder son, Eadweard.f and a grant of land at that place was made charter there J At the Great to the monks of the church at Abingdon. Survey the king held it, as also did Edward the Confessor The only coins of this it was never assessed or hided.' National Collection were issued during the mint in the
; *

reign of

Edward

the Confessor.

Brewton or Brutun (Briutune) in the union of Wincanton, Somerset, was distinguished as the site of a monastery founded by Algar, earl of Cornwall, circ. a.d. 1005, for monks It was for a time annexed to the of the Benedictine order. abbey of St. Martin of Trouarn in Normandy. The manor was a royal one before the Conquest, and was hold by William L, who granted it to William de Moliun, in whose
||

* Hildtbrand, Angl. Mynt., p. 37.

t Birch, Cart. Sax.,
X " Istud fiiciuiu est

.'Jd:^

(Alfred's Will).

ad

villniu

nomino Bcdcwiudo
II

in

camera

regi:*," Koiiililc,
i.

9il.

Sec

p. R12.

Collint;un,

7A/.s7.

of Somu-i'if, vol

'ii:!

ex 11
poRseRfiion it

INTRODUCTION.

was

at tlio timo of

tlio

Great Survey.
to

Tlie
It

coiuH of
is

tills

plaeo were issued in the rei^n of Cnut.

probaMo that the mint belonged

the abbot of the

monastery.
a ])urg built

Bridgnorth (Brydiga, Bricge, or Brigge) in Shropshire, by TEthelflajd in a.d. 912.* There appears to be no further record, of this place till after the Conquest, when the castle and land there were held by Robert do

Bclcsme, son

and

successor

of

Roger

do

Montgomery,

Earl of Shrewsbury.

Cadbury (Cadanburh or Cadebcrie) in the union of Wincanwas the site of a Roman camp or city, as many Roman antiquities, coins, &c., have been found there. We have however no records of this place during the AngloSaxon period. At the time of the Survey it was held by Turstan Fitz Rolf, a Norman, who also resided there. Alwold held the manor during the reign of Edward the Confessor, and it was assessed to the geld of twelve hides.f South Cadbury (Sud-Cadeberie), close by, was also held by Alwold, and later on by Turstan. The coins of this place belong to the reigns of ^thelred II. and Cnut. (See p. 258, and Hildebrand, An(j. Mijiit., pp. 41 k 207.) Though there seems no reason why Cadbury should have a mint, there
ton, Somerset,

can be
*

little

iEthelred

II.

doubt of this attribution, as on the coins of the name of the place is given in full,

Cadanbyrig.'
Castle Rising (Roiseng or Risinges) in the

Lynn

division of

the Freebridge Hundred, Norfolk.

The evidence

of this place

having been a mint during the Anglo-Saxon period has been discussed by Mr. H. Montagu. t It is based on the doubtful reading of the monogram on the reverse of the coin of iElfred (no. 155, p. 54). Mr. Kenyon read the monogram CROINDEN for Croydon; BIr. Haigh read it ROISENG or ROISENGER for Castle Rising (?). With this latter reading

we

are

more inclined

to agree,

and the coin

is

ascribed to

Castle Rising in this catalogue.

Castle Rising was a place

* A. S. Chron.

s.

a.

912.

t Domesday.
I^rd Si-rics, ix. .3.S5.

Xuin. Chrou.,

INTRODUCTION.

CXlll

of considerable importance from a strategical point of view.

It stands

on the Wash and in a

district frequently attacked

by

tlie

Danes.
occur

No
till

other coins which

can be assigned to

this place

the reign of Stephen,

when

the mint

appears to have been revived for a short period. Corbridge (Corabridgej in the union of Hexham, Northumberland, was a lioman settlement, and during the Anglo-

Saxon period the site of a monastery. There exist however no records of this place earlier than a.d. 1138. The only coin which has been ascribed to this mint reads on the It was struck by ^thelred II. reverse OIERHD MO. COR.* The attribution is, therefore, very doubtful. Darenth (Darentune, Dserentan, Derent, or Tarent) in the union of Dartford in Kent, derives its name from the In a.d. 934 yEthelstan gave a grant of land river Darent. In Domesday it appears as beat Darenth to .^Ifwald.f longing to the Archbishop of Canterbury. There is only one It was coin known which can be attributed to Darenth. issued during the reign of .^thelstan, and is in the possesIt is of type v., and reads on the sion of Mr. H. Montagu. VRB. In the catalogue it is reverse beorhtvlf darent erroneously given to Dartmouth (see list of moneyers,
.

Beorhtulf, p. 101).

Dereham, East (Deorham or Dyrham),

in the union

of

Mitford and Launditch, Norfolk, was the site of a nunnery of Benedictines founded by Anna, king of the East Angles,

made

Withburga, his youngest daughter, whom he The nunnery was subsequently destroyed by the Danes but the remains of Withburga were disinterred and translated circ. a.d. 974 to Ely, to which see the manor The of Dereham was given by Edward the Confessor. J only coins which can be attributed to this mint belong to
in A.D.

650

for

prioress.
;

the reign of this king.

two Dorchesters

or Dorecestre). There were Anglo-Saxon times, both places of great importance, and either likely to have possessed a

Dorchester

(Dorceastre
in

* Hildebrand, Anq. Mynt. p. 17.

X

Kcmblc,

3(54.

Komblc, 907.

P. 35G, nos. 200-202.

ex IV

INTRODUCTION.
It
is

mint.
coins

ronmins to determine whether Dorchester in Oxfordshire or

tlic

tlio

DOR on the
in

Dorchester

Dorsetshire.
Dorcliestcr in

union of Walliugford in Oxfordshire

In a.d. 654 was an ancient British and Roman settlement. an episcopal see was established there, and Birinus was its It ceased to be a see from a.d. 705-870, in first bishop. which year Leicester having fallen into the hands of the Dancr", Dorchester was made the seat of the united bishopric It continued to be a of Dorchester, Leicester, and Lindsey. In see until a.d. 1085, when it was transferred to Lincoln.* There ancient charters this place is styled villa ejnscojxdis. is no mention of Dorchester in Oxfordshire having received
the right of coinage or of a mint.

Dorchester in Dorsetshire was also a British and

settlement.

Eoman
at

The
a.d.

first

mention of
containing

it

is

in

charter of

Ecgbeorht,

833,t

grant of

lands

Weunland to three sisters, Beornwyn, Alfled, and UualenThe town is there styled villa regalis. In Domesday burch. As, moreover, we it is again spoken of as a royal demesne. are expressly informed in Domesday that in this Dorchester there were [in the reign of Edward the Confessor] two mint-masters, each of whom paid to the king one mark
in silver

and twenty shillings upon

a recoinage, it is evident

that Dorchester in Dorsetshire was the mint place during

the Anglo-Saxon period.

GeoSaburh or Jobaburh. This place is identified with Piaine and Dixon identify in Jedburgh by Hildebrand.J like manner JucJanburh with Jedburgh (Archbishops of York, vol. i., p. IIG cf. A. S. Chron., s. a. 952; also Toller and Bosworth, A. S. Did., s.v. Jutianburh). It would seem, however, that the usual names for Jedburgh were Gedword, Geddewerde, Oedewurth, ttc. It cannot, there;

fore,

be said that this identification

is

is

other than doubtful.

not a likely site for the event mentioned in A. S. Chron. s. a. 952.

Jedburgh

* Tarker, Uift. of Dorchester, pp. 19-22. X Aug. Mijnt. p. 497.

Komblc. 232.

INTRODUCTION.

CXV

Hamtune (Southampton or Northampton). Both places, Southampton and Northampton, are called in the AngloSaxon Chronicle and at this period simply Hamtune.' Southampton, as the chief port in the west, was a place of considerahle importance even in lioman times. It was occasionally the residence of the Anglo-Saxon kings and it suffered much from the incursions of the Danes. Frequent mention is made of this town in the charters of Edward the Confessor, and from Domesday we learn that it possessed two moneyers. The Hamtune mentioned in the Edict of
*
;

to* is also undouhtedly Southtowns mentioned in the edict are in the ancient dominions of the kings of Wessex. Northampton was captured by the Danes in a.d. 917 and

Greatley ahove

referred

ampton

for all the other

served as their head-quarters circ. a.d. 921. In this year, being defeated by Eadweard the Elder, the Danes evacuated Northampton and for nearly a century the town remained undisturbed. The year 1010 witnessed another invasion by the Danes, during which Northampton was burnt to the ground; and in a.d. 1064, during the rising against Tostig, it was plundered and the inhabitants outraged. During the reign of
this

Henry
in

II. it

received the right of coinage.

is

But

the balance of probability

right

that Southampton alone enjoyed

period.

the Anglo-Saxon

The

'

Hamtune

mint was
to the

in active operation

from the time of ^thelstan

all

Conquest,

though coins of

the reigns are not

represented in the National Collection.

Horndon (Horninduna, Horny ngdone, or Torninduna) in Essex is divided into three parishes, a division which appears to have existed since the time of Edward the Confessor. (1) East Horndon was held in the reign of Edward the Confessor by Aluuin, one of the king's thegns. Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, also had twenty acres there. (2) West Horndon, otherwise called Little Horndon, was held by two freemen during the same reign. At the time of the Survey the manor was held by Edward son of Algot. (3) Horndon on the Hill was in the reign of Edward the Confessor

CXvi

IMTIIOhfCTION.

by Uulric ii freeman, probably the Hame who held but Knstacc, Earl of Boulof,'no, and his East ITorndoii undrr-icnuut Garner held it at the time of the Survey.* The only coins of this mint were issued during the reign of
held
;

Edward
Lowik

the Confessor.

Jedbiirgli, sec

GcoSaburh.

(Luueic, Lufwyk, or Luhwic) in Of the early history of this place Northamptonshire. From Domesday it appears scarcely anything is known. there was divided between the Bishop of that the manor Constance and the crown; as Edwin and Algar held one virgatc of the former and Sibold one virgatc and a half of The attribution of the coin reading lvveic the latter.
or

Luffwick

(no. 20, p. 195) to this place is therefore very doubtful.

Lymne (Liman, Limna, or Limene) in Kent. This is the Portus Lemanus of the Eomans, one of their most important The harbour fell into decay at an early period harbours. of the Saxon occupation, and Hythe sprang up to take
its place.

lands at

Lymne were

In the early part of the eleventh century the The divided up into several manors.

most important of these was that of Aldington, which became

part of the estates of Christ Church, Canterbury, in a.d. 1032. In Domesday it is entered under the general title of terra

land held of the Archbishop by militum archiepiscopi, i.e. Coins of this mint range from Eadgar to knight's service.'
'

Edward

the Confessor.

similarity in the spelling of the

Essex and Malmesbury in "Wiltshire, The names of these two places makes it, when we have only the initial letters to guide us, almost impossible to distinguish between the coins of the
]\raldon in

two mints. Maldon is found as M9eldune,Mealduna,Mealdune,Meldune, and Meldunum and Malmesbury as Mailduifesburh, Malmesbiriensis, Mealmesburh (Mealmesbyrig), Mealdemesburh, and Both places were of considerable importance ]\[eldunum. during the Anglo-Saxon period. The first mention of Maldon
;

*
vol.

Morant, Uist. of Essex,

ii.

vol.

i.

pp.

207-21G; "Wright, Hist, of Essex,

p.

2.")0.

INTRODUCTION.

CXvii

is in the A. S. Cliron. s. a. 913, when Eadweard the Elder came with some of his forces into Essex at M?eldune, and encamped

there whilst a town was building and fortifying at WiSam Again in a.d. 920 the same king came to Mteldune and (q. v.).
rebuilt and fortified the town.

In the next year Maldon was

army of East Angles or of Vikings from over the sea, and was again besieged and
unsuccessfully besieged by a joint

captured in a.d. 993.

At the Great Survey Maldon formed

part of the royal domain, as the king had in it one house, and pasture for 100 sheep, and also 180 houses, which the

burgesses held of him.

The first mention of the town of Malmesbury during the Anglo-Saxon period is of the burning of the burg by the Danes, circ. a.d. 878. The town was afterwards consumed by another fire and rebuilt by Eadweard the Elder. In A.D. 1015 {A. 8. Giron.) after the murder of the thanes, Sigeferth and Morkere at Oxford, the king ordered that Sigeferth's widow should be taken to Malmesbury. The town owed its origin as well as its name to the celebrated abbey founded in the seventh century by Maildulf, an Irish monk, and is made illustrious by the writings of William of Malmesbury. Newark (Newarcha or Newerke) in Northamptonshire was an ancient chapelry in the parish of St. John the Baptist, Peterborough. There exists some doubt whether the coin attributed to this town (see no. 13, p. 160) may not have
been struck at Newark in Nottinghamshire, in which city a castle is said to have been built by Ecgbeorht. This manor was subsequently held by Leofric, Earl ofMcrcia, and
in

Domesday Godiva,
it.

his Countess, appears as paying

in the

the

danegeld for
Shropshire,

hundred of South 13radfield, There appear to be no records of its early history. Sir John Evans identifies this mint with Newport in Cornwall, the Celtic name of which was Laustephadon, or the town of St. Stephen's Church.* Northampton, see Hamtune.
is

Newport (Niweporte),

situated near Watling Street.

Nam.

C/iroM., 3icl Series, vol. v., p. 257.

CXVlll

INTRODUCTION.

Otford (OSnford, Ottaiifortla, &c.), in the hundred of Codshoatli,

Kent, wiis

tlie

scene of the victory (jljtained in a.u. 773*

by Oflii of i\Iercia over Eulhmund of Kent (cf. Vol. I., p. xlv.), and also of the battle in a.d. 10 10 in which Eadmund Ironside defeated the Danes. OflTa gave the manor of Otford to the Church of Canterbury, and at the Great Survey it was assigned to the Archbishop, and continued to form part of the possessions of the see till long subsequent to the Conquest.f There are no coins of this mint in the National Collection. A penny of iEthelred II., reading LEIFDOO MO OON, is described by Hildebrand, Auf^. Mynt., p. 130.
. .

It is of

type

iv.

var.

a.

Eichborough (Ricyeburh) in^ Kent is the Tortus Iiutupiae of the Romans. Traces of Roman work are discoverable in the ruins of the castle. There are in fact no evidences of Saxon occupation. Such occupation, however, might very well have taken place, and yet have left no durable
traces either in
buildiu<:i;s

or in walls.

It is therefore with
(see

considerable doubt that the coins with the legend RIC

There is pp. 289, 422) have been attributed to this place. no mention of Richborough either in the Anglo- Saxon
Chronicle or in Domesday.

Sidbury(Si'besteburhor Sideburh), a parish near Sidmouth,

This manor was granted to the see of Exeter by Edward the Confessor during the episcopacy of Leofric, and it was in the possession of that see at the time of
Devonshire.
the Great Survey.
at
p.

The
p.

attribution of the coins described

231

and

292

(^thelred

II.

and

Cnut)

is

doubtful.

Sidmouth (Sidmes, Sedemunde, or Sedemude), a seaport in The most ancient name appears to have been Sidemen. Numerous Roman antiquities and coins have been found there. At the time of the Conquest, Gyda, mother of Harold II., was in possession of the manor of Sidmouth but shortly after the Conquest and prior to the Great Survey it was bestowed by William on the monastery of St. Michael 'in periculo maris,' Mont St. Michel in Normandy. The
Devonshire.
;

* A. a. Chioii.,

c.

a.

773.

t Uastcd, Uist. cj Kent, vol.

i.,

p. 322.

INTRODUCTION.
only coin attributed
to

CXIX

this

place

has

the

mint

name

SIDMES.*
Southampton, see Hamtune.
Tcmpsforcl (Taemeseforda or Temesanford), in the union of Biggleswade, co. Bedford, was fortified by the Danes in
A.D. 921. Later on in the same year it was taken by Eadweard the Elder, who beset the burg and fought against it and slew the King, and Earl Toglos and Earl Manua, his
'

all those who were there within.' The city appears to have remained undisturbed till a.d. 1010, when the Danes took it and reduced it to ashes. The coins

son and his brother, and

attributed to this mint (pp. 173-174) were struck before the place was burnt by the Danes.

Tonbridge (Tonebricg, Tonebrug, &c.) in Kent. Of this records before the Conquest. There was an ancient castle there which is supposed to have been built before that time. In Domesday the only reference to Tonbridge is in speaking of Eichard de Tonbridge, alias Fitz Gilbert, who held the manor there and was also possessed of land in various other parts of Kent. The attribution of the coins of iEthelred II., ascribed to Tonbridge by Hildeplace there are no

brand,

is

doubtfuLf

Totleigh or Totley (Totleah or Totele) in the union of

Of this place there appear no early records. The coin of Cnut, which is ascribed to Totleigh, reads TOTEL.$ Wardborough (Weardburh) in the union of Wallingford, Oxfordshire. We have scarcely any records of this now In A. S. Cliron. s. a. 913, wo small and unimportant place. find that iEthelHaed, lady of the Mercians, built in the next year after midwinter that (burg) at Cyricbyrig (Cherbury) and that at Weardbyrig, and that same year before midwinter
Ecclesall-Bierlow, Derbyshire.
to be
'

that at

granted

Kumcofa (Euncorn).' Land by Eadmund to Wulfric

Aug. Mynt.
p. 137.
'

at
a.d.

Wardborough was Of this 944.|1

* Hildcbraiid,

t lb. p.

14!,

3828-9.

% Ih. p. 301, .S5GG.

idoutifics
)

Steenstnip, Normannerne, vol. iii., p. i'i, Wi^densljorfnigli in ^tuffonlsliire (.-^ei.' above p. Hi

II

this

pliico

with

Kemble, Ills.

OXX

INTRODUCTION.
is

mint only one coin p. 1015, and Inmrs on

known.

It is of TEthelstan,

type

v.

tlie

reverse the inscription

BYRHTELM

MOT p>EARDBV. This coin formed part of the Skye hoard found in 1891, and the presence in the same hoard of coins struck at Oxford renders its attribution to Wardborough
beyond question. Warmington (Wcrmington), in the hundred of Polebrook, Northamptonshire, formed part of the possessions of the see of Peterborough, during the Anglo-Saxon period; though the documents which profess to record the grants of it are, as in the case of Welmesford (q.v.), not of the date which they profess to be.* At the time of the Survey the abbey of Peterborough still held seven hides and a half at "Warmington. Coins attributed to this mint read p>ORi or |>0RIME, &c. They were struck during the reigns of iEthelred II., Cnut, and Harold I.f Welmesford, Walmesford or Wansford (Welmesforda), in the union of Stamford, Northamptonshire, was also an ancient
possession of the see of Peterborough.
lated in A. S. Clirou. (E.)
s. a,

The passage
tlie

interpo-

supposed grant of the manor to the abbey of St. Peter, St. Paul, and St. Andrew, at Medeshamstede, i.e. Peterborough, by Wulfhere, son of Penda, king of Mercia; and a spurious charter in

657 records

supposed to confirm the grant. WelmesDomesday but appears to have been part of the knight's fees which Anketil de St. Medard held of the abbey. The attribution to Welmesford of the coin of Cnut with mint name p>ELMlAE (no. 556, p. 296) is open to doubt. Weybridge (Weybricca, Weybrugge, or Wibricg) is in the union of Chertsey, Surrey. Two hides of the manor of Weybridge were granted by ^thclstan to the abbey of Chertsey, a.d. 13 Dec. 933. | This grant was confirmed by
is

Kemble (575)
ford
is

not mentioned in

Edward

the

Confessor
still

in

a.d.

1062.

Survey the abbey

possessed two hides of land at

At the Great Wey-

* Cf. A. S. Chron.,

s. a.

9G3; aud Kemble,

Coil.

Dipl. Sax., 575.

t Hildebruml, Aikj. Mynt., pp. 1G5. 314, 375. lb. 812. I Kemble, 3G3.
"

INTRODUCTION.
bridge, and Alured held

CXXl

them

in the time of

Edward

the

Confessor, and after his death.

The

coins having the mint

name

[>ib or [>IBR, struck during the reign of Cnut,* can only be doubtfully ascribed to Weybridge.

Winchcombe (Wincelcumb)
place

in

Gloucestershire

was a

of residence of the Mercian kings.

Offa of Mercia

founded a nunnery there in a.d. 787. Two years later Coenulf of Mercia laid the foundation of a Benedictine abbey dedicated to St. Mary, which took the place of the nunnery. Coenulf was buried there in a.d, 822. The monastery suffered severely during the Danish ravages and was in a ruinous condition in the reign of Eadgar, when Oswald, bishop of Worcester, rebuilt it, and it was reconsecrated to the Virgin Mary and St, Kenelm.f The only coin

which can be attributed

no. 597, p. 299.

to

this

place

is

that

of Cnut,

Witham (Wi^am) in Essex. This burg was built by Eadweard the Elder in a.d. 913.$ There are no further records of it till the compilation of Domesday, from which we learn
belonged to Earl Harold (Godwine's son) during the Edward the Confessor. At the time of the Great Survey, Peter the Sheriff kept it in the king's hands, and
that
it

reign of

Bouillon,

was some time part of the estate of Eustace, Earl of who married Goda, sister of William I. It subsequently reverted to the crown, and Stephen gave it to the Knights Templars. A coin reading Pi)A, struck during the reign of Harthacnut is attributed to this mint.
it
|1

In completing, as we do in this volume, the description between the time when the English first began to strike money and the Norman Conquest, it may be well to review in a few words the contents of the two volumes together, and sum up very briefly
of the whole series of coins struck

Summauy.

* Hildebraiid, Aug. Mijnt., p. 307. t Rudder,

Ilii't.
s.

X A. S. Gliron.

of Glosttrsliire, pp. 825-2G. a. 913.

i.,

Wrif^lit, 7/^'^^ of Esxex, vol.

11

p. 21(3.

llildcbraud, Any. Mynt.,

p. -108.

cxxii

introductkjn.

the chief points of liistorical and artistic interest which the whole series of Early English coinage has to offer.

English coinage hegan, as we saw, with the series of

money current among the Franks of the Merovingian dynasty and of their neighbours the Frisians. AVo saw also reason to conjecture that, at the time at which this first English money was made, some Roman silver and gold coins and a very large number of small Eomau copper coins were still current in this country. The first series of English coins consisted of a few gold and a very considerable number of silver pieces (sceattas), which
imitations of the
earlier

were no doubt chiefly current in the districts nearest to the French coast. But they evidently spread through middle England as far as Northumbria, for we have coins of this series with the name of Mercian and Northumbrian kings.
In Northumbria it is probable that the sceattas did not displace the chief currency of the district, which still consisted in the small copper Eoman coinage of which we have before
spoken, and the result of the introduction of the sceattas was that these coins assimilated themselves in appearance to the
small

Eoman
series,

coins.

The Northumbrian coinage,

called the

Styca

Styca series

changes from a silver to a copper one, and this endures until the conquest of Northumbria by

the Danes in the year 868.

is affected

South of the Humber, the history of the English coinage by the changes which took place in the coinage of Francia. In the latter country the house of Heristal introduced, before the end of the eighth century, a new type of silver coin by the coinage of what was called the new denarius ; and this money was speedily imitated in England in the penny coinage of Off'a (probably struck in Kent) as also in the penny coinages of the kings of Kent, the Archbishops of Canterbury, and a few of the kings of East Anglia, Between the battle of Ellanduue in a.d. 825, and the death of Burgred in a.d. 874, we watch the other South Humbrian coinages disappear and that of ^Yessex alone survive. As we have pointed out, the early so-called Wessex coins were probably at first struck only in Kent. The two classes of coins, then, which mark the beginning

INTRODUCTION.
of

CXXIU
the

an English coinage

the

sceattas of

seventh and

eighth centuries and the pennies which succeeded them

were

both derived, so far as regards their general appearance and fabric, from similar (;\Ierovingian and Carolingian) coinages on the Continent. But from the very beginning of the

English coinage a great originality is shown in the details of the fabrication, such as in the choice of the types, in the forms of the letters in the inscription, &c. In truth the
originality
is

even more conspicuous on the earliest coins,

in the sceattas, for example,

Offa,

and on the

first

coins issued

by

on the whole we may say that in respect of type and general appearance the English currency throughout is markedly independent of influences coming from the Continent. The continental coinage develops into two distinct branches, the French and the German. The English coinage stands apart from both as a distinct series. All these facts argue a very considerable wealth and remarkable commercial activity in this
than
it

is

on the

later pieces.

Still

country.

The incursions
by

of the Vikings

and the

first

coins struck

a Scandinavian people during the latter half of the ninth

century form the next important feature in the history of

the English coinage.

One

of these difi'erent series of Scandinavian coinages

is

imitated

rather from the Frankish coinage than from the

(See Vol.
I.

English.

pp. 204-229,

and

PI. xxiv.-xxvii.)

All

the other coins which were struck by or under the influence

of Scandinavian conquerors in England, are no

more than debased imitations of the current coinage of the country. It is at this time that the names of the moneyers upon coins
begin to show a curious infusion of foreign elements, and not Scandinavian elements only, among the population

In iElfred's reign we have to note the of England. beginning of the practice of adding the names of mintplaces upon the coins, the only mint-places which had before his reign been mentioned on any coins being London Vol. I. pp. 10-11) and Canterbury (Vol. I. p. 41 and Vol. II. The chief interest to be found in tlic mintpp. 6, 13-14). names on the coins begins during the reign of iEthclstan.

CXXIV

INTRODUCTION.
from this reign down to

For

in the wliolo series of coins

the reign of Eadgar wo have continuous evidence of the recovery by the kings of Wesscx of the country from the

hands of the Danes.

those
of

With the exception of three reigns, Eadmund, Eadred, and Eadwig, the number of
recorded

mint-places

by the

coins

goes on

continually

increasing to the time of ^Ethclred II.

we notice a certain change in The dies appear to have been made more roughly than heretofore, and we may infer that a greater number of coins than previously were struck from
After the reign of Eadgar
the appearance of the coins.
It is difficult to describe in words this same die. but the change in the appearance of the English coins general eflfect of it on the eye and mind is to suggest that after the death of Eadgar, or at any rate after the accession of iEthelredlL, the number of pieces issued was considerably greater than at any previous time, and that the more purely commercial character of the coinage was exclusively kept in view, while a striving after art in the manufacture of the Indeed the amount of money dies almost disappeared. coined in the reign of -^thelred II. must have been enorThe payments which are recorded to have been mous. made at various times in this reign and the next 10,000 lbs. of silver, 16,000 lbs., 45,000 lbs., 87,000 lbs. imply an enormous currency, even though we admit that these large sums could not all have been paid in specie. That such payments in any form should have been possible despite all the misfortunes of England implies that her commercial prosperity had been continually on the increase. In the reign of iEthelred II. we have further that important event in the history of the English coinage, in some respects the most important event of all, the initiative which it gave to the creation of a Scandinavian coinage currencies initiated by the Danes in Ireland and in Scotland and other currencies for Denmark, for Sweden, and for Norway. As we have already said, the coinage of -^iEthelred and its imitations symbolize the wide rule of Cnut, who might have built up a lasting Scandinavian Empire if Cnut had had worthy successors, or if the Scandinavian customs of

the

INTRODUCTION.
inheritance could have been broken through.
this

CXXV

Undoubtedly enormous currency of ^thelred's coinage, and of imitations of it throughout all Scandinavian lands, must have led to an increase in trade between England and other northern countries and paved the way for intercourse of all kinds. We know how much the English chronicles are concerned with Norwegian and Danish history at this time, and how much the Icelandic Sagas have to tell us about English
history.

Some further tokens of the power and the ambition of Cnut are given by the adoption upon the coinage of a crowned bust, probably copied from the bust on the Imperial German coins and one or two instances which occur at this time of the copying of German types upon the English money, or the converse, suggest that our relations were (through Denmark and Frisia) rather more with the German Empire than with France. The whole state of affairs changed when Edward the Confessor mounted the throne, and Norman influences began to be felt in this country.
;

This history of the spread of English coinages in the

North marks the end of the influence of English coinage before the Conquest. As we have said, the influence of the new power the Norman though it began to be felt

during the reign of Edward the Confessor, is not reflected so far as we can gather upon the coinage. Perhaps in one

we may see a reflection of it in the so-called Sovereign type of Edward the Confessor, which is the first appearance of what we may call a coat-of-arms upon coins. Thus far as regards the historical interest of the English
case
'
'

coinage.

Its

artistic

interest

is,

of course,

very

much
In the

smaller

but

still it is

not without artistic interest.

earliest series of all, the sceatta series,

we have

number and

variety of designs which in proportion to the extent of the

issue is perhaps without precedent in

any other coinage of

any history
to

the world.
for the

The designs on the

sceattas are not themselves

most part
place.

artistically beautiful, but in

of

the development of ornament they ought

take
in

conspicuous
first

They

present, as

was shown

the

volume, some striking examples of the degradation of

ox XVI
typcfl,

TNTllOnilCTION.

and throupjli degradation of the evolution of fresh In the first volume a good deal of space was allotted to tracing the origin, the development, etc., of these
types.

designs.

Then, again, the coins of Offa arc in a way monuments of and in the history of Anglo-Saxon art, and of its development out of Celtic art, these coin-types deserve a place alongside of the illuminated manuscripts of the period. After Offa's reign we continue from time to
artistic excellence
;

time to have coins which are artistically beautiful. Some heads on the money of Eadweard the Elder afford the best

examples perhaps of the kind of work of which we are speaking; these, again, could not he neglected in any hisBut after this time, or at any tory of Anglo-Saxon art. rate after the reign of Eadgar, as we have just stated, the English coinage ceases to have any artistic merit, and an artistic coinage does not again appear in England until the reign of Edward I. of the Angevin or Plantagenet line.
In the preparation of this Catalogue the compilers have been under special obligations to Sir John Evans, K.C.B,, Treas. E.S., who has read the proofs of the Catalogue, and to. Mr. H. Montagu, F.S.A., who has placed at their disposal his manuscript notes on the early coinage of Wessex, and has supplied lists of unpublished moneyers. Their thanks are also due to the Eev. E. McClure for his notes on that portion of the Introduction which deals with the mints.

a z <

o
z
UJ

a.

<

CATALOGUE.

CORRIGENDA.
P.
1,

add name of Eanwald to

1.
i,

list

of moneyers.

P. 21,
P. 27

2,

dele in

Kent

a.d. 858.

for

Xristiano road Xristiana.

P. 101,

1.
1.

51, first col., for

5, for 6,

P. 394,
P. 409,

1.

Dartmouth read Darenth, 0bcrn read 0grim. for read/ECELPIC.

CATALOGUE OF ENGLISH COINS.

ANGLO-SAXON SERIES.

KINGDO^I OF WESSEX.
ECGBEORHT.
Srcc. A.D. 802
;

died

a.d.

838* or 839t.

Moneyerg.
Aenred.
JEfel-, see E?el-.
Ifa.

01a (Canterbury).

Andred.

Osmund
Sigestef.

(Cautcrbury).

Beagmund.
Boornheard, Beornhart, &c. Beornmod, Biorniuod, <&c. (Canterbury).
Biosil, Bosel [cf. Bosa] (Canterbury).

Sweflieard, Swefherd (Canterbury).

Swene.

Tideman. Tiluuiue (Canterbury).

Bosa.
iJehis.

Timbearht
bury).
Ti^lnaritf.

[cf.

Ti^-beaiht] (Caiitor-

Biornmod] (Canterbury). Dynyn [Duniug V]. EStlmod.

Diorniod
[cf.

Werlnard. Wulgar.

Description of Types.

Obverse.
|

Reverse.

Type
Bu.t
diadtuud. tion between two
r

i.

Around, inserip;

circles, divideil

by

jionofrram "^

bust.
1

for ^f) (Dorol)iriiia Civitas).

8crii)tion

f&

DOROB
.s.

0^

Around,

in-

between two eireh

[Cf. PI.

I.

1.]

* Stiibbs.

'riicopivM.

See Iiitnxluction.

but this rrailinf; seems scarcely J This monogram has bcpii likewise read It is pos^ibb' tliat lliis type is a Uegrudatidn from the type of Archbishop Wulfred ailmissiblc. Introiliiction to the ]>rescnt volume. See Vol. I. p. 73, I'l. xii. 7 ; anU the (a.i>. 803-83U).

fcCBOR;

VOL. n.

WESSEX.
Reverse.

Obverse.

Type
t^imilnr
hunt.
;

i.

vnr. a.
1

iuncriptinn

not

divided

hy

Same,
Coll.]

[Kvans
Type
Bust r., (liadomcd. Around, inscription between two circles, <livi(led by bust.
[Cf.
i

ii.

Monogram
I.

^-

A and

CO).

Around,

inscription
2.]

between two

circles.

n.

Type Bust
diademed. tion between two
r.,

iii.

Around,
circles,

inscrip-

divided by
I

Cross, two liml>s pattes. Around,

nioline,

iiis('rij)tirin

two limbs between

bust.
[Cf.

two

circles.

n.

I.

3.]

Type

iv.

Head

r.,

diademed.

Arou7id, inscrip)-

Cross crosslet.
ticeen

Around, inscription

he-

tion between tico circles.

two

circles.

[Rud.,

n.

14,

].]

Type

V.

Head

diademed. Around, inscription between two circles.

r.,

Cross potent.
|

Around, inscription

he-

tween two

circles.

[Rud., PI. 27,

1.]

Type

vi.

Head

diademed. Around, inscription between two circles.

r.,
I

Lozenge-shaped
four
circles.
I.

pellet, surroundi

d by

crescmts,

liorns

outwards.

Around, inscription
4.]

between

two

[Cf. PI.

ECGBEORHT.
Reverse.

Type
Ue(idr.,(li(t(himed.

vii.

Around, inscription

Cross pattee.

Around, inscription

be-

between two circles.

tween two

circles.

[Saiothill, Olla Podrida, PI. 20, 7.]

Type

viii.

Head

diademed. Around, inscription between two circles.

r.

Cross pattee, with wedge in each angle (cross pattee over another cross patte'e). Around, inscription between

two
I

circles.

[Cf. PI.

I.

5.]

Type

ix.

Head

diademed. Around, inscription l)('t\v(en two circles.

r.,

Tribrach moline.

Around, inscription

between two
I.

circles.

[Cf. PI.

6.]

Type
Cross pattee.

X.

Around, inscription becircles.

Cross
I.

crosslet.

Ar<nind,
circles,

iiiscrijition

tween two

between two
7.]

[Cf. PI.

Tyj>e xi

Sun

piriht

rays patt(fs issuing from

Cross pattee.

Around, inscription

be'

rirrh enclosing pellet. Around, inscription between two circles.

tween two

circles.

[E. J. G. PifiFard

dll]

Type

xii.

Sun?

rays pattcs issuing from Around, incircle enclosing pellet.

scription

nine

Tribrach, limbs fourche's. Around, in* pcripfion betwc ni two <irclc8.

between two

circles.

[Cf. PI.

I.

HJ
B 2

WESSEX.
Obvcrnc.

RevcrBe.

Type
Cross potent.
Arjiiiid, inscrijitiou becircles.
I

xiii.

Ciohh potent.

Around, inscription becircles.

tween two

twcou two
I.
!.]

[Cf. ri.

Type

xiv.

Monogram ^fjL** Around,

between two
circles.

inscripfion

Cross potent.

Around, inscription

he-

tween two

circles.

[Num. Chron., N.

S., iii. 4G.]

Type XV.
Cros* palt^e.

Around, inscription

be-

Six rays or limbs patt^s, issuing from a

tween two

circles.

common

centre.

Around, inscription

between two

circles.

[Riid.,

n.

27, 2.]

Type
Cross of six limbs pattes.

xvi.

Around,

in-

Cross of five limbs pattes.

Around, in-

scription betwei^n two circles.

scription between two circles.

[Evans

Coll.]

* The monogram horc given correctly rc})re!ients that on tbe coin. The figure lielow is taken from tlie only publislioil repre^-cntatioii ot the coin. Since the figure was done the comi>ilers have had an opi>ortuuity of seeing tlie original.

ECQBEORHT.
Reverse.

Obverse.

Type
Small
croxs jmtte'e icitldii

xvii.

four crescents,
inscription

Cross pattee.

Around, inscription

be-

Across, horns inwards. between two circles.

tween two

circles.

[Boyne

Cull.]

Type

xviii.

S/^oT fj^ (SAXON)

placed.

irregularly

Cross pattee.

Around, inscription becircles.

Around, iuscriptiun between

[Cf. PI.
I.

tween two

two

circles.

10.]

Type xix.
Cross piitent.

Around, inscription

he-

Monogram

PA

(for

SAX).

Around,

tween two

circles.

inscrijition between two circles.

[Num. Chron.,

N.S.,

iii.

46.]

Type XX.
Inscription
field.

SAX ONIO

in three lines across

Cross patttfe.

Around, inscription

be-

RVM
Around, inscription between
two
circles.

tween two

circles.

[Jlurdiison C.dl.]

WESSICX.

Descuiition ok Coins.*

No.

ECGBEORHT.
No.

WESSEX.

No.

AETHELWULF.

AETHELWULF.
Succ. A.D. 838 or 839; died a.d. 858.

(Resigned Wessex to bis son Ae'Selbald in 856 and reigned in Kent only.)
Moneyers.

Mtal-, see E?el-. Beagmutid. Biarnmod or Biarmod. Biarnno^ (Canterbury). Brid (Canterbury).
Degbeariit. Deineab (Canterbury). Diar (Canterbury).

ESelred? (Canterbury).

Hebeca? (Canterbury).
Hedeheald [for Herel>eabl?]. Herebeald (Canterbury). Herebearht.

Hunbearht [Hunbeant] (Canterbury).

Hun red.
l.ialm or Liuba.

Duduiue. Dun(n). Ealgmuiid [Ealbmuiid

bury).

Mauiuc [Manninc] (Canterbury). Manna, Mann, &c.

?]

(Canter-

Osmund

(Canterbury). Tiruald [Tiduald ?].

Eanmund
Eanwalil.

(Canterbury).

Torbtulf.

Torbtwald.

Eardwulf. EJelgeard
Eielheard. E^elbere.

Uermund.
l

= ESelheard ?]
ESelno^
?].

Uueallieard, Uuelheard, &c. [ = 'Uelmheard ?] (Canterbury). Uuelmbeard L=Uuealhi.'ard?]

E'Selniod [or
ESelno'6.

Uuilheah or Wilbeah
(Canterbury). Weineali [of. Deineab.]

[of.

Uuelbeard]

ESelmund (Canterbury).

Description of Types.
Obverse.

Trjpe

i.

DORIBI
ten.

or

DOR IB

Around,
circles.

irregularly writinscription between

[Cf. PI.

Monogram ^P!^
between two

Around, inscription

two

circles.

n.

].]

Type

i.

var. a.

Sumo

as reverse of preceding
I

Same
[Cf. PI. II. 2.]

as obverse of preceding.

Type

ii

DORIBI
ten.

or

DORIB

Around,
circles.

irregularly writinscription between

In centre

i^Ci.

An)uud, inscription

two

between two
[Cf. PI. II. 3.]

circles.

Type Ty

iii.

Monogram ^f^^
between two

Around, inscription

Cross

patte'o,

in

angles

CYMT

(CANT?)
tween two
II.

Aromul, inscription becircles.

circles.

[Cf.

PL

4.J

10

WESSEX.

Obveriic.

Keveree.

Type
Moii-riin

iv.

Sj^ (SAXONV).
two

Anmiul,

CroBS puttee over anotlitr crobs

jiattee.

Around,
circlcB.

iiiecriptiou

bttwceu

two

iiiscriiitiiin ijutwcuii

ciirk'S.

[Cf. ri. II. 5.]

Type
Crtiss piitteo over aiiotlicr cross pattec.

V.

SAX
Inscription

ON 10
R/M
circles.

in

three

lines

Arounii,
circles.

inscriptiuu

between

two
across

field.

Around,

inscription

between two
[Cf. PI. II. 6.]

Type
yanie.

V.

var. a.

Similar,

SAX ONIO

and around, between

RVM
two
[Cf. PI. II. 7.]
circles,

OCLI DENTALIVM, in-

stead of

money er's name.

Type
Bust
tion
r.,

vi.

diademed.

Around,

inscrip-

between

t\0 circles,

divided by

Christian

monogram

^. An uud,
circles.

in-

bust.

scription
[Cf. PI. II. 8.]

between two

Type

vii.

Bust

diademed. tion between two

r.,

Around, inscripcircles, divided by

y
^"^

"^^^^^

JTB

a *^- Ground,

inscription be-

bust.

tween two
[Cf. PI. II. 9.]

circles.

Type
Bust
diademed. tion between two
r.,

viii.

Around, inscripcircles,

divided by

In centre ^.

Around, inscription be-

bust.

tween two
[Cf. PI. II. 10.]

circles.

Type
Bust
diademed. tion between two
r.,

ix.

Around,
circles,

inscrip-

Cross

patte'e,

divided by
[Cf. PI.

Around,
circles.

pellet in each angle. inscription between two

bust.

II

11.]

AETHELWULF.
Obverse.

11

Reverse.

Type

ix. vur. a.
I

Head

diademed. Around, iuscription between two circles.

r.,

Similar;

smaller

cross

pattc'e

no

pellets in angles.
|

[Cf. PI. II. 12.]

Tijpt X.

Ilead

diademed. Around, iuscription between two circles.

r.,

Cross potent.

Around, inscription

le-

tween two

circles.

[Rud., PI. 27,

2.]

Tyye
Bust
diademed. tion between two
r.,

xi.

Around,
circles,

inscrip-

Cross crosslet.

Around, inscription be-

divided by

tween two

circles.

bust.
[Cf. PI. III. 1.]

Type

xii.

Bust

diademed. tion between two

r.,

Around,
circles,

inscrip-

Star of six raya pattes.

Around,

in-

divided by
[Cf. PI.

scription between two circles.

bust.

HI.

2.

Type
Bust
diademed. tion between two
r.,

xiii.

Around,
circles,

inscrip-

Cross pattc'e over another cross

patte'o.

divided by

Around,
circles.

inscription

between

two

bust.

[Cf. PI. III. 3.]

Type

xiv.

Bust

diademed. Around, inscription between two circles, divided by

r.,

Cross

Around,
circles.

pattee over cross pomme'e. inscription between two

bust.

[Cf. PI. III. 4.]

Type XV. Bust

tion
bust.
r.,

diademed.

Around,

inscrip-

Cross,

between two

circles, divided

by

two limbs pattc's, two molino. Around, inscription between two

5.J

circles.

[Cf. PI.

HI.

12

WE8SEX.
Obverse.

Reverse.

Type

xvi.

BuH

r.,

diatlrinrd.

Around, inscription

Cross, tico limhs cross crosslet,

tes.

bcttrotn two circles, divided by bust.

two patAround, inscripliun between two

circles.

[INIontagu Coll.]

Type xvii
Bust
sometimes diademed. Around, inscription between two circles, divided by bust.
r.,

Moneyer's name, &c., upon limbs and between angles of cross formed of beaded lines.

[Cf. PI, III. 6.]

Type
Cross pattr'e over another cross pattee.

xviii.

Around,
circles.

inscription

between

two

In centre >^.

Around, inscription be-

tween two
[Cf. PI.

circles.

m.

7.]

Type xix.
Cross
patte'e

over another cross patte'e.

Around, inscription
circles.

between

two

Plain cross, the ends of which touch the inner circle, over cross pommee.

Around,
circles.

inscription

between

two

[Cf. PI. III. 8.]

Type XX.
Cross patte'e over another cross pattee.

Same

as obverse type.

Around, inscription
circles.

between

two

[Cf. PI. III. 9.]

Type xxi.
Cross pattc'e over another cross pattee.
Cross crosalet.

Around, inscription be-

Around,
circles.

inscription

between

two

tween two
III.

circles.

[Cf.

PL

10.]

Type
Cross patte'e over another cross
patte'e.

xxii.

Cross moline.

Around, inscription becircles.

Around,
circles.

inscription

between two
[Cf. PI. III.

tween two

11]

AETHELWULF.
Obversp.

13

Reverse.

Type
Cross pattce over another cross pattee.
I

xxiii.

Cross,

two limbs

Around,
circles.

inscription

between

two
|

Aroimcl,
circles.

pattes, two moline. inscription between iwo

[Cf. PI. III. 12.]

Description of Coins.

No.

14

WESSEX.
Moneycr.

No.

Obvorso.

Hcverae.

12

^EOELVVLF REX.
\'<ir.

t.MANINL
[I'l. II. 1.]

TONETA
Wt.
17-8.

I'dlct

ill

centre

13

^E+)ELVVL-F REX
4<EOEL^VVLF4^ REX
V(ir.

4^0$MVND M0NET7\
Wt.

Osmund.

MO.
Uueallienrd,
Uiiellicard.
20-0.

14

^VVESLHESRD TOETR
Wi.

Pellet in centre.

15

i^ECELVVLF REX
Var. Pellet in centre.

^VVE7\LWE7\RD
Wt. 190.

IG

i<EDELYYLE REX
Var. Pellet in centre.

t.YYELWE7XRD
Wt.
18-G.

17

t-EOELVVLF REX

"I^VVILhEH

MONETS
Wt. 19
1.

Uuilheah.

Type
18

i.

var. a

i'E+)ELVVLF REe>^
Var.

N^D

J-NEREBEYLD MONETA
Var. Pellet in centre

Hereb'ald.

pellet

in centre.

Wt. 191.

19

^E4-)ELVVLF RRX
Var. Pellets in
field.

^NVNBEANT NONET
Wt.
22-6.

Hiinbearht.

20

1ERFLVVLE OE^

I-NVNBETXNT MONET
Wt.
[PI. II. 2.]
20-0.

Type
21

ii.

IE4")ELVVLF

REX

+D17\R

MONETA
Wt. 17o.

Diar.

Far. Pellets in type.

[PI. II. 3.]

Type
22

iii.

>I*E+)ELVVLFE

RE^

Var. Pellet in type.

^NEBEEA M0NET7\ DOR

Wt. 190.

Hebeca

23

Wt.
24

18-5.

Var. Order of letters in anjles of

cms.?
[PI. IT. 4.]

[CNTY]
Wt. 190.

AETHELWULF.
Reverse.

15

Moneyer.

Sertes B.

Without Name op Mint.

Type

iv.

25

J-AEOELVVCF REX

^EANp>ALD MONETA
Wt.
19-G.

Eanwald.

[PI. II. 5.]

Type
26

V.

^E+)ELVVLF RE: X

J-DIAR

lONETA
Wt.
19-4.

Diar.

27

REX
L-F

J-I-EREBEALD

MOhET
Wt. 207.

Herebeald.

28

MVIANNA MONETA
Wt.
19-0.

Manna.

29

L-F

^OJMVMD

MOIN/ET
Wt.
21-2.

Osmund.

30

L-F

^0$MVND MONETA
Wt.
[PI. II. 6.]
20-5.

31

'fTORH->ALD MOhET
Wt.
18-7.

Torhtwald.

Type
32

V. var. a.
I

^SEOELVVLF REX

i^OEEIDENTALlVM
Wt. 200.

Xo

Mone3'cr.

[PI. II. 7.]

33
Var. Pcllot opposite each limb of

Wt

20-2.

smaller cross.

Type
34

vi.

^E+)ELVVLF REX

t.DEIHEVH MONETA
Wt.
23-3.

Deineali.

[PI. II. 8.]

Type
35

vii.

^E-DELVVLF REX

fO^MVND MCNETA
(Hlul<cli.)
!.]

Osmund.

[PI. IT.

10

WE8SEX.

No.

AETHELWULF.
No.

17

18

AETHELWULF.
Reverse.
Muncj'cr.

19

4<AEOELVVLF REX
Var.

^MAN-:

\A\L

MO

ETA
^O'O.

Manna.

Head

iliadt-mcd.

Wt.

^TIRVA LD MO N ETA
Wt.
22-7.

Tiruald.

I-TORHT VLF MO
Var.

Toilitulf.
21-0.

Head diademed.

ETA
Uerniund.

Wt.

iVERMV

ND MO
N

ETA
20-7.

Wt.

Type

xviii.

4-AEOELVVL REX

^BRID TONETS
Wt.
21-4.

Brid.

i^SEOELVVLF REX

^VVILHESH
Var. Tliree pellets around central
letter.

Uuilhoah or
VVilheah.

Wt.
[PI. III. 7.]

20-G.

^f^lLHESH

TOKETS

Var. Tliree pellets around central

letter.

Wt. 180.

Tijpe xix.
. .

EDELVVLF [REX]

J-TT^N [NIN] C
(Fragment.)

JIaniiiuo.

[PI. III. 8.]

Type XX.

^AEOELYYLF REX

-i^DVN

MONETA
Wt.
18-3.

Dun.

[PI. III. 9.]

Type

xxi.

^EOELVVLF REX

^BEffCTVND
Wt. 19
0.

Beaf'niund,

[PI. III. 10.]

)>

>)

i'BEAQT'VND
Wt. 200.

)>

4<BEA[L]T'VVND
(IJrokon.)

20

WEflSEX.

Monpycr.

80

EOELVVLF REX

^VVELMhEARP

Uuulmhoard.

\Vt. 19-7.

Type
87

xxii.
I

4SE)ELYYLF REX

-J-OVN

TONETA
AVt. i:)0.

Dun.

[PI. III. 11.]

88

fSEDELYYLF REX

^DYYN TONETff
Wt.
19-2.

Type
89

xxiii.

I<EOELYYLF REX

^EOELHERE
(Chiiii>od.)

ElSelherc.

rri. III. 12.]

90

^YYELHI-ESRD
Wt.
18-2.

ITuclhcard

i>r

Uueliiiliciird.

AETHELBALD.

21

AETHELBALD.
Succ. IN Wessex, a.d. 85G; in Kent, a.d. 858; died a.d. 860 or 8C1.
3Io7ieyers.

Beahmund.

Tarhtulf.

Description of Coins.

No.

i2

WKH8EX.

AETIIELBEARHT.
Rice. IN Kent, fee* a.d. R^>H; in \Ve8hkx a.d. 801
Moneij<ri<.
yT]1*icl-, nf-e
;

mkk

a.d. H(JG.

KTiel-.

II(;uJKarlit [

= IIercbtarlit ?].

ISaill'IDIIIIll

Hen'l.fald.

UiiiltiioTi.

HcTofn;?.

lUiilinniml. Iliiirniniid [or Uiarmio?>]. IManuiiiK;.

]{iirim.il<l.

Ucainmind or

RKtard. H< rcinund.

Ill

Iluubearht.

Hunred.
Lialjincpf.

Ciiil.iinl

[Cealheard?].

C( nrcd.

Ccuuoald.
CuncfroTi [cf. Cynfrc^]. Dialla. Degliearht. Oe-laf. DtuciiHiud.
l)iarniod.

Luecman or Lyccman ManiDC [Manninc].

NoTulf.
Osbearlit.

OsluTC.
Sct'relS

or Sclfrod.

SekTcd[ = Selfred?].
Sii^clirrc.

Eailulf.

Turlitimind. Torhtulf.

Kaldred. Eicl^'oard
Et^elhcre. E?clui)>. E?olr.iI.

Uerniunii?

Uilitmund [Uiolitmund].
rinu?> [Uiliio5?]. Ulaiiccard.
Uulfl.ear.l.

E?elu.ald.

Uunhf-arlit or L'ynbcarht

[cf.

Ebdulf.

Himboarht].
Wilno't) [

E?ered [= ESelred?].

= lino^'''].

Descriftion of Types.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Typp.

i.

Bust

r.,

liair

scrijition

unbound. Around, betwceu two circles,

indi-

vided by bust.

Moneyer's name, &c., upon limbs and between angles of cross formed of beaded lines.

[Cf. PI. IV. ].]

(Similar to Aethelwulf, Type xvii.)

Type

ii.

Bust

diademed. tion between two

r..

inscripcircles, dividetl by

Around,

Floriated cross with leaf in each anfjle.

Around, inscription
circles.

between

two

bust.

[Cf. ri. IV. 2.]

lu Kent, Es*ex, Surrey

aud

Su:>6ex.

AETIIELBEARHT.

23

Description of Coins.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Moneytr.

Type

i.

I<AE)ELBE7\RF

REX

I^BA

DEM
>
Wt.
20-2.

BadLiiuiiiil.

i<B7^DEN

OO MO
N

BadeiiolS.

E-T--AWt.
18-2.

I-BEACM VND

MO NETA
Wt.
18-8.

Bcaj^niiiiKl or liciiiimuiul.

I^BEAHT VND
I^BEAHM VND
-I-BIARNVI

TO

ETS
22-8.
l'J-7.

Wt.

MO NETA
Wt.
Biiirmno<l.

OD MO:
N E :-TA
Wt. 208.

i-BmRNV

INE

MO NETA
Wt.
18-4.

Binrnuino.

4<BVRNV ALD
Dot
in
cro!S8.

MO
euc'h

ETA
of

Btiiuuald.

anisic

(Cliippud.)

^EEALE ARD MO
I-EENR ED
t'EENVE

ETA
20-t).

Cealeard.

Wt.
10

MO

ETA
Wt.
20-0.

Ccnicd.

11

ALD TO

ETA
281t.
18-0.

Cfuucald.

Wt.
12

J-EVNEFR ED

MO NETA
Wl.

CllIlc|lo^.

13

^EVNEFR ED MO
4^DEAL:
L?f

NETA
Wt. 2 10.
Dcalla.

It

MO NETA
Wt. VJG.

15

fOECBEA

RR-

MO

ETA

Dogbcarlit.

Wt. 21G.

24

AETHELBEARHT.
No.

25

26

W'KSHKX.

Nu.

AETHELUEI)

I.

27

AETHEIiRED
Moneyers.

I.

Slcc. in Wessex, a.d. 863; in Kent, a.d. SOU; uieu a.d. 871.

Miel-,

see

E?d-.

Buorneah or Biarncah [Boornhae]. Beornhae [cf. Beuriieah]. Biaromod.

Burg^no^.

Ella. E?elrerl.

Heahiiiod.

Cu^belm.
Dealla.

Herebeald. Hereulf. Hussa.

Liabiiic[g].
l.ulla.

Deneuald.
Diarulf.

Diga. Diidda, Dudd.

Maiin. IMaimiuc. Oshere.

Dunn.
Elbcre.

Toilitmund.
Uuiiie.

Description of Types.

Obverse.

Type

i.

Bust

diademed. tion between two

r.,

Around, inscripcircles,

divided

l>y

Moneyer's name, &c., in tliroc lines upper and lower poracross field
;

bust.

tions enclosed in lunettes.

[Cf. PI. IV. 3.]

Type
Same.

i.

Similar:

lines icith

inscription diiidtd by curved ends.

tico

Type

ii.

Bust

diademed. tion between two

r.,

Around, inscripcircles, divided by

Moneyer's name,
lines
;

in four lines S:c., acroos field, divided by three straiglit

bust.

the upper and with curved ends.

[Cf. ri. IV. 4
]

lower

ones

Type

iii.

Facade of

Cliristiau temple. inscription.*

Around,

Cross crosslet,

Around,
circles.

pellet in each angle. inscription between two

[Cf.

n.
iii.

IV. 5.]
var. a.

Type

Fa9ade of Christian temple,

&c.,

same

Cross pattee.

as the preceding but of rude work.

Around,
circles.

pelkt iu each angle. between two inscription

[Cf. ri. IV. 6.]

Comp. " Xristiano Rcligio "

is

coins

coins of Charlemagne, Louis the Ptous, &c. piuliably that of St. T'eter's at Rouio.

The

facade on Ihcsc

J8

WEHHEX.

Dehobiitiom ok COINH.

No.

Moncycr.

Seuiich a.

With Bcst.
i.

Type

HMO
i<AE+)ELRED
RE-i^

BIARNEA NETA
Var.

Biarneah.

Wt.

I'y5.

REX

HMO
Wt. 20-8.
liiariunfxJ.

^EOELRED

DMO
R

EX

BIARNVIO

NETA

Wt.

I'J 5.

i7^EOELRED

REX

DMO
BIARNMO NETA
Wt. 190.

Var.

DMO

Wt. 200.

OD MO
BIARNM
NETA
D MON BIARNVIO
ETA-.Wt.
19-4.

^^EOELRED R EX

HhT^EDELRED REX

^TXEOELRED M REX

10

AOELERED REX
4AE)ELRED REX

11

AETHELRED
No.

I.

29

M)

WE88BX.
WowytT.

No.

Obvrrae.

Rovcre.

MON
^n

+AE+)ELRED REX

EOELRED
ETA
\Vi. 17-7.

20

V,ir.

MON

Wt. 20-3.

D
27

MO
Wt
10-8.

EDELRE
NETA

LD MO
28

l-EREBEA

HercbcuM.
VVt.

NETA

180.

MON
29

HEREVLF ETA

Herenlf.
AVt. 18-5.

MON
30

LIABINL

Liabinc.

ETA
M-^N. LVLLA:

Wt.

18-3.

31

^AEOELRED

LuUa.
Wt. 180.

ETA-

32

i<AEOELRED REX

MON MANN
ETA
Wt.
10-7.

Mann.

33

MON. MSNN
ETSWt.
19-7.

[PI. IV. 3.]

3i

Var.

MON
MON
ETA
.

Wt. 180.
35
Var.
.

Wt,
36
Tor. :
:

18-7.
:

MON
ETA

Wt. ITS.

MON
37

MANNING ETA

Maniiinc.

Wt.

18-4.

AETIIELUEL)

I.

31

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Miiiipvcr.

38

'i'T^EOELRED

REX

MANINC ETA
Var.

MON

Wt.

20-5.

39

MANINC
Wt.
20-2.

40

MON 05HERE
ETA
ND
Wt.
lG-7.

Oshore.

MO
Torlitimuid.

41

TORFTMV
NET A
Wt.
17-2.

42

ND M TORHTMV ONETA
.-.MON.

Wt.

18-5.

43

VVlNEi
-.-ETA-.-

Fniiic.

Wt.

19-8.

Type
44

ii.

^AEOELRE D REX

MMONE
TA

CVDHEL
Wt. 200.

Cu?.helm.

[PI. IV. 4.]

45

t'AEDELRED REX

TORHTM

Toilitnnind

VKDMON
ET
Wt. 180.

Series B.

Withoit Bust.
iii.

Type
46

* Ilcalinind.
21-5.

/EDELRE-D REX
[I'l.

XHEAHmOD MT
Wt.

IV. 5.]

Type
47

iii.

for. a.

^E-)EL:R-ED- RE
[PI.

+BE0RNHAE
Wt.
21
-G.

Beoruhae.

IV.

0.]

See Vol.

I.

i>. !).

32

WEH8EX,

AELFRED.
Sicc.
A.I).

S7l

HIED

A.n. 'jOl.

Mmieycrs.

AImdcI.
AdiK'iird [Kailuciinl V]. yKllHtim or Kirstiin (London).

Dunnine
Ktullifhn.

or

Dunine (Cantirbury).

Eadslan.
I'.aduald,

yKlfwald or Klfuald.
^Criliif [or il':iliilf ?] (Roieeng). i'ET'cdntiiu or E?c'lstiin (( aiit( rlmry). iE^crrd or Kl'cred (('iintcrburv;. i5'>cl-, *r nlno Ki"rl-. Aluuiidii ? [AluiiiiM or Luda ?]

Kadui

aid, kc. (CaiiUrbury).

Kad\ieard [i-f. AdueardJ. Kaduulf. Eaetati [= Eadstan]. Ealduulf.

Eebcrlit. Eeiiulf or Ecwulf. Edeulf [or Edwulf ?] (Canterbury). Eilelstan [ = E<5el8tuu]. Elhi-n.

A7(diilf

[= yErdulf].

IJi'agntan.

Bi'orniiuuT or Bourniiicr.

Bfornrcd or lifrnnd (Cauterlmnj). Bercluild or Bcrntald [cf. Ikrnuald,

&c.].

Elda. Elfstan (Canterbury).

Elf-, ste also yElf-. Eli (Batli).

BerhtiTC. Beriuald, Bcrnald, Birnuald, HiiirnUiild, Birnuald, BurnualdorByrnuald, &r. (Canterbury, Oxford). Biare?; [< r Biarnrtd ?j (Canterbury f ).
Jiiarnuulj.

Erieuuald.

E'

elhetih.

E? el mod.
E^elmund, E^dred.
El'eluine (Canterbury).
E?.elulf.

Biarnrcd, Biornrcd (Canterbury). Birnri'd [ = Birnrcd for Biarnrod, &c.]. Birued, (=< Birnrod.

Boga.
Bosa.
Bri'fard.

E?el-, see also iE?el-.

ESered, Ferlun ?
[for

see

^6ered.

Brnnod

Biarnrcd?] (Canterbury;.

Fiih-ard.

Buga [= Boga?].
BurijTui'fi.

Franhuld.
Gni-uinc
?

Bumhere

Bumelm
Cenred.

or Byrnhcre. or Byrnclni.

Gelda. GWh-Z/

= Ciolwulf].
= Bereliald
or Btrehold].

Goda.

Cerman ? (Canterbury).
Cialniod or Ciolmod [CiolnoT) Ciahilf or Cioluulf. Circsriin or Hoirsirie? CudU'rlit and Cu berbt. Cuneulf or Cyneulf.
?].

Gu

liere.
[

IlaMbert-

Ileainilf (London)-

Hi-beea ? >leliean?
Hertliald.

Cui iiulf. Dealine or Dealing.

Dealla, Dela, \e.

Drigniund.
l)iarald or Diaruald.
Ditirhchtt.

Hirelxrt or Heribert (Lincoln). Hereferd or HereferT* (Canterbury). Hereniod.

Heremund.
Hireuulf.
Hunl>erlit..

Diarniund. Diaruald (Canterbury).

Jfwld.
])>i(ii'icine.

Dudig.
Duiiie for Duiiinc, Dunna or Dunn.

lluutreS (Canterbury). Ida ? ludclbard. Eiabinr.

LiiijKuld. Ludii or Lnde ILyde'].

AELFEED.
Ludeca
Lulla. Luiihig.
or Liidig.

33

Simun.
Stcfanus. Tata. Tidbald. Tilcfcin [Tileuinc?].

Manninc. Moclf?

Nebeca [Hebeca].
Osgeard. Oshcre.
Osric.

Tilouuine (London). Tikuoif [Tilouuine ?]. Tiruald or Tirueald (Canterbury).

Torlitiiiund.

Osuulf.
Reginrjfed [Iifging,vr'\.

Uigbald or Uuigbald.
Uuinc. Uuiniger, Uuinicr, &c.
Uulfard.

Resaud ? (Canterbury).
Sseris
?

Samson.
Sefre. Sigcstef, Siestcf, &c.

Uuynberht

Uulfrcd or Uulfre^. or Wynbcrht. Wiard.

Sigeuuald.

Description of Types.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Type
Bust

i.

Around, inscription between two circles, divided by

r
,

diadonicd.

Moncyer's name, &c., in three lines, across field upper and lower por;

bust.

tions enclosed in lunettes.

[Cf. PI. VI.

1-2.]

Type
Same.

i.

var. a.

Similar
I

lunettes broken in centre of

curve.

[Cf. PI. VI. H.]

Type

i.

rar.

h.

Same

Similar: lunettes broken at

I

tlio

angles.

[Cf. PI. vr, 4.]

Type

i.

rar.

c.

Same.

Similar: inscription divided lines with curved cnd.s.

[Cf. PI. vr.
).]

l>y

two

Typr Bust
r.,

ii.

iliaileiiied.
\>\

Around, inserip-

]M(ineyer's

tiun,

divided

bust; inner circle.

name, itc, within and witliout leaves of quatri'roil over whicli, cross paltce with circle in centre and wedges in angles.
;

[Cf, PI.

VI. 0.]

WKHSKX.

Revene.

Type
Inrn'])tvm nrruvynl to fnrm n rroRn; in i(irh iinijle of rrfi^n, a rnitipnrt-

iii.

Opin

f/untrff(>il

ornnmml

trifh rpinlre;

fiiil ill raiilrc. ;

h:nvin (xijiiih) in ruKpn

vnnt
ill
It

cimtdiiiinij

ti

trr/iril *]{ppcif,

ri litre,

H'liuire

and oimpartmriit cm-

moiicyrr's mime, Ac, in cumpartmetd*

iif

qu'itre/oil.

tin iiuj circle.

[Num. Climn
Type
riii4
tiiin
r.,

vol. v.

|).

14.]

iv.

<1i(i(hmed.

Around,
circles,

iiiscni ip-

hitirccn

two

hy di tided ini

l,H^t.

Tico rude figures (lifinan Emperrrrf.') facimi ; gh})e hitween them; ahtire, rude hiigt with icings (angel). Around,
inscription.

[Montftgu Coll.]

Type V

Bust

Around, inscrip(liadcmod. tion, divided by bust.

r.,

Cross pattec within lozenge, from each angle of which issues a beaded straight line extending to edge of coin and dividing moneyer's name, lie. crossbar at each angle of
;

lozenge.
[Cf. PI. VI. 7.]

Type
Sanio.

V. rar. a.

Similar
I I

no

crossbar

at

angles

of

lozenge.

[Cf. PI. VI.

8]
h.

Type
Same.

V.

rar.

Similar limb of cross moline T* at each side of lozenge.

:

[Cf. PI. VI.

a]
I.

* Coins
ri. la

(soliili)

of this typo were

spr.iineii in

first

stnick hy Vnleniinian

a.d. 364-375 (sec Vol. I. p. 2,

.iiiii -">.

The

Mr. Moiitaini's collection

is uiiii|ue.

AELFRED.
Obverse.

35

Reverse.

Type
Bust
r.,

vi.

diademed.

Around, inscrip-

Name

tion.*

of mint in monngrnni fVvpv (Londonia) ornaments in r^slj/

:

field.

[Cf. PI. V. 2-6.]

Type

vii.

Very rudo bust name,

r.

Around, moncyer's

Name

of mint in monogram iVvrv (Londonia) ornaments in r^\lil

:

field.

[Cf.

n.

V. 7.]

Type

viii.

Rude

diademed. moneyer's name.

r.,

bust

Around,

Name

of mint in monogram (LincoUa) ornaments in (Lin

:

M^sT

field field.

[Cf. PI. IV.

14.]

Type
Bust
r.,

ix.

diademed.

Around, inscrip-

Name

tion.

of mint in monogram |Vvr\ (Londonia) between money- \y\j}) er's name, &c., in two lines across field ornaments in field.
:

[Cf. PI. V. 8.]

Type
Small
cross
pntt^e.

X.

Around, inscrip-

Name

tion in four divisions.

of mint in monogram {Londonia) between moneyer's name, Ac, iti ttrn lines across field : small cross paUe
before arid after

monogram.

[Num. Chron.,

1870, PI.

iv.

8]

Type
Small cross pattee.
tion
in
circles.

xi.

Around, inscripfour divisions between two

Name

of moneyer in monogram Par between name of mint (I, in- " B EcoUa) in two lines across Held.

[Cf. PI. V. 1.]

A Penny of

It is described in the Sale Catalogue, IH66,

this type, of barbarous fabric, with bust to left, No. 189.

was

in tlie

Murchison

Collectii'n.

D 2

.'u;

WE8HEX.
Reverse.

Olvere.

'J'ljlii'

xii-

\\un\

Artniml, in-nriji

Namn

of

mint in monosrrain

^t^
niiiiK-,

(lioisong ?) Ixdwcen nionfjtT'H &c., in two lines acroaa field.

[Cf.

n.

V. 12]
xiii.

Type
Around, namoa Small cross pattc'o. of kina and mint (Dorolicrnia) boween two circles.
1
i

In centre

yj^.

Around, name of
circles.

St.

Eadmund between two

[Cf. ri. IV. 8.]

Type
Similar:

xiii. rar. a.

name

of kin^ only.

Same.
I

[Cf. ri. VI. 10.]

Type
Small cross patte'e. tion between two

xiv.

Aroimd, inscripcircles,

generally
I

IMoneycr's name, &c., in across field ornaments,

:

two

lines

in three or four divisions.

[Cf. PI. VI.

11-1.^).]

Tyjic XV.

Small cross

patte'e.

Around,

inscrip-

tion in three divisions

and between

IMoneyer's name, &c., in two lines across field, divided by three crosses
patte'cs.

two

circles.

[Cf. PI. VI. lG-17.]

Type

xvi.

Small cross patte'e. tion between two

Around, inscripcircles.

V
N

T
cross*:

at extremities

of even-limlx>d

REX

in .ingles

[Cf.

PL
Type

VI.

18]

xvii.

Small cross patte'e. Around, names of king and mint (Dorobemia) between two circles.
[Cf.
PI.

Moneyer's name.
across field
:

See.,

in

two

lines

ornament-.

IV. !-ll.]

TyiK

xviii.

Names
in

of king and mint (Orsnaforda) oinathree lines across iiehl

:

IMoneyer's name, Arc, in two linos across fielil, divided by three crosses
patte'os
:

mints.

ornaments.

[Cf. PI. V. 9-10.]

AELFRED.

37

Obverse.

Reverse.

Tyjie xix.

Names
in

of king

ami mint (OrsnaforJa)

across
field
:

Monoyer's

throe ments.

lint-a

orna-

name, &c., in two linea aeross licld, divided by long cross on two steps, sideways pellets in angles of cross oruameuts.*
;

[Cf. PI. V. 11.]

Type XX. Bust

r.,

diademed.

Around, inscrip

tion.

"P limbs extended by beaded lines to edge of coin dividing name of mint,
&c. ((.Ucawaceaster).

[Cf. PI. IV.

13.]

Tyjie xxi.

Name

of king, &c., in four lines across

field.
I

First three letters of mint (Exanccaster and Winccaster) in pale ornaments.

:

[Cf. PI. IV.

12 and V. 13.]

Tyi^e xxii.

Name

of king, &c., in four lines across

Name

field.
I

of moneyer, &c., in two lines across field in field, pellets.

:

[a.

PI.

V. 14-15.]

Ty2)e xxiii

Small
tion

cross patte'o.

Around, inscrip
circles

between two

and

fre

Moneyer's name and mint (Ba'^an) in two lines across field ornaincnts.
:

quently in three divisions.

[Cf. PI. IV. 7.]

no

steps,

* In the Cuerdale find was a Halfpenny of this type. It is a debased imitation, the cross having and the legends being blundered. It is figured in the -Yum. Cliron. vol. v. p. li'2.

WEHHKX.
Dewchiition ov Coins.

No.

Obvorito.

AELFRED.

39

No.

40
No.

WESSKX.

AELFRED.
No.

41

42
No.

WESaEX.

AfiLFREt).

43

Ne.

44
No.

WE8HEX.

AELFRED.
No.

45

10

WESHEX.

Nil.

;; ;;

AELPRED.
Kcversf

Moneyer.

LONDONIA.
[Londuu.]

Type
84

vi.

>CrhRD REX

[V- (N

(LONDONIA).
relkts
above,

No Moneyer.
O;

b^Viy

in

below,

Wt. 230.
[ri. V. 2.]

85

Wt. 250.
8G

/elfre::: D

rex

Pellets

in

ftbove and on left, pyramid of dots

below, cross patte'e.

Wt.
87

23-4.

/ELFR

ED REX

Pellets in above, cross patte'c below, pyramid of dots on left, -

; ;

Wt.
88

23-8.

Wt.
89

25-5.

/ELFR ED REX

Pellets in above, cross pattec below, pyramid of dots.

;

Wt.
90

23-5.

"^

I)

>>

)>

Wt. 240.
91

/E

Pellets
ttic
;

in

O
...

alx)vc, cross pat-

below,

on

left,

Wt. 243.
92

One

pellet only in alA)ve, cross

;

pattoe

below, ! Wt. 250.

[PI. V. 3.]

48
No.

W ESSEX.

AELFRED.

49

Obverse.

Reverse.

Moneycr.

Fragments.

/EL..

D REX

(LONDON
seen.

A) partly

No Moneycr.

/ELFR

Pellets in alx)ve, cross patte'e.

;

ELFR... EX

Below, cross

patte'e.

ELFR E

Pellets in O; below,

ED

RE-i*
[PI. V.
;-).]

No ornaments
field.

in

ELFR

Crossline of

runs

upwards

pellets

in below, cross patte'e.

;

..

FR

Halfpennies.

/ELFRED RE

m
[PI. V. G.]

(LONDONIA).
Pellets in above, cross patte'e
;

No

jMoneycr.

below,
!

.-.;

on

left

Wt.

8-0.

LF

IE

No

pellets in
:

on

left,

Wt. 107.

Type

vii.

"EROT

BOLT
\y\^
I

(LONDONIA).
Above
nn<l below, Wt. 22-2.
'.

Uncertain.

(Parbarou.^.)
[PI.

7.1

50

WK8HEX.
Moneycr.

Kcvcree.

TiJi,r' ix.

Ill

/ELFR:-

!-

ED RE

AELF-i-

/Elfstftn.

^TAN
\Vt. 22().

[PI.

V. 8.]

|-AE^
115

Vur.

Aljove

/ELFR-t-

4^ED REX

IV)[^ J. [yS^y

monogram.
cross puttue.
\Vt.

Heauulf.

VVLF424
0.

TILEVINE
IIG

4-7\ELF

RED REX

Tilouino.

M0NETA
Wt.
28-2.

Jl....
117

/ELF...

EX
(Fragment.)

Uncertain.

ORSNAFORDA.
[Oxford.]

Type

xviii.

lis

4-RSN7\

BERIV

Boriuald

/ELFRED
F^o:RDA
[PI.

(Bcmuald

?).

ALDIO
Wt.
Y.
9.']'

22-0.

ll'.t

9-RSHA

BERIV
J<

ELFRED'I'
F-4-RDA

ALDM^.
Wt.
22-5.

4^

120

o:RSNA

BERII7X
i" "^ "^
(

Bemald

/EFRED>^
F^b;RBA

= Bemuald).

TtLDMO
Wt. lS-3

AELFRED.
No.

51

52

WESSEX.

<i|)vore.

131

l.li

133

134

135

136

137

138

13!)

140

AELFKED.

53

Obverse.

ilouej-er.

9-RcoHA

BERIIV
I*

ELFRED.I<
F-9-RDI

Hh

^
Wt.
20-7.

ALDIIO

OVSII7S

BERHV

ELFRID"^
F-6)RD7^

ALDUO
Wt.
22-5.

:b::RSHA

BERIIV
J* !<

ELFREDi F:RDI

ALDIIO
Wt.
20-4.

ORSNA ELFRED
FOR DA

BERIIV
i*

ALEDI

^ i*
Wt.
22-1.

*RCV)HA

BERIV
4
.J.

ELFRED^
F-9-RDI

ALEDIO
Wt.
22-0.

ORSNA ELFRED
FOR DA
6-RSl/IA

BERIIV

ALRDIIO
Wt.
20-0.

^^^

BERIIV
^ 4^ 4^

ELFRED^
F-RDI

ALRIIO
Wt.
20-9.

Blvndeuki) Pennies.

iwmi

BERNV
4^

Bernuald.

amd33
FiaiA

ALDNO
Wt.
21-2.

^^

OHiilA

BI3FIIV

a3ydi3D

hORDA

ALDMO
Wt.
21-8.

i* t'

o-ABIIA

XEFFRED
FiZcollV

Ji

vrano
Wt. 207.

^ 4^

54
No.

WESSEX.

AELFRED.

55

Obverse.

Reverse.

Moneyer.

PINCEASTER.
[Wincliester.]

Type xxi.
156

4*;kel

No Moneyer.
Wt.
24-6.

FREDR EX SAX

OMVM

[PL V.

13.]

157

^AEL
[F]RED R

[EX]SAX
(Fragment.)

Series B. Without

Name

of Mint.

158

159

56

WKSflEX,

N...

IlcvcrHC.

Type

i.

MJ^N

IGO

I-aelbred:-:

rex

l-BO

SA

ETA-

IGI

REX

1G2

i^AELBRED RE

16:5

REX

lOi

^AELFRED: REX

165

i<AELBRED: REX

166

167

ty

168

^ELFRED REX

169

i^AEBBRED REX

AELFRED.

57

No.

58

WESSEX.
Moncyer.

No.

Obverso.

Revenc.

MON
178

AELBRED

RE^*

4-DVINC

Duinc
(Duniuc?).

ETA
[I'l.

Wt. 15
VI.
o.]

5.

T///)e

ii.

i7y

[Hh?^ELFRJED

REX

[EO ERJ E
[PI. VI. 6.]

D M

[O

Eered?

NET|A
(Fragment.)

Tyjye v.

ISO

}<7\---ELFRED

REX
I
I
I

4<DI

AR MV ND
Var.

Diarmund.
of bead-

Ends

dl line
[PI. VI. 7.]

floriated. Wt. 10-3.

181

^/ELFRE D REX

DVI/1

\A7\

-.-

MOH ETA
(Broken.^

Dunna.

Var. Opiiosite each side of lozenge, .-.

182

D REX-:- S7\X

EOLE M

ETA
small cross.

E^elmod.

Var. Oj)posite one side of lozenge,

(Fragment.)

183

+7XELFRED REX SAX

(Legend undivided.)

LVL

LA-.-

MON ETA
Wt.
22-2.

Lulls.

184

ELFRE D REX

^OT RH TM
Var.

ViSD
lo-

Torhtmund.

Dot opposite

each side of
zenge.

Wt.
185
.

17-0.

ED REX $AX
(Legend undivided.)

LF

MON ET

Uncertain.

Var. Cross opposite each side of lozenge.

(Fragment.)
186

D R

LVV
(Fragment.)

Uncertain.

AELFRED.
No.

59

60

we8sp:x.

No.

AELFRED.
No.

61

62

W ESSEX.
Obverse.

No.
'217

RcvcrM.

-hr-L

FH ED RE

BVGn

MON
Wt.
218
Var. Oriia24-4.

mintn,

'.

'.-

Wt. 240.
21'>

Wt. 24
220
4^

0.

EL FRED RE
Wt. 260.

221

I-EL FR ED RE

BHNH
ERE
Wt. 24
4.

222

BVRN

EREA
Wt.
223
20-5.

AEL FRE DREX

BVRN
ELM-tWt.
2H-5.

224

7\EL

.,

BVRH
ELM4<
Wt. 240.

225

TlfEL

FRE DREX-:
[PI.

V(tr.

OinaWt.
24-4.

ment.-',

VI. 11.]

22(;

Z(EL

FRE DREX

BVRN

EL FR ED REX

228

+/EL FR ED RE

AELFKED.
No.

63

64

AELFRED.
No.

65

m
No

WEHSEX.

AELFRED.

(J7

No.

08

NVKSSEX.

No.

AELFRED.

60

No.

7U
No.

WRRHKX.
ReverM.

Obrenw.

Moncyer

811

+EL FR ED RE

EOELV

HEM*
Wt.
21-2.

'Mb

HhAE LFR

ED RE

EOELV

Ei-lalf.

LFM*
Wt.
21-3.

SIG

4<EL FR

ED RE

Var. OriiainoutH,

Wt
817

22-7.

Wt.

21-5.

81

4EL ER ED REX
Wt. 220.

319

4AE LFR EDR E

EDERE
DlM)<l/l
\Vt. 22-5.

E^ered.

320

^EL

FR ED RE

EOER

EDM*
Wt. 23
4.

821

>>

>>

>

EOERE

DM + N
AVt. 23-7.

322

iREFDiiRHAED RE'

EBRVE

EBM*
Wt.
20-5.

323

^EL

FR ED RE

FER
LVN
AVt.

Ferlun

200.

AELFRED.
No.

71

Obverse.

321

^EL

FR ED RE

325

,.

32G

.,

327

^[EL FR]

328

320

EL XH RE ED

330

4^EL FR

ED RE

331

^EL

FR ED RE

332

fEL

FR ED RE

333

3;ii

3f\Q3

f\3

J3J{

WESSRX.

N...

()l)vcriic.

HS/i

XEL

FR ED RE

!t3);

Hh

..

837

338

^ELX,.

339

><EL

310

341

4<ELF

RED

RE-:-

312

><EL FR

ED RE

343

iEL

FR ED RE

314

^E LF RE DRE

315

l-AID ID

D RE

31G

I-EL

ED ED RE

AELFRED.
No.

73

71

WE88EX.
Monoyer.

Ni..

Obverse.

RcVCfHC.

X)'.)

EL FR ED REX

LVDIC
Wt. 24

0.

MO

LVDIC

MON
\Vt.
;jGi

180.
Lulla.

ELFRED REX

LVLLA

MOMET
30li

Wt. 20

7.

J<EL ER

ED RE

AA0EL
IHOINr
Wt. 12
8.

Moelf?

M:i

^'EL FR ED RE

Uncertain.

R7\V
Wt.
20-8.

3G1

05VV

Osuulf.

LFMO
Wt.
365
23-2.

EL FR ED RE

05VVL

FMOM
AVt. 23- 1. 30(3
,, ,,

REX

o$vv

FMON
Wt. 230.
3G7
JhEL

FR ED RE

OiVVL

FMOUE
Wt.
3G8
23-9.

S/ERIS
IHIVI

Saaris?

Wt.
3G'J

20-2.

EL FR ED REX

ZILE

Sigcuuald.

VVSLD
Wt. 370

22-5.

SI

M VN
Wt. 20
0.

Simun.

MEFEt[I'l.

VI

13.1

AELFRED.
No.
Moncyer.

75

Reverse.

371

EL FR ED RE

ztf:-

Stefuuus.

AMVS
Wt.
372
19-4.
Til. uoie

^EL

FR ED RE

tile:-

(Tileuuine

?).

VOIE
Wt.
373
19-3.

TILE

Tileuuiiic.

vvine;Wt. 21
374
0.

TILE

VVNE
Wt. 23
375
->.

TILE

VVNE
Wt.
370
25-0.

ELFRE DR EX
Wt. IOC.

377

EL ER ED REX

TILE-.-

37S

I-EL FR ED RE

379
Var.

Four

pellets

aiouud

cross.

380

381

AELFRED RE

382

"t-EL

FR ED REX

76
Olivcrsc.

WESSKX.

No.

883

4.EL FR ED RE

asi

..

:{85

4*

3SG

+EL ER

E[D]

RE

387

+EL FR ED RE

388

389

3U0

>>

>i

>>

301

EL FR ED RE

392

393

4-ELFRED RE

AELFRED.

No.

78
No.

WE88EX.
ObvcMc.
Rcvcnie.
Moni-yer.

400

Hh/EL FR

ED RE

VVLF
RED^J*
Wt. 230.

J07

/EL .-.FRE

DRE

VVLF
RED-.Wt. 23
7.

408

/EL FRE DRE

VVLF

RED
Wt. 24 409
0.

/EL FRE-.-

DRE

Var. Oinamcnts,

Wt. 23
410

6.

I-AE LFR EDR E

VVLF

REDM
Wt.
23-2.

411

J^/EL FR

ED RE

^JVV
Wt.
22-8.

412

iREIH^m

EXI

VVLF
RIEDI

413

iEL

FR ED RE

414

^EL

FR

EDRE

415

i'EL

FR ED RE

416

I-/EL F

REDRE

AELFRED.
So.

80
Obrewe.

WERBKX.
Moncycr.

No.

Rcvcnto.

Fhagmenth

oil

IlAI.I-ri:NNIE8.

428

L FR ED.

VRNV

Byrnuald

MX
429

^'EL
[PI. VI.

Cudberht?

ERHT
14]

430

FR ED

RHT
DVDIG
-^
!

431

4-.

ED RE
D RE

Dudig.

432 433

COD
j

God a.
Uulfred
?

T^EL

..

..

REX

VVLF

Halfpennies.
434

4-EL

RF

DRE

\AR\B

Bimuald
Wt. 100.

"IQM-f
[PI. VI.
15.]

435

^/ELFR ED HE

EVDB

Cudberht.

ERHT
Wt.
43G
9-5.

ELF FD REX

laVD

Tiaa
Wt.
437
7-4.

^ELFBDENAba
(Inscription reatlinj: ritrlit to kit, from luluw.)

DRVI
ADII-f

Unrortaiu.

Wt. 9

0.

438

^/ELFRFDEE

EADV
VT^LD

Eailuuald.

Wt

7-7.

AELFRED.
No.

81

82
No.

WESSEX.

EADWEARD THE ELDER.

SCCC. AD. 901
;

DIED

A.D. 925.

Moneyers.

Abba.
AdalberJit.

Eaduuald.
Ealbstan. Eardwulf.
?

Adualcl.

iE^elfred

Eared [Eadred ?].

Earnicidf.

^iehed.
JE^elstan, Eielstan, &c. JSScluuine. ^^eluulf, AiehiJf, &c. ^8el-, see also ESel-.

Ear ward.
EaiL-idf.

Eclaf or Ellaf? Edelgar.

.^Sered [iEelred ?].

Agnes.

Eicmimd, Eignmnd. Eofrmund.

Et'ile.

Alhstan or Ealbstan.
Aulf.

E^elwulf
Faniien.

[see

iEcluulf],

Badda.
Beahstan.

Framuuis. FrioUdf.
?].

Beamed [= Bcornred
Beornere.

Fri^. Fri^eberbt, FriMberhf, &c.

Beomfert. Beornred or Biornred. Beornuuald, Bermiuald, or Biuinuuald,

&c. Beornuidf. Berlitred.

Gaeald ? Gareard.
Garulf.

Grimwald.
Gundherlit.

Gunne.
Gtinter.

Berngar. Biorhald [Biornald? = Bt'orniaudd?'}. Biornard, Byrnard, &c. [= Beornrod ?].

Hadebald or Ha^ebahl.
Heardber.
Herebald.

Biornhelm [= Byrnelin]. Boiga, Boga, &c. Brece or Brege.

Briht {London).

Heremfretia H( rcmod.

He^ul?
IIIt nfred. Hunlaf.
Igereii.

BryMwald.

Buga

[cf.
?

Boiga].
or

Burden

Bumelm
Cenhriht.
Ciolulf.

Byrnelm.

lofermimd.
Irfara.

Clip.

lua. Landc-B

Cudberbt.
Cutfer^
?

Lanfcr.
Lioflielm.

Crjnestan.

Magiiard.

Deora, Diora {^Deoramod ?] Dcorniod, Deoramod. Deornrtd [ = Beornred?]. Deoruuald.

Mann.
Marbert. Odn. Onlulf.
Oslac.

Dryhtwald Dudig.

= Bryhtwald?'].
?

Osulf.
7Vj.>i/or.

Durlac, see purhtc.

Eadered or Eadfrcd
Eadhelm. Eadmuiul.

ritit.

Rrogenulf. liiunard, liinard,

Sec.

84
Itiornhed
?

WE88EX.
[or

Riomred f].

Utwfred [Uun/rcdy}.
Uil/rf'd
>

Hiplirnnd.
Sip-t.
iSim/[rt/<Z ?].

Uuilhif\_UyUa'].
Uulf-^'iir.

Stear.
Tilii [or Tisa"], see Etilc.

Turhthdm. Twin.
lUf.

Uulfli.jard [Uulfanl]. IJulfrcd. Unl/nlge. Uvid)crht or Wynbcrbt. \Valt<rc.

Wan'mcr [= Uuarmcr].
Wujhard.
(
11

Uiiak'inan

alhnan).

^\' ill'

gear.

Uuarmor. Uuealdhclm.

purlac.

Description of Types.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Type

Name

of king, &c., in four lines across

field.

First three letters of mint across field above and below, ornaments.

[Cf. PI. VII. 1.]

Type
Small cross pattc'c. Around, tion between two circles.
inscrip-

ii.

Moneyer's
across

name,
field
;

&c.,

in

two

lines
i'c,

crosses,

pellets,
field.

Bymmetrically arranged in
[Cf. PI. VII. 2-5.]

Type
Bust,
1.,

iii.

generally diademed.

Around,

Moneyer's
across

name,
field
;

tSrc,

in

two

inficription

between two

circles.

crosses,

pellets,

lines &c.,

symmetrically arranged in
[Cf. PI. VII. 6-9.]

field.

Type

iv.

Rude

bust,

r.

Around, inscription
circles.

Moneyer's
across

name,

U'tween two

field;

&c., in two lines crosses, pellets, &c.

field.

symmetrically arranged in
[Cf. PI.

VII. 10, 11.]

EADWEARD THE ELDER.

Obverse.

85

Type
Small cross 2Mtt^e within
inscription.
I

V.

circle.

Around,

Moneyer's name across field, divided by saltire formed of rosette and four bn rs pomm^s ; above and below, cross patte'e.

[Trans. Chester Arch. Soc., 1864.]

Type
Rosette icithin circle.
tion.

vi.

Around, inscrip-

Moneyer's name, dec., in two lines across field, divided by pellet between two rosettes of dots ; above and below, curved lines pommes, enclosing pellets.

[Trans. Chester Arch. Soc., 186i.]

Type
Small
tion

vii.

cross patte'e.

Around, inscripcircles.

butweeu two

Moncyer's name, &c., across between two lines.

.ficlJ

and

[Cf. PI. VII. 12.]

Type
Same.

vii.

var. a.

Similar no lines above ami muneyor'd name.

;

below

[Cf. PI. VII.

13.]

Type

viii.

Small
tion

cross patteo.

Around,
circles.

in.scrip

Moncyer's name across

field

abovo

between two

ami beluw,
mes.
[Cf.
ri.

star of eight rays

pom-

VIII

1]

;;

8(1

WESSEX.
Reverse.

Obvcrao.

Type
Around, inacrip Hniall croHB imlU-c. liou botwutn two circles.
[Cf.
ri.

ix.

MoDcyer'a nnmfi, &c., acroBS uiounted or ilividtd by

sign.

field, Bur-

floral

de-

VIII. 2-9.]

Type
l^mnU
crosf patt&.

Around, inKcrlption
:

Wtiveen

tiro circles

border of dots.

Moneyer^ a name across field; above bird l, feeding fn/m branch (Dove and olive brunch) ; below, '" border of dots.
:

[Riul.

n.

16, 7

and

16.]

Type
Small cross pattoc. tion between two
Around, inscripcircles.
I I

xi.

Hand

of Providence from clouds; moneyer's name, &c., in field.

[Cf. PI. Till.

10-12]

Type
Small cross pattc'o. tion between two

xii.

Around, inscripcircles.

Moneyer's
across

name,
field,

&c.,

in

two

lines

divided (fa9ade of church?).*

[Cf. PI. VIII. 13,

by

building

14]

Type
Small cross pattoe. tion between two

xiii.

Around, inscrip
circles.

Moneyer's

name, &c., across field above, lino, on w^hich church below, cross patte'e.
;

[Cf. PI. VIII.

15.]

Type
Rose formed by cross pomme'e with
Voided
centre over Aruuiul, inscription
cross
i

xiv.

Moneyer's

name,
;

&c.,

in

two

lines

moline.

between

two

'

circles.

voided in centre, between two circles dividing legend above and below, A.
across field
cross,

[Cf. PI. VIII.

16]

This fafade much resembles the type of the Prsetorian Gate on coins of Constantine the Great and hie successors.

EADWEARD THE ELDER.

Description op Coins.

87

No.

88
No.
ObvcfBC.

WESSEX.
Moii'-yr.

pEADVVEARD REX

AOEL+
|h

iEcluulf.

.f.

VLFMO
Wt.
21-5.

^EDVVEZ[RD

TJOEL't'

VLFM"
Vit.

^^ ^

24

7.

HhETXDVVET^RD

AEBEL
*A^
*A^

*i*

VVLFMO
Wt.
27-4.

10

^EADVVEARD

/ECER
^

Miered.

EDM~0>^
"\Vt.

^^

24

2.

11

E7\DVVE7\RD REX

/E)ER

^^^
EDMO>i<
Wt.
24-5.

12

5<E7SDVVEXCRD

REX

/EOER

^^^ EDMO
Wt.

13

I<E7\DVVE7XRD

REX
>)

14

/EOER

EDMO
15

EZfDVVEARD REX

/EOER

EDMO
IG

17

'i'EADVVEARD REX

BEAHX
4^
>!-<

iXi

TAN MO
[PI. VII,
2.J

EADWEAED THE ELDEE.

No.

89

90

WESSEX.

No.

EADWEARD THE ELDER.

No.
Obverse.

91

Reverse.

37

^EADWEARD RE^

38

"I'EADVVEARD REX

39

"^EX^DVVETJRD

REX

40

41

^EADWEARD REX

42

^ETXDVVEARD REX-

43

EZtDVVETXRD REX

44

45

46

02

WESSEX.

No.

EADWEARD THE ELDER.

No.

93

94

WE88EX.

No.

EADWEAED THE ELDER.

Reverse.

95

i<EADVVEARD RX

BIORW
1^
.J.

Biornuuald.

VLDUO
Wt. 19
[PI. VII. 6.]
3.

75

i^EADVVESRD REX

CVDB

Cudberht.

ERNT^
Wt.
25-7.

* *

7G

DVDIG

Dudig.

MONE
Wt. 2t-3. (Double struck.)

77

I^EADVVEARD REX

DVDIC
4* !< "^

MON
.'.

(Broken.)
<i*

78

i<EADVVEARD REX

ealh's
4*

Ealhstan.

TANMO
Wt.
[PI. VII. 7.]
25-4.

4"

.'.

4<

.'.

79

iEADVVEARD REX

FRAMV
J* 4* I'

Frnmuuia.

VISM-O
Wt.
24-8.

80

^3flaflA3VVaA3>i<

viiAflk'
J"

t'

OIISIV
Wt.
27-7.

81

^EADVVEARD REX

DARE

Qaroard.

ARDM"0
Wt. 23
4.

J,

4,

8'2

GRIMP
^
!

Grimwftld.

4^

ALDM'O
Wt.
24-5.

on

WESSEX.

No.

EADWEARD THE ELDER.

No.

97

98
No.

WEBSEX.

EADWEAED THE ELDER,

No.
Obverse.

99

Reverse.

Monevcr.

105

"J-EADVVEARD REX

OiVLF Above and below,

curved branches forming 3.

Osulf.

Wt.
[PI. VIII. 9.]

24-6.

Type
106

xi.

i<EADVVEARD REX

AL HJ TA N

Var.

Hand open,
Wt.
21-8.

Alhstan
(Ealhfitan).

MO

witli crucilbrm

nimbus.

[PI.

Vm.

10.]

107

REX

Q
L

Var. Hand open, vfithout nimbus.

Aulf.

V F Z
wt.
[PI. VIII. 11.]
24-4.

108

MO DM
i<

DE or

Var. Hand giving benediction (La-

Deormod.

tin third
fourth
closed).

and

fingers

Wt. 240.
[PI.

VIII. 12.]

Type
109

xii.

i^EADVVEARD REX

EA DV

Eadmund.
Wt.
251!.

m ND
[PI. VIII.
13.]

110

iEADVVEARD

REX

IR

FA

Irfara.

RA

MO
Wt. 18
4.

[PI. VIII. 14.]

'Type
111

xiii.

i^EADVVEARD REX
[PI.

VVLFLAR
Wt. 24
C.

I'^ulfgnr.

VIII

If).]
II

100

WE8HEX.

No.

101

AETHELSTAN.
Succ. A.D. 925; died a.d. 9i0 or 941.

Moneyers.

Abba [= Abun
Abun
(Exeter). Adelbert ( York).
Mlfno-f>.

?]

(Chester).

Berhtelm [Berhtliel] Byrhthehn, &c.

(Langport, Siirewslmry). [cf. Beorneard]. Bernere. Btrngar.

Abonel (Hertford, Muldon).

Bernard

Alfred (Wareham).
JElfric or Elfric (Canterbury).

Biorhtric.

uElfntan (I.ondf.n).

^Ifwald (London).

Biorhtivald [= Bryhtuald]. Biorneard, Biarnmrd, &c. (London). Boiga or Boigalet (Chester, Derby).
Brylituald.

Mlfwine
MU-,

(Chester).

see also Elf-.

Burhtehn

[cf.

Berhtelm]

(Ward-

jE^elberM. jESclfcrS (Canterbury). ^^elra [.^ helmed?] (Winclioster).

borough).

Burdel [= Bardel?} (Norwich).

Burneld. Burnhelm.

JBSelmod [ASclmod].
Jb'iehioTS or

EelnoT> (Derby, Notting-

Bus?
Byrhtehn, see Bcrlitelm.

ham).
JE^elred (York). JE^elsige (Cwderhury). JE^elstan [yE^elstaii].

Byruwald (AValliugford). Cenapa or Cnapa (Chester).

(GlouCenherht or Enberht (Shrewsbury). Cialelm. Clac.

iESelwold
cester).

[cf.

Haelwold]

JE^elicine (Shaftesbury). JE^cl-, see also AiSel-. JHiered (Chester, London).

Alet.

Clad?
CnaTi ? (Chester). Credard.
Cristign.

Alfeah.
Alhstan.

Cugeli ?

Cugem ?
Cunidf. Cyneivald.

Amclric (Winchester).

Arc [Ere ?].

Arnulf, Arnalf, &c. (York). Asalf or Asulf.

Begn.

Aielm
(

[A<5elraod or A<5elmund]

WalUmjford).

A^elmod
A^elmund.
A^elwold.

Deorerd (Chester). Dcorulf or Diorulf (Chester). Deoruuidd, Diarnwdd, lic. Domences, Dominic, &c. [ = Dominicusl
Borlfe? Drylituald

[=

Bryhtuald?].

A^elwnlf

( Winrlirster).

Ael-, see also vESel.

A^ulf ( Winchester).
Balilric.

Ihdd trine. Barbo (Norwich).

Bardel or Burdcl (Norwich). Barifer^ \_l>(irnj'erd !']. Beahrcd or Ih-anred (London).
Belcja or Brlfje.

Duriaiit. Eadgar (Norn-irk). Eadqild (dniferhury). Eadiaf or Eadiilf (Chester). Eadmund or Edmund ((Jln:ator,Sknu-sbury).

Eadric (Lewes Eadstun. Eadulf.

Ealkst,in.

?).

Beorncard] (Chester). Beorhtidf or Biorhtulf (Batli, Dart[cf.

Beorard

Eardulf (Oxford,

Stafford).

mouth').

Bconiwald and Byrnwald (Wallingford,

Warchani).

Enrnnlf. Eel H Tilt (York). Ecgkcrd (Sh rtwsbury). Eclaf or Ellaf (London).

102
E<lr<<l

WESSEX.
[Fadrod] (Shrowsbury).
(("I.ihI.t).
V

Mn^ldomon (ChoBtcr).
Miurtcn (Chester).

Klranl
Phnnrd.

Kifillxrhl

lluigilbcrhl

?].

Magnard.
Mali.

Ele? (^Lnmlon). Elfric, ee MUrio.

Elfwie.
Elf-, ev ftlHo Elhif, i>.'e Ei'liif. J^iiqiUHrht, luiiplberht, &c.

Manna, Manne, Man,

&c. (Canterbury,

MM:

London, Norwich, Tamworth). Manninc. Mantian (Norwich).

M(Cf-ehr<,hl7

[=

IlaTSelwold or Mf>ii\-

Euferimmd, E/ermund, &c. (Shrewsbury).

woldV](Oj/orr/). MegenfreiS (Canterbury). Megrt'd (Chester).

Eranl [= Efmrd Ere (London).

.Brjc.

?] (Chester).

Monign [Mon pegn ?] (Warwick).

No?ier.

Nybahl (Shrewsbury).

Etram

{Canti^hury). E?>el-, ee ^Xcl-, or A^el-. Faicle [Pawlo?] (London) Folcred.

Oda

or Odo.

Oslac

[= Oslaf ?] (Chester). Oslaf, Osulf (Chester).

Oswart. Otic (Wincheeter). raid, Panics or Paulus (Chester).
Pitit.

Fram.

Fmrd [=

Efrard] (Chester).

Fre^<ird. Fri^ehriht.

Frotgcr, Frofger (Shrewsbury).

IlngenaJd, Regnald, &c. (Exeter,YoTk). lljcgcnulf and Rsenulf (Chester, TT'inchester).

Frotierm Fugel. Fulrad.

Garidf.

Gareard (London).

Begengrim. Begenicard (Oxford). Kcgnald, see Exgencdd.

Bcinere.

Genard [= Conard?] (Exeter).

Giencea ?

Benard or Binard
Boghard. Rotborht (York).
Salces
?

(Exeter).

Binkdd [= Regnald?).

Giongbald (Norwich).
Gisl Gislemer.
Gota.

(Chester).
see

Sandae,

Landac.

Grimicald {London). H.rgenrede (Derbij). Hargi'r [= Hcrigar?]. Ua^elberht [JETSelberht?}.

Ha>olwold [^Selwold?].
Hcldalt (York). Herebtar? Horntod.
ILni<'(r>ath).

Sihares (Derby). Sigebrand. Sigedrald ? Sigefer?) (Chester). Sigeland (Exeter, Oxford).

S>gar\_es'},

Sigeicidf.

Sigfold[es].

lUdulf lllildulf]. Hrodear [ = HroSgar] (Norwich).

Hiiugar. Hunlif (Hereford).

Siuard [=Siward] (York). Smahi. Snel (CItester).

Sota.

Sprone ne.
Stefan us.
Steland.

Hunric.
Igere or Here (London).
Jlde})erht.

Tidgar, Tidger, &c. (Chester). Tda.

Tiotes or Totes (Chester).

Inga.
higellwrld.

Ingelric (Oxford). lohann. Ismll= Snel?].

Torhthehn (Canterbury). Turstan, see JTnrstan.

Uuealdhelm. Uuilluf or UuiUaf (Shrewsbury).

Unilric.

Landac?
Lei\tric ( Wincliester).

Liting,

i/()i*/;ij7, &c. (Xoncich). Liofliehn (Lomlon).

Litihuan (London).

Uulfgar (Chester). Uulfhoard (Winchester). Uulfsig or Uulfsige. Uulfstau or Wulfetan (Chester)

AETHELSTAN.
Uuynelm
(Oxford).

103

Winele.
Witil.

Uuynsige (Langport).
TPdelric {Oxford).

Welnberht.

Wulfhelm (London). Wul/man or Uulfnuin.

Wyltsig.
(Stafford).

Wiard

(aiester).

Wihtemund, Wimund, &c.

Wilebald. Wilne.

purine.

purstan {Lincoln).

Description of Types.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Type L
Small cross pattee. Around, inscription between two circles.
[Cf. PI.

Moneyer'e name,
across
field
;

&c.,

in

two

lines
&c.,

crosses,

pellets,
field.

symmetrically arranged in

X. 5-6.]
ii.

Type
Star of six points, between two pellets.

Moneyer's

Around,
circles.

inscription

between

two
[Cf.

&c., in two lines crosses, pellets, &c., symmetrically arranged in field.

name,

across field;

n. X.

7.]

Type iii. Moneyer's name in two lines across Small cross patte'e. Around, inscripfield three pellets between above tion between two circles. and below, floral ornament. [Cf. PI. X. 8.]
; ;

Type iv. Straight line dividing field alwvo, Small cross pattee. Around, inscription building (church ?) moneyer's name, between two circles. &c., above and below or wholly Ixlow
;
;

the
[Cf. PI.

lino.
9.]

IX. 2

&

X.

Type V. Small cross pattee. Around, inscripSmall cross pattee. Around, inscriptiun between two circles. tion between two circles. [Cf. PI. IX. 1.]
I I

Type

V.

var. a.

Same.

Small cross
pellets.

patt(fo

surrounded by four Around, inBcrii)tion becircles.

tween two
[Cf. PI.

IX.
var.

3.]

Type

V.
I

h.

Same.
[Cr.
I'l.

Cross pattee voided.

lidu

Around, inecripbetween (w.n-iri-bs

IX. II.]

104
Obvene.

WESSEX.
Beverae.

Type
Sumo.

V.

var.

c.

lUiHf'tto
I I

of

(lots.

Around, inacription

lK;t\vccn

two

circlcB.

[Cf. ri. IX. S.]

Type
KoHcttc of
(Idts.

vi.

Around, inscription
[Cf.

Kosetto of dote.

Around, inscription

between two circke.

between two
9.]

circles.

n. IX.
vi.

Type
Same.

var. a.

Small cross patte'e. Around, inscription between two circles.

IX.
10.]

[Cf.

PI.

Type Bust
diademed. tion between two
r.,

vii.

Around, inscripcircles, divided by

[Cf. PI.

Moneyer's
across

bust.

in two lines pellets, &c., symmetrically arranged in field.

name,
;

&c.,

field

crosses,

X.

10.]

Type

viii.
I

Bust r., crowned. Around, inscription between two circles, divided by bust.
[Cf.
PI.

Small cross pattce. Around, inscription between two circles.

IX. 13

&

X.

2, 3, &c.]

Type
Bu.'^t r.,

ix.

crowned.

Around, inscription

between two

circles.

Smnll cross patte'e. Aroimd, inscription between two circles.

[Cf. PI.

X.
X.

4.]

Type
Bust
hisb relief, with traces of crown. Around, inscrijition Ix'twcen two circles, divided by bust.
r.,

in

Small cross patte'e. Around, inscription between two circles.

IX.
4.]

[Cf. PI.

Type

X. var. a.

Same, but bust

1.
I

Same.
[Cf. PI. IX. 5.]

Type xi Bust
biph relief, with traces of crown. Around, inscription between two circles, divided by bust.
r.,

in

Cross

crosslet.

Around, inscription
circles.

between two

[Cf. PI.

IX

G.]

AETHELSTAN.

105

Obverse.

Type Bust r., hclmcted and crowned. Around, inscription between two circles, divided by bust.
[Cf. PI.

xii

Cross

crosslet.

Around,
circles.

inscription

between two X.
13.]

Type

xiii.

Head

r.,

liclincttd

Around,
circles.

inscription

and crowned. between two

[Cf. PI.

Cross

crosslet.

Around, inscription
circles.

between two
X. H.]

Descbiption op Coins.

No.

106
No.

WE88EX.

AETHELSTAN.
No.

107

108
No.

WESSEX.

AETHELSTAN.
Obverse.
Reverse.

109

Sfonej-er.

i/EBELS-TAN RE^

TO BR
i</EBELSTAH REX

J-EADMVND

MO LED
CF:
Wt.
24-4.

Eadmund.

TO i-EADMVMD M-O LEGE BRT Wt. 23-7. TO I^EFRARD

BR
fyrO LED CF Efrard, Wt. 25-4.

i^/EBELSTAN

RE-i^

I</EBELSTAN RE4< TO

I<M/ERTENE

BRT
Var.

MO LEDE
EF
Wt.
24-8.

Marten.

Aunukt

on
of

cither

side cross patte'e.

I<0$LFE

MO

LEDE CIF
Wt.
25-2.

Oslaf or
Osulf.
Paul(c3).

^PAVLES M^O LEDE

CIF4< Wt. 24-2.

^PAVLESM'O
BR

LEID EF
Rwnulf.

(Chipped.)

BRT

^R/ENVLFM'O LED CF
Wt. 240.

/EBELSTAH RE^ TO
BRIE

-i'SIDEFERB

MOH
lEDE EF
Wt.
2(J-5.

Si<rcfer'8.

p/EBELSTAN

REiH

TO P'SIDFERB MO LEDE
BR
Wt.

CFI
24-2.

/E&EL$TAN

RE>1<

TO
BRIE

iTIDDER

MO

IN

LEDE
EFI"!*
24(J.

Tidgar.

Wt.

>iEBEL$TAN RE>^

TO
BR

I-VVLFDAR MON

Uulfgar.
25-6.
Uiilfstaii or

LEDCE
Wt.

i</E&EL5TAN

RE^ TO tVVLF^TAN M~0 LEDE

BRT
Wt. 21G.

Wulfbtiin.

/EBEL5TAN

REI<

TO
BR!

-^PLFSTAN M~0 LEDC

Wt.
24t).

Type

V. var. c.

/EBEL$TAN RE TO

I-ABBA

MO

IN

EBLXE

LEDE CF
Wt.
2:t G.

AblKl.

[PI. IX. 8.]

no
No.
Obvorsc.

WESSEX.
lI.viTH".

43

/E&ELSTAN RE'h TO BR

^OSLAC MON LEIEC^

Wt.
24-4.

Oelac.

Tijiyi vi.

44

^/EBEL-ST-AN RE-h TO BR
Var.

I-BE-OR-ARD MON
LEIE EF
AVt. 24-5.

Bcornrd.

Above

rosette, co.

[PI.

IX.

9.]

45

*/EBEL$TAN REX TO
BR

*DEORVLF
Var.

MOI LEIDC To loft of

Doorulf.

rosette, tmnulet. Wt. 23-5.

46

i</EBELSTAN

RE-J^

TO *E-ADMVND MON
LEIE
Wt.

Eadmuud.
23-6.

BRI

47

i-EFRARD

MON LELEE
Wt.
25-2.

Efrard.

BR
48

*FRARD M~0 LEIDE

CIF
Wt.
23-4.

49

/EBELSTAN TEX TO
BRI

*M/ELDOMEN MO
LELC
Wt.
24-4.

MfeldomeQ.

50

i</EBELSTAN RE* TO *MELRED MON

LEDI

Megred.

BR
Wt.
51

CF
23-8.

*OSLAC MON LECEE

Wt.
24-6.

Oslac.

52

iPAVLES MOI LEICC

Wt.
23-3.

Paul(ea).

53

^/EBELSTVN TE* TO
Br

*TIDL7XR

MON LEG EF
Wt.
24-8.

Tidgar.

54

i-/E&EL'STAN RE^'

*TIDLER MONET
LEIE CF
Wt.
24-3.

TO BR

55

^EBELSTAN REX TO
BR
4/EBELSTAN RE* TO BR

* VVLFLAR MON
Wt.

UtdfgM

LEIE24-0.

56

*VVLFSTAN M-O
LEICC
Wt. 250.

Uulfstan.

Struck ou a coiu of AelfrcU

AETHELSTAN.
Xo.

Ill

112

WESSEX.

No.

AETHELSTAN.

113
Monovor.

Type

viii.

J</E)ELST7XN

REX

^VVYNELM-M-0-OXVRBIS
Var.

Uuynelm.

Four jHllets in field opposite

each end of
cross.

Wt. 240.
[PI.

IX.

13.]

SCROBBESBYRIG.
[Shrewsbury.]

Type

V.

}<E)ELSTAN REX TO BRIT

^BERHTELM SCROB
Wt.
2i-3.

Berhtelm.

i^BERHTEL M" BRIT

[PI.

SER0B
23-8.

Wt.
IX.
14.]

Type

vi

EELZTAN RE^ TO B& tEDRED hrO SEBOB

Wt.
20-4.

Edred.

^/EO- EL -STAN REX

^E-0-FERMVND

T0

M SEROB
24-8.

Eofermuud.

Wt.

^ECELSTAN-RE'I- TO ^FROTCER MO XCROB Wt. 250. BRIT

Frotprer.

SNOTINGAHAM.
[Nottingham.]

Type

V.

I'EDEESTAN RE

SA^ORVM

HhEBELNOB ON

Erclno*.
7.

SNKTENCEHAM
Wt. 22

[PI. X. 1.]

114
No.

WESSEX.
Moncycr.

P/ERINCPIC.
[Warwick.]

Type
85

V.

va r.

c.

p/EBELSTAH REX
TOI BR

^mO\AB\L\A
Var.

MOH
On
r.

VERI
of ro-

MoiiTiig^

(Men pegn?).

sette, 8.

\Vt. 22-7.

PELINGAFORD.
[Wallingfurd.]

Type
86

viii.

Ht/EOELSTAN REX

J-BEORNrSLD- M"0
Wt.

Beornwald
or BjTnwald.

PEL
23-6.

87

*/E)ELXT7\N

^BVRNPSLD MONPE
Wt.
21-6.

88

^/ECELSTAN
[PI.

I<BYRNPALD
X.
2.]

MO
PELINLS
Wt.
26-8.

PERHAM.
["SVareham.]

Type
89

viii.

Hh/EOELSTAN REX
I I

"t/ELFRED MO- IN PERH-A

Wt.
3.]

iElfred.

24-6.

[PI.

X.

AETHELSTAN.
Reverse.

115

Moneyer.

WINCEASTRE.
[Winchester.]

Type

viii.

^/EOELSTAN REX
REX

^AMELRIC-M-O-VVINII
Wt. 24G.

"i^VVLFHEARDVar.
cross.

MO WIN
Wt.

CI

Pellet above
24-6.

Type

ix.

^/EOELSTAN REX TO ^/E)ELM"MO- WIN

BR
Var.
patte'o
tral one.

CISmall cross above cen-

Wt.
[PI.

23-0.

X.

4.]

Series B.

Without
Type

Name
i.

of Mint.

I*/EBEL$TAN REX

ABBA

MON
4^/EDELSTSN REX

I-/EBELSTA-N REX

^/EOELXTAH RE

116
No.

W ESSEX.
Hcvcrsc.

Moncycr.

97

AAEGLXTTTN REX
i

ZtREM

OH ETA
(CLipped.)

98

t/EOELSTAN RE-

ARNY
LFMOI

Amulf.

^ 4 ^
Wt.
22-2.

99

^\E)EL-STAN RE

ASVL
"i^ *I^

FNEN

^
Wt.
22-5.

Asalf or Asulf
(cf. Oslaf).

100

^/EOEL-STJKN RE

ELSE

Clac.

^ t' 4< MONE

Wt. 237.

101

^/EOEL-ZTRl/I R

ERISJ.

Cristign.

^^
Wt.
22-3.

TIEN

102

/E)EL-$TAN REX

DOMEN
CESM-0
Wt.
22-0.

i< i^ -^

Domenceg Dominic
cus).

or

(= Domini-

103

DOMI

^^^
NIC-M
Wt.
23-8.

104

I-/EOELXTAN REX

EADMV
j^ 4<

Eadmund.
Wt.

NDM~0
24-8.

105

t/EOELSTAN REX TO
BRIT-

EZtDV
t'>l<^

Eadulf.

LFM~0
Wt.
21-3.

106

^EBELSTAN hEX

EEBE RHT
(Chipped.)

Ecberht.

MS

AETHELSTAN.
Obverse.

119

Moneyer.

127

/EOEL-STN REX

SOTA
J. }, ^4

Sota.

NOUE
J,

Wt.

23-4.

128

-i/EOELSTAN REX

WEALD ^ ^ 4*
l-ELNVIO"

Uuealdhelm.

Wt. 17

4.

129

/EDELST^KN

RE^

VVIL

Uuilluf.

^^^
LVFM
Wt. 240.

130

^/EOELSTZJN REX

VVLFI-E
J. 4,

Uulfheard.

ARDM-0
Wt.
23-8.

131

'i'/EBELSTAN RE

4<

VVLF ^^
ZTAN
Wt.
23-4.

Uulfstan.

132

PINE

Winele.

J' "i*

LEM-Q
Wt.
23-8.

133

/EOELSTAN REX

PINE
4. }< !<

TEM^O
(Chipped.)

Blundered.

134

/EOEL$TAN REX

ASAEL
4^

Asalf?

"^

N V O
Wt.
2 10.

135

^EADE^cuTAH REX

IEA30
.^

Dioralf?

Dl

O R
Wt. 23
5.

WES8EX.

No.

AETHELSTAN.

121

Obverse.

Type
145

viii.

^/EOELXTN REX
^/EOELSTAN REX
^/EOELSTANREX.
i/E)ELSTAN

^/E-DELFREO MON
\\L
21-7.

Ji3?ielfie

(^Selfert).

146

^AOELFRMD M"ONNE
Wt.
17-4.

^elfreS?

147

^7\LFEAV MONET"
M't. 21-0.

Alfeah.

148

REX
[PI.

^DRYHTVALD MON
Wt. 230.
X.
11.]

Drvhtuald = Bryht-

nald?3.

149

^LIFING MONEl/l
Wt.
23-2.

Lifincr.

Type
150

X.

/edeltv/ian rex
I

-I'ADELnOD+ARNVLF
I

A'Selmod

Wt.
12.]

23-0.

and Arnulf.

[PI.

X.

Type
151

xii.

^/EOELSTANREX
[PI.

^BALDRIE HOMT
Wt. 220.
13.]

Baldric.

X.

152

^/EOELSTAM^EX
"t/EOEfrv^T

^EINARD MOIETA
Wt.
23-8.

Einard,

153

ElUARD

M0H

(Broken.)

154

/E)ELXTAN REX
i</EELXTAhfiEX

i^SMALA
'I'PIARD

MON ETA
Wt. 230.

Smala.

155

MONETA
Wt.
21-4.

Wiard.

Type
15G

xiii.

/E>;EL$TAN rex O
[PI.

I-CfiMALA

MONETA
Wt. 25G.

Smala.

14.]

122

WESSEX.

EADMUND.
Suco. AD. 910 on
'J

11

died

a.d. 94G.

Moneyere.

Al.l.un(Abbu?).
AhilK'l.

Byrnferfi.

Byniwald.
Cenherht.
or iESelwino.
iElfric].

Adtlirerd,

Addwine
^dtilf.
iEi'lric

Cialberht, CiolberJit, &c.

Clac {Exeter, London).

[=
'I

Cnapa

or Gnapa.

^gii uce
yl'fl/rrd.
yT'i/'rir.

Oundferi. Dxodulf.

Demonec,
nicus].

Domences, &c.

= Domi-

il:ifs(an.

il'^irwalJ or
yT'lfirine.

Elfwald.

Deorwald, Diarwald, &c. Diarelm.

Dorulf. Drcgel, Dregl, &c.

jElficinig.
iEl'f.-, Hvc

nlso Elf.-

y7:,>(/7)i [

yErnulf or ArnuJf. = Mielmund'].

iETielinod.

Dudelet Dudig. Duraint

Eadgar.

= Durandes].

J^J^ilmund or A^elmund.
y]-J^elul/ or ATielulf.
.3<37itlwiiie

Durand[c3].
Eadgild,

or A'i^ehcine. iE^cl.-, see also ASel.-

Eadmund.
Eadred, Edired, &c. Eadstan. Eaduueard. Ealgeart ?
Eardulf. Ecghriht. Edired. E/eireos ? Eferbrd [Efericerd
Eferulf.

jEiered [^^eZred]. Agtardles ?]. Alberic?

Amund
Are.

or

Amynd[es].

Arnulf or iErnulf.
A>:h1/ or Asulfnen.

Atenn?
AT>elulf

?].

[=

^elulf].

A^eluueard.
AJ5el.-, see also

^^el.-

Baciager or Bacialer.
Baldric.

Efgeulf? Egered. Einard.

Elaet. Elferd.
Elf.-, see also

Balduuine. Barbe [Barht] (Norwich). Beahred. Bencdictus.

^If.-

Eofermund.
Erconbald Erembald.
Ere^ic.

[=

Ercimbald].

Beoncald (^Wallingford).
Bcrhtclm.
Jlerhtred.

Ergimbalt [= Ercimbald].
Ericil.

Bcrhtwig. Jkrna^.
Bernsige.

Bese or BeseJ. Bianulf.

Biiirhtulf or Biorhticulf. Biriieanl, Biomcanl, &c. Boot; [ = Boiga?] (York?)

Eulg-art [= Ealgeart?]. Eielsige. EtSel.-, see also .^?el.-

Furaman, Farman. Faromia? (Leicester).

Folcard, Ftilcred. Frard[= Efrard?].

Boign, Boga, iVc. Boinsulf, 'Boinul/l= Biornulf?].

Fredard

= Fre<Sard].

Fref<ic[^es2-

Bonsom.
Burnhelm. Burnric or Bijnncic.

Fugel. Gciindfer^ or GundferT* Giongbald (Xortcich).,

EADMUND.
(xis[lemer Gnapa or
?].

123
Oietiorcel.

Cnapa.

Paul, Paules, &c.

Pitit.

Gota or Gotaf.
Grimwald. Hadebald.

Hana, Hanen, &c. Hereman. Horemod.

Hereuuig.
Hildeomert. Hotaf.

Frim. Bxgenold. Handulf. Regnulf [=Raegenulf].

Reg^ier.

Eeingrim, or Eegegrim {Oxford).

Bodherht.

Bodmr
Hrd^gar (NonvicW).

or

Bodgar
?

(^Norwicli).

Hrodear

or

Salciarene

Hunhf.
Hunsige.
ledulf. Igere. Ingelbert.

Sarauuard. Saxsa.

Scurua ? Siadcman or Sideman.

Sigar[e8] or Sigear[es^. Sigeher^ ? Sigwold. Smerel.
StefJian.

Ingelgar (York).

Land wine.
Leofric. Liafinc.

Ligeberd [= Sigeber?].
Liofhelm. Litilman.

Telia.

Ulf (Chester).
Ulgebert
?

[Ingelbert

?].

Mield or M?Dldomcn. Mserten or Martin.

Uuihtes or Uuihtseg. UuQaf.

Uuitelm. Uulfstan.

Man, Mana
3Ianeta.

or

Manna.

Manticen or Maunicen (Norwich). Megred.

Nansige.

Uuynsige. Warn [ = Warin]. Waringod.

Werlaf. White.

Oda. Ondres ?

Onunman 7
Oslac.

Wigard, Wigeard, or Wigheard.

\Vinuc ? Wulfgar.

Osmund.
Osulf or Oswulf.

Wulfhclm.
Wulfric.

Oswald.
Otic.

Wvnhelm
Peodulf.

or

Wyunclm.

Oneiric

[=

JE^elric^.

permod.
Description op Types.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Type

i.

Small cross pattc'o. tiun between two

Around, iuscrip
circles.

Moncycr's

name,
;

&c.,

in

two

lines

acTdss field crosses?, pillets, iVc, syniiuetrically arranged in lield.

[Cf. PI.

XL
ii.

2-6.]

Type
Small cross formed of pellets. Around, inscription between two circles.

Moneyer's
across

name,
;

&c.,

in

two
pellets,

linos

and ornaments symmetrically arranged

field

rosette,

in liild.

[Cr. PI.

XL

7.]

124
ObTone.

WESSEX.
Revenc.

Type
RoBottn of
p'llcta.

iii.

Arnuml,

iiiHcription

Moneycr'fl
ftcross

name,
fiolrl
;

&c.,
five

l>ctwoen two circles.

in two rosettes

linos

sym-

metrically arranged in field.

[Cf. ri.

XI.
iv.

8.]

Type
Small cross patteo. Around, inscription between two circles.
[Cf. PI.
|

Rosette of dots.

Around, inscription

between two
XI.
V.

circles.

1.]

Type
Small cross pattcc. tiou between two

Around, inscrip
circles.

Moneycr's
field
;

name in one line across above, straight line from wliich springs a rose between two curved branches below, seven;

])ctalled flower.
[Cf. PI.

XL
vi.

9.]

Type Bust r , crowned. Around, inscription between two circles, divided by bust.
[Cf. PI,
I

Small cross patte'e. Aroimd, inscription between two circles.

10, 11.]

XL

Type

vii

Kudo

helmoted and crowned. Around, inscription between two circles, divided by bust.
bust
r.,

Cross

crosslet.

Around, inscription
circles.

between two

[Cf.

PL

XL

12.]

Description of Coixs,

No.

EADMUND.
No.

125

126

WESSEX.

Xo.

EADMUND,
No.

121

128

EADMUND.
Obverse. Reverse.

129

Moneyer.

38

iEADMVHD RE

CNAP
J<
.J,

AMO~N
Wt.
24-8.

Cnapa,

39

^EADMVMD

REi

DEMEN

EEMOT
Wt. 22
0.

"^

Dcmonec

or

Donienccs ( = Dominicus).

40

DEMEN

EEMOT
(Chipped.)

41

I<ESDMVND- REX

DOMEN
CESM"0
M't. 24 0.

[PI.

XI.

3.J

42

iEADMVND REX

DIARE

Diarelm.

LMM^O
Wt.
20-0.

^^^

43

^EADIAIVND RE

DORV

Dorulf.

LFM-O
Wt,
25-0.

44

EADMVHD REX

DORV
!< 4^ 4,

LFEM
W^t. 24-9.

45

fE-A-DMVND RE
'

DRED
Jh J^ 4,

Dreffol.

LMOTWt. 200.

4G

^EADMVND REX

DVDE
i" } 4^

Dndolet = Dudig?).

LETM O
Wt.
22-4.

:!()

WERSEX.

No.

EAUMUND.
Obverse.
Keverse.

131

Moneyer.

}<EADMVND REX

EADS

^ ^ 4.
TANO
CO

Wt.

23-8.

^ET^DMVND REX

EADVVE
i^

"^
CO

1^

A R D
[PI.

M
wt

XI.

4.]

^EADMVND RE^

EARD

VLFM

^EADMVNDREX

EARD

YLFM"0

^^

4,

^EADMVND REX

EFER
^

VLFM-Q

^^

J^EADNVMD

EFER

"^ t'

VLFrO

^EADMVND REX

ECERED

^ ^ ^
MO N ETA
ELEERD
^

MO N ETA

!*

EOFERM
"^

VHDM^O

lO^

EADMUND.
No.

133

134

WESSEX.

No.

EADMUND.
No.

135

lao
No.

WESSEX.

EADMUND.
No.
Obverse.

137
Reverse.

Moneyer.

115

i'EADMVND

RE^

OX>A
J< 1^ .^

roMo
OZFA

"Wt. 22-0.

IIG

i'EADMVND

RET^

J< "t"

^ LDMO
\Vt.

23

0.

117

REX

^ ^

OTIC^
.J,

Otic.

M-ON-E
Wt. 250.

lis

OTIC^

MON"E
Wt. 250.

^^^

119

i^EADMVND REX

PAVL

^^^ ESMO
Wt. 23G.
120

Pauses).

^EADMVND RE

^ ^

PAVE
.Ji

LSMO
Wt.
24-6.

121

>i<EADMVND REX

PITIT

Pitit.

MONE
Wt.
[PI.
23-2.

XI.

5.]

122

fEADMVND

RECN

VLFM
123
>>

^^^
Wt.
?A-S.

Eegnulf.

Wt.

21-3.

124

^EADMVMD

REDf

RECE

Rpg><er.

REXM0T
AVt. 19-2.
I

138

WESSEX.
Ucversc.

No.

Moneyer.

125

"tEADMVND RE

SARA
i*

Barauuard.

WARD
Wt.
25r,.

b 'h

12G

frEADMVND REi*

SAXSA

Sax8a

333W
\Vt. 21-5.

J.

.f.

.J-

me

fecit ?

127

^EADMVND REX

SIADE

Siadcman
(or SiJcman).

MANM^O
Wt.
22-6.

128

EADMVND REX

ETMOT
Wt.
[PI.
20-6.

^ J^ ^
G.]

ilBAR

Sigar.

XL

129

EADMVN REX

VVIHT

Uuiht(c8)
(or

^ "^ J"
EriMOl
"Wt. 24-7.

Uuihtscg

?).

130

^hEADMVND RE

^^^

VVILA

Uuilaf.

FEMO
Wt.
23-3.

131

EADMVND REX

VVLF>J<

Uul&tan.

STAN

^^
Wt.
24-4.

132

i^EADMVND- REX

VVYN

Uuynsige.

SICEM"0
Wt.
22-7.

T"

133

RET

PARN
}<

Warn
(Warm).
Wt.
22-4.

ji !<

MOIIE

EADMUND.
No.

139

no
No.

WESSEX.

EADMUND.
Ko.

141

142

WESSEX.

EADRED.
Suco. A.D. 946;

died

a.d. 9o5.

Moneyers.
j'Elfnipc or ^Ifsic.

E^elnof>.

JFJUiiu. Griper. ^tard[cH] or Agtard[e8]. JEelm [^Tiolinund ?] JE'^eJmund or ASclmund.

Ai^elwald.
iESel.-, see also A8el.-

Frard [=Efrard ?]. Fredard or Frcdrod.

FretSic or Ferric [see FroSric]. FrotS [= FroSric ?].
Fro<5ric.

Fynnelm
Gilles.

= Wynnelm ?].

GisleJielm.

^Ured.
Agtiird[e8] or ^tard[e8] Albert. AUige [ = ^lf8ige?].

Gislcmer. Godin.

Grim. Heremod.
Herigar. Uihlulf. Ilroigar. Htmlaf.

Anna.
Anoeret.

Aje.

Amulf. Asphr ?

Hunred.
or JE^elmund.

A^elmund
AMirerfi.

Hunsaft. Huscbald.
Iiigelgar.

A^cl.-, see also iE?el.Baldric. Baldiuiine.

Inguces
Ive.

= Ingulf ?].

Bernard
Bernere.

or Burnard.

LandferS.
Leofric.
Lifine.

Bcrnfei-tS.

Bese. Biorhtwulf. Boga or Boiga.

Maneca [cf. Mannecin]. Manna, &c. (Xurwich).

Mannecin.
Martin.

Burnard.
Cali Calismert Canceret^
?

Munred.
Norbert.

NorSgar [=Hro*gar?].
Oeirheri
Osfer^. Osgod.
Oslnf.
[

Cenberht.
Cilieni.

= Oneiric?].

Clac.

Copman.
Crist in.

Oswald.
Osicine.

Culein[ = Culfin?]. Deinenco [Dominions].

Deorulf.

Oneiric.

Prin.
Rffiduine.
litedes.

Dreml

Dudig. Duran.

Reg'cSer. Rcinfir?>.

Eadmund.
Eardulf.
Eferulf. Elfred.

Rei^ereil.
liiculf.

Binuc [Rinulf?']
liinulf.

cf.

Winno.

Engilbred. Eodin. orofi [ = Fro^?]. Erimes [ = Grimes?].

Rodbert.

Saruurd r=Saruard].
f^njrua
?

EADRED.
Secge
[

143
Uuilfred. Uuinetin. Uulfstan. Warin or Uuarin. Walter.
Wigerofi.

= Secgcstef ?] (Norwich).

SieferetS [cf. Sifert].

Sicgred.
Sifert.

Sigar[e8]. Smertcali. Suince.

Winuc
or

Swerlinc ? Swerting.

Tyleadrex [= Tyleadred Wealdfred ?]. Unbein.

Uualdfre^. Uuarin or Warin. Uuerstan.
Uuilaf.

[ = Winulf?]. Wulfbald. Wulgar[c8]. Wijnnchtim [ Wymielm].

\)eodhnrht.

peodmaer.
\)eodred.

peodulf.
pwr/tT?!.

purmod.
purulf
[cf.

Uuildaf[=UHildul/?l
Uuilehert.

Deorulf].

Description op Types.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Type
Small cross pattee. Around, inscrip tion between two circles.

i.

Moncycr's
&c.,

name,
;

across field

&c., in two lines crosses, rosettes, pellets,

field.

symmetrically arranged in

[Cf. PI. XII. 2-4.]

Type

ii.

Small
tion

cross patte'e.

Around, inscripcircles.

between two

Floriate stem with two branches enclosing moneyer's name.

103, p. 154.]

[See

No

Type Small
tion

iii.

cross patte'e.

Around,
circles.

inscrip-

Rosette of dots.

Around, insoriptiun

between two

between two
[Cf. ri. XII.
.'i.]

circles.

Type
Rosette of dots.

iv.

Around, inscription

Moneyer's

name,

&c.,

in

two

linos

between two

circles.

across field;

rosettes

of dots syui-

nictrieally arranged in field.

[Cf. PI. XII. G.]

Typt' V.

Bust r., crowned. Around, inscription between two circles, divided by bust.
[Cf. PI.

Small cross patte'o. Around, insrription between two circles.

1

XII.

A-

7.]

144

WESflEX.

Description ok Coins.

No.

EADRED.

145
Reverse.

Moneyer.

"I^EADRED RE

AETAR

^^^ DEXmOT
Wt.
21-5.

.^tard(es) or
Ajjtard(e8).

>{EADRED RE^.
Var. In
field,

M.

Wt. 20

0.

10

EADRED REX

ALTAR
'^
"T* -i^

DESmOT
(Chipped.)

11

EADRED REX
Var. lu field, M.

ARNVL

Arnulf.

FmONT
Wt.
20-5.

12

J-EADRED REX

AOEL

A%elmund.

>I<

MVNDWt.
23-2.

13

ACELM
VNDM-Q
Wt.
19-5.

14

-^EADRED REX-

BALD
4< 4^ 4<

Baldric.

RIEM O
Wt. 180.

15

I^DH EADRED REX

BALDV
IVINH^O
Wt.
21-2.

Balduuine.

IG

^ERDRED REX
Var. In field, thrco
pellets.

BALDV

^^^
VNHO
Wt. 21 -2.

17

EADRED REX

BERN
ARDfn
Wt. 20
7.

Bemnrd

or

Burnard.

11 (;

WESSEX.

No.

RcverBC.

Moneyer.

18

^E??DRED REX

BVRH

ARDM O
Wt.
22-5.

19

i-EADRED REX O

BERN

Bern ere.

EREH
(Chipped.)

20

EADRED REX

BER14F

Bemfer?.

ERomo
Wt. 230.

^^

"f-

21

^EADRED REX

BESE
MOllT
Wt.
21-5.

Bese.

22

EADRED REX

BOCA

Boga

or

Boiga.

ESmOT
AVt.

210.

23
Var. In field. M.
,

BOILA
.^ >^
>5h

ExmoT
Wt.
20-8.

24

EADRED REX
AN6L0R-~
[PI.

CENBE
"^ "^ ^

Cenberht.

RHTM0
Wt.
XII.
2.]

24-8.

25

EADRED RE^

EOPO
i. "f 4<

Copman.
Wt. 19

WAZO

0.

26

DEMEM

Demence
(Dominicus).

^^^
CEPflOT
Wt. 19
0.

EADRED.
Obverse.

147

Reverse.

27

EADRED RE

28

EADRED REX

29

i'EADRED REX

30

fEADRII REX

31

^EADRED RE^

32

EADRED REX

33

^EADRED REX

34

RE^

35

'

^EADRED

RE-i*

36

>^EADRED R

E^^

J^fl

EADKED.
No.

149

Obverse.

Keverse.

Moneyer.

47

"^EADRED RE^

DISLE
i*

Gislemer.

"h "h

IIETM
Wt.
23-6.

48

^EADRED

RE-i*

CODIN
MOTI
Wt.
21-3.

Godin.

49

EADRED REX

CRim

EXmOT
Wt. 20G.
[PI.

^^^
3.]

Grim

XII.

50

I-EADRED REX

HVN

Hunred.

^ ^4 !<
RE'Di
W'L 220.

51

"t-EADRED REXX

HVN

REDX
Wt. 22
0.

52

^EADRED

RE-

HVN
REDC
Wt.
20-3.

53

I'EADRED REX

HVNR
EDIAIO
Wt. 23
0.

54

i^EADRED REXl

HVNR

EDMO)
Wt.
21-5.

55

^EADRED

REX'

HVNR

^ EDMOT
4, 4^

Wt. 210.

150

WESSKX.
Moiieycr.

No.

Obverno.

ncvcre.

56

pEADRED

RE'I-

HVN
^AFT
Wt. 2G-8.

HuDsaft.

57

HhEJ^DRED REX
Var.

HVXEB
four
i

Huseb.ild.

In

field,

t'

"t"

pellets.

ALDII

O
Wt. 230.

58

"tESDRED REX

INCEL
't'

Ingelgar.

LAR'MO
Wt.
22-3.

>^

59

i^EADRED

RE'J':

INGEL
J< p.

CAR-

^ MO
(Chipped.)

60

I-EADRED
I^EADRED

REXO
Wt.
21-5.

61

REX"
Wt.
22-5.

62

EADRED REX

NGV
.J^

Inguces
(

J<

!<

= Ingulf?)

EE5M0T
Wt.
20-5.

63

t'EADRED

RE-i^

LAND

Landfert.

FERO
Wt. 20
0.

64

REX

LEOF
RICM
Wt.
23-3.

Leofric.

65

I'ERDRED RE

^LIF.I

Lifinc.

NEMO
Wt.
LM-3.

EADHED.
No.

151

152

WESSEX.
Obvprsc.

No.

Reverse.

Moncyer.

7G

HhEADRED REX

REIN FIRO
Wt.
16-2.

Keinfir%.

^EADRED

RE-P-

5IEF-E

SiefereS
(cf. Sifert).

REOIO
(Chipped.)

78

EADRED REX

SILAR
4< 4^
Ji

Sigar.

E5moT
Wt.
20-3.

Ena3flaA3fl^

lYLEAD
J^

^ 1^

Tvleadrex (=']}ieadrffl

T0mX3fl
(Broken.)

or

Wealdfred ?).

80

1<EADRED REX

VVALD

Uualdfre'8.

FREO
Wt. 21
[PI.
0.

XII.

4.]

81

^E7\DRED REX

WARIHM~0
AVt. 17-4.

Uuarin or
Warin.

82

P7\RI

NMON

4^ "P

Wt.

20-6.

83

i-EADRED RE

TANNO
Wt.
22-2.

VVERS O "^ O

Uiierstan.

84

EADRED REX

VVIL7\

Uuilaf.

FMON
Wt. 230.

EADRED.
No.

153

1.>1

WEHSEX.

No.

Obverse.

Rcvenie.

Moneyer.

08

4EADRED- REX

OEODM ^ ^ ^
AER M
Wt. UO
0.

9i)

JCEADRED REX

BEOD
VLFM
\Vt. 23-7.

peodulf.

100

I-EADRED REX

ORMO DEMO
Wt. 25
4.

purmod.

101

EADRED REX

OVRM
oi<o

ODMO'H
Wt.
21-8.

102

"i-EADRED

REX

OYRM
r T*

ODH"
Wt.
22-2.

Type
103

ii.

4EADRED

REi

NOR BERT
Wt.
17 5.

Norbert

Type
104

iii.

4-EADnED REX
[PI.

^EVLEIH m~0
Wt. 200.
XII.
5.1

Ciilein (Culfin?).

Type
105

iv.

I'EADrED PFX-

DVpy

purulf
(cf.

Deorulf).

FLmo
I

Wt. 20
[PI. XII.
G.'l

6.

EADRED.
No.

155

r..;

WESSEX.

EADWIG.
Succ. A.u. 055; uii;u a.o. 959.

Moneyers.
Abenel (Htrefunl
iElfred.
yKI/Ki(][e'\.
JEiiri'ij.
?).

Eofercd (York).
EoroTS ?

Erim [ = Grim?]
Eel.-, see also

yEtard [^=Afjlanli'\.
yUftlgnr.

yj^rhtan or I'Jiehtitn. A^eluuerd or /Edeluiwurd.

A,ltrd. Aiinind[eg].

^8el.Fanael ? Efrard?] (York). Frard [= FreXic [= FroTiric ?]. Frogar (Bedford).

Fro^ric or Frederic (York).
GodeferlS.

Grim

(Bedford).

Afnl/

{Linuloti).

Gijtd, see C'ytel.

JiithJn'c {SoiitlKimpton).

Heremod.
Herewig. Heriger. Leofstan (Bedford).

Baldwiue (Bedford).
Jierenard. Biruer. Boi<;a or Boga (Bedford).

Leuinc [=
Lifiiic.

LifincV].

Briuninc [ = Bruuine]. Cuape[es]. Clac (Newark ?).

Litclman.

Manngdd

or

Maneod (South-

Copman.
Crin
. . .

ampton, "Winchester).

Cntel 0TCytc\ [=Gytel?].

Mann or Manna. Manolet.

Oswald.
Otic (Winchester).

Demence [DominiruK

V].

Deorulf [= purulf V] (York). Driuning.

J)tidema[n'].

Sedoman [= Sideman].
Uuferin
[

"Warin

?]

Dunn.
Duiiinc (Huntingdon). Eadmund (York). Eadulf. Eaenolf [= Ecnolf?]. Efrard.

Wilehert.

Wihig. Wul/gar. ])urmod (Yorh).

\)urfer^.

purulf

[cf.

Deorulf].

Description of Types.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Type

i.

Small
tion

cross pattee.

Around,
eircles.

iiiscrip-

Moneyer's name,
across
tield.

S:c.,

in

two

lines

between two

crosses, rosettes, pellets, &c., symmetrically arranged in

field
;

[Cf. ri.

XIII

1, 2.]

EADWIG.
Obverse.

lo7

Keverse.

Type

ii.

Small cross pattee. tion between two

Around, inscrip
circles.

MoiK-yor'd name, Av., in two line.s across field, divided by name of

mint crosses, rosettes, pellets, Sec, symmetrically arranged in field.

;

[Cf. PI.

XII. 8-13.]

Type

iii.

Small cross pattee. tion between two

Around,
circles.

in.scrip-

Moneyer's name between two lines

across
rosette.
field.

Above and below,

[Cf. ri. XIII. 3.]

Type
Small cross pattee. Around, tion between two circles.
inscrip-

iv.

Moneyer's name
field,
;

iu one line across divided by mitre-shaped ornament below, T

[Cf. PI. XIII. 4.]

Type
Small
cross patti'e.

V.

Around, inscrip-

Small
two

tion between two circles.

cross pattee. tion {Moneyer's

circles.

Around, inscripname, Ac.) between

[Lindsay,

'

Coinage of the Ileptaicby,'

PI. 5, 115.]

Type
Bust,

vi.

crowned. tion between two

r.,

Around, inscripcircles,

Small
tion

divided by

cross pattee. (Moni'yir's

Amund,

inscrip-

name, &c., awl

bust.

Mint)

b'twi'en tiro rircli's.

[Rud.

PI. 20.

1]

ins

WK8HKX.

DEscjuirrioN of Coins.

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Moneyer.

Series A.

With Nami: ok Mint.

BEDANFORD.
[B.xlfunl.]
Ti/pe

i<EADVVIL RE-.-^

BALD
BE-i^DA PINEWt.
[ri.
23-3.

Baldwine.

xir.

8.]

^EADVVIC

REX":--

BOIDA
i^BE^'DA't

Boiga.

MONETA
Wt.
22-2.

i-EADVVlG REX O

FRODBE-^DA CAR M
Wt. 150.

FroSgar.

^EADVVID.-.RE-

CRin.
BE'l'DA

Grim.

MON"E
Wt.
20-5.

^ETXD.VVIG

REX

LEOFS BE^DA
T7\lhMO
Wt.
18-2.

Leofstan.

EOFERPIC.
[York.]

Type

ii.

iEADVVIQE

RE

DEOR
03^N^0

Deorulf (cf. purulQ.

VLFM
Wt.
[PI.
22-3.

XII.

9.]

EADWIG.

159

No.

Hid

WESSEX,
ObveiM.
Reverae.

No.

MoDeyer.

NEPE.
[Newark*
Type
1:5
ii.

?]

4-ESDVVIC

RE-I-

CLAC
^IIE'l-PE

Cliic.

MONE
Wt. 14 [PL XII.
12.]
2.

PINCEASTRE.
[Winchester.]

Type

ii.

^ESDVVID REX

MANN

Manogod.

DODMO
Wt.
[PI.

23-5.

XII. 13.]

Series B.

Without Name of
Type.
i.

JIint.

15

^EADPIC REX

/ELFRED

iElfred.

T'or. Ill field,

^ ^ EXM0N
J<

Wt. 21S.

[PL XIII.

1.]

IG

^EADPIL REX

/ESEVV"T* r' "r"

.Sscuulf.

LFM-QWt. 180.

17

4EADVVI RE

ADEL
VVERD
Wt.
20-7.

AiSeluiierd.

18

tETXDVVIL RE>i

BOr^A-

Boiga.

MOIETA
Wt. 13
In Korthamptonsbire.
0.

EADWIG.
No.
Obverse.

IGl

I'evcTso.

Sloneycr.

19

'i'EADVVI RE-i*

BRIVl/IIHC

Briuninc
(

= Bruniiic).

Wt. 22
[PI. XIII. 2.]

4.

20

^ETXDVVIL REX

CYTEL

^ "^ 4* MONE
Wt. 207.

21

i-EADPIC

REX
field,

DVNN
M.

Var. In

EXm^ON
Wt.
18-8.

^ "^

"^

22

IEADVVr RE^

E7SEH

23

^EADVV[I]D REX

24

I<EADVVID

REX

25

i<EADVVIC R-E^-.-

2G

{"EADWIG

REX.-.

27

't'EADPIL REX'

\{\'2

163

KINGDOM OF ENGLAND.
EADGAE.
King of ^Mercia ad. 957
;

of all E.ngl.\nd
Moneyers.

a.d.

059

died ad. 975.

Adelavor or
Adelgiir or

Ai*.elaver.
yl^fichjar.

Britfer?! or Brihl/,r^.

Adelwold Aden.
.iElfnocS

= JEielu-uhl]

(London).

Bruninc {Xonrir'h). Byrhfir^ [ = BemrerS

(Maldott). Bi/rhtric (Lymne).

or

Brihti\r'!S']

iElfgar (Thetford). iLondun, Wiuchelsta).

Chester, Exeter, Staffonl Wilton, Winchester). JElfstan or Elfstau (Chester, Derby, Exeter). .ffiscmau {Chester, Exeter, Lincoln, Stamford).
iEsculf.

or Elfrod. .iElfsigo (Ik'dford,

Alfred

Byrhticold (Shdj'teshury). Capelin.

Careen [^FarScn?] or Corbel m.

Cna])a (Stamford). Colenard.
Cohjrini.

Copman.

Cylm? (Southampton).
Cynsige (Ch ichmttr). Dcniencc [Doniinipu.s].

^tfer^.
JE'tielaver or

Adelaver.

JEtelbrand.

^ielgar

jSa&elfer^ (Ilchester). or Adelgar.

Deorlaf [ = D(.'orulf ?] (Chester). Deorulf (Tempsford ?). Dodnor^.

iETielred (London). ^(Selsie or J]]^elsige (Bath, London), j^'fielstan (Canterlnnj, Lymne). JE^ehcecird.

Dudeman or Dudsemon. Dun (York).

Durand.

Eadmcr
Eadtil/.

(Southamjiton).

Eadniund (Chester).

^iehviiie (^Oxford). uE^elwold or Adelwold (London). ^<5ercd (London).

Albart ? (^Cambridge). Albutic.

Eadwino (Wilton).
Ealfsigc.

Eiinnd.
l\,iim\\{

(Lincohi).

Aldcwine.
Alfer^.

Eat.'^tan

[=Eadstan
.Elfrcd.

?] (WinHio.'ilcr).

Khd'ti.
J-:ilr.d or

Andreas. AsferS.

Elfstau.

Azjua

? (Linroln). A?cl.-, see Adol.-,

Elfwald.

and /E8cl.-

Elf.-, see also iElf.-

A^ulf (London). Baldric {Bid ford, Snuthumpfo)}).

Baldwin. Benedict U.S.
Beorhtric {]\'allinriford). Berenard.
Bernfer<5.

Eoferard.

Eofcrmund.
Eoferulf (Tem|)sford
?).

EoroS (Chester).
Erronhald (Xoririrh).
Eifern. Ei^ehn. p]Scluine.
Ei^el.-, see also

Birgstan.

Boga,

Bofjea, Boign, Sec, see also Fiis-

/E?il

tolf

(Canterbury,

Chi-strr,

Wilton).

Farni;in

M 2

IfU
Ffti^on or Far^ine
FftHti.ll'(V('rk).
[

ENGLAND.
= CarScn ?].
Mnnna, Manan, Manne,
V.irk).

&c. (LeiceHer,

FftHlnlf mill Uuigft. Fivstolf imil Odii.

^[iinmil or

Mmitnt (Southampton).

iSIanlieon.

Fastolf a 11(1 Ihifn.

Fiddimn.
FKidf^cr
F(>r'^<l(ir
((

'hostor).

FoU'iiitrd (Nonrich).

Marcer. MarHcalo or Mursrenle (Winchcbter). Mertin [=Mii'rtin]. IMorgna [=M()rena?].

Niiniin, see

{Jiid/onl).

Manna.

FnoSric

or

Fro^ric

[=Frcic?]

(Clii'stcr).

Noriberd (Norwich). Oda, see Fa.stolf.

Fiot^i('[os] or

Frc*icin (Derby).
Gyllis,

Fri/'^mu>i<l. Giilus, Gillys,

Oeeman [ = Otjernan ?]. Ogca (Norwich, Stamford).

Ogt'imm. dsferi. Oslac or Oslaf (Norwich).

&c.

(Chester,

llrrcfonl).

GiJm, Grid.

see

Cylm.

Osmnnd.
Osulf (Derby).

Grim (Bed Cord).

Guunulf (Yorl-y

Oswald.
OUlriht.

Guuund.
Hacuir. Hcrcbert.

Pirim ? see Wirim. Badstan.

Jia'gemdf, &c. (Winehester). Rafn, see Fastolf. liegenold ( Winchester). Eiecolf or Ricolf.

Ui

rc/erf).

Hercman.

Heromod
Hi'rijror.

(Wallingford).

Iicrolf(roj-/0. HihJe.
Jlilttrine

Saydtine [=Saduting?]. or Sedeman, Sidcman,

(Rochester). Sexhyrht (Lewes).
Siferb.

Sydeman

(London).

Hiugolf or Ingolf. Himbcin or Unbein.

Ingelberd.
Inficlhn'rg or Ingehics.

Ingolf or Hingolf.
IngolfcrS. lohan, see luhan.
loles.

Styrcar (Leicester). Tuma (York). Unliein or Hunhein.

Iscmbert.

Wiferd [ = WiufcrS Uuilsig or Wihig. Wihfsige (see Wynsige). Wilsig or Uuilsig.

ITuifer'8 or

?].

Wine.

luban [=Iohun] (Exeter).

Ivc.

Lecfert. Lcfinc, Leofinc, Lyfmc,

See.

(Ipswich').

Lenna.
Leoffjdr (Dover).

Winemes. AVinenr [ = '\Vinern]. Wirim ? (Huntingdon). Wode. Wnlfbald (Bath).

I.eofhelm.

TAofnil[=Leofhelm?].
J.tn/ric.

Wulfgar or Wulgar (Stamford). Wuifmaer. Wuifred (Oxford).

TI7?-

Leofsigc (Oxford, Southampton,

ion).

Wui/rir (York). Wull'stan or Widstan (Leicester, Walling/ord).

Leofirine (Tempsford?). Liofirold ( Wilton).

Wynsige

or Wihtsige Winchester).

(Gloucester,

Levig

AVyiistan or
chester).

Wunstan

(Totncss,

Win-

Liofstan (Bedford).

Lowman.
Ma'find ( Winrhe-':ter). Ma^lsiu^an (Chester). JIan (Tempsford ?, Winchester).

peodgar (Lewes).
\?inern

[=

Winern'].

purfei-t;.

purmod
\?urstnn.

(Chester).

Maning.

EADOAR.
Desciui'tiox Of Types.

I(j5

Obver-^e.

Kevcrse.

Type
Small cross patt(?o. tion between two

i.

Around, inscripcircles.

Moneyer's
patte'es
;

name,

&c.,
l>y

in

two lines

across field, divided of dots

JL,

three crus.-es above and below, triangle

T"

^
'T'

j.^ r

[Cf. ri.

XIV.

1.]

Type

i.

var. a.

Same.

Similar

ornam<nts varitd

4*

"t*

"i*

[Kud.. ri. 28,

2,]

Type

i.

var.

b.

I-

Suiuo.
{

Similar: oru;uneut.s varieil

"i*

"i"
,

"t*

[Cf. ri.

XIV.
i.

2.]

Type

vur.

c.

Sujue.

Similar; ornaments varied

"t*

r'

4*

[Cf.

n. XIV.
i.

3.]

Type

var. d.

Same.

Similar: ornaments varied

"t"

[Cf.

ri.

XIV.

1.]

KKi

ENGLAND.

Obverse.

Revene.

Tyiie

i.

vnr.

e.

Stiim-.

Siiiiiliir

ornauienlw varitJ

O O O

[L'i'.

I'l.

XIV.
i.

5.]

Type

var.f.

Similar

riKsette

of

d(it.i

in centre.

Similar

ornaments varied

.*:

::

::

[Cf. ri,

XIV. C]
i.

Type

var. g.

Same.

'

Similar

ornaments varied

[Cf. PI.

XIY.

7.]

Type
Small cross patt<5e. Around, inscription between two circles.

ii.

IVIoiieyer's

name,

&c.,

across field, between

in two lines which name of

mint

ornaments
field

symmetrically

arranged in

O
[Cf. ri, XIII.

^ O

10

&

12.]

Type
Small cross patte'c. Around, tion between two circles.
in-'cripI

iii.

Small cross patte'c. Around, tion between two circles.

iuscrip-

[Cf. PI. XIII. 5.]

Type
Eosette of dots.

iv.

Around, inscription
[Cf. PI.

Kosetto of dots.

Around, inscription

between two

circles.

between two
XIII.
6.]

circles.

Type

V.

Bust r., crowned. Around, inscription on betweeu two circles, divided bv bust. ist.

I I

Small cross pattc'e. Si tion between two

Around, inscripcircles.

[Cf. PI. XIII. 8-0.]

EADGAR.

167

Obverse.

Eevcree.

Type
Saiuo.

V. var.

a*
:

Similar

four crosses pattccs arranged

around central ono.

[Hud., ri. 20,

4.]

Type

V. var. b.

name.

Similar: three pclhls and cross paltee arranged around central crvsg
patt^e.

[Rud., PI. 28,

1.]

Type

vi.

Bust

diademed. tion between two

1.,

Around,
circles.

inscrip-

Small
tion

cross pattt'e.

Around,
circles.

intcrip-

between two

[Cf. ri. XIII. 7,

&

13.]

The specimeus

of tbe type (Nos. 37

&

211) in the National Collection are too imperfect for

illUBtratiou.

108

ENGLAND.

De8(-UI1'TI0N of Coins.

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Moneycr.

Sebie.'j

a.

With Name of Mint.

BAOAN.
[Bath.]

Type

iii.

+EADCAR REX ANLLORVM

^:/E)ELSILE

MO BACA
EIFI

^elsige.

Wt.
[PI. XIII. 5.]

21-8.

BEDANFORD.
[Bedford.]

Type
2

V.
I

i>EADCAR

REX

i'/ELFSIL

MONETA BE

^Ifsige.

Var. Small cross pattee above central one.

(Broken.)

'i'EADC,

HhLI

TA BE
(Fragment.)

Liofstan

Type

vi.

IEADDAR

REX ANCLCWl +LRIM

I

IVJ-Q

BEDAFO
(Pierced.)

Grim.

C/ENTFARABYRIG

or

CANTPARABYRIG.

[Canterbury.]

Tijpc vi.

^EADLAR REX
ANCLCnX

I^BOCA

M~0 C/ETPARA
Wt. 23
5.

Boga
(or Boiga).

EADOAR.
No.

i(jy

170

EN(JLANI).

No.

E.VDUAl!.

171

No.

172

ENGLAND.

No.

EADGAR.
No.

173

171
Obvcmc.

KN(iI.A\h.

No.

Reverse.

M<ineycr.

4(i

HhEADCAR RE

EOFR
OT'J-EO

Eofcriilf?

LFNO
(Cliippcd.)

47

t>

MOl/l

Man.

OT'I-EO

HAM
Wt.
23-4.

PELEGAFORD

ou

PELIGAFORD.

[Wallingford.]

Type
4S

iii.

iEADLAR REX

I-HEREMOD MO
PELEL-AFOR-.Wt. 230.

Heremod.

ANLLORVM

FILTUNE.
[Wilton.]

Ti/jy; vi.

49

I-EADCAR REX ArCLOix ^/ELFXILE

i

MO

FILTV

^Ifsige.

(rierccd.)

50

^-EADPINE M-O FILTVNAVt.

Eadwine.

250.

[ri. XIII.

i:l]

PINCELSEA.
[Wincliclsea.]

Type
51

vi.

^EADDAR REX ANCLOPC ^/ELFNOO M~0

^lfno.

FEfCLES
Wt. 24-4

EADfJAR.

17.'

No.

17G

ENOLANI).

No.

EADGAR.
Kcvcrse.

Moneyer.

C8

I<E-7^-DC-AR

RE

/EDEL

^Selsio
(

= iEel.

ZIEHO
Wt. 181.

sige).

69

^EADCAR RE

/EOEL

ZIENO
Wt. 17
0.

70

i'ET^DCTXR

RE^

ALBy-

Albutic.

T T" T TEMO
Wt. 15
5.

71

iE-A-DD7\R

REw

ALBV
4<

4^

^
Wt.
18-5.

TENO
ALBV

72

iE7XDC-7^-R RE>i

TEHO
Wt. 190.

73

J^EADCAR REI

A$FER

AeforiS.

^ ^ ^
anoNWt.
11 G.

74

"i^ERDLAR

R-E-I^

A$FER
"t"

J"

CMON-

^
Wt. 20
1.

75

i-EADDSR REXt

BENE
oiht:Wt. 210.

Bcncdictus.

7G

I-ESDCAR- REX
Var.

BERN
Hh
*I^ *i"

BcriiferS.

In

ikM

FERO
Wt. 20
2.

178
No.

ENGLAND.
ObvpiTic.

Reverse.

Moncyor.

77

4ESDLSR

RE-h

BIRII
'i'

.-.

Uncertain.

"h "b
\Vt. 18 5.

VllllO

78

tEADL7\R

RE^

BRIT
*^ -^ *^

Britfer.

FERO
Wt. 190.

79

HhET^DG-TX-R RE^t

CAPE

Capelin.

.J^

"i^

LINO
Wt.
16-7.

80

tET^DC-TXR

REI<

CARD
Eiimo
Wt.
22-3.

Careen (=Far8tn?).

81

^EADLT^R RE'tO

CNAP
'i*
*i*

Cnapa.

*i*

em5i(Chipped.)

82

riE^

CNAP

^ ^ ^
EMOI

83

RE^^

84

^'EZfDCTSR IJEX)

85

^EADLAR

REX^

EADGAR.
No.

179

180

ENGLAND.
Obverse.
Reverse.

No.

Moneycr.

95

4E7\D[L-7\r

r-E'i'

criD

MOUE
[PI.

XIV.

1.]

9G

ii^EADLAR RE

97

98

EADGAR.
No.

181

182

EADGAR.
No.

183

184

ENGLAND.

N...

EADGAR.
No.

185

18G

ENGLAND.
Obvorne.

No.

Moncycr.

150

^EADGAR RE

ALDE

>!-

PINEM
Wt.
23-4.

151

RE4^

EAD

Eadmund.

Q
XIV.

'i'

Q
\Vt.

MVl/ID
200.

[PI.

4.]

152

RE

EAD !- O NYN
Wt.
19-8.

153

>

EALF O O
!-

Ealfsige.

SILE
Wt.
21-2.

154

REX

EALFS
1

GEM

'i'S>

Wt.

20-9.

155

^EADC[A]R RE

EO[R]

Eoro<5.

OCM
(Broken.)

156

^EADCARE^

4-0
BRIE
Wt.
22-2.

FREO

FreoXrio.

157

^EADCARE

GIL

Gillva.

O "^ O LYS
Wt. 22
9.

EADGAR.
No.

187

188

ENGLAND.
OliVITHO.

Monoyer.

Type
ICG

i.

var. g. J,

HhEADCAR RE

/EER

iEXcred.

EDM~0
Wt.
[PI.
19-8.

XIV.

7.]

Type
1G7

iii.

I-EADCAR REX

Tl

1<DVDEMV MOETll
Wt. 190.

Dudcuian.

168

t'EADCAn- REX-S

^DVRAND-E$
]'(tr.

MOT
.

Duraud.

In ficM,

Wt. 210.
169

J^EZtDC-AR-

REX ANCI

^DVRSNDIES MONETA
Var. In
field,
.*

Wt.

21-4.

170

J-EADDAR

REX

i<FA$T-0-LF M-O-N
(Chipped.)

Fastolf.

171

"^EADCAR! REX!

^F-A-$TOL-.-F

MON
Wt.
21-4.

172

I-ESDLSR- REX-.^E-A-DCAR REX -$

^EADLAR: REX)

^FSSTOLF MON
:

Wt.
173

20-2.

*F-A-STOL-F -J-MON
Wt.
20-2.

174

i^FASTOLF!

MOKE
Wt.
21-8.

175

iEADDARTRE-X ANCL

^FASTOLF! MONETA"
Var.

In field above and below

cross patte'e.

Wt.
176

20-3.

^EADCAR-

REX-.field.

^FASTOLF-.- HOI
Var. Pellet in
field.

Var. Pellet in

Wt.
177

20-7.

fEADQ-A-RREX"
^ESDGSR REX AC
I-EADLAR-.- REX-T-

'i'FSSTOLF >X< HOI

Wt.
21-8.

178

^FASTOL-F-.ES
(Broken.)

MOT
lS-2.

Wt.

179

i'FAXTOLF ) ES

MOT

Wt. 240.

EADGAR.
No.
Obverse.
Reverse.

189

Moneyer.

180

i<ESDCSn-.-

REX-S-

'i'F^rSTOLF^ ES

MO
22-2.

Wt.
181

^ESDLAR

REX

L
[PI.

I-FS-STOLF- BOILA
^\
t.

Fasti ilf

and

19-5.

iluiga.

XIV.

8.]

182

^ESDDAR REX
i-ESDL-SR

^FSSTOLF-

BOIGTf
Wt. 20'4.

183

REX

4-FS5TOLF V OD-SWt.
211-9.

Fa.st(ilf

and

Oda
Fastolf and RaCn.

184

i^ETfDCAR- REX:
Var. In field,

i^FSSTOLF RSFN
Wt.
20-5.

185

^EADDAR REX ANGLO

-^FIODVAtJ

MONETA

Vi(r.

Cross puttee

G* Fioduan. Wt. 220.

in field.

18G

>i<E-A-DC-7X-R

RE
I

^GRID NONE't'
Wt.
19-7.

(iri.l.

187

^ESDCS-R: REX

"1-liEROLF A
\'iir.

MON:
in

Herolf.

IVlkt

one
18-i.

angle uf

cross.

Wt.
188

^ESDCSR-REX
1

4-HEROLF O MONEWt. 24
0.

189

^EADGAR REX^
i<EADGAR-.-

^HEROLF! MONE
Wt.
20-4.

190

REX
field.
I

MIEROLF: MONET
Wt.
21-4.

Var. Pellet in

191

i<EZ[DGAR: REX
"i-EADGSR- R-EX
T\

^HEROLF) MONE-TWt.
21-2.

192

MIEROLF^'ES MOT
Wt.
20-7.

193

^ESDGSR- REX

Wt. 22
191

2.

i-EXCDGAR REX AK.

iEADGAR RE'i MT-

^IG0LFERDE5 MOT
Wt.
18-8.

Ingulfcr}S.

195

^LEOFNEL M0NET
Wt.
18-2.

LcofLelm

19G

HhESDGSR) REX SrC

I'LEOFINCiEJ MOTWt.
19-6.

I^oofinc.

This may be the initial of a mint, Gifelceaster or Uliioswic. does not occur on the cuina^^e of any Bub8C<iueut reign.

The nioncycr'a name Fiwluan

190

ENGLAND.
Obverse.

No.

Kevcme.

Moneycr.

11)7

't'ESDLAR) REX Tl

I-PVLFTAH MOI/IET
Wt. 20
7.

Wulfbtan.

Type
198

iv.

^EADCAR REX TO
"l^EADGAREX

^/ELFSICE MOl/IE
Wt. 21S.

JEUa'igc.

199

TO
[Pi.

4^ALDEYYIHE
Wt.
20-9.

Aldewinc.

XIV.

9.]

200

-i-EADDAR

REX TOD
REX TO BR
RE't-

i-EADMYND MOH
Wt.
20-7.

Eadmund.

201

iEADLAR

i-ELFSTAN MONETA
Wt.
17-4.

Elfatan.

202

t'EADCAR
"i-EADCAR

iYYIUIC

MOT
Wt.
22-9.

Uuilsig.

203

REX TOD

+)VRMOD MONET
Wt.
20-5.

purmod.

201

RE^ T

+)VRMD

MOm
Wt.
21-9.

Type
205

V.

ADLAR REX

"i^BAL

IN

MONETA
Ill field, ..

Baldwin.

Var.

(Fragment.)

20G

-i-EADDAR RE4-

i<BRVNINC
[n. XIV.
10.]

mONETAE
(Chiiiped.)

Bruninc.

207

REX
i^EADCAR

^COLENARD mONET
Wt.
22-5.

Ci>lcnard.

208

REX
RE

-i-LIOFSTAN

MONETAI
(Chipped.)

Liofbtan.

209

"t-NANTIEEN

MONETA
Wt.
22-2.

Manticen.

210

^EADCAR- RE^

iSAYDTINE ^rmONV
Wt.
22-8.

Saydtine ? (Saduting?)

Type
211

V. i<Tr. a.
I

^EADCAR [REX]

"fBIRLSCTAN MO]NI
(Fragment.)

Birg&tan.

191

EADWEARD
(The M.vutyh.;
Sccc. A.D. 975;

II.

McRD.

a.d. 979.

MoTieyerB*
Adelnver.
iElfstiin or Elfstan (Bedford,

Canter-

Hild (Stamford). Huitan.

Indolf or Ingolf.

^Ifwald

bury). or Elfwald (Stamford).

lohan (Extltr).
Isulf.

JElfweard or Alfweard.

iEscman or Escman (Stamford).

.^Sflred or jEiered (London). JE^ehtan, yE^cstan, or JEtstan
(Lyuine).

Knapa,

see Ciutjui.
[cf.

Lacer or Sacur
Leficold.

Wacer^ (Stamford).

Leafen or Leo/rne (Ipsicich).

JE^elmild or Atelwold (Jjondon).

Alhstan.

Levig

= Lifing?]

(Lincoln).

A^dirold,
liuldic
[

see

.E^ehmld.
(Bedford).

Mxhuien. Mana, Manna,

3Iannic.

&c. {Tamicurth).

= Baldric]

Beaniene (York). Bemene, Bermene, &c.

Beola.

Mantut (Soulhnini)ton). Megered ( H^inchesttr).

Melsdon.

Boga,

Boiga, &c. (Canterhnrij, Chester, London, Stamford). Brantinc {Norwich). Brilitfer (Bath). Biirhstnn or Burnstan (Gloucester). Cnapa or Cnape (Stamford). Cvlgrim.
Boia,

Nancrcnt [=Haacreut?J (Southampton).

Oda.

Ogea ? (Stamford).
Oia, see Boia. Osniaer (Wartcich). Osulf (Derby). Ostadd (Southmnplon). Biegenulf ( Winchester). Rodbert. Saccr, see Lacer. Sehyhyryht or Sthxburht. Styrgar. Surclos, Sumlos, &c. (York).
Sinjrclinc.

Culm. Cyne?
Deorulf.

Dun

(York).

Ifunic.

Eadnof> (Southompton). Eadtcine (Wilton).

Eanulf (LiucoLo). Eanute?

Elf.- see iElf.-

Escmaii,

see

/Escman.

Tunulf (Buclingham). J^ulfnd ur Will/ml. Uuiijnr, see WullVar.

(LuffWilli r [cf.

ESehn

or

Eelii
?).

[=.E?elm?]

Lacer] (Stuuijurd).

wick
Fastolf.

Wigl'irf:
AViiit!<ige or

Facer, see Lacer.

Wynsipo

(^Vincboater).

Wilebeart

(Ii)s\vicb).

Grim

Glonmilf? (Stamford).
Oiinnidd.

Wine

Grind (Linculn).
Hat'irrim (Lincoln).

(Cuntirhnri/, Lvmne, Stnmford). ^VullVar or WiilC'iir (Stamford). AVulfm.vr (Il.rtfnrd). Wulfi't'iii or Wulntau (Stamford, Win'rhisii /).

Ilancrent, see Nancrcnt.

Wynsigc (Wiuchcster).
\?eudgitr.

Jlangrim.

The names of moneycrs without mints attached to tliem are rlilefly taken from Ihnlinn's As tliat writer (fives the list of moneyers separate from that of the mints, it hut l>en imposslhle to ronm-ct the former with the latter. The mints piven by Uu.llnK ami not rrpntkntrd
*
list.

iu the above

list,

are C'uuibriJge. Lewes, Lydl'ora, O.\ford, St.

Ldmuudsbury, aud Ihetford.

102

ENGLAND.
DEscniPTioN OP TypEs.
Obverso.
Roverec.

T>,pe
IJusI,
1.,

i.

dindcracd.

Around,
circles.

inbcrip-

tion

betwoin two

Small cross patte'e. Around, inscription between two circles.

11- IG.]

[Cf. PI.

XIV.
ii.

Type
lind
r.,

(liaflrmed.

Around, inscrip-

Hand

of Providence, pointing down-

iiuH bdicetn tivo circles.

u-itrdx,

between A 10. Around, inscription between two circles.

[:Montagu Coll.]

EADWEARD
No.

II.

103

194

ENGLAND.
Rpvprnc.

Moneycr.

HAMTUNE.
[SuutUitmpton.]

Type

i.

^^EADPEARG

R4*

il/lAI/lEREI/IT

HAUI
AVt.

AH EL

214.

or

Xancrcnt Hancrent

HEORTFORD.
[Hertford.]

Type
10

i.

4<EADPEARD REX
ArCLO

"tPVLFM/ER M"0 IIERT

Wt. 20-6

Wulfmaer.

LIMENE.
[Lymnc]
Type
11

i.

-^EADFEARD REX
ANCLCOX

^-/EOESTSN M"0 LIMENWt.

20-2.

jE^cstan
(^:elatan).

12
[PI.

^PINE M"0 LIMENEWt.

22-5.

Wine.

XIV.

13.]

LINCOLNE.
[Lincoln.]

Type
13

i.

1<E7\DVV7\RD E>p

iE7XNVrb

AHLL

M- LINDCOL
Wt.
23-7.

Eanulf.

14

riE.^

tCRIND N"0
Wt. 22
2.

Grind.

7\NGL0
15

^EAD>EAR

E^i-

iHAFCRIM N"0 LlhCOL Hafgrim.

Wt. 22 7

ANDLCnX

EADWEARD
Obverse.

II.

U5

M'jncyer.

16

i*E7\DVV7\RD

RE^ NQf ^LEVD N"0 LINDOLNE

NVt. -210.

Lcvig
(

= Lifiiig?).

17

^EADFEARE'i-

Al/ILLCnX -^LEVIC
I

H^O LUDCOL-.\Vt.

2J

0.

[PI.

XIV.

14.]

18

^EADVVARD RE4NCLCnX

ThrEVIC

N'O
LINDCOL-.Wi.-JIT.

LUNDENE.
[Luuduii.]

Tyite

i.

19

"i-EADPEARD REX
ANILOVC

i'/EOELRED M^O LVN

Wt. 240.

^'E!'clr'<l.

LVVEIC.
[LuflFwick?*].

Type
20

i.

IEADPEARD REX

ANCLCW

i^EOELN MTO LVVEIC

15.]

E?cln
.

= iE?elm?).

Wt. 207.

[n. XIV.

STANFORD.
[Stamford.]

T,jp.'

i.

21

i-EADPEARD REX Ar^LCW

i/ELFP'ALD

MO
STANFORWt.
-jin;.

.ElfwftUl.

22

^EADFARD REX
AMILOVC

4</EXCMAN

MO
XTANFWt.
11)3.

-Esomftn or
K.soinnn.

23

i<EAD>ARD REX

hHL\-~\
I

i<ESCMAN
16.]

MO
STANFWt. 213.

[PI.

XIV.

In Kortharoptonsblre.

o 2

1%
No,

ENGLAND.

1^'"

^THELRiED
Sccc. A.D. 979; vev.
a. p.

II,

loi:!;

hkst. a.d. luli; dikd a.d. RUG.

Moneyers.

AbnXorb (York).
JRad-, xee Ead-.

AJ^rtl., .Ewtli, Sec. (L^md.).

^dwino,
JKjlrhh

Kee

Eudwine.

JEfic {Shrews.').
(SJiretc^.).

JEfiflric (Bath, Shaft.).

JEmririg (Stanif.). ^?ulpar (Shaft., WiuchcHt.). JEfelm (Chirk.). ^?Llni:ur or Efrhn/vr (Line., Oxf., .S/(.///., Ware).

Doul.,

JEijthcine {Loud.). JE'qenulf (Loml, Sdif.). jElewine or Eluwinc [= ^Elfwine] (Chest.). JLlfceM [= Ulfcefcl] (Derhij, Tbeff.).

JEfflman (Haric). -ESelnoS or Eielno^ (Line, Southamp.). .ESelric (Bath,

Oxf.,
Ilrh.,

Shaft.,

Lond., Milton, 'Wareh., Wane,

Crirhl,

^ifehn

(Bardu., Winrh> :(.).

Alfijnr, &c.

Jlrh.,

Winchel,
Leiceit,

Wore). JEfchigr (Bath,

Southain/i.).

Lond.,

-lElfpar,

(Aylfsb.,

liond.,

Stmnf.,

Tamw.,

Wareh.,

Wincht'l., Wincht'd.).

^Selstan (Hunt.. Winrhr^t). ^?el\verd, &e. (Harie, Utrti'., Lond

Siulh.).

Mfged,

JElfgef, Elfyft, &c. (Here/., Lond., SoiiUunnp., Stum/.). .Sn/lieiih, /Elfcdh, \'c. (Hoch., Shreirg.,
Winchfitt.).

jEiehn.

= .Efelwiii

or

-Eyelwrini]

JElfmur

(Ej-tt., Orf., WuUlncff.).

JEilno, Elfno's, itc. {AxminM., Chost., Exct., Hunt., Leurn, Lond., Sididj.,
Siull..).

(Hrrrf, Lond., Skaft.). .Ef el trig {Jfvref., Leie, Skaft., Wore). jEJelwiiieor ESelwine (Crirhl., Heref., Line, Lond., Mahl., None, Oxf.,
liomn., Slanjf., Winrktiit.). .E^^ibrod [ = .Eftltcold ? j ( Lond., Tlietf. ). ^Efthrold, A^elwold, &c. (Lond.,
Thetf.).

^Ifric (Until,

JElfrcd (('aid., HiiM.). Cambr., Exrt.,

Hunt.,

/>'/o.,L/((Z.,Xurw.,Soutliw.,Sudb.,

JE^ehnjrd

W'dlinqf.). JEUryi or JElfnfi (Cant., Lond). ^Ifsifio (Burdn., Ilrh., Line, Lond., \Varcli.. 117//., Winchf'st.). ^Ifstan, Elfstan, Ac. (Bedf., Chest.,
tlxct.,ir(

n f'..Li<i\i\..Lydf'.,Shr(trK.,

.l>f/irt<ird?] (Stamf). [ yE?el.-, dec td*o E?el.vES^ered or /ESenjd (Lond., Lydf.). iEfestan or Efentan [= ..E^eLstan] (Bath. Bedf., Bndqn., Chirh., Crirhl., Ex.t., Hunt., )>../.</., Lydf., Lymnr, Shaft., Stanif; Wunr.,
.

Totn., UVhV/k.s/., Yiirh).' JElfmdd or .'Elfwuld [- aho Alfwold] (Lond., Stiunf., Tlietf.). .ffilfwcard or ..Elfweid \_ee tdso Alf-

Win<lic.-.t.).

Alri>iq, (Chi*!.).

Aldr'td (Loud).
Alf'iar, nc ..Elfijar.

nvn/]

(Brift.,

Lcwca,

Lond.,

Wallinpf., Wore). jElfiri. [ = yElfwig or .Elfwine ?] (B>df., Burl;., Cainhr., Chirk., L(>nd.,Sudb.,

WidUwjf.).
jElfn-ig or Elfirig(Camhr., Lrir., Lond.). .^ifwinc or Alfirinr. (Camhr., Cln'.t., Chirh., Colrh., Hir,f., Lond., Maid., Oxf, Shaft., South ic, Thrtf.).

JEJmair ( ]Vinch<t.). jEhrine [ = /Elfwine i'\ (Crichl). JErgrcd. ^Eacmaii (Line, Stamf).

Aitnld, *,, Alfwuld. All'i'taii. Alfftiau. Mi< .ElfHtnn. Aificrd [ = .Elt\V(ard] (Haft). Ailwald or AltV.il.l [= .Elfwold] (Bath., /.(.;../, Oxf.. Staf., Stamf., Slanw ii'k, Thrtf., Widiingf., Warm., Winrlo-t., Wore). Arnrytrl ( York). .{rn>or, Arnfur, Arfur, &c. Ai>r,t<l, Aorytel, A'c. ( York). Auril (Loud). Asewij; or E-wig (Stamf V Anftri ( York).

1!8
AfiiKin (Line).
Aitiiil [

KNCiLANI).
Bvrlilru)^,

Ac,

nre ncorbnoiS.

= /liir/7:']
.1

(hind.).

Jl'yrhtrcd

W'.nrhixt.).

Ai)lj\)r

!///( Yorlc).

JJyn.tri.' {
Siidl,.,

Bryhtrir'] (Exet., Sniilhw.,

Wallinijf.,

An'^rif' (.Vorir.)

'I'Im'iI'.,

Wanh.,

A?irllllf (Luli.l.)A?ol.-, see aim) Ai'iv\.-

Windi.st.).
Byrhliriiir,
HI
I'

lirlhl irini'.

JhihU,'.
n,,ihhil/.
Jtiil'iiit.

]{yrlilwold, -' Ilrihlmtld. Jtyri [= Byrnin'i'i^ {Southaniji.).

yrh). BuorlinocS, Ikrlitna*, Byrhlno^, &c. Winclicst.)(Sitilh flinriiiilf or lUnriiiilf {Hi itf., TjoikI.).
Jl.'ul.u,
(
,

lit rill iii;ir,

liiiUlm:ir,

lUjilitmnir,

&e.,

(Ui'l-rr, Lunil., Jtorh.,

H7r/,<'.s/.).

liyrnlmj [= Bruning?] {Suuthamp.). ('iirifj (Loud.). Carhi (Exet.). Ckicc {Lond.). Cinrir {Dunr, Norw.). (kiixi(ji', Ciimige, &c. (Dover). CculiioS, CiolnuS, or Ojlnu^ {Lund..
Sidb.).
C'ltel,
Ki'p.

H.Tlitnii* [=l{c()rlitn(.?i] (Windiest.)Jt, rhlirhir, linhiiriui', \c. ( Yiirh). llhhljir^ [s/c uJ^o Jh/rhtfir^'} {Loml). Jfiiliixiiji; Jiijrhtxiiji', ike. {Biiriln., Exit.,
Loiul., W'lirih., Warir., Bhicemnn {Ikrhij).
W'incheKl.).

Cylel.

Ci)tii { Wiiichext.).

Cltelhe [Cytel?] {Yorlc).

Clem

{Ciiinbr.).

Boga,

lioije,

Boitj;a,

&(;. (L'ant., Cliexf.,

Herir., Thd/.).

Line,

Loud.,

i>outhw.,

Boia

[=

}} lijra]

(Caut., Ihrtj'., Line,

Shim/., Wilt.).

Cynt [ = CnM<?] {Camhr.). [ = Colgrim ?] {Lxmi'i). Coldicine, we Goldwine. Coleman {Ox/.). Colgrim or (jolgrim (Line, York). Cristijin, Crintin, or CristUn {Stamf.).
Citit or

Coiyrim

Brnntinc

{Ipi<a:,

Xonc,

Soitthw.).

Cudi

{Exet.).

Jinstiui. lirdi rl {York).

Cuna,
Lond.,

Cunua,

or

Cynna

{Chich..

Brilitlaf or
Sii.lb.).

Bvrlitlaf (Hortf.,

Brihtnof', &c. [cf. BurlitnoX, &c.] (Lond.,

Siiiitliamp., Winrlii-xt., Yorlc).

Brildric

or

Bryhtric

(ll'are/t.,

Win-

chid.).
Brildiriiie,

Byrhtwine, &c.

(Ojrf., Totn.,

Yorh).
Brihtiriild or

Windiest.). Cynsige or Cunsige (Dover, Lond.). Cyid, [see also Cnif^ {Camhr.). Cytel {Exet., York). Cytlbern or Cytlern {Line.). Cytlrx 1= Cytlbern'^'] {Line.). Jhrul [ = Diendf, Deorulfi'\{Lond.). Daiitin[x] (Y(irk).| Deursiqe {Lund.).

Byrhtwold

(iojuZ., Sltaft.,

Deoruhg?

{Clint.).

Windiest.)-

Brumnn
Brtin or

(^Lond.).

Bruna

(Exet., Lydf.).
(Soiitliainp.).

Bruiirjiir (.S/ocifs.).

Bnininc or Bryiiinr

Diliun (Heref.). Diorenuin or Vyreman {Lond.). Direicine or Dyrewine {Tliet/.). Dirsi[ge '?] = Deorsige ?J {Lond.). Doda or Dodda {Dover, Totn.).
{_

Brun.-taii (Loud., AVindust.J.

Diidrig.

Bruutat (Line, Lund.). Bntnti^ ? Bryhtred ( Winchrt.).

Bryhtric, Burhxiiin
.s< *'

Duru-ine, [see also Direicine'] {Bed/.).

Dranting. Dreng (Line).

lirihtrir or Byrhtrio.

Dnulf

{Lund.).

= Bniustau

or

Byrhstun?]

(Winrhi-st.).

Bynic

(^Soiithdinp.).

Drhii-old IDrildiroldri {Land). Diida [.<rt Dud,,'] {Cant.. ]yinclted.). Dudel or Diohle {Exet.).

Byoija {Dover).

Du/ndm [ = Dy/nehn?]
(Bardn., Exet., Wdrn:, Windiest.).
.

{Chest.).

Byrhsige

= Byrnslije'}

L)un {Leic.).

Lond., ]yiirih., Byrhstiin or Bi/mstan {Kyivt., Heref.). Byrhtfer^ {E.rlt., Lond., Totn.). Byrhiidf, ee Bvrhtluf.

Duncild {Guild/.).

Duustau

{Chich., Exet., Guild/.).

Byrhtrfm

{l>iidh.).

Ditran [see Durtan] {Yorlc). Diirand or Durant {Wore). Durtiin [ = )?urstan ?] {York).

Byrhtio'S [Byrhtno'&] {liinii). Byrhtlaf, see Brihtlnf.

Byrhtmar,

fic

Bcrhtnmr.

Dyremun, sec Dioremun. Dyrewine {Tliet/.). DyrhtmnT.

^THELR.ED
Eadeafge
Eadf^ur
[

II.

199

= Ead8ip:e]
Eihbu

(Wimhest.).
Tliott".).

Eilofa-ine (Sotithw.).

Euililiit or
(f

(tjnul.. liach.).

ewes, Loud., Eadliij (Loud.).

Eddiitiur (Exit.). Eadnmiid or Edmund {Camhr., Colrh.,

Elolniht [= Ellbriht ?] (Stanif.). Elem<Hl [ = 7;/r/(oS or El/no's ?] (Cheit.). Elenof, [ = AV/oS?] (rh,-4., Lond.). Elewinc [ = Kitwinu ?J (Cliost., Ctilch.).
Elfij't (Lond.).
Ell.-, Sre also .Elf.-

Line, Lond., Norw., Sduthumi).).

EaduoS

(liridijn., Cliicli.,

Loud., lioch.,

Eoda

( \\'ullin(jj.).

Wincliixt., York).

Eodman

Eadric or Edric (Cambr., Chest., Exit.,

Lond., Taunt., Tlwt/., WullYork). Eadnioi [ = Eadno^?] (Land.). ii(i(Y/[;/ ?] {Dnnw., Lond.). Eadsig, Eadsige, Edsigo, &c. (Dover, Hast., Loud., Koch., tihnics., Winchcst.). Eadsme [ = Eudsige?] (Lond.). Eudiitan, Edstan,i>rii'a^s^(;i (Ashdoicn?,
I^isiv.,
in(jf.,

[lor CJodman ?]. Erowine (Derby, Thdf.).

Esrea (Stamf.). Erosiulf l=Erostuir}(York). EseiU'i (Limd.).

E-iwig, see Axewig. Eijrhitd (Exit.).
Eijrsifje

(Wareh.).

Efdrine [Efdicinc^ (Lond.).

E5el.- see also iESul.EiL'llan (York).
E.rrf'i n (J^inc). E.ts^ulf, see Eastulf.

Eadwacer

Bath, Exct., Lijuinc, York). or Edwunr (Xonc).

or

Eadwerd

Edwcrd
Lond.,

(Loud., Lijnine,

Farenian

\_

= Farman7']

(Line).
A:o.

Kocli., Thef/.).

Far man
Borh.,
^Y((;//.,

Eadiriov Edwi [cf. Eadwiiic and Edicni']

(licrtf.,

York). Fast..lf, Fastulf,

(

Fasulf,

(Tamic,

Sndh., Thitf.).

Eadwiiif, Jvlwiiic, &c. (Canihr., Coluli., Exd., Lond., yionc., Iloch., SontJiic,
atiiinf.,

Thitf, York). Fiielnii (Lijmne). Fierseih ? Folcard, Folcoard,

'i

iVo.

(Xnrw., Thttf).

Thet/., Toni.i,

H7/<.,

Win-

clicst ^

Frost iilf or Fros^nlf ( York). Frv?iniuiid (Winchcat.).

Fij'hdt.-e
( Thelf.). (iarlin (Linr.).

Eadwod = Eadirold.'] (Thctf.). Eadwdld or Ediculd (Caut.,

{_

Lond.,

M(dd., TIatf.).
Eahl<i(ir (Loud.).

Gandf (Wore).
(life (Line.).
Clioilivine, see

Ealdivd (Lond., Maid., Malm.). Ealhstan, Eahtan, kc. (Lond.). Earner (Line).

Godwino.

Eamnnd
East id/

(Jjind.).

Eardnoi (Lond.).

[= Fastulf] (Thdf.). Eidstan, see Eadstan. Er/eri (Lond.).

Edwinnc, see Eadwino. Edaf, see Eihif.

(Cadb., 7ij'./.,llch., Lond., Sudh.). Cioda or Godda (Chest., E.\et., Jedb., I.ond., l>vdf., Shaft., Totn., H ore). (Tddiog, Codi'ij, Arc. (Stanif.). Godifer^, Godferh or Godifry^ (Gidb.,
(I..d
Jjeices).

&c., Gmlleow, (iodolcof, (Stamf., Winrheh.). Godt-man or (iodnmii (Cant., Cridd.,

Gudihf,

Eda

(C<(mlir.).

Edidhriht (Line).

Edclm

(Lond.). Edtlrir(Lon<l.). Edi-red (Lond.).

Edid.-, see (dso JE^cl.-,

DiiVir, Glour., llanr., Umf., Letce*, Line., Lond., 'I'hdf., \Vini-hr.-,t.). (,'.../,) or (iodcro (Li.iid., Stamf.). diidrii or Godiiil. see Godll'g.

(Jodinc(L/V.,

b.\f.).

and

l'>ycl.-

(<( iniaii, see

Godcnmn.
Loud,

Edfecer-i (Yorh). Edric, see Eadric. Edsige, see Eadsige. Edstaii [= .ESestau?] (Hatli).

Godra (Lond.). (iodric (Ihdl'., liridqn., Camhr., Caul.,

Colrh., 'lorCK I|V-,w.,
/,(/.(/.,

Lijmni', Staff., Stawf., Sudh.).

Edword, see Eadwerd. Edwi, see Eadici.

Edwiij (Lond., TIatf., WaUiwjf.).

Godrii'o

Godu-ic

[ = (;o.i\vin<-] {Sidhunj). [ = (i'("/(/V?J (liiiar.).

Godwiuf

(Canilir., Cant., Coldi., Drrhij,

Edwino, see Eadwinr. Edwinei [ = Ed\vint;r'] (Hunt.). Kh(Minc l-Elfwinii] (Chest.). Eilaf or Eiloj[- Ecl<t/f\(\'nk).

Dover, Exrt., (Jlouc, /^wir, Liue,, Lond., Lijdf., liorh., Salish., Sid-

mes\

Sta'wi'., Siulb., Thitf., Tow Totn., W'm'xw. Will.. Wiuehest.).

i,

200
Cohi or
<;,,ll,i (

ENGLAND.
Ynil;).

Leiifnuin

{C'liisl., Ipitir.,

Line, Oxf.).

CohUInn

(LririH).

Jjeofmer {Norm.).

(ioldiis (SiiUhU., Will.)-

(CaiiL, (Joldwiiic ]V inchi'M .).

(li<hjiiiii, Htr Ciilf^rini.

Loud.,

Korli.,

Lenfmon Leo/mo^

(('lirM.).
[

L<-ofrio}5 ?] (7>>n/Z.].

<;riiii

<;iiiid

(Line, Loud., (Line).

Tliotf.).

Leo/n[oif]{llitnt.). Jjeo/iiod, Lcofno?i, LiofnolS, &c. (lied/., ('hint., ddmhr., Cdnt., Lcwei),
Ijond., Mdhn., Hlireicn.). Leafred. or Liofred{C(deh.. L(HuL,Sndli.).

(liiiKir, (tiinvr,

fn\ (Drrlnj). (iiiuhiriit {York).

Lcofric,

GuithofuY (lunhof{(:h<d.).
(iimni'(l{cdf.). (Iitin'tiiii ? (Lhif.).
Jlanrrt'iif, Mniini'iit,

Ihiver,

Lefric, lAofrir., &<;. (('ant., Ezel., Ilurd., Ilrh., Ijisii\, Line., Lund., Lyiniir, J^'orir., Koch.,

TnnuB.,
or XaniTcnt.

TlielJ'.,

'Wulliiujf.).

Leqfriiie, see Ijcofwinc.

Jliiniryttl,

>:ri'

Ariirijtil.

LeofrjiS (Lond.).

llvii\\u\( (Chirli.J. inu\..

Wiiirhrsf.).
Hereht'ilif,

South ir.^Sudh.,
&c.

Leolnigo {Omdir., Glouc,

Slireifs.,

llerebn-lit,

Ilcicliyrlit,

(Li'wcs). Hiviilf or Hcnnilf

//, ,r//- [

( ]]'i7irh('Kt.).

Ilch., Ipsw., Sonlhiunp.). Liofstnn, &c. (Aylesh., Cant., Lcofstan, Colrh., Jiisic, Ijeices, Loml., Xoric, llomn., Southump., Southw., Urtf'i,

= Hoa\vulfy]

iChich.).

York).
I.,enfsittiu {Exef..,

jrianii

>

Shrews., Windiest.).

JUIdnlfor Hildnlf (York).

Uihh'iq,' {B,dh).

Hundolf

or

llundulf

[=

Hildulf?]

Leofwig (Colcli.). Lcofwinc or Liofwinc {Bnth, Bed/., Chest., Dover, Lewes, Line, Lond.,
Mdld.,
Tiiniiv.,

(York).
Ifiiiicmtni (Tdtn.).

Mdlm.,
Tdiint.,

Nevir?,
Thilf.,

None,

Ilimni., iSoutlidmp.,

Stdnif., Sndb.,

IIuiKwini' {Ex(t., T)mr., Tulii., "Watch.). Hiiitiit [JIitni(i<i'} (Bardn.).

JIuniiia (Ihirdii.). JfitiiKt<ni {C'Duhr.). Jlicdi^mdii [Ifiridcmdn^ {Xoni\).

Walling/.,
Colrh.,

Wilt., Winrhrsf., York).

Leofwohl or Liofwold (Cant.,

Guild/., Lond., Sotitlutnip.,
Wilt., Winchest.).

Wane.

Umdamdii, Hwafenian,
{Ihrt'f.,
JA/.sv
(

or

Hwatmau

Leo/fefjn {Thef/.).
Jjeortuin, see

Norw.).

Leo/man.

Wiinr.).

Leoivsige, see Lcofsige.

Ijeva, see I^efa. Lifinc, Lifiiig, T^efing, Leofiuc, Lufinc, Lyrinc, &c. {Bed/., Cant., Ijjsir.,

Ingelrie (Wincbcst.). Iru, Ire, Irra, &c. (York).

Jiti'ijd

(Hdtic.).

Imjod, Isgod, or Jncitqad (Exct.).

Jiifiiic [

Line, Lond.,

None, Southamp.,

Jiilsfdit

= Lufini'] W'lirr..). [ = lus(a>t ?] {Line),

(

luxtiiii {I^iiic.y
Ki/iiKi'ije, see l3yn.sigc. La?of.-, see Leof.-

Stam/., TT'((/ir.). Lind {Lond.). Lineri [= Lio/rir'], see Leofric. Liof.- see Leof.-

jM/e
I..cta,

[of.

Lefa] (iMml). Lera, Leo/d, <tv. (Hast., Lcwcs).

liCf.-, see (dso

Lefinc, Looiinf, see Litinc. Lcof.[

Litman, see Lytclman. IJvegod or Liu/god {Lond., Stdm/.). Living or Liwing {Lond., None.). Luda, Ludia, or Luddn (Exct.).

Lu/d
{Letuj

\c/.

Lefa]

{Slui/t.).

Leifwiue
"

Leofwiuc

?]

Linnar {Here/.).
Ljye/ea or lAjva [of. l.iyfinc, see Lifinc.

Line.?). Lei/foTt)? (Of/ord?).

Lefa] {Hast.).

Leofa^lm [= Lcoflielm?] (Shrews.). Leo/ddg (Stamf.).

Leiifijar {Here}'.).

Leo/ij't {Mdhii.). Leo/ijnil ((V/VA7., Soutlidnip.,

Wore).

^^'/./>';/'' [-Lnfsige?] {Dover). Lytchuan, Lyfeman, or I^itmnn (Ipsw.). Mxrtin or Murtin {Shreics., Wore). Mdn or Miinn {Wtdlinnf., Wore). Miinn or Manna (E.xct., Line, Bornn.,

Leotlit'lm (Slirews.). Lecfhese, Lenfhyse, or Leofhuse {Dover,

Ilch.).

Tint/., Totn.).

^lanrri

nt, see

Hanerent.
{Dover, Norw.).

Mangoti (Exet.).
jMatiing or

Leofinc, see Lilinr. Leojine [ = Leolwine] {Windiest.).

Manning

Manicine {Coldi., Hunt.).

^TIIELR.ED
Mercicine (Leices).

II.

201
(

Siije/eri

Wore).
( Walliug^f'.).

Mna'i

(Thet/.).
see

Nancrent,

Hancrent.

Kigeric (Watch.). Si(jeul/ or Siijelu/

Siejeirine (Chest.,

Oban

or Odun [cf. Oda] (York). Odii, (hhht. Odea, &c. (lpir.. Loud., WiiUiiKjf., Wareh., Winchtst., Wore, York). Odcofel [= O^cefi'l ?] (York).
Otlirrim. see OJSgrini.

Wore).

SildodiCi (Mixflmii). Siol/[ = Si,jcul'/f} ( Walliwi/.). Sired (Clour.).

Siric
(

Winrhtst.).

Siwtdd or Siirold (Ipsw.).

Siiwine, nee yidwinu.
Snelinij (Line).

Odu [ = Od,i
Off?
Of/M [
0/j7

?J (

Yorh).

(Stanif.).

= Of/<(?]
?
(

Oierhd

{Hunt.). (Curbrhhje ?).

Snol/ (Line).
Soi'iiiud [

<'><'

1/

HtZ ?].

Vorl:).

Stegenbit (Line).
Stefjeneiel (Line.).

Onl.if (Lewes).
Ur(ll)rij,'lit

(Winehest.).

Stcureer. Stirrer,

Slyrctr.

&.<.

(Line.,

Osalf,

Onolf, or

Osidf (Derhij, Ipmr.,

Loiul., Tlietf., IW/t).

York). Stircol ( York).

Onheren or O.x^eyvt {Thttf., Wilt.). Oxcetel, Oscyte), &(;. {Cainbr., Cliext., Loud., York). OsferS (Udvcr, /vr/c, Line, Loud., Rorh., Thetf.). Oxfnnii ? (Line).

Suiuerleda, Snmtrlefa,

Siuiierlid, iic.

(Line,
Sitniijod

J\o//., Tiietf.,

York).
lAind.).

Sunol/

\,T

[=Codsnnu'f] (Line., SunnI/ ( Yorh).

fewartgar, Swe<irtcnr, Stum/., Yorh).

&e

(Sundw.,

Osgar (Bed/.,

Derhij).

Os(jod, Osgdt. O.xLciit, &c. (Hunt., jAid., Winciie.^t., York).

Wiireh., ]\'arw.. Won-.). (Line., Loud., Stum/.). Osulf, see Osalf, &c.

Line,

Osmxr ( Osmund
Osverd.

0.swi[jr] (Bcdf., Lo7id.).

Yorh). Swerteol, \e ( Yorh). Swertiiie, Swvrtine, &c. (Xurw.). ISwetine (Colrh., Luud.). Swetman (Loud.). Swelijs (Lond.). fewileuian oi Swilman (Southinnp,'\,\'iiiC'llt'st.).

Swcgen (Client., Line). Sirert [= Swertgnr'i^^Stam/.,

Oswold (Lcwcs, Lond., Xoni\,

A'ott.,

Shrews.). On^<irim, see O^j^rim. 0?ibeni or Oufhern (Line). O^eneitr (Loud.). 0(5grim or Oii^grim (Line, York).
(Chest., Yorh-). Jl/egenhidd.
Jt-eqeinilf' ( Wiiichest.).

Wwyiling [= Swerting?]
Sijolat, see Stolen.

(Tlietf.).

Toca

or

Toga (Cleh., Crirhl

L-.u.l

Miild., Winelost.)
[ = Tuma?J (York). Tuna (E.\et.). 'J'uni mnn (Sonlhic, Sudb.).

I'lnnnie

Oiulf

'I'liniiif

(Buck.).
[M'/7/<,H?J.

l{;el,uld
Itiifei,

= Ba;ejenold?]

(Line.).

Udhrmf

(Line.).

Hienlf (Chest., Shrews.). Kodl)urt or Ilodbert (Line). Sicilnc? (K.xet.). Sienian (8alisb.).
Surteff (So no.). Hicwini! er Sin-ine (Criekl., Exel., Hunt.,
S(disl)., Shiift.,

Li nits, sir Winns. lJI/[= Wnl/j (Clint.,

Ulfeetel,

Line., Yorh).
i'ntln V,

iVe

(Line, Xurw.,

York).
Ul/ijrim or Wul/ijrim (Line).
V'l/hi (Soul hum)).).

InUgn,
/
I

Unbeiii, Ae. (Line).

ws.).

Wilt.).

'iiswoe
ri

(Shn

Scot (Slum/.).

Seertthrdnd (Sttim/.). Wim-hi si.). Sereloms [ = Stereol or Snurteol ?J ( Yorh).

Seoleii or Sijoird (Soiithump.,
Sihf, [cf. SilM)d,i'](Winehesl.).

(York). I'nimnnd, sir Wilmund. W.il.iist, Welgi^t, W,dtist,k<.\ (Thclf.).

W.rl'is^

[=

Wiehjisfl] (Thel/.).

Wallfer."" (IpHW*).

Sihodii or Sdieodo

Winehest.).

Wnnstiin, see \VtinHt4in.

Sibw

iiu>

(Lciiid.)
(llorh.).
,

Sib?ine?(L()nd.).

Sideman

IIW/7e Wi n'liis, U: n'siiie

I'ohh..

see Winri/os.
[

Wiii^'iqe] ( 117//.).

Sidcwinc, Sidwine, Ac. (Cnnhr Creenirieh, Lond., IJcieli).

Wih^ilje (Clour.).'
]\'ihninid
((.'<iml>r.).

202
Will or W inn ( W'nIliiiriJ.). ir/m/[x] [=)i7/i?j '(cvz/>.,
Jlrh.).

KN(;r,ANi).
\\uW\i:c (Cumbr., Verljy,Exiii.,Li/nd.,
rv.H-/.-.,

Vnrk).
WultVliui,
(fee.

Whit: {Ihiihjn., Lymiir, Tnmir.).

Wiiu'il<iH,
W'l/iiKjiiH, \'c. ( Yorlc).

Jhrhij, iJovt-r,

(^y.?, Cant., EzkI; Letcen,

f'olch.,
l><jiid.,

Wiimiifi;

Wyiisitjr,

&c.

{L'j'tl.,

Loml.,

Slum/., AV'iiiclifHt.)Wiilt'wi or Wnlficiij (Cant.).

SlimrK.).

WuUwiiii(i.rt:,

(Ciilrh.,

Ilth.,

Line, Lond.,

Wintrrlxlu
II '/(//)( ()/;),

Ynrl). Wlllfhrnrn, &c. (Liiic).

(
'

Widhif

Wiiiiintrf). i,Y WijIhifiChiHl.).

W>ilf[sernUo'UI(}{CaHt.).
Wiiilali {Liiir.l

AViiI.-t'un

AVun.stiiM
"\Vynsi<,'u

[< uho WulfHt;in] (Stamf.). or Wjnstan {Bath, Chich(Kxut., Lond., Shrews.).

Wn'UvUn
^Vulft?ar,

or Wuinwlm (Cudb., Ildi.). &c. ((Ainihr., Hunt., Line,

Winclifst.).
]?ciid(iiir (LciiX'n).

Land., Sfiimf., Wilt.). Wnlfiintt, Wnlfijit, &c. (Le/c, Line).

Widjiji-ini, xtc I'lfijrim.

]y(,d\irhl pi'odfjyld, &c. (Line).

Wuiiina;r,

Widumr, &c.
Lond.,

(i?arrfn.,

Line,
Totn.).

Norte,

Jedb., Shrews.,

pL-odrrd (Line, Lond., York). pif.uir (Lond.).

poniid

(Chfst.).

porcetel,\)uTccte],&c. (Line, Southamp.,

WullnoS

Itoinn.,

(Cok'h., Dorr/t., Jlirif., Lcir., Loud., Southavip., Thiif.,

Torksev). pore/ [ = porril

\?or(jrini
(

AViiK-lifst.).

Widfiid, Widford, or Wul/njd (Lond.). WuitVic (C/W., Co/c7j., i/e)</., Xf/c, l.iiu'., I.tnul., Southamp., Wareh., Wurw., Wore).

?J (Lond.). Yorh). por.<i(jc (Lund.). pon<t;in, por.-^lun, pnrstan, ic. (Line, Xorir., Stamf. , York). pond/, purnll, &c. (Leie, York).

piiifjod (L'j:it.).

Desckiption of Types.

Obverse.

Type

i.

Around, inscrijiBuist 1., diademed. tion between two circles.

[Cf. VI.

Small
tion
2,

crosss pattc'e.

Around,
circles.

inscrip-

between two

XV.
i.

\-c-.]

Type
Similar; bu?^t
r.

var. a.

Same.
I

[Cf. ri.

XV.
i.

u.j

Tyjye

rar.

b.

Simihir

hii4 cross pomiue'c.

:

I.:

in

/runt,

sceptre,

Same.

ruii.l

JE'niELB.XD

II.

'j(i:;

Obverse.

Kcveree.

Type
Similar; no suejitre in fn lut of Imst.
[Cf.
ri.

i.

nir.

c.

Similar; five crons^ea

jinltt-Vrt

tirmnged

in lurm of cross; ctnlral i<uv hirgeat.

I

XVI. Kl]

Type
Similar
;

i.

vur. d.
I

bud

I.,

dhkling hyend.

Siniifdr;

fundi

crogs

pidt^i;

<Ic.,

a$

[llild., ri.

'J,

Type A.

rar.

c]

T(/y)e

i.

rar.

e.

Similur; no

inn>:r circle

around huM.

Same.

[Hild., ri.

:i,

T.jpr

n/r. /.]

7'.//

ii.

liitd
//o/(

/.,

iliiultmcd.

Around,

aov;-/;*-

Hand

iif

I'roridi'urf

inituiiuj
(jJ.

from

bttiriTU hro

c//v.^^.

rliiitd^;

nHLithertddi, A,

.-Iritj/Hf/,

iiiiicription hetirn u tiro virrlm.

[lliia

I'l

::.

Tin..

1$.

1.

JypiSiiiiil:ir;

li.

rar. a.

Im.-I

r.

Same.
I

[Cr.

l'\.

XV. S]

204

ENGLAND.
Obveno.
Kcverae.

Type
Simi'htr.

ii.

vnr.

h.
;

Shiiil'ir
I

on cilhcr

k'kIc

of llanil, U) A.

[Tlild., ri. 3,

Type B.
ii.

1,

rar.

c]

Type
Similar; in front (f
'pomm.ii.
hrntf,

vitr. e.

Kcrptrc, cross
|

Similor

on cither fida (f Unni\,

GD.

[Hiia., ri. 3,

Type B.
ii.

1,

vor. I.}

Type
Similar.

var.

<1.

Similar; lines curved ()U_twards issuing

I I

from clouds, and

10.]

^ W.

[Cf. ri.

XYI.
ii.

Type
Simihir.

I'nr. e.

Similar

^pithout letters on cither side

of

Hand.

[Hild., VI. 3, Type B.

2,

rar.

a.']

Type
Similar; sceptre, crofs pa ttec.

ii.

rar. /.

Similar; Hand of Providence giving tlie Latin benediction i.e. third and fourth fingers closed cross in
; ;

clouds.

[Ct. ri.

XVL

14]

JETHELRiED

II.

205

Obverse.

Ueveree.

Type Bust
1.,

iii.

diiulcmcd.

Around, iuscrip-

Short

crosrt,
ill

tiou

between two circLs.

jiellet

voided, frcquenlly witli centre in uii','k8, C R V "p.

:

Around, inscription
circles.

belwecu

two

[Cf. ri.

XVI.

12.]

Type
Similar;
cross
in

iii.

tar. a.

front

of

bust,

sceptre,

Same,

pummee.
[Cf.

n. XV. 3]
iii. vcir. b.

Type
Similar
;

hast

r.
I

Same.

[Mild., ri. 4,
Ty2)e

Type C.
iii.

var.

c]

var.

c.

Similar ; sceptre, cross patt^e.

Same.

[Hild., PI.

4,

Tyjyt'

C. var. d.]

Type
Jhtd
diademed. Annnid, inscription hrtircen two circlcn.
h,

iv.

Long
iiu/j

rr(ni,

voidrd,
C( litre;

fn'/uintly

trilh

pi'lUt in
in

tarh limb ttrmimicriHrtntt.

thric
:

Around,

inscriiition

outer circle.

[Ilild..

ri.

4,

Tyi>r

ror. n ]

20()

ENGLAND.
Obverse.
Reverie.

Tijpc

iv. v<ir.
I

II.

Piniilnr;
(liviilcil

rudo bust by bust.

1.;

ins(!iii)tion

Sjiino.

[(Jf.

ri,

XV.

4.]

Type

V.

Bmt

I.,

in

armour and radifde

helmet.
bust.

Small cross prdf^e.

Around, tnscrip-

Around, inscription divided by

tion between two circles.

[Hild., ri.

4,

Type E.

var. a.]

Type

vi.

Bud

I.,

in

armour and radiate

helmet.
bust.

Long

Around, inscription divided by

cross, voided, each limb terminating in three crescents : pellet in centre. Around, inscription : outer circle.

[Ilild., PI. 4,

Type E.

var. &.]

Tijpe vii.

Bust h, in armour and radiate helmet. Around, inscription divided by bust:

outer circle.

Long

cross, voided,
;

coin

C RV
circle.

reaching to edge of pelht in centre ; iti angles, X. Around, inscription : oider

[Hild., PI. 4,

Type E.

var. c.}

: :

^.THELR.ED

II.

207

Obverse,

Reverse.

Ti/pe

viii.

Bust 1., in armour and radiate helmet. Around, inscription divided by bust
outer circle.

Square with

tliree

pellets

at

each

corner: over it, bisecting; the sidi-s, loHf^ cross, voided, each limb termi|H-llet in three crescents iiatint;
;

in

centre.

Around,

in.scription

outer circle.
[Cf. ri.

XV.
ix.*

1.]

Type

Bud

h, in

nrmonr and rndiate

hrlnut.

Long

rroKs,

roidtd, each
;

limh tcrmiin
I ft

Around, inscription divided by bust

outer circle.

mttiiKj in three crcrnit

and

ith angles, crescent. tion : outer circle.

Around, inscrip-

[Ilil.l.,

ri. 4,

Type F.]

Type
Similar ; rude bust
tion.
I.,

ix. var. a.
I

dividing inscrip-

Same,

[Hild. Pi.

5,

Type V.
X.

var. a.]

Type
TJie

Agnus Dei

r.

belon;

7^

vithin
:

The Holy Dove.

outer circle.

Around, inscription

border of dots. outer circle.

Around, inscription

[Hild., PI. 5,
Tlic

Type G.]
<b

Bf yle

of this nnd the next type

certainly Danish.

208
Obverse.

ENGLAND.
Eevene,

Type
Thr Aiinn* Dei r.; halow, on ACN. Around, inscription:
circle.
tithlet,

xi.

Small

cross patttfc.

Around, inscription

outer

between two

circles.

[Ilild., ri. 5,

Type G. vnr. a]

Description op Coins.

No.

2ETBELIIMD
No.

II.

209
Monoyer.

Obverse.

Reverse.

BAOAN.
[IJutli.J

Type

i.

i'/EOELRED REX AN

I</EOE57\N-

ON BRO
Wt.
2;-7.

ANC
[PI.

'I'ALFFOLD ON BA)
\Vt.

Alfwold.

18.

XV.

2.]

Tij2)e

ii.

rar.

(Z.

i^/E)ELR/ED

REX
ANCLCOX

-i^/EOELRIC

MO

/K?Llric.

BAOAN
211.

AVt.

7'(/j)e iv.

far. a.

t'/EDELR/ED REX AfCLOR

7\rCL
9

^-/ELFRIE

MO

BAD
7.

^Ifric.

Wt. 20
>^-/E>ELRIi:

MnO BAO
(ricrctd.)

iEiSelric.

'

I'EDSTAN

Mn

BA>
(

Kdtitnn

Wt. 2U5.

= JEcbUu?).

10

^EDXTAN M-n-O BAO

ANILCOX
Wi.
2';\i.

BEDANFORD.
[Bedford.]

Ti/ih;

ii.

viir.

(t.

I^/EOELRED REX
ANILOVC
i

4-O5PI

MONETA BEDAF
Wl,
2bi>.

08wi(g).

Tijpe

ill.

tvir. n.

12

^/EOELR/ED REX
ArcLcnx

i'/ELFSTAN

MO

BEDA'
:>.

.i:ifBtuii.

Wt. 21

Typt!
1.'}

iv. f'/r.
I

(7.

^/EDELR/ED REX
ArCL
II.

^'CVNNI

Mt BEDA
Wi
27 2

(Junni.
!

'

vol,,

210
No.

ENGLAND.

iETHELR.ED

II.

lill

Ko.

Obverse.

Moneyer.

25

"f/EOELR/ED REX ANGLCaX

^^PVLFPI

MO

C/ENT
Wt.
-JlL'.
(

Wulfwi

= Wulfwig?).

Ti/jte iv. wir.

'.

2G

*/E)ELR/ED REX an:l0

>^E/\DP0LD Mt0 C/ENT

\\i.

Endwold.

25

8.

27

t/EDELRED
AfCLO
"^/EOELR/ED
.,

^CODPINE M-0 C/ENT

Wt, 22
3.

tJ.Khviije.

28

>->GODPINE

MnO
E/ENT
Wt. 2G0.

ArsCLOVC

29

I-LEOFRIE

MnO
C/ENT
Wl.
2t;4.

Lcofrio.

30

R-EX

I I

>^LE0FSTAN M\Q
C/ENT
"\Vt.

Lcofstaii.

2J0.

[PI.

XV.

4.]

Type
HI

viii.

i</E>ELR/ED

REX AN:

^D0:DMAN M0 C/ENT
\Vt.

OcHlmnu.

182.
Lcofstnn.
2.

32

ANCL

^LE0F$TAN Mt0
C/ENT
Wt. 20

CISECEASTRE.
[Chichester.]

Type 33

iv. iv/r.
1

<(.

t/EOELR/ED REX

iEADN0O
5.]

MnO

CISC
0.

KaJnoJ^.

ANLLCW
[I'l.

Wt. 27

XV.

COLENCEASTRE.
[a.lclio.stor.]

Type
34

i.

i/EDELR/ED

REX
ANLL

^-/EDPINE

MQN

vlMwino.
I'.3
I-

COLEN
2

Wt.

212

EN(JLAND.
Muneyer.

N.p.

Ti/pc
3r>

iii. v(tr.

a.

H/EOELR/EJD REX

[I-TOJCA

M^O

i:OLE[N]
(JJroken.)

Trica

3G

^PVLFNOO M^O

Wulfno.

COLN

Wt. 190.

Type

iv.
I

var. a.

4^/EOELR/ED REX

^LEOFPIG

MQ

COL19-9.

Lcofwig.

ANGLO

Wt.

DEORABY.
[Derby.]

Type
38

viii.

^/EDELR/ED REX AN!

I'EREPI-NE

MO

DEi
16-4.

Erewine.

Wt.

DOFERAN.
[Dover.]

Type
39

i.

var. a.

^/EOELRED REX ANCLOR

^DODMAN M-QN
DOFR
Wt.
20-4.
6.]

Godman.

[n. XV.

Tyiw
40

ii.

I'ar. d.

^/EOELR/ED REX
ANCLCOX
Type

^OSFERO M"0 DOFRA

(Chipped.)

Osfer.

iv.

var. a.

41

l-/E>ELR/ED

REX
AhCLO

^CODPINE MTO DOPE

Wt. 25
2.

God wine.
Cynsige.

42

ArcLcax

^LyNSICE MQO DOFER

Wt. 25
2.

Type
43

viii.

"I--/EOELR/ED

REXAf^L

^CyNSICE MOO DOPE

Wt. 21
5.

Cvn.sijjo.

JiTHELli^U

II.

213

No.

21

ENGLAND.

No.

iETHELRiED

II.

215

No.

Obverse.

RfVirso.

Moncver.

72

i/E)ELR/ED

REX
AN:L0
I

i)yRSTAN MO EFER
Wt. 21G.

purstaa.

Type 73

ii.

rar. a.

tEOELRED REX
ArCLO

^EILAF

M-^O

EOFER
Wt. 20
4.

Eikf.

74

^/EOELRED REX
ArCL

^F/ELLAH M~0 E0FE

AVt. 21 G.

FiL'Uun.

75

"t'/EBELRED REX

AtilL

J'FAXTVLF

MO

EFOR

Fastulf.

Wt. 172.

76

[i<]/EDELRED REX
ANC--

^^CHVJNDOLF M'O EFO

(Broken.)

Ilundolf?

ii</EOELR/ED

REX ANLLOK
REX
ArtLCnX

i'ODA MOhvETA EFERFIE

Wt.
22-5.

O.la.

i-/E>ELRED

HhTVnnE n^O EFERPIC Tummo

Wt. 2o
2. (

= Tuuiii ?>

Type
70

iii.

rar. a.

i'/EOELR/ED REX
AfNCLCnX

I'OBAN M"0 EOFRPI

Wt. 20
5.

Oban.

Type
80

iv

j<-/e)el-r/ed

rex
am:

^EVTEL MQ0
i-EADRIE

E-0FR
2.

CytL-l.

Wt. 22

81

t'/E-DELR/ED

REX
an:l0

Mt0 E0FR
Wt. 220.

Eutlric.

82

i-/EeELRED REX

ANGLO
83

^<LEOFXTAN Mt0 EOFR

Wt. 27
2.

Ix-Sifstun.

p/EOELR/ED REX Ar^LCW

4<0OCRIM

M0 EOFR
Wt.
21
4.

O^prini.

84

HhEOELRED REX ArCL t-iVMERLDA MT0 EOFR

Viir.

Sumcrloda.

Crops
Olio

j>iitt'<'

untjlo of cros.s iiiiil pollft

iu in nnotlit-r

Wt. 21
85

4.

I^VLFLETL

MO EOFR
Annult't
in
2.'.

llfovliL

ANCL0

\'iir
li.i.i

Wl

21G
No.

ENGLAND.
Obverse.

Reverse.

MoiipyjT.

8G

"i^NIEVNCII
I'ar.

ONT
CroHH pattc'c
liUHt.

i^OEODRED ON EO
Wt. 170.

peodred.

bcliiml

Type
87

viii.

^/EOELREO REX
^/EOELR/ED

TVfSC

^EOLCRIM

MO EO
Wt.
21-8.

Col grim.

8S

T^r^LO I-HILDVLF

:0

EOF
1.

Ilil.lulf.

Wt. 21 89
iIRR7X

MO EOFR
Wt.
21-8.

Irra.

90

I^NEOELRED REX
.^/E)ELR/ED

TXfSC

.^OBAN M~0 E:-OFR

Wt. 22
0.

Ol.an.

91

REX
7\fsCL0

"^PVLFZICE MtO EOFR

Wt.
I'J-2.

Wiilfdige.

92

i<EDERED REX ANLLO

I-OOiRXTrAN
Var.

MO EOF
Wt. 200.

porstiin.

Crescnit in one angle of cro.s.

GEOOA.
[Jedburgh
?]

Type
93

viii.

i-/E)ELRED

REX
7\n:lo
[PI.

I'F'VLFM/ER

Ml
LE0)A
Wt.
20-4.

Wulfmaer

XV.

7.]

GIFELCEASTER.
[Ilohcster.]

Type
94

iii.

var.

<t.

^EDELR/ED REX
AMILOVC

^LOD M~0 LIFELE

Wt.
22-3.

God.

95

t/EDELR/ED

>^LE0FSILE M"0 CIFEL

Wt. 22 8

Ijcofsiffc.

96

^PVLFELM M~0

CIFELj Wulfelm.
2.-)

Wt.
97

GIELE
Wt.
18-7.

iETHELRiED

II.

21'

No.

218
No.

ENGLAND.

^THELR.i:D

If.

219
Moneyer.

Obverse.

HEREFORD.
[li.rrlonl.j

Type
115

iv. i-ar. n.
I

J^/EGELR/ED

REX
AN:L0

^ByRHSTAN Mt0
l-ERE
^Vt. 21 S.

Hyrbdtan.

ik;

h-

,.

"^DILION

MO0

HERE
Wt. 2J
2.

Dillon.

7\ISCLCrV(

HUNTANDUNE.
[Huntingdon.]

Ti/pe

ii.

vnr. n.

117

'i'/EOELRED REX
AfSCLCnX

i'P'VLFC}\R

M ON HVNTAN
Wt.
21-1.

Wiilfgar,

Type
118

iii. tvir.

a.

>^/E)ELR/ED

REX
ArcLcnx

4^/ELFRIC

HVNT
Wt. 21
2.

.Elfric.

Type
119

iv. ivir. .

^/ECELR/ED REX
Ar\CLav(

^/ELFRIC

MOO NVNT
Wt. 22
f).

.Elfric.

^SDVT Mt0 NVNT

7\fLLQI

<)..gut.

Wir.

IVlkt iu li.ld. Wt. 25 0.

Type
121

viii.

^EDELR/ED RE:X

AhC
I

^EDELXTAN MT0 HV
Wt. 22
0.

.i%I%elfl(aii.

L/EPES.
[I -owes.]

7'i//ie

i.

122

^EOELRED REX

^^/ELFfERD N :L/EP:Ei
Wt
21; 7.

Jilfwcnnl.

ANLLO

220
No.

ENGLAND.
Obverse. Reverse.

Moneyer.
:

123

^/EOELR/ED REX

^/ELFFERD ON
I

L/EP:E;
21 G.

ANCLO
121

Wt.

^
'h

TIN

}<LEFA ON L/EHPE-A
Wt.
\'J-5.

Lcfd.

125

7XNCI

^LEOFPIfJE ON L/EFE
Wt.
18-7.

Loofwine.

12G

-l-EeELRED REX ANDL-

^ONLAF MON LEFE

Onlaf.

Type
127

ii.

rnr. a.

4-/EOELR/ED REX

.^EADCAR M"
(^{base.

L/EPE

Eadgar.

ANGLCW
Type
128

Worn.)

ii.

var. d.

Hh/EDELR/ED REX ANCLCnX

4-HEREBREHT M'O
L/EPE
Wt.
20-7.

Ilercbrcht (Uereberht):

Ti/pe

iii.

var. a.

129

1^/E)ELR/E[D]

REX
ArcLcrpc

i^LEOFNOO [M]-0
L/EP
(Broken.)

LeofnoS.

130

L/EPE
Wt.
23-2.

131

^LEOFPINE M~0 L/EPE

AVt. 21-5.

Leofwino.

132

Wt.
133

22-5.

^OXPOLD M~0
Ty/je iv. rnr. o.

L/EP
2G-4.

Oswold.

Wt.

131

^/E)ELR/ED

REX
AMLLCnX

M-EREByRHT Mt0
L/EP
Wt. 24
0.

Ilercbyrbt.

LEIGECEASTER.
[Chester.]

Etc.

Type
135

i.

4^/E)EL-RED

REX ANC ^/ELFNOD N LEC-C

Wt. 20
0.
I

^lfno.

iETHELRJED

II.

22 L

No.

;>;

KNOLAM).
Obverse.
Ucvcnic.

No.

Moneyer.

mo

^/EOELR/ED REX ANCL

I

-I-LODPINE-

MOO
LINCOLWt, 210.

(todwino.

ir.i

4^/EDELnED REX
^\ALL
[I'l.

'

-fCRIHD ]A~0 LIHEL

W't. 21-2.
l.j

(Jrin.l.

XV.

152

^/EOELRED REX ANDL 4-OOBERN MOO LINE

(<lii].po.l.)

OSbcm.

15:5

"^/EDELRED

RE^I^

AUGj

^RODBERT

I/I

Lll/ID
4.

Rodbert.

Wt. 22
151

^/EOELR/ED REX ANQL

AfSLLOR
I

-^VLFCETEL MO LINE
Wt. 20
4.

Ulfcctcl.

loo

t'PVLFRIL

MO

LINEOI

Wiilfric.

Wt. 20 G

Type
15G

ii.

rar. n.

1</E>ELR/ED

REX
Af^LCW

i^RODBART

MO
LIISDCO
Wt.
2G-2.

Rodbart
(Rodbert).

157

I^/EOELRED REX
AISCLO

^VNBECN M~0 LINEOL

Wt. 20
2.

Unbc<jn (Unboin).

Ti/pc

iii.

far. a.

158

I-/E)ELR/ED

REX
AWILCW
,.

pSTECENBIT

MO
LIN

LIN
2.

Stegcnbit.

Wt. 22

159

AISCOVC

^VNBECN M"0

Unbegn
(Unbein).

AVt. 21-4.

Type
IGO

iv. var. a.

X-/EGL-RED R-E-X
1\-\(D

X/E-^CMAM N0

L-

HE

JEscman.

Wt.

24-2.

IGl

^/EDELR/ED REX ANIL ^/EOELNOO Mt0 LINE

^Vt.

^SelnoS.

20

3.

162

^EOLLRIM MO-
ArciLox
I

Col grim.

lin: wt. 280.

1G3

^/EOELRED REX
ANCLO
Wt.
19-2.

IGl

^/EOELR/ED REX
ANIL-

^DRENC

MOO

LINI Wt. 25-2.

Drcn?.

iETHELR.ED

II.

223

1G5

171

172

173

174

175

177

^24
No.

ENGLAND.

iETHELRiED
No.

II.

Obverse.

Moneyer.

194

^/E)ELR/ED REX ANGLCOX

^COD M"0 LVNDONI

Wi. 22
0.

God.

135

^LEOFSTAN MTQ
LVND
Wt. 23
7.

Lcofstan.

19G

-^OSALF H ON LVWDI
Wt. 19
G.

Osalf or
Ubulf.
'

197

JFVLFM/ER M-Q

Wulfiua-r.

LVNDON
Wt. 22
198
U.

'

i'PVLFRIC

M^O LVNDONI
Wt. 22
7.

Wulfric.

199

T-PVLFSTAN M^O

LVNDO
Wt. 20
7.

Type
200

ii.

rar. d.

i^/EOELR/ED

REX
ANGLCTVC

i</ELFCAR

M'O

LVNDO
Wt. 21
3.

201

208

209

VOL

22G
No.

ENGLAND.

.IITHELK.ED

II.

007

No.

22.S

ENGLAND,

No.

/ETHELU.KD
No.

II.

1-1\)

2; 50

ENGLAND.

No.

.ETHELR.ED

II.

231

No.

Obverse.

Reverne.

Moneyer.

287

t'/EOELR/ED

REX
ArCLOVC

"I-EALDRED M"0

MALD
G.

Ealdrod.

Wt. 23

NORDPIC.
[Nuiwicli.]

Type
288

i.
'

"I'EDELRED REX A-NLL-OI

[Pi.

"^HPATEMN M"0 NOROP:

Wt. 19
8.
1:5.]

Hwnteman
orHwatuiun.

XV.

Tijpe

ii.

ntr. u.

289

^/EDELRED REX
ArCLCW
[I'l.

^FOLEERRD
XVI.
1.]

MO

FolccarJ.
0.

NORO

Wt. 25

2'JO

I<M7\NNIC
T^NILOVC

M~0 NOROPIE
(Chipped.).
I

Manninj;

Type
291

ii.

vur. d.

>i>(InscrintiondouhIestruch.)\

^M AN INC M~0

NORPI

Maning.

W
292

t.

210.

i</EOELR/ED REX ANELOVC

^SPVRTirC M~0 NORO

I

Swyrtinc (or
:

Wt. 21

1.

Swurtino).

Type
293

iii.

rar. n.

i'/EOELR/ED

REX
ArCLcax

"^SPERTIfSC

MO

NORO
25
1;.

Swcrtinc.

Nvt.

Tyi>e
29-1

iv.
|

vur. a.

^/EOELR/ED REX
AfCL

i^/ELFRIC

MO-0 N0RO
Wt. 21
8.

.Elfrio.

Typi

viii.
I

295

4/EOELR/ED REX
ArCL-

i'HPATMl

MO N0RC
Wt. 22
7.

IlwaU-mun.

232
No.

ENGLAND.

MTBELTiJEB

II.

233

No.

2151

ENGLAND.
Obverse.
Reverse.

No.

Moneyer.

SIOESTEBYRIG.
[Sidbury
V]

Type
31 ;5

i.

i^/EDELR/ED REX

^EIOLNOO 0N
SIOEXTEB:
"Wt. 21-3.

CioInuS.

ANLL-OR

STANFORD.
[Stamford.]

Type
314

i.

J^/ECELR/ED

REX ANLLO

.J</E)ELPINE

MO
ST-A-NWt. 23 0.

^iSelwine.

315

J^/EOELRED REX ArCLO

J-ZEDELPINE ON
STT^NF^^'t.

24-2.

316

7^N

"I^EXPIL

M-Q STANE
Wt. 170.

Eswig.

317

I^/E)ELR/ED

AND-

i^LOD/EL

M"0 STAN
Wt. IS
0.

Godffig.

318

ANLL' ILDELEE

ON
ST7\-NF
Wt.
25-2.

Godeleof?

319

^/EDELRED REX
ANL

"i'DODELEOE M~0 STA

Wt.
!

lU-i.

320

AHF

i'OEE M^O STAHF0

Wt. 19
2.

Ofe?

Tij}ic

ii.

var. a.

321

^/EOELRED REX

^^PVLSTAN M" XTAN

Wt. 26
6.]
4.

Wulstan
(Wulfstau).

ANCLO[I'l. XVI.
I

322

4/EOELRED REX

T^fSCL

Wt.

26-2.

/ETHELR.EU

II.

235

No.

230

i:N(iLANl).

No.

^THELRiED
No.

II.

1^37

2:;.s

enclanh.

.ETHELR.ED

II.

239

No.

240
No.

ENGLAND.

.ETHELR^D
No.

II.

241

212

KNULANlJ.

No.

^-^>

CNUT.
Rrcc. A.D. lOlG; died a.d. 103o.

Moniyers.
Aria or Aden (Cambr., Hunt.).
uElfstan, jEUl^m, Aljft<in, &c. \Dorrr,

^ad.-

see

Ead.-

JEthmin (B>ilf.). Miicc [= yEifric?] (Extt., None).

JEijelUriht (Cliich., Ijisu:).
JFlfid/crii

Lond., None, Tumie, Wiucbest., York). ..lilfwouTil, yTJI/icard, JK\fvn iiI,

iCfard, lie. (Aijltub, Chi
ft.,

fVill.,

.h'l-

llaat.,

(None).

Ji:gclm (Cbich.). ^gelmxr (Bath, Biiihjn., Line). iEgelric (ChM., aioiic, Ox/., Shaft., Southw., Windiest.). ^gelsige (Hast.). JEgdicard or .^E^relwcrJ (Loud.). iEgehvig or L'gehcig {Hch., Lcic,
Winchcst.). .^gelwine or Egelwine {Bath, Brist., Crichl., Liic, LonJ., Southw.,

Jtdb., Lewes, Loud., Loiun., Soutlianip.. South te.).

[ = .EIfwig. or JEKwine ?] (A\lesb., Cambr., Cant., Htnf., Leic, Lond.,.s7<i)/i/., Thrt/.). JElfici and Swencel (Limd.). ^Eltwig (Cambr., Cunt., Hire/., Hch.^

2EUv.i or El/wi

Loud., WaUiufjf.). .iElfwinc, .Ehvine, \c. (Bath, Breici.,

Brid., Buck.,
Ca;j<., Chest., Colch.,

More, York).

Criekl., E.xet., Ileref., Ib-h., Lend,, Lydj., Maid., Or/., Salijtl>., Shaft.,

^gfrye[ = iElfiydVl
JEgifinun

or

(Lond.). .iEisman [ = Jilscnian

?J

Southamp., Southw., Thetf., Totn., Wallingf., Wilt., Winchcst., Wore,

(St;, ml).

York)
/L7/(rnR'J/us(/7<./i.). yEl/icoll, fre Alfwold.

JElhriht 1 = .r.gelhrihf] {Ii>nc.). JFAilfdm, .Eltelm, &c. (lirewt., Cadb., Cainhr., Slirtics., Winchett.).
JElfige (lioch.). JElfeh or ^EU'en {LonJ., Boch., Stam/.,
Wincliesit.).

= iEgel\Nine ?] .Umxr [ = -iV//Ha.r] (Bch.,

yh'Igi'l trine [

(Crichl.).

Wilt).

jUgcnutn (SUnii/.).

JEscwme

Wallintif.).

^l/ere
Al'lftr^

Yorh).

jEstan or Estan (liath, Winchiisl.).

(None).
Southw.,

M\i\i\xT

JElfgxt or /W/git (Lond.). Lond., (Bardn.,

yEdan Loc ( Winchtat.). J&dhcrht or .Etdhriht (fptw).

War eh.).
Mflieah or
/Elflieh (Slinw*.).
yElfiioTS (Cbest.,

/milm (Chich). iE?ebnii;r (TIch., Line).

fhnan ( Wini-hmt.). uE?ebln^ (Line). JEfdred (Winched).
jTj'

Hunt., Line, Salixb.). yElfred or JElfnjd (^Cant., Hast., Lund.,

Salisb., Wilt.).
iEUrir-,

JElric,

tic.

(AxmiuKt.,

Batli,

Brid., Cant., Chist., Chich., E.xet., yiiaft., None, Lond., Line, Soutliw., Wiucbest.).
JF.lfric Moglu (None), yld/nje [ = .7i7/r/cr] (Lmd.).

xEX.lric or /Eyerie (Datli, Chest., Oxf., Sha/t., Winchett). Jh^ddan ( Winchid.).

^mdtcerd(Uunt.).
jE^i hri or
-4 ?(

ltd [

= JEf'dtriq or .Ei'el-

wine](/W(.. I.^ie,Mahl.). iE?el\vin<\ E^ehvine, ie. (Ai/bdi.,

^ilsige, >$^H>i g. -LV/xiV, &o.

("C ?!.",

Criekl.,

Chest., illouc, Ilitnt., Hell., Linr., Lond., Southanip., Southie, Taunt.,

Walliiuif., Winchuat.).

i/r/i.. Lane, Ltic, lAind Maid, Southw., Winched., York).

jTJf dirolil ( Sorie ).

.lcric, tee iE^cIric.

No coins arp known of fxlmnnd " IronsWo," fon of .f:tbilrl II.. bj rrlgtu-d. riri MoK In .Si>v. nibr b* obUln^ bjr uckly bif of Om to Cnut, from Ai>ril lo Xnvcnibcr, 1016. kingiiom (Wessex. Essex, and East Aiigllal, and dtrd the sam niontb.

R 2

ENGLAND.
Itrnnltil [
(III

= Briin8tnn?]

(Line).

Hi

).

lirnnirln- (Staui/.).
.K''. l-.tiiMyl (Simiif.).
(

/i::".'.^.-tuii

Ali'Hi oi J//-/

.Kir>i-Vj (Clii.-l.). AHwiil.l, AHwul.l, or .i:ij,rol,l (Until, WinflioHt., JliM-h., Their., (ixt.,
ir..r.-.).

(Lond.). Brijninr, nrt; liriitiinc. Itiiri irinr Widliuiif). Jtnrhirold or Biinrold { Winch:d.). Jli/rhdiin or Jlyrndun (Taunt.).
Jlri/niii
'

Air.-^.<' uImo .Klf.Ariii'flcl, Aiifi/lil, Iuiriiryttl,fcc. {X<itt.,

Byrnni

= Byrnsigc ?]

(Bardn.).

C'/i/'l (Ilch.).

Won-., York).

Arm. If (York).
Axriitrf
A^Jrrf'
(

[.l-/////=,l^/.';^?] (}'//.).

l.im:, JaiihI., Yorh).

&.c. [

Abgod, An^^out, Asguut,

(York). Aglac [ = ()lac] (Line). Ax^rif) {Xorw.). Ala [of. Ada] (Bardn.).

- Oagod ?]

Cicrla or Carhi (Exd., Jidh.). Cwtil, gf'c CetcL ('(iJdiirim' (Liir n). Colic (Lond.). Curil (Lond.). Carta, Hce Cserla.

Cas (SVinchcst).
Catoelin (Stanif.).

Ctoca

Winched.)

Bum mini,
Jl.tlliir

rc Blacauiiin.

{Line).
DoUiv, &o. (Glouo., Shdji.).

Jl.ol.i,

Ik-oni (Y'ork).
13liu-aiiuin,

Blaccnian,

&.c.

(Guild.,

Ccolno<5, Ceolnafi, Ciliwf, &c. (Chest., Dtrlrij, Maid., Yorh). Cftol or Cijtil (York). Ciniicig (Line). Cin.sige (Dover, Southamp.).

Nott.). Bhimian (Xott.).

I{ojrji[ = Boipi](Dovir).

Bolhi,

)*.r

Binla.

Cindan (Dover). Cniht, see Cyniht. Cnofeln (Richb.). Clint (Line).

[ = C///e/]("Cuet." =Cant.?). Codric, see Godric. Colaman or Coleman (Lond., OjcJ'., Wallingf.). Colbciu (Chest.).

Borstiix (Lond.).

Cnytcl

Bnvntinc or Brunt iito (Line, Southic).

Brand

{l<lamf., Yorh). BrilitnocS, ncfi BrilitnocS.

Bronstaii or

Brehdun [=Brunstau?]

(Malm).
BnfrroliYorh). BrimUin (M(dm.). Brid (Hast.). Briluhn [= Brihthdm'] (SoutJno.). Brilmtiin or Bruhstan [cf. Brenstau]
{Midm.). Briht/.r^ or Brildfr.vi (Lond.) Brihtina'r (Jhnr, Lond,, C^onlliw.). Brihtiio?, Byrhlno^, Ac. (Cliich , jrast., Lond., Mtthn., Tlutf., Winchcst.,
Yorh). Brihtrcd (Cant., Land.). Brihirir (Linr.). Brihticin {<>.rf.). Brildiri [ = Briht\vinc?] (Creirk.). BrihtwiiK' (Crichl., Land., Oxf.).

Coleman,

see

Colaman.

Colgrim, Colcrim, kc. (Line, Y'ork). Coliini [ = Colling?] (Lewts).

C-orlae

Creiewine. Crinan, Crinna, or Crunan Lond., Shrews., York).

(Line,

Croc or Crorl (Chest.).

Croa[ = C;w/](Chesr.).
Crucau or Grucan (Y'ork). Crurn or Gruru (York).
Ciinhof, see Guuleof.

Cwulin, see Cairelin. Cyniht or Cniht (Cambr.).

Ci/nna (]\'inchest.).
Ci/til, src

Cctel.

J)anJin[j-;\(Yorh).

Brihtwnld (Lond., U inched.). Brindiin, stc Brunstau. Brnina [ = BrunianVj (Lijdf.). Bruniin or Briinuiaii (Colch., Loud.). Jhnn {Lond.) Itrnnrtnn, < Brunstan. Brun-nir, Bryngar, &c. (,Lond.,
Shrews.).

Ihorinc (Land.). Piorsige or Dyrsige (Hert., York).

Iknrine
Ihnlda

(Thetf.).

(E.ret.).

Bruniuo, Briining, Brunnir, &c. (Bath, Lond.. Malm., Xott., Yorh).

Brnnman,

>

Brumau.
If.,

Brutistnii, Briudint, &c. (Lond., Sand.,

Jheni] (Line). Drojia or Drowa (Winclicomhe). Ihumjar [for Bruugar] (Shrcics.). Dunstan {Lond.). J>nruig (Lond.). Eadijar or Edgar (Lend.). Kadmund or Edmund (Lond., Xorir.). Eaclno?, Ea'^nof', kc, (Hast., Hunt.,

Stmn/., Tiu

Winchcft.).

Lond.. Eoch.).

CNUT.
Fadred, Edrcd, &c. (Lnnd.).
J'Jadric (Ai/ltisb., Loud.).

245

Ealgar [ = Ealgar?] (Land.). Fadolf, Fastulf, ifcc, (Ipsw.).

Fereman.
Exct.,

Eadsi [= Ead^ige?] {Dover, LomL).

Eadsige,
Edsige,
&c.

(Dover,

Vh

c>.ifl

(II( ref.).

Jjond.).

Eadulf

\_

= Eadwulf]

Eadwc'urd,

Eadwenl,

(Loud.). Ivhvi rd,

tttaiut".,

Folherd or FoUired (Ip-sw.). Fre^en-iiie or FriSiwiue (Steyn.).

\c

('LM\{\.,Sontlnc.,

Waliiiigf.,

W iucliixt.).
Eudichi or

Edwig

(Loud., Oxf., Thrt/.).

Eadwine, Edwiiie, &c. (Gimlir., Cunt.,

Colrh., Dover, I^xit., lifwes, Ijoud., Ox/., iSouthamp., Southw., Staiiif.,

Frei[c](Loiid.). Fri^col (York). Garidf(]nnchest.). Gcerlaf (Ipsic). (iimulf, see Grimulf.

Gnorine (Roch.). God, Goda, Godd,

kc.

(Extt.,

Ilc'i.,

Taunt.,
chest.).

lliet/..

Walling/.,

Wln-

Land., Shaft., Winehest., Wore).

Godaman,

see

Go

Imaii.

Eadwold, Edicold, &c. (Cant., Loml.). Eacrn (Li)nd.). EuMabeard or Ealdeberd (Exet.). Euldrcd (Litvcii, Loitd., llidf.). Ealgar (Loud.). Eardnoi or iVc/o<5 [of Eaduo<5](Zo(?.,
.

Godan [ = Goda <>r Gudinan?] (Exet). Godcild, Gotcild, &c. (Wateh.).

Godcira (iMud.). Godefro?, Jodefri^i, &e. (Cant., Lewes). Godela^ (Hunt.). Godeleof or Godleof (Hunt., Loud.,
(

liontn.).

Stamf.).

Earncijtel, see Arncotel.

Godeman,

see

Godman.

Earngrim

or

Ennin'm (York).

Goderc, Goddere, &c. (Lond., Maid.).

Eerie [ = Elric y] (Stevu.). Edel.-, see .E?el.Edgar, see Eddijar. Ednuer (Exet.). Edric or Ediric [see aho Eadric] (ILrrf., Tpxir., Lang., i/;ic., Luiul., U'aunt., TlietJ'.). Edsie or Edsii [ = Edi3ige?] (Dover, Exet.).
Edsige,
siee

Godgnd [=(to(Z] (Lond.).

Giidic (Gh)uc.).

(Iodine (Land.).

Eadsigo.
(E.xet.).

Edsigcwarc

Eduta (Lond.). Edwuld, see Eadwold.

Godleof, S(e Godeleof. Godiuiin, Godaman, Godeman, or Gorman (Br 1st., Cant., Crickl., Dovt, Hunt., Jjewes, Lond., Oxf., llomi., Tlietf., Winehest., Ynrk). Godrie, Goodn'r, Gotiie, &c. (Bed/., Cant., Chest., Coleh., Derby, Gloue., Hunt., Ilch., Lino., Ijond., Lyd/., Lymw, lioiim., Southamp., Stand'.,
Winehest., York).

Eduar

or

Edward

(Lewefi).

Godric and Calic (Lond.).

[ = EadweardV] (None). Edwerd, sec Eatlwcard. Edwig, see Eadicig.

Edwear

Edwiiie, see Eadwiuc. Ejic (Xorw.). Egelwig, see iEgelwig.

Swot (Lino.). Godsnnu (Cambr., Cant.). Godiri [ = Godwine?] (Chest., Lond.). Godwine, Godwin, fee. (IJrdf., (.'amhr..
(iodric and Godsiine or Cant., Chest., Crirhi., (J lone., Ilrh., Lane., Lang., Line., Loud., Maid., Mylf., Norw., Oxf., Uoeli., Sidish., Shrews., 8t;imf., Thil/., Widlim/.,

Egelwine, see /Egclwinc. Egligt?(Bed/.). Eilu-iije-^ [ = yElfwig?] (Th<f/.).

Eh,ri<i
[

Warw., Winehest.).

= .Eir\vlg?i
(Chest.).

(Here/.).

Elf.- see .Eir.-

Eht(U(tst.).

Godwine Cas? (Winehest.). Godwine and Ceoca, Ac. ( Winehest.). Godwine anil Widia ( Winehest.).
Goerc
[ = Goderc?J Goine (iMnd.).

Endiwern
Eoli

(I.ond.).

(Ol^iis'O. Estaii, see Jlistan.

Etsigc, &c.
Exet.,

\_see

also

Eadsigc] (Dover,
Lomi.,
Stdi.^b.,

Goldus Gonian

(Salisb.).

Hast.,

Shrews.).

[ = (;odninn] (Lond.). Giiuwine, See (iodwinc. Golsidin (Ipsw.).

Eistan

[cf. ^h'stn7i:]

(Here/., Shreic*.).

Grim (Cambr.,
Griman.

Tjond., Norw., Shrews.).

Etiige [ = Et8ige] (Shrews.). E5ii.-, see iESel.Fxrgriin, Fargiim, &c. (Slam/., York). Ficri'ciii, /'Vc/^of, Ear?ein, \c, (lluid

(Jrinieclel or Grimcytel (\Ano.).

(Jriinolf, (Jrimulf, Ac.
,

(York).

(irncan,

,<

Crne.m.

York).

G ridigar.

lilO
(Jrurn, $re C'rnrn. (Iiiiiliiritt ( York).

ENGLAND.
Liofwiiw,
CUi'h.,
Li'ifwine,
Ci'ilrh.,

kc. (" Acxewo*'

Cant., (JIiohL.

Hall,, llrdC,

lirist..

(Jmiliof or f 'iiM/(/(ClicHt.). <liiuiij ( Itnnr). (IuhIoii, (Jimlin, &c. [ nlno

(Mil.).

lustiii]

Ilntimin i>r llutnmn (Sorw.)

[=

Ilwnliman?']

Ifitirf'rrnut (J.inr., York). ini.lolf or IliMnlt(Ynrk). Jlil.lr.<l (Crirhl., Yorl:).

Dover, Kx<t., Hast.. Hunt., Ilrh., Lewis, Line, Lond.. Honin., Itnrh., Norsv., Maid., Shrews., 8idl(., Southufiip , St;inif., Wahlurjh., Wal:ini;f., Thetf., Wiirw., WinelnHt., Y'orh). wold (Lond., Shrews., Soutluimp., Leof
Stnnif., Wincliett.).

Iliiun or lliiuiiti (iU'i/m). lluiiiin:m (Kxft., Soiithw.). lluiicwino (Exct., Lntul, Watch.). iriihmnn or lIicatiiKtn (^Uurck., Nunc).

Leomnr [= Leodtn.-cr] (Jedh., jAmd.). Leomman, Lcmman, Sec (Lond.).

Lcomred [=Leofred
Jjeowi

[=

?] (Loud.). Lenfirig ?] (Chest., Warw.).

Leowidi

(Che*t.).
(T<jtn.).
[cf.

Iliihl (TA^nd.).
Jiiiiniis

IjCoSan (Line.).

(Li/mnc).

Lerman
Jjewerd

lr.-(Y(irk).
l^ajoil {Kx(t.).

Liofwerd] (Lond).

Imirttnl

Winrhed.).
lubtt'in,

Lifine, Lcofmg, &c. (Chest., Crleld., Exel., ILrl., Ipsw., Line., Lond.,

luBtffrt'ii,

Iiutin,

ludan, &c.

(liinc).
Tiadniier, see

Oxf., Ri-tf., Soulhw., Thetf., Winrhent.).

Warw.,

Leodmajr.
(Stamf.).

Lnii'l/tri.

Ufwidya (None.). Ia(.-, see also Leof.Lindwin

(Line.).

Lcoiwaf,

= Lpofwino?]

Leof ric ?j {Steijn.). J,rrif [ Lvfit, see liCofa.

Lrfti [ = Leofa?] (Sonihamp.). Lffxtan and Swcnc {Lond.). Lcmriuin, see Leommmi.
IjCinheii, scr I.cofd.-vn.

Liofhelm (Line.).
Lio/'man (Lond.). Liofn (Bedf).
Lio'fnoii [

= Liofhelm?]
(Ijond.).

(Line.).

Liofwerd

Liof.-, see also Leof.-

liadiuaT, Leoi)uvr,&c. (Line., Wiiu'lu'st). Leofii, Le/d, &e. (Chest., Lewes).

lA'0(liiia>r,

Liwinc

= Liof\vine?]

(Chest.).

IjOc ( Windiest.).

Loda
Lufa

= Goda?]

(Cswa?).

[=Leof(legn?J (Staiul'.). LcofJesCn] (Stamf.). Lcofidxg [ = Leofdegn3 (Stamf.). Leo/qixr or Leofgxr (Here/., Lond.,
Lciiftlicu

(Siiaft.).

Totn.).
Leojlii re
litofiiic
I

(Hen/.).

or Leofing, see Lifinc. Leof, [ LeofiioriV] (Here/.). LeofnaH, LeofiioS, Lio/no^, &c. (Cant., Gloiie., Chest., Here/., Lewes, Southiimp., Wiiichest.). Leof rod (Lund.). Leo/red and Brun (Lond.). Leofric (Dnch., Cunt., Chieh., Diinic, Hert., Ijyuw., Line., Lond., None, Southic, St<im/., Theif.). Leo/si, Leo/sig, Leofsige, &c. (Bath, B'df., Caiubr., Chest., Glonc.. llch., Ipsic, Leices, Lend., Stamf.,

Luferic [ = Leofric ?] (Wore.). Lufestan [^Leofotan?] (Salish.). Lufwine [ = Leof wine?] (Dover). Lyiinc, see Lidne. MacsuT>a[n] [ = MateTian?] (Chest.). Man, JIaua, ^lann, or Manna (Exet., Line., Norw., Tlietf., Wallingf., Welmcsf.).

Mangod
Mansige

[cf.

Godman]

(Bedf.).

Maninc (Dover).
(Siidb.).

Mutan [ = Matean?] (Line.). Mutaian and Balhw (Line.).

MateTian, IMatSan, &c. (Line). Moglu (Norw.). Moleman (Lond.).

Mas

(llch.).

Warm.).
Leofstan, Leostm, Linfstan, &c. (Cant., Ipsw., Lond., Sidisb., Shreics., Winche*t..

Nieici (Lond.). Noridf (Stamf.). Nor'fimin (Lewes).

Olm?
Oda,

(Fxind.).

More).

Ijeofstegen (Ipsic). Ijoofsunu (^V inoliest.).

Odea, or Ode ("Dnceniti" = " Meonre," Windiest.?, Ipsic, Winchest.).

X^i/iri Q; ?]

{Chest, Line, Lond-, Wavfh., Wane). Leoftriff(Cnmhr., Cliest.. Lond., Wanr.).

Ordltriht ( Winchest.).
Or.iric (Heref.).
Orisf, Orst, &c. (Camhr.).

CNUT,
Osharn or Osborii (Dorch., YoHO. Osferft (Liuc).
[gee

247

also

Oibern]

Osfram

= Osgram?]

(Line.)-

Os(jar {Dorch.).

Osgod, Osgot, Osgut, York). Osgrim, see O^grira. Osliic (Line, None).

&c.

{Line,

Oslaf {Lond.). Ontnnnd (Line). Osulf (Loud., Theff.). Onioard or Oswerd (Stamf.). Oswi, Oswig, &c. (Ilcli.).

Suetinc, Stcetinc, &c. {Land., Mijlt.). Suinolf = 8unolf\ {York). Sumerleda, Sumerlu<5a, Sumerlida, &o. (Line, Lond., None, TJietf.). Sunegod [cf. Godsune'} (Line). Sunolf (York). Surtinc, Syrtinc, &c. [ = Swyrtinc]' {Line, York). Sivafa {Line). Swan (Lond.).
\_

Swart,

Swarnfuc or Swerafuc {Windiest.). Swcarta, Swert, &c. (Line,

Stamf.).

Oswald (Norio., Nott., Stamf.). Oustman ( York). OiSgrim or Oc^grim (Line, Yorlc). Owulsige (Here/.). O^au, OMii, 0?>in, &c. (York). O'iharn or Other n (Line). Oibi (No7-w.). Ot5grim, see Ougrim.
Ofi^encar {Lond.). Kicfen (York).
Riciuilf, liienidf, or Iiinidf CS or w.) Kuiistiin [=Brunstau?] (Thctf.).

Swartafa, Swertafa, &c. {Dover). Swartinc, Sweartinc, Swcrtiiic, &c. (Chest., Derby, lAnc, Norie, York). Sweartabrand, Swertebraud, &e (Line).

Swegeu

(Chest., Southie, York).

Swenc, Swencel, &c. {Lond). Swet or Siceta {Cadb., Dorch.).

Swetinc, see Suetinc. Swileman (Winchest.). Swot or Swota (Bedf., Line, Shretvs.). Stcrelinc [ = Swertinc] {Soutlue). Sicrunt {Thetf). Syboda, see Sigtxida. Svrtinf, .see Surtinc.

SiL'grim (Xott., Thetf.).

Sieman

{Salisb.). Lijdf.,

Ssewino {Brist., Exet., Hythe,

Oxf., Shaft., Totn.). Scula or Sculaa {Exet., Yorli). Secoll or Sdecol [of. Snecull^ { Yorh). Seolca { Winched.). Sertino [ = S\vurtiiic?] {York). Siboda, s?e Sigboda. Sihriht {Ijond.). Sibivine {Oxf.).

Tidred {Tlietf.). Toca, Tooca, &e [=Toga?] (Crickl., Lond., Southie, York).

Trotan (Chtst.).

Uceadc or Ucede (York). Ulf (Line, JUehb.).

Ulfbeorn {Line). Uifcetel {Line, Lond., " Ustla," York). Ulfgrini {York). Umer^ {Line).

Sidewine {Crichl.). Sigar or Sigear (Winchest.). Sigbuda, Sipoda, or Sibode {Souihamj}.,

Windiest.). Sigodia [ Sigboda?'] CWiuchcbt.). SinoTS {Ijond.).

Ustman { York). Unlgist {Thetf.). Wa'dlos, Weeilos, Wicdd {Baih).

&e

{Line).

Wxhjist {Thetf.). Widrefan, Walrxffen, &c. {Line).

Sirioiid (Loud.).

Siric [

Sired (Glouc, Loud.). = Sihtric?] (Norw., liichb.). Snuiwine or Sneaivine {Guild., Winchest.).

Ware? (Exet.). Wataman or Wateman

None). Weddes, Wedles, &c. (Line). Wdsit {Thetf.).
Wesig {Lond.).

{Bridgen.,

Sneeoll [see also Secoll, itc] Snel or Sitell {Cliest.).

York).

Widia or Wudia

{Stei/n., Wiitehc.<t.).
?J

Sneling {Line). Sola [cf. Swota] {Bedf). Spot, s<'e Swot. Sprafu! (WiiRdiist.).
Stiuiigriiu or Steingrini (Caiiibr.).

Widna [=

ir/rZm

(Stevn.).

Wihred [cf. Winrcd] (Cant.). Wihtsigf or Wihtsic (Wiucliest.).

1
1

7///(-- (/.;/-//.).

M'inas or

Winus

[cf.

Wine]

(Cadb.,

Staner {limit.).

Crcwk.).

Stanmnr

{Thetf.). Stirc, Stircar, or Stirrer (York).

Wine or Winne (ExH., Winchest.). Winean [of. Wine] (Thetf).

Winedicig,
(Cinit.).

Stircol, Stvrfol, .Vo. (York).

Wincdcig,

Wineditj,

&c.

Stinlf(Lond.). Suurtcol { Wi i/h.).

Wiiteiiod [

= Godwiui'] (Warm).

248
VVinrman
(f^iJioh., Tliotf.).

ENOLAN'l).
WiilfMtni), Wid/Htin.oT Wiilntan (Brist., ('(inf.. Ivxct.. JIunt., Liic., Jjind,,

AViiirrlor ir./Hm/frf. Wihrrd] (Cani.). WiiiKtu [ -Wiiihtaii] (Ihnf). IIVhiii fcf. H'v/ic/) (hniil). 'WitiHluii or Wyn*tan (Sivlisb.).
'WitniH, dir ir/ri'/K.
"NVi^riii.

South ic, York). Wull'innl ( Kxcl.,

" Totrl.").
Wulfu-iri (Cant.y

Glouc,

Shrfwt.,

Wiroriiic, Ac. (York). H7l(/lr^<;/n or n7<icJSc^n (C(in<., Lei'c).

Wiiilid,

Wuifwiiif! or

Wulwino

(Brist., Coldi.,

Crirhl., Leic,
W(dlinrif.).

Line, Lond., Ox/.,

mr

Wiiliii.

"\Viillrii,

Wiillirorn,

Wulfbcm,
(Dover).

&c.

(T.inr., AViiuln-Bt.).

\Vulmiod [=\Viilfno?] (Lond.). Wnlu-i r = Wulf\vig or Wulfwiue

(Oxf.).

?]

"WiillVi f =:\ViiIf8ig?J (J),rh,/).

Mulhh

Wul.-,

"Wiiir.

iiii

(Hell.).

Wwm or Wyngi [ = Wyn8ige?] (Lond.,

Southw.).

Me

al.so

"Wulf.-

MulOrd r^Wnlfred] (Land.)

AVulf','ar(Lnn.l.) Wiil/fjiii or Wiil/fiii (Line, S]ireicg.'). AVultrii.Tr, WiiIniiLT, itc. (C((/6r., Jedb.,
J.dud.,

Wynsigc

(Jiri*t.,

Hunt., Lond.).

Oxf.,

liomn..

Shrews.,

Thitf., ^Vnrc.).

V\'ulfiio,"\Vulno, Wulnaf'^&c. (Chest, Glouc, Ijcic, Line, Ljond., limnn..

^Vytl8tan (Ijond.). Wlinicid (Cunt.). pegcnwine (Exet.). peodred (Lond.). peorxi) or porei [= peodred] (Lond.).

perman
porcitl,

(Jjond.).

Shaft., Slam/., AViiichest., York).

Wiilfrocl, Wiil/ri/d, &c. (Louil., S(dish.,

purcetl,
[

&c.

(Line,
or

Lond.,

Tories.),

Slirews.).

punstnn

purstan

Wunstan]

Wulfric

("Ecornc."
Line.,

=York?,

Exet.,

(Land.),
pjircil [cf. purcetl'} (Lond.).

Lond., Southw., ^ynrw., Winched., York?). ir7/*!/ [cf. Wulfsig] (Camhr., Qiest.,
Jlerl., Siuithic.).

pureferh, purferd, &c. (Xorw., Thetf.).

purgod

(Exet.).i
Y^'ork).

purgrim, purim, &c. (LJnc,

W'lilsige,

"W'ulMfj,

iVulMfir,

(C'ninbr.,

Gudd.,

Hercf.,

&c. Land.,

Stam/., York).

purstan, pure>:tan, kc. (Lond., None., Stamf., Taunt.), pvrali (Line, Stamf.).

Description of Types.*

Obverse.

'

t Type
I

i.

Bust 1., diademed. Around, inscription betwccn two circles.

Small cross patte'e. Around, inscription between two circles.

[Hiid., PI. 5,

Type A.]

Ilildpbrand, T\. 6,

Types D. and D. far. a are Danish, and are therefore not included

in the

following

list.

+ The slnpl.- specimen of this coin (!e No. 609, p. 300) in the National of an uucrtain nint. is too much worn to allow of being illu.~tratc<l.

Collection, besides being

CNUT.

249

Obverse.

Type
Bust
I.

ii.

Around,

inscription

outer

Long cross

circle.

voided, each limJt terminating in three crescents ; pelbt in centre. Around, inscription : outer circle.

[Hild., ri.

6,

Type B.]

Type
Bust
in front, shield. Around, inscription divided by bust outer circle.
I.,
;

iii.

crowned

Quadrilateral ornament icith three pellets at each angle, over ichich long cross raided, each limb terminating in three crescents ; pelht in centre.

Around, inscription

outer circle.

[Ilild.,

n.

6.

TypeC]

Type
Bust
I.
.

iv.

A round, inscription divided by

outer circle.

bust

Over qnatre/oil zcilh pclht at apex of each cusp, lung cross voided, each limb terminating in three crescentJ< pellet in centre. Around, inscri2>tion
:

outer circle.

[Ilild., PI. 7,

TypeE.

var.f.'\

2:)U

ENOLANK.
ObverM.
Revcrne.

Type
Jtut
I.,

iv. var. a.
I

lUiKlemi'il.

Aroniiil, iiiHcrijition

Same

lad.

biiicvcn

two

circltH.

[Ilild., PI. 7,

'J'yj'i:

E. var.

</.J

Type
i^f/jf/
/.,

V.

rroirited,

wiiliiii
:

quatrefoil.

Small

crosa patt^e.

Around, inscription

Aruund, inscription

outer circle.

between

tico circles.

[Ilikl., ri. 5,

Type A.
V. var. a.
I

var. a.]

Type
Dust
crowned. Around, inscription bitwven two circles.
I.,

Same,

[Uild.,

n.

5,

Type A.
vi.

var.

h.']

Type
Ihist

diademed; sceptre in lift hand. Around, inscrijition divided by bust :

I.,

Small cross pat tee. Around, inscription between two circles.

outer circle.

[llil.l.,

n,

0, 7>/v=

A. car.

r.]

CNUT.

251
Be verse.

Obverse.

Type
Bunt I., croivned, tcitliin qnatrefoil. Around, inscription : outer circle.

vii.

Long

cross voided, each limb terminating in three crescents. Around, inscription : outer circle.

[Hild., PI. 7, Type E. var.

l:.]

Type
Bust
qnatrefoil ;* 1., crowned, witliin with or without pellet inside eacli
,

viii.

On

cusp.
circle.

Aronnd,

inscription

outer
i

qnatrefoil, with pellet at apex of each cus]i, long ero?s voided, each limb terminating in three crescents; Around, iuscrippellet in centre.
tion
:

outer circle.

[Cf. PI.

XYir.

1-3, &c.]

Type
Similar; bust
r.

viii.

var. a.

Same.
I

[Cf. PI.

XIX.
var.

15.]

Type
Similar
;

viii.

h.

bust

1.

in front, sceptre.

Same.

[Cf. No. 220, p. 271.]

Type
Similar
;

viii.

var.

c.

qnatrefoil

hrol-en

hy

huM,

Similar

angles of qnatrefoil slightly

tchich divides inscription.

arched.

[Ilild., PI.

(J,

Ty2)e E. var. h.]

arc

on pome specimens the angles * The qnatrefoils on the obverse and reverse vary in form much arched on others very slightly so that the ruiatrofoil approaches the lorra of a cirtli-.
; ;

'>V)

KN(JLANI).

Obvenic.

Rcvenio.

Tijpn
Finiiliir;
IhihI
1.,

viii.
I

var. d.

dituli'inrd,

within
[Cf. ri.

Sumo

aa
2.]

l.itt.

iiuiilri'ftiil.
{

XVIH.
ix.

Type
But
icearing pointed helmet ; in 1., Aroinid, inwription front, urejitre. liiliriin tiro cirehx, ilirided hij IniHt.

On

qnatrefoil, with pellet fit apex of each cusp, long cross voided, each limh terminating in three crescents ;
pellet in centre.

Around, inscription

outer circle.

[Ilil.l..

n.

7,

Type E. var.
X.

/i.]

Type
Dust
1.,

crowned, witliin quatrcfoil.

:

On

Around, inscription

outer circle.

quatrcfoil, with three pellets at apex of each cusp, long cross voided, each limb torminatiug in three crescents. Arouud, inscription: outer

circle.

[Cf. ri.

XYII.
xi.

12.]

Type
Bust L, crowned, icithin qnatrefoil. Around, inscription: outer circle.

Long

cross

voided,

each limb termi-

minating in three crescents; in each angle,annuht enclosing pellet. Around,

inscription
:

outer circle.

[Hild.,

n.

7,

Type E.
xii.

var.

?.]

Type
scojitrc in loft Bust 1., diudomod hand. Around, inscription dividid by bust: out< r liid.'.
;

Long

cross voided, each limb terminating in crescent in centre, circlo enclosing pellet ; in angles, PA C X. Around, inscription outer circle.
; :

[Cf. ri.

XVIII. 15]

CNUT.

253

Obverse.

Reverse.

Type
J},ist

xiii.

h
J>ii.<t
:

Aromul, imcription divided

outer circle.

by

Short cross voided, limbs united at base by tico circles; in rack ciugle, annulet
enclosing pellet.

Around, inscription

between

tico circles.

[llil.l, ]'l. 7,

Type G.
xiv.

var.

b.]

Type
lUist

wearing^ pointed lu'lmot in fioiit, sccplre. Around, inscriplion between two circles, divided by bust.
1.,
;

Short cross voided, limbs united at base by two circlf.s in centre, jjellet in each an^le, bnjken annnlet en;

closing

i)ellct.

Aroimd, inscription

between two
[Cf. PI.

circles.

XVII.

5.]

Type
Similar;
Ini.st r.

xiv. rar. a.

Same.
I

[Cf. PI.

XYII.

13.]

Type XV.
Jliist
/.,

rrdinied.

Around., inscription

between two circles.

Short cross voided, limbs united ot base by two circles; in centre, pellet; in each angle, brohen anmdet enclosing
pellet.

Around, inscrijdion between

two

circles.

[llild.,

l'\.

8,

Type G.

var.

c]

Tyjje xvi

Bust ]., diademed; in front, sceptre* Around, insciiptioii divided by bust

outer circle.
[Cf. PI.

Short cross voided

euclo.-sing

in centre,

circle

pellet.

Around, inscripcircles.

tion between

two

XVII.

4.]

* The sceptre varies in form, terminating either in a fleur-de-lis, a flnlal, or a crozler (see HiUlebrand, PI. 8, Types H., H. var. a, aud II. rar. 6.). The flciir-de-Iis t.\ pe is the ouly one represented in the National Collection.

2.-1

ENGLAND.
Beverae.

Type
Similar
;

xvi. var. a.
I

tM/orr

hiixt,

pennon.

Same.

[Ilild.,

I'l.

8,

Tyj^e

H.

var.

c]

Type
Similfir
;

xvi. var. b.
|

sci'plre

rude hmt tcithout diadvin; lerminates in Jleur-de-l is.

Similar ; in centre, pdht

ohJij.

[KM.,

PI. 8,

Type H.

var. cZ]

r/^e xvii.
lUist
l>y
1.,
fl

iiidenicd

.sceptre

in

k-ft

liiiiul.

Around, inscription divided

:

bust

outer circle.
[Cf. PI.

Over short cross voided, quadrilateral ornament with pellet at each an^le and in centre. Around, inscription between two circles. XVII. 7.]

Type
h'milar
;

xvii. var. a.
\

srepfre not held by hand.

Same.

[Ilild., ri. 8,

Type
xviii.

I.

var. a.]

Type
Dust
?.,

front, ^cci'tre.

wearing pointed lulmet ; in Around, inscription

circle.s,

bttwten tav

divided by bust.

Over short cross voided, quadrilateral ornament irilh pdlet at each angle and in centre. Around, inscription between two circles.

[Ilild., PI. 8,

Type

I.

var.

c]

CNUT.

255
Reverse.

Obverse.

Type
Bust
1.,

xix.

(liadeiiK

il

iu

front,

sceptre

Aioiiiifl, iiiscriiition

divided by bust
!

outer circle.

Over ehort cross voided, qundrilateral ornament with three pellets at eiich angle and one in centre. Around, inscription between two
circles.
3.]

[Cf. PI.

XIX.

Type XX.
Bust
1.,

din(l(nif'd.

Around, inscrip
:

Cros-',

tion divided

by butt

outer circle.
[Cf. PI.

ronipo.^od of four oval.s united at base by two circle.-*. Around, inscription outer circle.
:

XIX.

4.]

Type XX. var.

Similar; in front of
hnf.t,

a.

sceptre.

Similar; in cent re of

cross, pellet.

[Ilild., PI. 9,

Ty^yr

K. var.

a.]

Description of Coins.

No.

2r)fi

EN01-ANI>.

No.

Obverse.

Rcverao.

Moneyer.

BAOAN.
[IJiith.]

Tijpc viii.

I-CNVT REX ANDL0R: 4</ELFRIC 0N BET^ON

AVt. 22-3.

iElfric.

RE^I^

ANCLORVM ^/EOELRIE N
f/E)EST7\N

B-7X07^

iE(5cIric.

"Wt. 22-5.

REt
[PI.

N
BTXeTXN Wt. 227.

XVII. 2]

R[EX A]NLL-0

^/E)E[ST7\].N

0N

B7^)

RVM
7XNDL-0RV

(Broken.)

J-SL-FPZtLD

B7?)
17-3.

Alfwald or
Alfwold.

Wt.

REX ANCL
RVM
Type

i^7lLFFLD

N BET^ON
Wt. 220.

xiv.

t'ENVT RECX:
I

^/EOESTAN ON
^/EOEST7\N
:

B7X
15-3.

-^^estan.

Wt.
10

^ENVT

EX ANL:

ON
B7\D7V
AVt. 170.

11

i^ESTT^N

ON

B7\)7^NN

Estan( =
iESestau
?).

Wt. 16-6
Type

xvi.

^ENVT RECX.
13

^/ELFRIC ON
1/E)ESTAN

B7^)A

.^Ifric.

Wt.

17-5.

REEX.-

ON B7\0
Wt.
lS-5.

.^Sestan.

BEDEFORD.
[Bedford.]

Type

viii.

tENVT REX ANLLO

RVM
[I'l.

^QODPINE M BED
AVt. 20-0.
3.]

God wine.

XVII.

CNUT.

257

No.

258

ENGLAND.
Rcvoree.

No.

01)vcrie.

Moneyer.

CADANBYRIG.
[Cadbury.]

Type \in.

Hi

t-CNVT

REX T^NDLO RVM

[I'l.

>^/ELFEL-M ON CAD
^Vt. 11-7.
6.]

^Ifelm.

XVII.

C/ENTPARABYRIG.
[Canterbury.]

Type
25

viii.

^CNVT REX ANLL0R

^PINEDEID N CENWt.
12-3.

'

Winedeig.

Type
26

xiv.

^CNVT REX

7XNLL

i*LE0FN0O M-ON

LeofnoS.
16-8.

CENT:
Wt.

27

TXNLLO

t'PVLSTTXN

ON
EENTP7\
Wt.
:

Wulstan
(^VullstaIl).
!

15-8.

Type
28

xvi.

CNUT.

259

No.

'iCO

ENGLAND.
Reverse.

No.

Obvoron.

Moneycr.

42

I-CNVT REX ANLL

f-EOELFINE

N CROC,
Wt.
lG-0.

ESclwine.

RVM

48

MINVT REX ANDL0 RVM

[I'l.

"t-CODEMAN N CRC
Wt.
23-2.

Gr>dcman (Godman).

XVII. 8]

44

ANLLORV

I'TOCA ON CROiC
CIL
Wt.
14-8.

Toca.

CRUCERN.
[Orcwkerne.]

Type
45

xvi.

^ENVT REEX
[PI.

^PINVS ON CRVCE
Wt.
9.]

Winus?

17-0.

XYII.

DOFERAN.
[Dover.]

Type
46

viii.

.l-CNVT

REX AISCLORV

^QODMAN DOF
Wt.
16-5.

Godman.
Wulfci

47

[AN]DLR
I

i'PV[L]FC:l

ON DOF:

(=
?).

(Broken.) Wulfsige

Tijpe xiv.

48

I^ENVT: RECX A:
[PI.

^EINSILE ON

Cinsige.

D0FRAN:
Wt.
15-5.

XVII.

10.]

49

l^ENV- T R-EX

A-

^L-EOFPINE ON DOF
Wt.
16-8.

Leofwine.

Type
50
'

xvi.

i-ENVT

REEX:

^BOEA: ON DOFR
Wt.
16-2.

13ora

(Boiga).
Cinsige.

51

I'ENVT -.-REEX:

I<EINSICE

ON DOFRWt.
17-0.

52

>^ENV T RECX-

^EDPINE ON DOFERA'
Wt.
14-6.

Edwine.

CNUT.

261

No.

202

CNUT.

263

No.

Obverse.

81

82

83

81

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

2G-1

E^ULAND.

No.

CNUT.

265

No.

2{;g

KN(iLANI).

No.

CNUT.

267

No.

208
No.

KNULANO.

CNUT.

269

No.

270
No.

ENGLAND.

CNUT.

271

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Moneyer.
Sired.
16-6.

21 'J

i<CNVT

REX ANLL0R
liLt.d,

'

4*SIRED ON CLEP
Wt.

Var. Bcfuru

Ti/jje viii. var. b.

220

I^CNVT REX ANCL0:

i<ENVT

-^CODPINE O CLE
Wt.
15-8.

Godwine.

221

REX ANLL-0R

^LODPINE:
]'ar.

DL-P
Wt. 17

Pullut in each angle of cross.

3.

Type
222

viii.

var. d.

^CNVT REX

SNLL-.[Pi.

't'C0DPINE
XVIII.
2.]

0N CLEP
Wt.
17-4.

Godwins.

Type
223

xiv.

I'E-NV:

T REX

7^-N-

i<B0L-L-A

0N CL-EPE
Wt. 16
3.

Bella.

224

I<E-NVT R-EX TX-NC

^C0D-R-IC 0-N LL-EPE

Wt.
J

Godric.

7-5.

Type
225

xvi.

i<ENV T RECX:

tCODRIC ON LEPE:
Wt.
18-8.

Godric.

22G

^ENV

R-ECX

I'SIRED

0N CL-EDE:
Wt. 150.

Sired.

227

^ENVT -RECX-.-

tPVLNQO ON CLEP
Wt.
17-5.

WuliioTi

(WuIfnoS).

GRANTEBRYCGE.
[Cambridge.]

Type
228

viii.

't'ENVT

REX ANLLO

4^5T/ENGRIM O LRA
AVt. 11-2.

Stasngrira.

220

ANCL0R

-J-PVPZIL

ON LRA
Wt. 110.

Wulfaig.

Type
230

xiv.

I^ENVT REEX A

^ADA ON CRANTI
Wt.
11-3.

A. la.

KNGLVNl).

No.

CNUT.

273
Moneycr.

Obverse.

HEORTFORD.
[Hertford.]

Type
239

xvi.

tCNV- T REC
I^CNV

^CEORSICE ON

l-EO Wt. 15-7.

Deorsige.

240

T REC

^LEOFRIC ON HEO:
Var. Pellet only in centre of cross.

Lcofric.

Wt.
241

15-7.

R-EEX A
REC-X:

HEOR
Wt.
15-5.

242

4<EE0FRIC ON HEOR
Wt.
14-7.

243

I<CNVT:

-T

REX-.

i^L-EORIC ON HE-ORT
Wt.
17-8.

244

^ENV

-T REX-.-

Wt.
[PI.

17-4.

XVIII.

7.]

HEREFORD.
[Hereford.]

Type
245

xiv.

-i<CNVT R

EX ANI

i^:FLEC-BIFL

ON

FleclSifl ?
13-5.

HREN
Wt.

246

i^E-NVT:

REX

A-rC
I

^OR-DRIC: ON HER-E:
Wt.
8.]

Oniric.

17-5.

[PI.

XVIII.

Tyi)e xvi.

247

i-CNV

T REC
I I

4-ELEPII

ON HEREF
Wt.
is-n.

'

Elfwinc?

248

4-ENVT

R-

ECX

I'PVLSICE

ON HERE-:
Wt.
18-3.

Wulsige
(Wulf8ii,'o)
r

'J.U

NULANL>.

No.

ObvetM.

Beveise.

Monejrcr.

HUNTANDUNE.
[Huntingdon.]

Type 249

viii.

4CNVT REX ANCLO)

i'DODRIC

MO HVN
(liroktn.)

f^xlric.

Type
250

xiv.

4CNVT R-EX ANG

^'CODLEOF N HVNT
Wt. 16-5

Godleof.

2'A

RECX

A:

"i-LTEOCDINE
I-PVNSICE: O
[PI.

N VN
Wt.

Leofwine.

11-8.

252

*CNVT: REX AN

VNTDNE
Wt. 15 3

Wynsige.

xvm.

9.]

HYOA.
[Hythe.]

Typ>: viii.

253

*CNVT REX
T^NDLORVM
[PI.
I

i'S/EPINE
|

OL H\)A
Wt.
14-2.

t?aDwinc.

XVIII.

10.]

L/EFES.
[Lewes.]

Type
254

viii.

iCNVT.

REX-

J-DODEFREO: N LE
Wt. 200.

Godefre*.

ANGLORVi
255

^CNVT: REX ANLLORV

[PI.

^LEOFNOD M
11.]

L/tP
Wt.
20-6.

Leofno'b.

XVIII.

Type

xiv.
,

256

iCNVT=

REEX

7^

J'/ELFPERD
i'CLLINI

N L/EPE
Wt.
15-7.

..Elfweard.

257

*CNVT- REX AN

L/EP
Wt. 13
4.

Colliui ( Colling?).

CNUT.

275

No.

liTG

ENGLAND.
Obvone.
Reverse.

No.

Moneyer.

2G8

HhUNVT: RECX A
[I'l.

'I'PVLNOO

N LEHR
\Vt.

WulnoX
(Wulfiioft).

17G.

XVin.

13.]

'2(5'.)

I-CNV T REC:

pPVLSTAN ON L-EHRWt.
lG-2.

Wulstan
(Wulfatan),

LEIGECEASTER,
[Chester.]

Etc.

Type
270

viii.

^CNVT REX ANGLORV

[PI.

i'/ELFNOG ON LEI
Wt. 200.

iElfuo.

XVIII. H.]

271

I-DNT

REX 7JNDLORVM

i>/ELFS\

ON

LEI
AVt.

uElfsige.

Var. Pellet before head.

ISO.

272
V(ir.

^/ELF$IL ON LEI
Pellet before head.

Wt.

20-2.

273

^CNVT

^/E-DERIC ON LEG
Wt.
20-9.

^Xeric

(=

^Selric).

274

i</EORlC

ON LE-LE
Wl.
21-7.

275

7XNDL0RVM

"i^ALLSi

ON LEGE
Wt.
15-3.

(=

Alcsi(g) Alfdig or

-^Elfsig?).

276

TXrCLORV

fCROFL

01/1

LEI
Wt.
14-2.

Crofl.

277

^ENV.T REX ANGLOR

-I-CNVT

>i<ELEPINE

ON LEG
(Chipped.)

Elfwine.

278

REX

ANCL0RVM
279
Var. Before head, behind, ..
'.

^ELEFINE LEGE
Wt.
20-3.

Wt. 170.

280

^CNVT-

i'CODRIC-

ON L-EGC
Wt. 201.

Godric.

2hl

^CNVT REX Z^NLLOR

-^LODFINE 0N_E
Wt.
15-5.

Godwino.

2o2

ON

LEI
v;t. 10-2.

CNUT.

277
Moncyor.

Obverse.

283

I^CNVT

REX
7SNQL0RVM
.'

i-LVNLEOF ON LEC
Wt.
17-3.
;

Gunloof.

Var. Buforc 1k;iJ, behind, pullet.

284

..ANCLORV
Wt. 21
0.

285

^IINVT-

REX
T^NCLORVM

^LEOFENOO ON
Var.

LEI

Lcofno^.

Pellet in oiio
crosa.

angle of

Wt. 150.
28G

^ENVT REX TtNCLORV

Wt. 16
3.

287

ZSNCLORVM i<L/E-OFPINE ON L-EC

Wt. 2 IS.

Lcofwino.

288

ANLLORV.
7SNCL0RV

I^LIFIC-

ON

L-ELIWt. 14G.

Lifiuc.

289

ILIPIN-E

ON LEC
Wt.
16-2.

Liwino

Liofwiue?).
JIacbU<5a(u).

2yo

i^LNVT

7\NDL0RVM 'i'MALS.WDA ON LEI

Var. Pellet iu Held.

Wt. 17-3
291

UNLLORV.-. i-SPARTIC ON LEI

Wt.
20-4.

Swartinc.

292

^ENVT
^CNVT

i-SPARTIN

ON LEC
Wt. 200.
Swcgen.
19").

293

ANCL0RV: i^^PELEN ON LEG

Wt.

294

^CNVT

SNCLOR
7SNLLORV:

^TROTZfN ON LEG
Wt.
16-5.

Triitan.

295

^TR0TA:-N 0N

LEI
0.

Wt. 10

Type
296

xiv.

^ENVT

n-EX AN

"^/EL-FSIGE

L-EIEE
IT) 5.

..Elfsigo.

Wl. 297

Wt. 172.
298

RELX

t'CEOLHOO 0N LEIE
Wt.
1-2 5.

Ceoluo'S.

299

REX AN

iCRC N LEICES:
Wt.
l.Vf).

Cioc.

278

ENGLAND.

No.

CNUT.

279
Moneyer.

No.

Obverse.

Type
314

xiv.

't'CNVT

REX AN

I</EELMER ON LINE:
Wt.
li-5.

/E^clmaer.

315

4<CVSTIN
i'LINVT R

ON LICOLNE
Wt. 111.

Gu.stin

(=

lutitin).

316

EX

7\NC

^IVSTELEN ON LINE:
AVt. ITtj.

lustegcn.

317

^CNVT-.- EX an::

"i'lVSTEIN

ON LINE0L
Wt.
17-0.

lustein (= lustegen).
Lcofluc.

318

>tENVT REX
iENVT-.-

7^N

^LEOFINE 0N LINE
(Fraguioiitd.)

319

EX AND:

i-LEOFIND

MO LINEOL
Wt. IS
0.

320

^ENVT REX AN

'I'LEOFPNE

N LINEL
Wt.
14-3.

Leofwine.

3n
322

^CNVT REX

7XN

^LEOAN ON LINEVL
Wt. 13
0.

LcoSau.

i^ENVT REEX A

^LIQFUEH O
L-ILE0LILE:
Wt.
14-0.

Liofuen ( = Liofhelm?).

323

^ENVT

R-.-

EX ANE:
A..
'

J'OSFERO
I*[OSL]AE

M LINEOL
Wt.
15ti

OsfcrS.

324

i-ENVT.-.

EX

MO LINEOLN
(IJrokcu.)

Oslac?

325

^ENVT-.- EX ANC
'

^SVMERLIDA MO
"fSVMERL-IDTX

Lll
G.

Sumorlida.

Wt. 17

32G

i<ENVT: EX ANC

ON
LIN
Wt. 17
0.

327

"fENVT

R-.-

EX ANC:

i'SVMERLIDA

MO
LINE
Wt. 15
G.

328

EX ANC
Type

'I-PVLFPINE ON LINE
Wt. 15
xvi.
3.

Wiilfwiuc.

329

I'ENV T

REX
REX.

I/ELFN0O ON LINE:
Wt.
i<;-7.

.'Elfiio.

330

^ENV T

t-ENVT

ON LINE0LN
Wt. 170.

Cnut.

280
No.

ENOLANI).

CNUT.

281
Monoyer.

No.

350

^CNV-

-T

REX:
REC-

't'SPERTEBRAND ON_l
Wt.
17-2.

351

^CNV

-I^SPERTEBR ON

Wt.
352

L-117-2.

^EHV T -RECX
iENVT -RECX-.-

t'PEDDES ON LNNEOL
Wt.
IG-l.

WoildcB.

353

^PVL-BERN ON

L-INC: Wt. 15-G.

Wulbern.

354

I)

I)

t'PVLFRlC ON LINCO
Wt.
lG-4.

Wulfric.

355

RECX:

^PVLFPINE N

LIN

Wulfwino.

Wt. 177.

Type
356

xvii.

I<ENVT

REX AN

t'OCCRIH
I

Ol/I

LIUCOL
Wt. 17U.

0(5 grim.

LUNDENE.
[Loudon.]

Type
357

viii.

"t-CNVT

REX

7XNLL

i<BOR$TIC

M LVND
Wt.
21-3.

Borstig.

358

ANCLOR

^BRIHPOL-D LVN
Wt.
21-5.

Brihtwold.

359

ANCLOR: I^BRVMAN LVNDI

Wt. 21G.

Bruman.

3G0

ANLLO-

^EADMVND

.O.ri-VNDi Wt. 130.

Eadinund.

8G1

ANCLORV l^EADNOD. ISLVNDEI

Wt.
15-5.

EudnoS.

3G2

ANCLOR

4^EADPERD LVND
Wt.
lG-3.

Eadwcrd.

3(53

^EADPIN O LVND
Wt.
14-8.

Eudwine.

3G1

ANLLO

"fEADPINE ON_VNDEWt. UG.

3G5

RETX ANCLOR

I-EADPOLD O LVN
Wt. IDC.

Ea.hvokl.

2i>2

EN(}LANl).

No.

CNUT.

283

Ko.

2S\

ENULANI).

No.

CNUT.

285

No,

280

ENOI.AM).

No.

CNUT.

287
Moneycr.

No.

Obverse.

4G0

I^CNV

[T]

RECX
I
I

IPyNSILE ON LVN
Wt. 168.

Wynsige.

461

^CNV- T RECX
I

i'PyNSILE

ON LVND:
Wt.
15-6.

4G2

MINV T RECX
Typi

^PyNSIGIE ON LV
Wt.
xvii. 16-3.

463

i-CNVT-

REX:
:

i<BRVNCAR ON LVND:
Wt.
15-'J.

Bruiigar.

464

tCNVT R ECX AN

LVNDE:
Wt.
15-7

[PI.

XIX.

2.]

465

REC'i'

^PVLFRED ON LVNDEN
Wt.
14-7.

Wulfrcd.

Type
4G6

xix.

I'CNVTE:

RERX:
[ri.

"J^/ELFRED
3.]

ON LVNDE
Wt. 17
0.

JEIfrcd.

XIX.

Type XX.

467

^CNVT- RECX

7\
[PI.

^'BRVNMTXN ON LVND
Wt. 176.
4.]

Bninman.

XIX.

468

^CNVT:RECX

A.

-i<PVLC;\R

ON LVNDEN
Wl. 153.

Wulpnr
(Wulfgar).

M.CLDUNE.*
[INIaldun]

Tijp<

viii.

460

"i^CNVT

REX ANLLOR

fCiODPINE MEL
Wt.
'213.

(Ji'dwino.

Type
470

xiv.

i-CNV T RECX

-l-CODERE
I

ON M/ELD
Wt.
16-2.

(Judcro.

* It is not possible to distiDgulsb wltb certaiuty between tho mints Ihlaldon See Introduction.

uA

MaliiK^.bory

2HH

ENULANI).

No.

CNUT.

289

No.

290
No.

ENGLAND.

CNUT.

291

\.).

2!)2

ENGLAND.
RcTersc.

No.

Obvcrs".

Moneyer.

Tijpe xvi.

510

^CNV T REX:
^-CNV

4/ELFRED ON SERE
Wt. 15
3.

iElfrcd.

511

REX:

4-CODPINE ON SERWt. 16
3.

Godwiiie.

512

iCNVT

REEX AN[PI.

^CODPINE 0N SERE:
Wt. 11
5.

XIX.

0.]

513

^CNV T RE-EX

^DOLDVS ON SER\Vt.

GolJua.

1G7.

SIESTEBYRIG.
[Sidbur)'.]

Type
514

yiii.

^CNVT REX ANDL

[PI.

RVM

"^LEOFPINE ON- SIOE '

"\Vt.

Leofwine.

" " lU-7.

XIX.

10.]

SNOTINGAHAM.
[Nottingham.]

Type
515
I

viii.

i<ENVT REX AVDLO

^BLACEMAN MO XNO
Wt. 181.

'

RVM
Tijpe xvi.

Blaccman or Blacaman.

51G

^ENV

-T

RELX
[PI.

^BL-7^E7\MAN ON SN
"\Vt.

Blacaman.

16-6.

XIX.

11.]

ST/ENIG.
[Stc^yning.]

Type
517

xvi.

*ENVT RECX
REEX

-J-ECRIE
I

ONN 3TEE
Wt. 130.
I

Eerie (=Elric?).
FriSiwinc.

518

^FRCIPINE

ST/E:
Wt.
17-3.

CNUT.

293

No.

'20 [

ENGLAND.
Obverse.

No.

neverHO.

Moneyer,

631

*CNV^'CNV

T
-T

REX:
REX:

^NORVLF ON STAN
AVt. 15-0.

Norulf.

535

STANF
^Vt. lG-0.

53G

*ENV T REEX:
^ENV-T

't'BVRSTAN

ON

ST7X
\Vt. 159.

purstiin.

537

REE:
\Vt. 170.

538

^ENVT
iENV

-REEX.

I^DVSTAN

ON STTXNFOT
Wt. 17
0.

539

T REX:

I-OVRVLF

ON STANWt.
lG-2.

purulf.

SUeCEPEORC.
[Southwark.]

Type xiv.
540

i-ENVT R

EX

TtrC

^/ELFCTXR

0N SVOD
Wt. IGG.

iElfprar.

Tyjye xvi.

5il

I^ENV T REEX.
i-ENVT REE-X
1\

I</ELPINE

ON SVO
Wt.
lG-5.

iEIwine (^Ifwine).
.^(Selwine.

542

-^/EcoELPINE

ON SV
AVt. 14-6.

Type
543

xvii.

^ENV- T REEI

I-/EL-FRIE

ONN
SVGEE
"\Vt.

iElfric.

170.

TANTUNE.
[Taunton.]

Type
544

viii.

iCNVT

REX ANDLOR

I'EDRIL

TANTV
Wt. 13
2.

E.lric.

CNUT.

295

No.

'jix;

ENGLAND.
Olivrrnp.

No.

IlovprKo.

Moneycr.

PELINGAFORD.
[WiiIliDgford.]

Type
551

viii.

^CNVT REX A-NCL-0 RVM

^C0LEM7\-N N PELI
Wt. 1G:1

Coleman.

Type

xvi.

t'CNV -CNVT:
553

'i'/ELFPINE

ON

PELII

.^Ifwine.

AVt. 17-5.

"fCNV: T

RECX

PELIN
Wt. 17
9.

551

^ENV- T R-EC-.
i-EIV -T

i^EDPERD ON PELIN ^^^t. no.

i<LEOFPlNE

Edwerd.

555

REX

ON PELI
"\Vt.

Leofwine.

17-3.

PELMESFORD.
[Welinesford.]

Type
550

viii.

XENVT REX 7XNLL0RV

[PI.

MVIT^N
14.]

ON PELMITXE
AVt. 17-0.

Man.

XIX.

PIHRACEASTER

or

PIGRACEASTER.

["Worcester.]

Type
557

xIt.

^CINVT R-EX

7\r

i</EL-FPINE:

ON
PHRTX-."SVt.

.^Ifwine.
16-9.

558

>^CNVT- REX

S-

i-T^R-NCTEL- O-N-

'

Arncctel.

POE:
Wt.
13-2.

'

CNUT.

297

Obverse.

Moneyer.

FILTUNE.
[Wilton.]

Tijpe xvi.

559

^CNVT: T REC-X:

-^/EL-FR-ED

PILTV
'

iElfrL-d.

Wt.

17-7.

PINCEASTRE.
[Winchester.]

Type
SCO

viii.

i<ENVT R-EX T^NLLO

.^/ELFR-IC

ON
PINCSTR
Wt.
18-8.
I

iElfric.

RVM
5G1

^CNVT RE^ 7XNCL

RVM-.

^/ELFSILE N FINEST
Wt.
22-2.

^Ifsige.

5G2

T^NELLORV "t-ZELFPINE

ON PINE$T
Wt.
13-4.

^Ifwino.

5C3

T^NGLOR-

i7^LFPLD

OH

PI

Alfwold.

Wt. 170.
564

..T^NCLORVM "^BREHTNOO 01^1 NEST Brchtno^

Wt. 200.
(BrihtnoS).

5C5

R-EX AND LCRVM-.

t'LEFSVNV

p>INES Leofsunu. Wt. 19-7.

Oda.

5GG

REX 7\NLL0 RVM

^DA N
><SIQ7\R

FINESTRWt.
22-8.

567

TXNCLORV

ON FINESR
Wt.
17-2.

Sigar.

568

i^sicoDiA ^pl^^I:$T Wt. 15-G.

Sisrodia
(

= yigboda?>
Spraful.

569

REX ANLL0
RVM-

^XPRAFVL 0N
F-INLST
Wt.
16-2.

570

REX ANGLO
RVMType

I'PIHTXILE

0N FINEST:
'

Wilitsige.

Wt. 19

7.

xiv.

571

i^ENVT

REEX

A-.-

^/ELFSICE ON PINEE:!
Wt. K.
5.

^Ifsiffo.

2!)8

CXUT.

299

No.

:>()(>

ENGLAND.

No.

CNUT.

301

No.

:5()ii

ENOLANU

HAROLD
SUCC.
A.l>.

I.

103');

DIED

A.D.

lUlO.

Minuyers.
.T'tire

(None).

Blacainan (Nott.).
Jllacan [ = Blaoaman?] {lJ<rhy). Bnrfa {Ihnur, None). JU'id or Bridd {HaM.). ]}rihtiu;t'r, Brihttmxr, &c. (Lond.). Brihtred {Cant.). Brihtric {Crewk.) Brihticine { Buck.).

York-).

yEj^clric

{o'louc,

Ojt/.,

Shiijt.,

Win-

olu'rtt.).

JlAjrhrig (Ihrf.). yEgdiriiie {BrM., Crichl, Ikh., Wore, York).

JL'Wrilit
yEI,'r,'l
(//)//'.).

Lane,

Brun

{Jjund.).

Bruncar or Brungar (Lond.).

= JKlftiTcr\(Yorlc).
(Colch.,

Brnnman

{Lond.).

^ItVrc

HmU., York).

Brun.stan (Thttf., Windiest.).

u^l/ipir {Bdrdn.).

Brunwine,

Bruinn,

or

Bundine

^Elfwinc. ^il'nuS {Line, Ijond.). iElt'roil (Cant., Loud., Salisb.).

yl'ljinr, get'

(Stamf., Walliiuj/.). Cajrenan (Loud.).

Cxrla {Ex,t.).
Caldeitine {Catd.).

J^Unc or /Elric {Cant., Chicli., Dorch., Ghmc, TjowL, Li/df., Nunc, Staff.,
WaUi(if., Wiiirfuxi.). JEltsiu'c (Cl"u-st., Glniic).
Jl-)l

CeoG

Winrhcst.).

Cille {Chest.). Cinevcicj {Lond.).

Man {Wilt., Winchr.<(.). iEl'fwald or iElfwold {Load., Norw.,

Theff.).

Cineinne {Uast.). Cinewold (Land.). Cinstan, see Cunstan.

JEl/tcard or .'Elfwcrd (Brist., Hast., Laiuc, Ncnr., Winrh'd.). ^Ifwine] or JEJfiri [ = ^Elf\vig {Camhr.). iElfwig or .Elwig {Bath, Cambr., Oxf., Thotf., Wallingf., Windiest.). Alfwine, &c. /Elwine, .^Ifwinc, CricM., Derby, Ljond., (Chest., Lydf., Norn:, Ox/., Southaiup., Stamf., Thetf., Wallingf., "NViuchfst., Yorh). iElfwold, <(' .Elfwald.

Colamau {Oxf.). Coldsir/e or CoJtsige, see Goldsige.

CoIgriiH {Loud.) (Line.). Corf, Corff, or Corrf (Lond.). Croc or Crocc {Chest.).

Courim

Crucan [^=Grucan t] {York). Cimsitan or Cinstan (Dover). Cyldcinne, see Gyldewine.

Cytil {Cant.).
Veorsif], Deorsie, &c. {Ilcrt.)

oilman l=.L\jrlman?]
Ji7mr
JEbwt,
[

(Bedf.).

= JE<]<lmxr'Q

{Bath, Oxf.).

see .lEIfnoS.

Duddinc = Dudinff] {Lond.). Dufacan {^^.DuracanQ (York). Duracan { York). Eadwold, Edwald, or Edwuld (Lund.).
\_

JElric, see iElfric.

iElwig, see iElfwig. ..lilwinc, see ^Elfwinc. JEstan {Wincki.<t.). yE^ihrine {Lond., York). Alf.-, see ^If.Ahan/l = Al/stan ?] {Tamic). Arcil, Arcyl, or Arncil [ = J/- <;//(/':']
{Stam/., York). Arwil.l {Stam/., York).
Asj'i

Edhie {Lond.). Edmajr (Exet., Romn.).

Edraed {Lond.).
Edric, Edricc, &c. {Hythe, Line, Lond., Thctf.). Edsieie l = Edsige?] {Exet.). Edwacor (Cambr.).
L'diridd, see Eadwold. EdieaUl and ]'?ealda {Lond.). Edicard. Edwerd, &c. {Leices, Lond.,
WalliiKjf.).

rS {Line).

Biorn or Btornn {York).

Edicig, Ediriig,

etc.

{Lond., Oxf.).

HAROLD
Edwine, Eilwene,
Sec. (Dover, Uu^t., Lewes, Loud., Winchest.).

I.

303

Edwold, see Eadwold. Egdinne, st-e JEgeludne.

Elbrilit (Ipsw.). Eleidcj [ ^lfwig] (Ucref.)

Loofric or Lefric (Chich., Line., Lond., South a:, 8tamf.). Leofjitan, Lefstan, Lcostan, &c. (Cant., Lond., Shaft., Shrews., Windiest.,
Wore.).

Elewine,
Elf.-, see

see

^Ifwine.

MU.-

Eonred Eowine

(^Vorch.').
l

= Eoficine?']
l

Erncijtd

= Arndtdi'\
Enjrim

{Land.). (York).

Ermjrim

or

( Yurie).

ErniKi {Ileref.) Estan, see JEstan. Etsige = Eadsige'} (Dover).

[^

Leofwig or Leofwine] [ (Lond.). Leofwig (Chest., Line., Wuric). Leofwine, Leowine, &c. (liidf., Brist., Buck., Cant., Chest., Exet., Line., Oxf., Shrews., Norw., Lond., Thetf., "Wallingf., Southump., Winchest.). Lrof<5egen (Bedf., Malm.).
Leo/wi
Liadrafen
Litinc,
?

(Line).

E<5ei.-, see JEiel.-

Eiereman (Loud.). Fiergrim or Fargrim (Stam/.). Fri^euine (Steyn.).

Gilacris or
(Chest.)

Liling, Lifnic, &c. (Cant., llast., Ipsw., JAne., Lond., Oxf., Southw., Stamf, Wilt., Winchest.). Lifred, see Leofred.

Gillacria

[^=Gillechrist?']

God, Goda, &c. (C7c7i., Lond., Warw.). Gudaman, Godmun, or Godmon (Hi rt., Lond., Malm., Windiest., York).
Godau(Wilt.). Godeildd ( Watdi.). Godinc cr Godine, see Godwinc.
Godric,
Goric,
&c.
(Chidi.,
Colcli.,

Lodnuer, see Ladmrer. Lufric [ = Leofric?J (Winchest., Wore.). Mann or Manna (Line., Norw.).
Mi,,diof(E.at.).

i\auinin [=Aor<5man?] (Line).

Noriman

(Lewes).

Ordric (Hcref). Osfer^ (Line.).

Oslac (Line.)

Derhij, Glouc., Hch., Stainf.).

Liuc, Loud.,

Goldsigc. Godaigc, Godsii, see Goldsige.

see

Godwinc, &c., see Godwine. Godwine, Gowine, &c. (Vorch., Lcwcs,

Lond., Ox/., Roch.,
Salisb., iStam/.,

Winchest., York). Godwine and Ceoc ( Winchest.). Godwine and Stcwer (Lond.). Godwine and Widi (Windiest.). Goldsigc, GvUsige, &c. (Line, Lond.,

0.<mund (Line.). Ouclincar [^Ou'Kencarl?] (Lond.). Oiberan or Oierun l=Oibeorn?'] Line.). O^grim, O^urim, Oirim, &c. (Line). 0<5in or Oiinn (York). Pororie, see AVororie. lladir ? (Lend.). Kiiifuir (Thetf.). liincolf?] (Norw.). Jiinulf [ Sudnnan (llinf.).

Sivgrim (Xott.).

Wilt). Gonwiiie [= Godwine?] (Dorch.). Goric, see Godric. Goicild, see Godeildd.

Sxwtrd

Wiitchcst.).

Sffiwine (Brist., Chest.).

Grimnlf(Yorh).
(iyldcwiiii' (Cant., Chisl.).

Scula (York). Smil, Snd, or Snell (Chest.). Stcwer (Lond.).

Stirccire (Cinnbr.). Stircol ( York). Suimrlid, Sunn rh da, (Chest., Line.).

lliurra (Exet.). Uar^ucnnt or JJar^ecnut (Line.). Ilunna (Exet., Malm.). Jfiratamitn (Dorch.),

Sumerhjd,

&c.

JInhl (Lond.). Im-ida ( York). Ladiiuer or Lodmier (Windiost.). Li film [ = LioftSi'gi'n Vj (Line.). LcfcnoT), See Lcot'no^. Lcf.-, see also Lcof.Leo/dai, Lifidii, kc. (Stamf.) Leofmser or Leom.vr (Jedb.). Leofno^, Lcfciia?*, &<: (Cant., Cheat., GloHi:, Hirr/., Linr.) Lcofrcd, Lifred, &c. (Loud).

Sumrrlr [ = Sunurleda?] (Oicst.). Sand' id (Cant.). Sunrddc, iV'c. = Sum<.rletla?2 (Line).

'f

[_

Swafa (Line).
Sicart or Swi
rt

(Stamf, York).

Swartebrand, Swartcfrand, Sioertibrand, &c. (Line). Swartine, Swortinc, Sco. (Chist., Dirby,
Line.,
Sicili
T//.//'.,

Wallinnf.).

Swegen(C//'W.' York).
ninn ( Winrlnsl.). Swola or Swote (Bed/.).

;{0i
Sw(trlriilf?] Sicriirul/ [ IVrili! ..r7v.,/r,(Y)rk)IJI/ril
i,r

ENGLAND.
=
( \\'itichrl.).

Wulfiri

or

Wul/icie
(Ciinl.,

[=

Wul/irifi

or &o.

WuHwini']
Wnlfwiiic,
(IJriHt.,

Hunt., Lond.).

VlftilU'i'iiil.).

Wnll/n-ine,
C'ltmhr.,

Wulwine,
Cant.,

WiuU.MOT
WiiMlrll
<,r

U'iiflo^il.ine.).
H'.</./(J{iith).

Clicst.,

Colcli.,

Hunt.,

Lond.,

Maid.,

(Line). W.ilf.id.iw.). Wiimmi'it (Lmid.). W, riiw [ = SwLTtinc?] (Lhrhy). WiiHiini (Ipflw.). \Vudia, HV(//(f, &c. (Lond.,
W.ilr.r/',n

Wallinfi/.,
Wiilf,'iir

York). [=\Viilff,'ar] (Lond.).

Wuin..

[=Wuirno?i]

(Dri.st.,

Cli'Kt.,

Ex't., Ltie, liomn.,

Cant., ]Vin-

chiKt.).

Win-

diest.)-

AVidi^'

(r

Widifje {Land., Windiest.).

Wulxir, Wuhiqe, &c. (Here/., Lond.). Wul.stiin [ = Wulf8tan] (Cant., Lond., Lcic, " Worime ").
Will ira nl
M;,l,r!,i

Wih,rim (Slum/.).
M'iiixl.iiijiCiii'it.).

Winnil

(Ciiiit.).

Witistau {Siilinb.). ]nilH [= ]\'(idl,i'>} (Line).

Wula-ii (Hunt., Land.).

[= Wiil/irard] (Glouc). [= ]\'ulfiri<i](Cant.). [= Wul/a-i(j or Wulfwinu]

8K'

Wulwiue,

Wulfwinc.

Wi?iriuno or WitSuring (York). Worurie (Line).

Wudia,

tifi:

Widia.

WuiiHige [= Wynnige] (Lend.). Wydia, gre Widia. Wynnir, Wyn^if/, Wynfiige, &c. (Lond.).
WynKifj''

Wulborn, &c. (Line). Wulrot, Kn; Wulfgct.

Wullinirn,

and Wamanea (Lond.).

pialda (Lond.).

Wiihrinr [=Wuirwinc?] (York).

WuJj.h(l),rh)i).
\Vnii]in>\ M'C

perman

(Lond.). pudini^i? (Lond.).

\)urcet[l] (Stam/.).

Wulfwino.

Wulfgi't or Wulcett (Line, Shrews.).

purgrim (York).
purstan (Line Stum/.), purtdf (Stam/.).
,

Wnlfnd

(Shrtirs.).

Wnlfric (Line, Shaft.).

Witlj'ictrd (Lond.).

Description of Types.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Type

i.

Bust

diadoiuod. Around, inscription divided by Lust outer circle.

1.,
:

Cross comjioscd of four ovals, united at their bases by two circles enclosing pellet. Around, inscri^'tion outer circle.
:

[Cf. PI.

XX.

1.]

Type
Slime
:

i.

rar. a.

hut o/ rude icvrk.

I

Similar; inscription htticeen

tico

circhi

[llild, V\

It,

TyiK A.

rar. a.}

IIAROL])

I.

305

Obverse.

Type
Suitt L, diademed. Around, inscription divided by bust : outer circle.

ii.

Lon/f cross voided ; in centre, circle enclosing pellet: in angles, P A C X. Arouml, inscription : outer circle.

[Hild., PI. 10,

Type E.]

Type

iii.

Bust

(liadcmcd. Around, inscription divided by bust outer circle.

1.,
:

Short cross voided;

enclortint^
jiellet.

in centre, circle

Around, inscripcirclea.

tion

between two

[Sec No. Gl,

p. 313.]

Type
Siniilur
:

iii.

rar. a.

in front of Inist, sceptre.

Same.
p. 314.]

[See No.

G."),

Type
J5.s<

iv.

diddemi'd. Aroiitid, inncriplion divided by bud: outer circle.

/.,

On

short

onmui-nt
(Dill

voidid, quadrihiti ptlht at each angle Around, inscription in centre.

croi^s

nd

irith

between two

circles.

[Ildd., ri. 10,

Type D.]

Type
Similar:
slii' III

iv.
I

var. a.

bust
!<<<

In

iinwur

in front,

Same,

and

pire.

[llild ., ri. Kt.

7'.'//..

I),

var. a.]

:}0G

ENGLAND.
Obvorio.
Rvcrac.

Tijpe
HiiHt l.,iliailiiiw'il, in
Hliiclil

V.

armour;
by

in front,

Lonfj

ami

H<'i|>tr(>.

Hcriptiuu cirdo.

diviiiud

Aronnil, iubust: outer

voided, limbs united at baacH by circle, enclosing pellet in cacli angle, trefoil of three Around, inscription outer fxlletd.
oro.s3 tlioir
: :

circle.

[Cf.

n. XX.

4.]

Tijpe V. vnr a.

Similar

hul

r.

Same.

pVIontagu Coll.]

Type
Similar
:

V.

var.

h.

bust

1.
I

Similar; in first angle of cross, trefoil of three pellets in second and third,
;

fleur-de-lis
I

between

two

pellets

and

in fourth, fleur-de-lis.

[Cf. PI.

XX. 10]
V. var. c.

Type
Same.

Similar
I

de-lis
I

in each angle of cross, between two pellets.

flcur-

[Cf. Fl.

XX.
vi.

2.]

Type
Buft
1.,

hclmeted, in

fhiihl (uul ^rtptre.

armour: in front, Around, inscrip:

Long

cross

voided
:

enclosing pellet
de-lis

in centre, circle ; in each angle, fleur-

tion divided by bust

outer circle.

inscription

between two pellets. Around, double outer circle. :

[Hild.,

n.

0,

Type B.

var.

c]

HAROLD

I.

307

Description of Coins.

No.

.'508

ENCILAND,

Ni..

ObvcrM.

RCVCMC.

Monr-yer.

I)

4-HAR.

OLD REC

J-DVLNOO

0N BRIC
Wt. 15
0.

Wulno.

10

4-HAR OLD REC-.

^PVLPINE O BRIC
\Vt. IG-5.

Wulwiiio (Wulfwinc).

C/ENTFARABYRIG.
[Canterbury.]

Ty2)e
11

i.

^HAR. OLD

R:

-I^LEFENSO rCAN
AVt.
17-3.

LefenaS
(

= Leofno<5).

I'ype y. rar.

c.

12

J-HI/IR:

OLD RE

^/ELFRED ONO CEN

Wt. 140.

iElfred.

13

I^HARO. LD RECX.

^LVLDEPINE O CE
Wt.
16-4.

Gyldewine.

U
15

I^HAR LD REC

CE:
13-6.

Wt.

I-HAR

LD RE

iLEFSTAN O CEN
(Broken.)

Lefstan.

CICESTRIE.
[Chichester.]

Type
10

i.

"i-HAR

OVD

'i'/ELFRIC

ON CICES
Wt.
17-8.

.^Ifric.

COLENCEASTRE.
[Colchester.]

Type

V. far. c.
I

IHAR: -OLD RE:

IS

^QORIC

ON CONC
Wt.
15-3.

Goric
(Godric).

t'HAROL D RECX

tPVLPINE ON COLWt. 138.

Wiilwine (Wulfwinc).

HAROLD
No.

I.

309

310
No.

ENGLAND.

HAROLD
No.

I.

311

312
No.

ENOLANl).

Kcvcrno.

Muueyer.

LEIGECEASTER,
[ClM.'Bti'r.J

Etc.

Type
41

i.

^-HAR OLD REX

^'/ELFSIICE

ON
LEIEE:
\Vt. lG-5.

iElfsige.

15

i-H?^R-

OLD REX
[PI.

"i-ELEPINE

ON
L-EICE-.-

Ehvino
(.I'Ell'wine).

Wt. 17

1.

XX.

7.]

4G

"i^HAR

DLD REX
I

'I'LEOFPIL

ON LECIEE
Wt.
17-2.

Lcofwif

Type
47

V. var. c.

^HAR OLD REC

^LEOFNOO ON

LEIC
17-4.

LeofnoS.

Wt.

48

REX

I-PVLPNE: ON LEIOC
Wt.
14-8.

Wulwino
(Wulfwinc).

LINCOLNE.
[Lincoln.]

Type
49

i.

^HAR OLD REX

^HAR- OLD REX
[ri.

^EONRIH ON LINCOL
Wt.
14-0.

Conrim.

50

^SP7\F7^

ON
LINCOLN
Wt. 17
:

Swiifa.
7.

XX.

8.]

Type
51

V. var. c.

^HARO LD RECX
I^HAR

iCODRIE

ON

LIN
Wt. 170.

Godric.

52

OLD RE
OLD
R-EX.

4LI7\DRAFEN LirC
Wt. 15o.

Liadrafen ?

53

^-HAR-

tspARTiN: o lin:
Wt.
15-7.

Swartinc

HAROLD
No.
Obverse.

I,

313

Reverse.

Jloneyer.

54

i^HA-DO D

RCX:

i-PORORIE O: LINZ
Wt.
15-9.

Wororie ?

55

^HARD: LD REX

tPVLBRN

LINC:
Wt. IG
G.

Will born.

LUNDENE.
[London.]

Type
56
i<H-7\n

i.

OLD RE

f/EL-FNO)

ON LVND:
Wt.
15-2.

iElfno.

57

I^HARO- LD REX,

i^C/ERENAN ON LVD.
Wt.
lf)-2.

Casrcnan.

58

iHAR

OLD RE

i-CODPINE ON LVNDE: Gudwiue.

Wt.
15-7.

59

I-HSR OLD
>iHAR-

"MLOLDSILE ON LVN
Wt. 15
8.

Goldsigo.

GO

OLD REX
[PI.

iL-EOFPINE

ON LVNDE
Wt. 17G.

Leofwine.

XX.

9.]

CI

"i'HARO-

LD REX

t'L-EORIE

ON

LVND-.Wt.
17-2.

Leofric.

G2

i^HAR-

OLD REX

I<P.V.L-FPINE

ON
AVt.

L-VN Wulfwine.
17G.
Wuljrar.

G3

"i-HAR

OLD

"i-PVLC-AR

ON LVNDE
Wt.
17-G.

Type
G4

iii.

I-NAREII

I'RE

^^OVONEAR ON LV
Wt. 20
0.

Ou?>ncar

Ou>eiu'arl?).

Sl{

ENQLAND.
Obvorac.
Reverie.

No.

Moneycr.

Typi'

iii.

var. a.

C5

i'HAR:

OLD RETX

t'LEIFINE Oil

LVND
Wt.
11-5.

Lifin;

Type
CG

V. var. b.
1

"i-HARO

LD

REC-.[PI.

^BRIHTM/ER O LV
Wt.
10.]
15-5.

Brihtmajr.

XX.

Type
C7

V. var. c.

i-HAR OLD REC

i-BRVNC7\R

ON LV
Wt.
13-6.

Bnincar or BruDfrar.

cs

VJ NO yiADNVHSvl*
Wt.
iHAR-0lG-3.

LD REEX

"i-CORFF ONN: LVN

Wt. HO.

CorfF.

70

i<HARO:

LD

LEOPOLD ON LVN
Wt.
17-2.
> i
))

Edwold.

71

i^HAR:

OLD REX
RECX
:

Wt.
72

15-5.

i'HARO L-D

^COD ON LVNDE
-J-CODSIIE

God.

Wt. llD.
73

i-HAR-

OLD RE

ON LVN
Wt.
11-5.

Godsige
(Goldsige).

7i

^HAR OLD

RLE-.-

'i'CODPINE

ON LVN
Wt.
16-8.

God wine.
Lcofred
or Lifred.

REE
REC:
[PI.

i^LEOORED ON LVD:
Wt.
12-7.

^LIFRED
XX.
II.]

Om

LVN
Wt. IC
7.

tHARO

LD R-ECX
I

i'LEOFRIC O: LVN
Wt. 173.

Lcofric

HAROLD
No.

I.

315

316
No.

ENGLAND.

HAROLD
No.
Obverse.

I.

317
Reverse.

Moneyer.

PELINGAFORD.
[Wallingford.]

Type
91

i.

t'HTVROL D RECX
[PI.

>t/EL-PIC

NN
PELINCT^
Wt.
lG-3.

iElfwig.

Xi.

13.]

Type
95

V.

^HAROL- D RECX A

i^/ELPINE

ON

PELII
W'i. IG a.

^Elfwiiio.

Type
96

V. rnr.
|

c.

I^HAR-.-

OLD REC

^LEOFPhNE O: PEL
Wt. 15
7.

Lcofwine.

FILTUNE.
[Wilton.]

Type
97

V.

I^NARO

LD REEX

^LIFINE

OI\N

PILT
Wt. 15
7.

Liliiic.

PINCEASTRE.
[Wincbcstcr.]

Typr
98

i.

^HARO- LD REX

i/ECELRIE

ON

PILE1()().

.Egc-lric.

Wt.
99

tNAROL

D REX
LD.

tBRVNSTAN ON PIN
i-PVDIA

i-

Brunstnu.

Wt. KJC.
100

^HARO

REX

ON

PlNCEST-.-i Wiidia Wt. 17-2. (Widia).

:h8
No.

ENOLANI).

IIAROLD

I.

.319

No.

;;i.'o

ENGLAND.

HARTHACNUT.
Succ. A.u. 10 10;
uiiiiJ

A.u.

1012.

Mojipycre.

Auvlrir (Uorch.,
clirxt.).

Ox/.,

Shaft.,

Win-

Dnnhird (Lmifjs.). Earnvi (JLnf.).

JCdmrer (Exit.).

iEf^tlwnrd (Lond.).

Edric
Oj-f.).

(L^ond.).

y%/W [ = yE^'<'lwino ?] (Prh.,

JEgfUvlnc

{Brit., Cnni., Ciirl;!., 'Jlrh., Line., Oxf., Soiiihw., Witham). J'JI/ric ?] (Glouc). JFAcrie or ^TJrlrir [

Eilipird (Lnces). Edwig (Lond., Oxf.).

Edirine (Jjond.).

yt7/'7( (Shnws.).

JElftw^ (Line).

Etmjf (Dover). ESedan. Fxrgrim or Fargrim (Stamf.).

FriSi (Stovn.) Godcild ( Wdch.).

yW/rrd (Cunt., Windiest.). Jii/ric or Alfric {Glouc, Line,

lindf.).
JElffiiil,:] (Chrst.,

Wal-

Glnuc).

Ex,t.). (^Cumhr., Southw.). iElfwine, JElaine, Alficine, &c. (IlnnL, Jjimd., Oxf., Southamp., Thetf., Wiiu'hcBt.). .Elf wine ?] (^WalUngf). JElvinuirii [ JErnqrim ( Yorh). JHKti'in (^WinrhiM.).

JKIfMan (Chmt.,

Godric (Glouc, Ilch., Line, Lond., Soufhomp., Stdmf.). Godric and Calic (Lond.).

^Ifwig

Godwine

Godi<une (Cambr.). (Uorch., Exit., Lond., Oxf., Bock., Salisb., Stamf., Thetf, Winchest.).

Godivine and Ceo[ca^ (Winehest.).

"\Vudi[a] (AViuclKst.). (Exet.). Goldcytel (Exct.). Goldgige (Lond.). IL-vrra (Exet.).

Godwiuc and
Golda

JEf'neine (Brid., Lond.). Alfeard. AtfiM^ (IJnc).

Alfnd

(^Iliid.).

llildulf (Line).

Alficard (Lowrf.).
Alt'.-, Kic,

Hunna
(Lond.).

(Malm.).
(Brift.).

also iElf.-

Uiratiman
Ldd'

Ahrard

\^

= Alf tmrd']

man [ = Sideman'?'] (Warn:).

(

Arncitel (Lond.). Aithic (Lond.).

Ladnuvr
Laftri
Nott.).

Winclird.).

I31ucamun (GuiM.,

Jihumnn

= Blacamau]

(Dorch.).

B(X}a (Ihn-ir). Ih'idd (H.ixt.). liruii or ]}ninn (Lond.).

Jhitnrtiin,

or Liofivi Lxfivine ?] [= (Cant.). Lcf.-, see Leof.Leofnoi, Lefcno<5, &c. (Brist., Caid., Chest.. Gloue, Hercf.). Leofred (Lond.).

me Brnnstuu.
(Tlnff.).
(iStumf.,

Brunnd

(Smtthir.).

Brunxtdn or Brunrtan
Briinirim- or
Iin(if.).

Leofred and Brun (Lond.). Leofric (Cant., Yorh). Leofstau, Lcfstan, &c. (Lond.,

Tl'crr.).

Buruine

Wul-

Leifii-ine, Lofirine, &c.

(Cant.,

Chi.it.,

Chich.,
Thitf., Leof^eejen.

Dover,

Noric,

Stamf.,

Calic (Lond.). C>o[ra] ( Winch' at).

Wane).

Cilhcrid [=aillvrri>'t'\ (Chest.). Cinntiin or Ciniftan (Dover). Colgrim (Line). Courint'cof? (Line). Corf (Lond.). Jhxlda or Ihxh (Exit.). J>udinic (Lond).

Leonig (LAne). Line, Lond., Maideof (Exit.).

liilinc (Lpsie,

0.rf.).

NorSman

(Letves).

Ordroc (Hrrof.).
Oslnrn (Sitiin?). Osferf> (Line).

HARTHACNUT.
Chmund (Line, None).
Oudrel or Oulfcd \^=Ouicit<l] (Loud.). Oufiiuriirl, Oi^iurar, &c. (Loud.).
llineulf or Itiunlj (Xonr.).
l{ulni,i

321
(Wiiichtst.).
[

Wracu

Wu(li[a]

= "\ViJiu?]
cf.

(Winchett.).

Wulb^m

(Line). Wnl/rh (Drrby).

[=Wuluo?]
?

(Liiic.).

Ilumin'i d

Wul/rnl [= Loud.)
Wul/iri

Wul/ici-rd]
?]

(Glouc.

( W'iurhi !>(.). S.-ewino (Brut., Leic, WiucLest.). Siwerd ( Wurir.). Snell (Chid.).

Sxvard

[=

TT'i J/irt nt

(Hunt.).
Li-ic).

Wul/wint or Wtdirine \Lanqp.,

Wulno

(Exit., (ilouc, 'Sou.).

Wuhicud(Hiri/.).
WnUi,), (Uiri/.). Wuliniif, ftt Wtd/iciiU'.

Swirt

= Swortinc?]

(Stain/.).

Swfrti7u' (Dtrhy, Line). Swot (Bid/.).

Wuicird l=Wnl/wtrd'] (Glouc.)

pMji^iiciue (Ejcit.).

Toci

(Lwid.). Ul/citil (Limd.). W.idil (Bath). Windi[^(j'] [= Winidti<j] (Cant.). WUcrtrinn^ (York).

[=Tocu ?]

porcetvl (Loud.). \?ori<tan or \?uriitann (Lotul.). pttrcil [xte also pwrct/tV] (LviuL).

punjrim (Line).

Descrhtion of Tyies.*
Reveree.

Obverse.

Type
UuHt,
1
,

i.

(liiulcmcd.

Around, inscrip:

tiuu divided

by bust

outer circle.

Cross composed of four ovals, united ut their ba>C8 by two circlt.-s enclosing pellet. Around, inscription : outer
circle.

[Sec Xo.

12. p. 326.]

Type
Similar
;

i.

var. a.

bubt

r.
I

Same.
[Cf. PI.

XXI.
ii.

l.j

Type Bust
in

diadeiued in front, bccptrc hand. Around, inscription divided by bust outer circle.
1.,

left

Over short cro^-s voidcil, (|ualrilater.d ornament with pellet at each angle and in centre. Around, inscription between two circles.
2
a.
]

[Cf. PI.

XXI.
var.
I

Type
Similar; no
sciptre.

ii.

Saute.

[Hild., PI. 10, Type B, var. a.}

* Hlldeliraud Tvpo E. I'l. II, var. b, ri. 11, and" lypc i, vtr. a,
rf.'<cinl)lc
ill

Is

ui>t dcsrriliol
\-2,

as

It

is

of

nanUh
li

I'l.

may
l.\.

al.s<i Ik>

I>aiil.-h <<.|>lo.s

tlieir

ro\'ci>c lyin-.t <oliit.

i>f

the Knullsh

iiiliit,

Nnrwli

auil

Type II, m.vle and fabric. cf KiikIIi-U I'l'lii:*, I'lit a tliey York, tbcy are iiit'liiditl in

tlic fulUiwiiig libt.

Tlicy uVf given as

'lyiK.'

and iy\>v

vii.

vai\ a.

VOL. U.

322

i:N(il,ANI.

Itevene.

Tyf'
Iliii>l I.,

iii.

illniliu'il.
:

AroHHil, hmrriplion

Smull

croKs

jmtM. Around,

incrii>lion

(lirid'tl hi/ hunt

oud

r rirrlr.

b'twnri two circhs.

[Hil(]., PI. 11,

TypeC.}

Type
Dui>t

iv.

in front, eceptri: Around, inscriptivn biticicn tico circles.

1. ;

Sliort

cross voided, prlht in centre

in

angles,
ti<m

C R V ^.
tipfi

Around, inscrip-

htween

circUs.

[Hild., PI. 11, TypeD.-]

Type
J^uxt
1.,

V.

in

mitre-shapfd hdmet
.

Around, front, sci plri hcttceen tico circles, divided by bust.

in inscription
;

Slurrt

cross
;

voided,

limbs
anffle,

unit>d
crescent

by

circle
j i

in

each

closing

pellet.

Around,

eninscription

between

tico circles.

[Hild.. PI. 11, Typ^-Y.]

Type
Bust l.,ditid'mfd. dividid hy huxt

vi.

Around, inscription
:

out<r circle.

Short cross voided: linibs united by circle. Around, inscription between two
circh
s.

[Hild..

T'l.

11,

7/;..

G.]

HARTHACNUT.
Obverse.
Reverse.

323

Type
Simihir
;

vi. var. a.
I

in front, ecejitre.

Same.

[IliM., ri. II,

T,/},r

a
b.

var.

rj.]

Type
Similar
:

vi.

var.

hu>'t

urariiuf
ini^rri/itinn
III/

liflmit,

and

mitrc-ghapcd beticeen two

Samf.

circh'X, lUviih'd

hitxt.

[Hild., ri. 11, Typ, C. var h.]

Type
Bui^t

vii

in front, Around, inscription divided outer circh.'.

1.,

(liadt

mrd

eojttr.:

Sliorl

hyhuM.

cross voided ; in centre, circle C X. endusincf pellet : in amjles, Around, inscription : outer circle.

PA

Hil.l.. ri.

1-2.

Typ,

I.]

Type
lust Similar hclmetcd 7io
; :

vii.
I

rnr. a.

r.,

in

armour

and

sceptre.

Similar the liml>s of cross extend to edge of coin, each terminating in

:

crescent.

[Ilil.l., ri.

1'2,

Tyj.r

I,

n,r. .]

y 2

:{2i

KN(iLANn.

ObVMM.
Typi
lluM
/.,

vi

iliitih nil

il.
:

Arnund, imcription
ottter circle.

Ijftmj

rriiKK

rnidtd,

liinfjs
;

unltid hy

(iivul'd by bttfl

in each antjle, Ix'lwctn two pdlcts. fliUT -di' -lin Arouml, ingcrijition : uuttr circle.
rirrlr
jitlbt

incUming

[Hild.,

n.

11,

Typo

11.^

Type
Similar; hunt in armour
;

viii.

var. a.

before, shield

Similar
crofis,

ami

aceptre.

mid

pelkt at end of each limb of no pilUt on either side

of fleurs-de-liif in ungleg.

[Hild., PI. 11,

Type H.
ix.

var. o.]

Type
J)ut
r.,

helmeted, in

amour.

Around,
:

Long

iwcription divided by hut

circle.

outer

cross voided, p>lltt in centre in each angle, fleur de-li beticeeii ttco ]uUei. Around, inscription : outer
circle.

[Uikl,

ri. 11,

Type U.

var. 6.J

HARTHACNUT.
Descriptiox of
Ck)iNs.

325

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Moneyer.

ECXECEASTER,
[E.XCttT.J

Etc.

Tyim

i.

var. n.
I

4<HARD CNVT RE
[ri.

^COLDA ON
1.]

AXSAP-.Wt. 170.

Golda.

XXI.

i^HARCA CNVT RE

^GOLD-EYTA ON
CAX-.Wt. 17 0.

Qoldcytel.

GILDEFORDA.
[(Juildford.]

Type

i.

var.
I

a.

IHAROA

CNVT RE

-i-BLACAMAN ON

LIL-:

Blacauian.

(Chipped.)
I

GLEPEGEASTER.
[Gltjiiciator.]

Type

ii.

4-HAOAC NVT RE

t'/ELERIC

N
GL-EPEP:
Wt.
17-2.

iEleric
(

= .*:ifric?).

J-HARO ACNVT RE
[PI.

-^LODRIE ON

(Jodric.

LLEPEEE:
Wt.
20' 1.

xxr.

2.]

HEREFORD.
[H.Toford.]

Type
C
1

ii.

.^HAR

OCN/ RE
[IM.

i-LEFENOOC ON hEREl
Wt. 10
:!J
0.

Lofono?!
(

Lce.fIlo^).

XXI

320

ENQLANIJ,

No.

Obverse.

Revcrac.

Moncycr.

"t-HAROE CfVT RE

4-ORDRECON HEREFO
\Vt. 17

Or.lrw.

LEHERCEASTER.
[Leicester.]

Type

ii.

i-HARO CNVT
I

tS/EVINE

ON LEHER
Wt. 17
0.

Ssowine.

LINCOLNE.
[Lincoln.]

Type

ii.

I'HARO AC:NV
10

^COLGRIM ON LINE:
Wt.
18-5.

Colgriin.

i'HARO

LWT

R:
[PI.

JhCODRIE

ON LINEO
Wt. 170.

Godric.

XXI.

4.]

11

4<HAR>

ACNVT

i^LIFINC

Om

LHEOE-,
Wt.
13-8.

Lilinc.

LUNDENE.
[Luuilon.]

Type
12

i.

t'HARO- -ACryT
I

t'LEOFSTAN ON LVND
I

Lcofstan.

(I'ierced.)

Ti/jh'

ii.

13

I-HAR-

OENV

i'/ECELFARD ON
I-BRVN ON LVNWt.

LV.-.
2.

.^Egclward.

Wt. IG
11

fHA RAV

Brun.

HO.

HARTHACNUT.
No.
Obverse.

327
Moneyer.

Reverse.

15

*HARO CNVTE
[PI.

i<LEFSTAN
XXI.
5.]

ON LVNDE
Wt.
17-8.

Lcfatan
(Lcofstftn).

OXENAFORD.
[Oxford.]

Type
16

ii.

'I'HARO

CNVT
[PI.

ti/ECELPINE

ON OXA:
Wt.
15-3.

.tEfrelwine.

XXI. C]

17

-I-HTXRDA

CNVT RE

^/EDLPINE ON-

coxe:wt.
18
15-8.

IHAR)

ACNVT

^EDVIL ON CROXANA
Wt.
15-7.

Edwig.

19

i-HARO ACNVT RE

-i-GODPINE

COXE-.
Wt.
15-2.

Godwine.

SNOTINGAHAM.
[Nottiugham.]

Type
20

ii.

"JiHARO ACN/

"i-PVLNOD

ON 3N0T
Wt. 150.

WulnoS
(Wulfno).

ST>NIG.
[Sti-yning.]

Typi:

i.

far. a.

21

tHAROA CNVT RE
[PI.

"i-FRIDI
7.]

ON

ST/ENIGE-:
Wt. 10
5.

Fiii.

XXI.

SUDGEPEORC.
[Southwark.]
Typ>

ii.

22

1-HARO CNVT
[PI.

I'/ELVII
I
I

ON SVOCERWt.
18-3.

yElfwig

XXI.

8.J

;528

EN(iLANl).

No.

Obvornc.

Moncyer.

PINCEASTRE.
[WiiichcBtcr.]

Typr
23

i.

vnr. a.
1

tHAROA CNVT RE
[PI.

4^/ELFPINE
9.]

ON PICE:
Wt.
16-6.

iElfwine.

XXI.

24

^GODPINE- PVDI ON
PI-:

CirMlwinn

and \Vudi(n).

\Vt. IG 8.

Tijpf

ii.

25

tHARO CNV REX

[PI.

^S/EFINE ON PINEEST:
Mt. 180.

S3winc.

XXI.

10.]

320

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

Slxc. a.d. 1042; died a.d.
^Joneyers.
lOOtJ.

Mitnn [ = iE.stan
^(Igar
(liond.).

?]

{Winch sL).

iElfwi or J-Ufa-ie [= ^Elfwig or yElfwine], {Camhr., Heref., Loud.,

Thrtf.).

^tlric, Edric, &c. (Cant.. Line, Lond., Thetf.).

^Ifwig, ^Iwig, kc.

(Brist., C.imbr.,

iEdward,
.^elric

see
\_see

Eadward.
also
Jilfric]

(Glonc,

HfTC'f., Lond.).

iEgelmair (Bath), .^gelric or Egelric (Glouc, Lond., Oxf.).

iEgelsie (Thetf.).
JEgelsig {Loud.). yEgclward (Lond.).

Lcic,

yEgelwcr [iEgolwerd] (Lond.). .lEgelwig or Egelwig (Lond., 0.r/.). .tEgelwine {Agticor?, Crickl., ' Ilch., Leic, Lond., Oxf., Tamw., Winchest.,

Lond., Oxf., Thif., WaUiiuj/.). ^Ehvinc, &c. .lElfsvinc, Elfwiue, (Bri.st., Cambr., Chicli., Colch., Guild., Crickl., Dovir, Exet., Ilert., Hunt., Ilythe, Ilch., Ipsw., Oxf., Lond., Norw., Line, Southamp., Southw., Thetf., Wilt., Windiest., Wore, York). .Elfwold, see ^Elfwald. .Elfwond [= .Elfwold?] (Lond.). jElmur {Both).

,Elmon
J<:iric

(Bedf.).

.Elncd, Elricd, &c., (Cant.).

Wore),

[=-Slfric?] (Glouc,
[cf.

ITere/.,

^ilsio (Thftf.). iEilwig (Wallingf.).

.iEilwino [ee (Crickl.).

Leic.).'

.^rfrc
.lEgelwine],

also

.^Estan, Astan, or

Arfra] (Stamf.). Estan {Brii't.,

^^<>ln^^.,

iElfch (Shrews., Stamf.). iElferc, ^Elfhcro, or'Elfiro {Stam/., York). ^Iffet (Lond.). yElfgar (Chest., Lond.). iElfgct(Linc.).
jEl/mrrr. iElfno, .Elno, or Elfno (Line, Loud.). /Elfrod or Klfred(Cant.. Lond.. York). .lElfric, .iElrie, or EllVic {JIdrdn., Brist., Cant., Exet., G/<*ue, (iuild., Lcic,

Warw., Winchest.). JEstan and Loc (Winchest.) yJJgtmur or Extmar {Lond.).

yEwulf, see Eawulf. JE^ehcpard.

JEMicine

{Thetf., Y<>rh).

iESestan (Brist, Winchest.). Agamund (Line).

Aldgnr (Lond.).
Aleof(York).
Allsie.
xr.

.Elfsie.
sr,

Alfwald or Alfwold.
Aliiniuiid (Nott.).

.Elfwal.l.

Lond., Southic., Staf., Lydf., Thetf.). iElfsie, Alfsio, Elfsic, &c. (Cliest., ftlouc., Lewes, Lond., Thetf.,
W'lirw.).
^<:ifsig,

iElfsigc, Elfsige,

Elxige

&c.

(Ciiest., (lloHC,
yl^lftjJan, (

Lond.).

Llf.stan.

yElfwald, ^IfwoM. Alfwald, &c. (Lond.. Sali^h., Wilt.). iElfward, .Elfw.ar.l, .Elfwcrd, ElfVI rd, iVc. (Brist., Cant., Lond.,
Shaft.).

Alric (Lond.). Alxxi [ = .Elfsig?] (Chest.). Anderboda or Anderbode (Winchest.). Ansira. Arbctel [= Amcetel ?] (York). Arfra [ = yErfaraV] (Stamf.). Arnc(d, Amcetel, Amcytel, Arhrtil, \-e (York). Arngrim, .lErngrim, or Erngrim(^'/J,^7.. Nott., York). AsefirS [ = Osfer ?] (Line).

Astan,

Si

I'

.Est4in.

At.sere (Thetf.).

The Monoycrs' names without Mint

places

.ire

chiefly taken Troni the

list in

Riiding.

:VM)

i;N(ii,.\Ni.

A lit
It,
,

or Aiilli (Line).

ild (//.<//., IJcdwiii).

ItuldiiiiK {SI, till/.).

nil or llitirn

Cillrcriwt (Taunt.).
Cilliii ? (I-iiif.).
(j'ihvi, H'<

(Waroli., Ynrh).
or
IMaciiiiiii

Itiiiri'il (l.oiiil.).

Ciolwi.

Itlut-iiiiiiiii,

ItliK I'liiiin,

Cinciiiiur (Lond.).

(l>orrli., (iuilil., Notl,;.

Cin.Htan (Dover).
('Ugil.

Hliic.r

riii-ll'.).

Itliiniiiiin [= ?] (Dordi.). IMiin re [cf. lilficer] (Thetf.). JUlric. l{();,'ii, Hoia, or lloif^a (Dover, Tiiimt.). Uraiid (Must., WuUiugf., Winclu hI.)MricHJi,'!) (Loud.). I5ri.l or llriiid (I last.). nri,i,'litiii!i!r, Brilitmsor, &c. (Lund.,

lllaraman

Clnciin: Ciil or Cola.

C^lhin (Dcrl)y). CoUiraiid (Clicst.). CJolgrini (Line). Colinc (Tamw.). Cohi.

Colstan.

Wiillinf;f.,

Winehcst.).

Colswcgcn (Hast.).
Coltsue.

]triliiiw[
l?rilitiu)>

= Jirihtinc?'].

((ilouc). i;rilitrcd(Lond., Oxf.).

Ccmli? (Line). Cimna.

Ciirff

Jiri^ric, &:c. (Coloh., Ipsw., Lino., R,ad., Taunt., Wallingf.). Brihtwiiio (Lond., Malui., Vxf., Wallingf., York). Brihtwuld {OxJ\, "WiDchest.\ Brin.
JJrilitrii',

(Lond.).

Cu%ftr^ (IJnc).
CytelloT Citvil (York). Droinlut (Aijlegb., Maid.). Dthjin (None).
Dcftlien or

Dcorhan (Lond.).

Jlriiiit? (jSVfim/.).

Deornian or Diorman (Colch., Lond.,

Htcyn.).

Brinwold (Oxf.).
Brixi (Wilt.). Brifrir, sec. Brihtric.
Jirurhi/iii', x<
'

Deorsigo (Hert., Line).

ISriinhyse.
{Iiisw.).

Dermon [= Doorman Direman (Lond.).

Diremc.

?]

(Steyn.).

Uruinni'

= Bruii\viuo]

Brum
Brun

(I{)sw.).

Dirinc or Dijrinc [=:Wirinc?] (Cant.,

Cliich.).
[ = Dudinc?] (Lond.). Dudinc (Hnriid., Lend.). Duducol (Shaft.). Dulwic (Lond.). Duninc, Duning, Dunninc, &c.

Brunian, Bruinnan, OTBrntiman (Cant.,

Ijitiw.,

Land.). or Bruiin (Ipsw., Winchest).

Dodnic

liruiidiriiii'.

Brunfrar (Lond., Ronin.).

Bruuhysc

= Brunsij;e]

(Colch.).

(Cheat.,

Brunic, Bruniiic, Brunninc, Bryninc, &c. (Cliost., Ipsw., Line, Lond., Tainw.). BrunuLSO [ = Brunhy.-e] (Colch.) Brunnusel [ = Brunliusel?] (Chest.). Brun.stan (Thetf.). Brunwine or Bnjmcine (Stamf., "Wallingf.).

Hast.).

Durhrd
Durul.

(llch.).

Duriuc (Lend.). Durreb (Lond.).

Eadgar or Edgar (Berkel.. Lond.).

Eadmund

(Loud.).

Eadric (Lond.).
Bruninc.

Bryninc,

^vv'

Eadwald. Eadwold, Edwald, Edwold,

&c. (Loud.).

Burod

Buhnd (Lond.). Biircwinc [ = Brunwino?] (Wallingf.).

or

Eadward, P^adweard, Edward, Edwcrd,

&c. (Cambr., Caut., Exet., Lewes). or Edwig (Chich., Exet., Ipsw., Lewes, Lond.). Eiulwinc, Edwino, &e. (Leic, Lewes, /y/r, Lond., Norw., Oxf., Rocli., Stamf.).

Burnhere (Lond.).
Burnrod.
Cedoniiiii (Shaft.).

Eadwig

a/t,L Con el in (Norw.).

Centwine (Wilt).
or Ciola {Whichtet.). Cto/tan. Coolwi or Cilwi (Dover).
Ct'iyja

Eidcsi.

Ceorl (Brist.). CitttI, s,;- Cytdl. (.'ewine [ = Cent\vinel (Exet.).

Ealdgar (Lend.). Ealdulf (Lond.). EaUlwig (Maid., Malm.).

Eauicrd

(Cant.).

Earcil (York).

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

Earinvi[p] (Hcrtf., Shrews.). Eastmitsr (Wore.). Eawulf (Glouf.). Ecwig (Loud.). Edelic. El gar, gee Eadgar.
I

331

Garulf (Windiest., Wore.). Geldewiue, GiMewinc, (Tiiltkwine, or

Gyldewine (Cant., Geola (York).

Gifc or Girt' (Line.). Gilpin (Oxf.).
(ilifwiue (Loud.).

Leic.).

Edin?(Lond.).
E.lina3r(Kxut.).

Godcild (Ihd/., Watch.).

Goilcleof (Thetf.).
(Jodel/uld.

Edmund

(Line).

Edred (Loud.).
Edric or Edriic, see iEdric. Edsie [= Ed.sige?] (Exct.).

Godeuian or Godman (Heit., Lond.,

South w., Wurch., Godire (Loud.).
Goderic, see Godrie.

W inchest.).

Eddan

{Canthr.). Edwald or Edwold, see Edward or Edwerd, sec

Eadwald. Eadward.

Edwie (Wiuchest.).

Godesbraud (Shaft.). Godesune, (Jodsunu,

Godi (Lond.).

Gotsuuu,

Sl"c.

Ed wig,

Eadwig. Edwine, see Eadwine.

see

(Cambr., Cant.. Loud.).

Egelric, gee .^Egelric.

Godiamb (Cambr.).
Goiirie,

Egelwine,
Eilno^.

see

uEgehviuc.

Godeiio,

i<;e.

(Bath,
(Jiouc.,

Bedf.,

Egel.-, see also JEgc\.-

Eilwinc [=iElfwine?] (Laiigp). Elewino (Tlutf., York).

Elfred, see iElfred.
El/sine.

Hunt., Ilch., Leie., Lewes, Line., Loud., Salisb., Lijmne, Maid., Ox/., Shaft., Southw., Stam/., Thetf., Winchest.).
Chest.,
Dtrl'ij,

Giidwi, Godwic, or
Brist.,

Godwig

(Lond.).
C^dch.,
liert..

Elfstan or ^Ifstan (Lond., Wilt., WincIlGSt ^

Godwiu, Godwine, or Godwine (Bedf.,

C.imbr.,

Elf.-, see al'do ^Elf.-

Dorch.,

Elrajd or Elred, see .^Iroed. Elric [ = .EUVic] (Hortf.).

Eltau[=ElfHtan](York).
Elwiiic[ = Elf\viiic?](Oxf., Winclicst.). Endri'' or Enric {Derby). Eola (York).

Maid., Hunt., Lond., Norw., S(dish., Ox/., Koch., Shrews., Stamf., Steyn., Thetf., Winchest., Wore., York). Godiiinc and C'ncn (Winch' iit.).

Dover, Lewes,

Chich., Glouc.,

Godwine and Widia ^Winchest.).

Gohi.

Eorfl=Coiir?^(Ii'(id.). Erfric [=iElfric?J (Exet). Ermwi (Hi *</.). Erncilor Eriicytel[cf.Arnoytcl](York). Erngrim [cf. Arngrim] (York).
Estaii, sie iE.-jtan.

Goldan (Lond.).

Goldman

(Coleh.).

GoMsie, G(dd8ige,or Goltsigc (Lond.). Goldwine or Goldewino (Hert, llythe.

Loud., Winehel., IVinclust.).
(toltsine (Lond.).

Esther (Lond.). Exluuer, 8" ^E.^^tmjor.

E-,tiuund (Loud., Thctf.). Etsige [ = Ed8igu] (Dover, Lond.).

('otsuun. see Godsunu. Gtrn-(TI,-tj.).

Etstau [= Edstan] (Gaiubr.).

Elurcol.

GoSrie, see (Jodric. Grimolf, Grimulf, Grinule, &c. (Yorii).

Ewiewii, &c. (Ilert., Lond.). Ecl.-, scr JE^clEarchir (S^iudw.).

Guldewiuc, see Geldcwiuc. Guolfwine (Glouc).

Gu^tnt.

GuSred

Eargiim

or Fiurgrini (Cheat., Stauif.).

(Ilvthe). (^welic [ = Godelif?J (Tiutf.).

Fodicinc (tStduif.). Foloerd (Tlietf.).

(iyhlewine, see (teldewiiie. Iliurgod or Haregod (Oxf.).

Ilierred <.r Il.rred (Wilt.). IIaldene(\(.tt.). Ilarciii [ = MarfinV] (Slamf.). ir.,i?^uln>r llcJiwulf (Wiueliest.).

Folewiue (Sudb.). Forinan (Nott.).

FriidnHud

( Wiiirh'iit.).

Fri^eic'uu; (Sttiin/.). Froma or Frome (Derby).

Illanguif (Norw.).

Fron

[ef.

Fromn] (Derby).

Horn

(Hoeli.).

Garliu (Liue).
G(UUH-i.

llunewiiie (Exet.).
Ihiyearl, &p. (Cheat.).

a:v2

KN'fJLAM).
(

Ilwiitiiimii
LuH'tii
llliir
( :

IJri.-il.,

Dorcli.).

(ir

IrnriiY (l.nnd.).

|,ilin..V|( U'iitrlfxl).

r.xTtcl, locitrl, lukct.l, \c. (V(.rk).

lulii, lll,
Iiiliiiiii

Lufff [zrLumnc?] (Wanr.). Lufrli; mi: Leofrie. Ijiifntiin. tfrtt Lfofstan. LufwiiM!, mr Lcofwini'.

or

loll! (V(.rlv).

Man, Mima, Manna, Manne,

3/(j/w
[

or

loiKiiiii

(York).

&c. (Cant., l/iUi:,Nonr., Tint/., Yorl;).

Ior a. lonl.
Iii;:;l'lot

= Manna V]

(None).

f =:Iiif,'otol

or IoceUl]CYork).

iVIanwine (Dover). Marccre or ^lorcere (St.

Edmunds).

Illlfcr.^ ((iloiir.).

Marein
Mi,rn'.
(Liii<:, AViiiclnst.).

= Harcin'-']
nee

(Stanif.).

Iiiivkl

= liu-(tcl?](York).
LddmnLoofno^.

liudiimir or
Li/C.trl.

Umund,
Osmajr

Osmund.

Lufi'DoiS, (

Orlaf(Lon(l.). Osfer<5, Ox/nj^, &c. (Line.).

(IJatli).

Lcf.-,

sr.i-

also Leof.-

L.o/<Lrcj.

Osmund, Oiuund,

or

Oniynd (Lewes,

licufnian, Ivofnmn, &c. (Lewes).

Lond., \nrw., Southw.).

Lcofu {Chrd., Glouc).

Lcofu'1*, Liofno(S, &c. (Chest., Chich., Glouc, Horef., Lond., Y'ork). Loofred, Lifred, I.iufrcd, Sec. (Crickl., Loiul., Soiithw., ThetK.). Leofrie, Liofric, Lofric, &c. (Hunt.,

Oaward (Ilch., Stamf.). Oswold (Lewes).

Otiniw.

Leic,

Loud.,

Norw.,

Romn.,

Oian, 0<5en, OtSin, or OSinnc (Y'ork). 0<5beorn, 0<5bern, OtSborn, or OuSbearn (Line., Y'ork). 0<5grim or Ou^grim (Line., Y'ork).
OSin,
see O'^fin.

Siiuthauip., Stuinf., Thetf., AVarw., Worr.).

0olf, Ouolf, or OuSulf (York).

0(5slac (Line.).

Lcofsio [ = Loof8igc] (Lond., Nott). Jjiofnig,' or Lifng (Xott). Leofstan, Lofbtan, Liofstan, &c. (Cant., (tIouc, Ipsw., Lond., Richb., Salish., Shrews., Winchest.,
^Vorc.).

Lcofward,

Leofword,

or

Liofweard

Price (Norw.). Ra3dulf(IIert.). Ea3fen, Ricfin, Eafen, &c. (Y'ork). liiaannn. BincuJf, Rinulf, &c. (Norw.). Iludcarl (Cant.).
Sajcol or Sascolf (Cambr., Cant.). Sajfuccf irzzSxfugeWl (York).

(Colch., Lewes). Liofwi or Lefwi [ = wint] (Chest.,

Lfofwig or LeofLewes, Lond.,

(^Chest.,

Sxfugel (York).
Sajfuhel,

None).
Leofwie, Lcofwig, Lofwig, ic. Loud., Norw., Wareh.).

Sefuel,

kc.

[=

SxfugeV]

(York). Soemasr (Hert.).

Leofwinc (Exet.).
Leofwine,
Lifwine, Liofwine, &c. (Aijhsh., Buel:, Cant., Chest., Derby, Dnnr, Exet., (tIouc., Hast., Hunt., Hytlie, Ilch., Leic., Line., Lond., Norw., Oxf., Roch., Sandw., Shrews., Southiimp., Southw., Stanif., Thetf., AVilt., Wiuchest.).
Line., Winchest.).

Sa3wino

or
[

if-j'r.,

Siewine (Exet., Southarap., Wilt).

Hunt.,

Sbeiman?

= Swetnian?]

(liond.).

Scula, Scule, kc. (Y'ork). Selcwine (Glouc.). Sidemau (^Vareh.). Siewine, eee Sa)wine.

Leofwold or Liofwold (Ipsw., Lewes,

Leofword, f>if Lcofward. Leofegen (Bedf.).
Li/rrc.
Lilic [
Lifine,

Sigebode (Salisb.). Sigod (Bedf.). Silac (Glouc).

Sired (Cant., Lond., Newp.). Sna3born, Sneaborn, Sueaburn, Sneborii, Snebearn, .tc (Y'ork). Sncxciiw [ = Siewine?] (Brii<t.). Snoter (Nott.). Spot, see Swot. Spnxcelino, Spraceling, Spragelinc, Spreacaling, &c. (Lond., ^Viuchest.).

(Ipsw., York). Lifing, Liofinc, Luffinc. Ac. (Exet.. Tpir., JAiw., Loud., Wane, AVilt., AVinchest.). IJfred, we Leofred.

= Lifinc]

Lifwine and Horn (Eoch.).

I.iof.-. fin

Lcof.-

Lic (\Vatch., ^Vinche3t.). Luciuc [=Lcuing] (^Va^w.).

Sprot. see Swot. Stannia>r (Colch.). Stircol, Styrcol, &c (Y'ork).

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

Sumerleda,
Thetf.).

333

Sumerluda,

&c.

{Line,

Wulf

[set also Ulf] (Line.). TFM//fc[ = Ulfcetel].

Sicafa (Line). Swarcolf [ = Swartcol ?] (Stamf.). Swartcol, Sweartcol, Swertcol, (Chest., York).
Line.').

&c.

Wulgar (Dereh., Line, Lond.). Wulfgut or Wulget (Cant., Glouc., Shrews., Steyn.).
Wulfgar or
Wulfrnxr, see Wulma}r. WulfnoS, WulnoS, &c.
Wiilfrard.
(Cliest., Nutt., Southaiup., Stuiuf.).

Swartinc or Swertinc (Cant., Derby,

Swatic (Derby). Sweart or Sictrl
(Stam/.).

Lcic,

Swertinc [=

?]

Wulfrcd

or

Wulred

(Aylesb.,
llrh.,

Cant.,
I^eic.,

S wear tin f^ (W inchest.). Swegn ( York).

Swertinc, see Sicartinc. Swetman (Loml., Oxf.,
Simtham}!.,

Lond.). Wulfric (Chich.,

Hast.,

Line, Lond., Roih., Shaft., Steyn.,

Warth.).

South w.).
Swetric (Muld., Richb.,
AVilt.).

Wulfsigo, Wulsig, Wulsige, &c. (Ipsic Lond., Xorw.).

Lond.).

Sweian. Swileman

Wulfstun or Wulstan (Cant., Dorch.,

(Wincliet.).

Swot

or Sicota (Bedf.).
Thttf.).

Widfulf (Line).

Swotric (Bill/.).

Tidred (Hert.,
Tolsi.

Wulfward, Wulfwerd, tSce. (Dover, Glouc, Lond.). Wulfwi [ = Wulfwine?] (Bedf., Camhr.,
Dovi-r, Hunt.,

Udfe?

(Line.).
[

Wore).

(Lond.). Ulf, I7Z/t, orUlff(Liuc.). Ulfcetel, Ulfcytol, &c. (BL-df., llimt.,

Uhitred

= Wiitrcd]

Wnlfwig or Wuiwig (Glouc, Hunt.). Wulfwiue or Wulwinc (Jirixt., Camtfr.,

Lewes,
Cant., Colch., Exet., Henf., Hunt., Lond., Oxf., Stamf., Wallingf., War'h.).

York).
Ulfcil
[

= Ulfectel]

(York).

Unolf (York). Urlowino (Bath).

Wulgar, sir Wulfgar. Wuliied(Romn.).

Wadel

Auti] (Line). (Bath). Walrafan (Line). Wiboarn (Cambr.). Wicing (Exet., Wore). Widia or Widica (Winchest.).
Utti
[of.

Wulmser

or Wulmnr (Exet., Ronui Shrews.). Wulna?) or Wulnot^, s-i Wiilfnot^. Wulfii or Wulsie [ = Wulfsige] (Ipsw., Land.).

Widred.
WigmasT.
Wilffiprip or Wilgrip (llcrt.).

Wulstan, see Wulfstan. Wulwi, X'V Wulfwi. W'uhvig. .vvr Wulfwig.

Wul.-,
^.,
al.-;.,

Wulf.-

Wilcrif (Stiimf.). Wileric [ = Wulfric ?] (Stamf.). Wilfrid? (Ilert.). WiJgrid [= Wilfrid?] (Stamf.). Wiltrand [ = Wilfrid?] (Ilcrt). Windicild.

Wurfurd (Thetf). Wurreb [ = purreb] (I^nd.).

Wyd'coc
(S/inft.).

Wynstan (Wiuchest.).
peodrie (Warw.).
Peo?irt<l,

Wiiuman
Wintred

(SalinJ).).

)?reodrod,&c (Ihxs^. por or porr (Loud., York).

Hyll,,).

Winstan (Dover).
Wiutcrfngel, Wiuterfuhel,
(Tlietf.).
iV:c.

(York).

porctel, Porcil, or pureil (Lmd., Wilt.), porfir* or porford (Lmd., Norw.).

Winu8(Wilt.).
Wirc^iia (Lond.). Wirinc [.t(( uIho Diriiie] (Lowes).

]?orstan

or

]?urt*(an

(Norw., Stumf.,

Warw.).
]?urr,tl (Land.).

Wiryn

(Clu'.st.).

Wudi:nian (Slirewn.).
Wulbeurii,
iVc.

)?urfurS or purucrS (Norw.). purgrini or ]?iirnfirim (Line,

Lond.,

(Line.).

Norw., York)."

Wulcred [= Wiilfred?] (Lond.). Wuldar [ = Widfgai?].

Wuldrie
[ = WtdfrioVJ ( hidi.). Wulenuo!^, m, M'ulfuo^.

purrim or

pt/rr/i [

= purgrini] (York).

j?iirbt.in, sie

Porstan.

)?iinur<S, sie ).iurfurf^.

\:'urulf

(Stumf.).

;!;:

IINCI.ANI).

DKacmniriN ok Tvn:8.

Obverm.

Keverne.

Type
lliiHt

i.

Around, cmwii. outer inspriptiifn divitbd l>y bust

I
,

with

nviliiitf'

Small cross patttfn. tion between two

10.]

AmuikI,
eircles.

iiiMorip-

ciri'lt

[Cf.

n. XXVI.
i.

Ty)ye

var. a.

Same.
[Cf. PI.

Similar: annulet in
I

field.

XXIV.
i.

5.]

Type
Similar: huet I, iliadcmed
sccpire.
;

var.
I

h.

in front,

Same

as Type

i.

[Hild., ri. 12,

Type A.

var. a.]

Type

ii.

Bust

1.,

diademed.

Around,

inscrip-

Short cross voided

jicllet
:

tion divideil bj' burit: outer circle.

[Cf.

Around, inscription

in centre outer circle.

n. XXII. 8]
ii.

Type
Same.

var. a.

Similar
I

annulet in one angle of cross.

[Cf.

n. XXIV.
ii.

G.]

Type
Similar: in front of bust, sceptre.

var.
|

b.

Same
p.

as

Type

ii.

[See No. 1113,

420.]

Type Bust

iii.

diademed; in front, sceptre (iMimme'e). Around, inscription

1.,

divided by bust

outer circle

Over short cross voided quadrilateral ornament with three pellets at each au<rle and one in centre. Around, inscription between two circles.
7.]

[Cf. ri.

XXII.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

Obverse.

335
Kcvtrsc.

Tj/pe

iii.

var. a.

Similar

bust

r.
I

Same.
[Cf. ri.

XXVI.
iii.

13.]

Type
Similar: bust
1.,

var.

b.

with radiate crown;

[Cf. ri.

Same,
7.]

no

Bccjitrc.
|

XXIV
iii.

Type
Dust
l, diademei}, (fc, as

var.

c.

Type

iii.

but
|
|

Similar

sceptre terminating in flcur-ihf-lis.

: one pellet only at eaeh angle of qxtadrihiteral ornament.

[IliUl..

n.

13,

Type C.

rr.

d.'\

Type

iv.

Bust 1., diademed iu Around, inscription

:

front, sceptre.

Lonp
P

divided

by

bust: outer circle.

cross voided, each limb terminating^ in crescent in centre, circle enclosing pellet, and in angles
;

7\

X.

Around, inscription:

outer circle.
[cr.

n. XXVI.
iv.

h]

Type
Same.
[Cf.

var. a.

Similar; sliort cross voide<l, willi crescents at ends of limbii.

n. XXVII.
iv.

14.]

Type
Same.

var.

b.

Similar
short

pdUt

at

end / each limh nf

cross

voided,

and

inscrijition

bitwcen ttco circles.

[Uil.l, ri

13,

Tiip.

1>.

var

h]

SM

KNGLAND.
ObrarM.
Ravenc.

Type
Hunt
1. iliiuli iii'd
;

V.

ill

front, wrjilri'
iiiHcriiition

Sliort crcHH
iilly

vr>i(lc<l,

the

liriilm

fn-adii-

(|Kiiiinu'V).

Ari'iiiiii,

(^xpnndin^

d ividiJ

\<y

buBl

ouUr

circh-.

liy t\vi circlcB.

at Iiuho Aniiuni, iiiacription

iinil

niiittil

hctwtcn two
[Cf. PI.

circlcH.

XXII.
V.
I

4.]

Type
Siiintv

vnr. a.

Similar:
cTosa.
H.]

nnnulot

in

one

angle

of

[Cf.

ri.

XXIV.
V. tvir. b.

Type

Similar: cross patte'e iu cacli angle of

I

cross.
I

[Sec No. 1179,

Tyj)e vi.
I5unt
1
,

p. 427.]

(liaiUnu'il

in

front, scoptn;.

Around, inHcriptiun divided by bust

outer circle.

Short croBs voided, earh limb terminating in three crcijoeuts; in ecnlre,

annulet.

Around, inscription becircles.

tween two
[Cf.

n. XXX.
Type
vii.

14.]

liubt

Warded, wearin helmet and holding in

r.,

pointed
r.

hand

ticeptre, which trininatta in cross,* tUur-dc-lisor three pcIKts (pommee). Around, inscription divided by bust: outer circle.

Short cross voided, each limb terminating in three crescents; in centre, annulet, frequently enclosing pellet.

Around,
circles.
I

inscription

between

two

[Cf.

n. XXII.
vii.

1.]

Type
Same.
[Cf. ri.

var. a.

Similar

annulet iu one anslc of cross.

XXIV.
var.

;.]

Type
Similar;
bu.-t
1.

vii.

b.

[Cf. ri.

Same as Type XXII. 2]

I

vii.

Type

Uubt

r.,

lioarded;

wearing i>ointcd
in
r.

helmet,
s<"eptre.

and
:

holding

hand
di-

Short cross voided; annulet in centiv; in each angle a martlet. Around,

inscription b( twecn

Around,

inscription
[Cf.

two

circles.

vidcd by bust

outer circle.

n. XXVIII. 6]

ihaX l<cing Uic

In (lc#cril>ing the coins of this type, unless otherwise 8tt<d, the eccptrc terminates in a cross '

more common form.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

Obverse.

337

Reverse.

Type

ix.

King seated towards

on throne, generally bearded, wearing crown l)y threes balls suriaountcd he liolds in r. hand long sccijtre, and in 1. orb Burmounted by crosH. Around,
r.,
;

Short cross voided; annulet or pellet frequently in centre in each angle

;

a martlet.

Around,
circles.

inBcrii>tion be-

tween two

inscription

outer

circle.

[Cf. ri.

XXIII. 2]
ix.
I

Type
Same.
[Cf. PI.

v(tr.

a.
:

Similar

annulet in two angles of

cross.

XXIV.
X.

10.]

Type

King

seated towards r., on throne, generally boiirded, wearing crown surmounted by three balls he holds
;

Short cross voided, each limb terminating in an incurved segment of a

circle;
in centre, pellet.
:

Around,

in

r.

hand long

scejjtre,

orb Burniounted by eros.s. inscription: outer circle.

and in 1. Around,
[Cf. ri.

inscription

outer circle.

XXVI.
xi.

8.]

Type

Bust r., bearded wearing crown of two arches, surmounted by thrt-e balls in front, sceptre. Around, inscription divided by bust outer
; ; :

Short cross voided, each limb terminating in an incurved segment of a

circle
;

in
:

centre, pellet.

Around,

inscription

outer circle.

circle.

[Cf. ri.

XXII.

3.]

Type
Same.

xi.

var. a.

Similar;
I

annuh-t

in

one

angle

uf

cross.
I

[Cf. PI.

XXIV.
xi.

11.]

Type
Same.

car. h.

Similar to Ty|H;

xi.

segments of
of cross.
[Cf. PI.

circle at

but no ineuived ends of limbs

XXV. C]
xii

Type
wearing crown of Bust r., bciirded two arches, surmounted by tiiree Around, balls; in front, sceptre. outer inscription divided by bust
;
;

Small cross patte'e. tion between two

|
i

Around,
ircles.

inscrip-

circle.

[l.

I'l.

XX\

I.

'i.]

VOL.

II.

338
Obvma.

KNIJLANI).

Revcne.

Typr.
IliiMi fiK'ini,'. iM-nnl-vl
;

xiii.

winrin^,' nrclir<l
hiirininintcil
liy

Srniill croHH
tioii

imttco.

Around, inecripcirclea.

rmwii,
rroHM.
twii

tr.M|nintly
Artiiiinl,

between two

inncripticin iM-twein
(livitK'l

rircliH,

iiHinlly

aljovo

ly bciul.

[Cf.

VI XXII.
xiii.
I'ur.

It.]

Type
blatuu.

.
:

Similar
I

aiiuulct in fuld.

[Cf.

ri.

XXIV.
xiii.
V(tr.

12.]

Type
Siun
.

h.

Similar to
I I

Type

xiii.

pellet at

end of

each limb of
[Cf. PI.

cross.

XXV.
xiv.
,

7.]

Type
Biist fiicinp:,

boarded

wearing arched

Short

cMwn and
liver
r.
;

in

1.

buldiiip ecoptrc directed sliouldrr in r. hand and orb fmni each side of the crown
ft

'

depends
l>elh'ts.

by

bu(<t

terminating in three Aro\ind, iui-cription divided outer circle.

fillet

annulet or pelcross voided let frequently in centre; in each angle j)yraiiiid sj)rinfring' from inner circle and terminating in pellet, Around, inscription between two
;

circles.

[Cf. ri.

XXIII. 8]

Type XV.
Bust
r.,

wenring arched crown, from

iillet,

Short
;

wiiich dei)onds a
in tliree pellets;

terminating

let

An'und,

in front, sceptre. inscription divided by bust:

outer circle.

cross voided; annulet or pelfrequently in centre; in each nngle pyramid springing from inner circle and terminating in pellet, Aruiind, inscription between two
circles.

[Cf.

n. XXII. 10]

Ty}} XV. ntr. a.

Same.
[Cf. ri.

Similar annulet instead of pyramid in one angle of cross.

:

XXIV. 13]
rnr.
b.

Type XV.
Similar; bust
1.
|

[Cf. ri.

Same XXVII.

as
7.]

Type

sv.

Tyite XV. tar.

c.

^imUar. bust

r.

no sceptre.
[Cf
r\

SimiliU": at

end of e;ich limb of cro!^8, segment of circle curved outwards.

10]

XXIX

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

Obverse.
Reverse.

339

Tyjye xvi. Biist

wearin arclied crown, from which depends a fillet, terminatin

r.
;

in three

jjellets;

in front, sceptre.

Around, inscription divided by bust

outer circle.

Short cross voided each limb tcrminating in three crescents; annulet in each enclosinp: pellet in centre anfrle, jiyraniiil springing from centre
; ;

and terniinating in pellet. Around, inscription between two circles.

[Cf. PI.

XXYIII.
xvii

7.]

Type Bust r. wearing arched crown, from which dejieiids a fillet, terminating
;

Across

in lluT'c pellets; in front, sceptre. Around, inscription divided by bust:

and between two dotted Around, inscription P 7X X. between two circles.

field

lines

outer

circle.

[Cf

PI.

XXIV.

14.]

Description' of Coins.

No.

840
No.

EN(JLANl).

Obreno.

RcverM.

Monpycr.

Type

V.

^<EDPE RD REX

4</EIELM/ER

ON BAO
Wt. 2U

2.

jEgelmecr.

BAD
by
one
17-2.

Vnr. T>inibH of ctohh

united

circle only.

Wt.
Type
vii.

^EDPAR- D REX

^GODRIE N BADAN
Wt. 210.

Godric.

RE

"i-CODRlEC

ONN
B7\?iNN Wt. 20-8.
:

REX

i<05M/ER

ON
BTXOT^NN Wt. 20-2.
:

Osm.Tr.

Wt. 207.
Type
10
vii.

var.

h.

4-EAD PERD REX

Var. Sceptre,

^CODRIEE ONN
pum-

Godric.
:

mee.
[PI.

BA07\NN Wt 20-4.
2.]

XXII.

Ty^ye ix.
11

HhESDVVEARDVS REX
AI^LO

I-GODRIE

ON BA)AN
Wt.
20-7.

Godric.

Type
12

xi.

^EADPAR RD RE
i'EADPAR

i'LODRlE ON BADEN:
AVt. 20-8.

Godric.

L3

i<0a3M/ER

ON

BTkDEN
Wt.
2(1 5.

Osmirr.

[n. XXII.
14

3.]

.i-.EADPAR,,

ON BSDEN
Wt.
20-2.

15

..

..

tOcoM/ER:

ON BAGEN
Wt.
20-7.

IG

bEADPARD RD RE
j I

I'VRLLEPINE ON

Urlewinc
0.

BAOEN
Wt. 20

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

Obverse.

341
Moneyer.

Type
17

xiii.

"l^EADPARD REX

A-

^OSM/ER ON
i^OcoM/ER

BT^OE
wt.
is-0.

Osmfcr.

18

4<EADRARD REX

ON
Wt. 17
2.

BEDEFORD.
[IJcdford.]

Type
19

ii.

^EDPAD RE

^VL-EHTEL NB
Wt. ]3o.

Ulfcetel

Type
20

V.

I^EDPE

-RD

REX

4^/ELMON ON

^Imon.
Wt.
24-5.

BEDEFO.

2]

REX[PI.

1<SP0T

ON BEDEFOR
Wt.
25-7.

Ppot or Swot.

XXII.

1.]

Type
22

vii.

I^EDPER- D

REX

I^PVLFPI

ON BEDEFOR
Wt. 20
0.

Wulfwi( =
Wulfwinc
?).

Type
23

ix.

EADPARD REX AM6L-

i^LODRIE

01/IH

BEDE
Wt. 220.

Godric.

Type
24

xi.

^EADPAR RD RE
[PI.

"fGODPINE
XXII.

ON BEDEFO
Wt.
20*;.

GoJwiuc.

5.]

25
Viir.

-^colLOD

ON BEDEFOR
Wt.
l.S-5.

Sigod.

Scoptro torininatinginflcur-

'

:jiii

ENULANJ).

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

Reverse.

343

Moneyer.

Tijpe V.

84

iEDPE: -RD REX.-

^/ELFPT^RD ON
BRICSTWt. 20
4.

iElfwanl.

^EDP RD REX

4</EeESTAN ON BRI
Wt.
17fi.

iEScbtan.

Type
3(J

xi.

HcEADPAR-

RD RE

i-/ELFRIC

ON
BRVCcoTO
AVt. 20-5.

JClfri"

37

I-EADPAR

}</ELFPINE-

ON BRE:
Wt.
2U-2.

yElfwine or Elfwiuo.

38

"^ELFPINE ONBRVCSTO
AVt. 2U(J.

30

^EADPAR

tDODPINE ON BREEC- Godwine.

Wt. 20n.

Tf/^w xiii.

40

I-EADPARD REX

A
[I'l.

I^SODPINE ON BRVCE
Wt.
i(;-7.
Lt.]

(Joilwiuc.

XXII.

41

EIIDDIIRI RECHh-

BRVC
Wt.
17-2.

Type XV.
42

i^EADPARD REX
[ri.

flELFFINE ON BREE
Wt.
19-7. 10.]

^-T'^lfwinc.

XXir.

43

^EADPARD RE

^EEORL ON BRVEE:
Wt.
20-4.

Ccorl.

C/ENTFARABYRIG,
[Cant<'rbury.]

Krc.

Tiipc

ii.

41

^EDPH-.- D RE
I I

^BRVHAN
[I'l.

Ol-CEN
Wt. KJO.

rrmnan.

X.Xll.

11.]

:\u

KNGLANIi

No,

EDWARD THE CONFESSOK.

No.
Obverse.

iur.

Monej'cr.

Type
CI

V.

^EDPER- D REEX

}</ELFRED ON

.Alfred.

CENTPA
Wt.
2S-4.

C2

.J^EDPE: -RD

REX

J^EDPERD ON

Edwcrd.
Wt.
19-7.

EETPEREEO
tLlFPINE
XXII.
13.]

G3

i-EDPNR-.-

RD RE
[PI.

ON

C/ENT-.
NVt. IG 0.

Lifwine
(Leofwlnc).

Gi

^EDPE; RD

REX-.'

^MANNA ON CANTPA
Wt.
25-7.

Manna.

G5

't'EDPER D R-REE

tPVLFRED ON
EETPERE:
Wt. 19
7.

Wulfrcd.

Type
GG

vii.

4<EPDE-.- D

PEX

^EADPARD ON

CENT-.
Wt. 200.

Eadward.

Var. 8ccptro tcr minatiiigiulleur

de-lis.

G7

^EDPE RD RE
i-EDPER- D REX
V(ir

4<EHDPARD ON C/ENT
Wt. 20
G.

G8

^EDPERD N CENT:
Wt.
21-5.

Sooptre ierminutiiigiufleur-

d.-lis.

GO

4--EDPE RD RE

J-EL-R/ED

ON
C/ENTC/E:
Wt.
21-5.

Elr.Td.

70

iEDPER- D

RE^
REX

HrELRED: 0:N
CENTPA-.Wt. 190.

V(ir.

Sccptro tcrniinatinginflcur-

^SXLDEPINE ON CENT
Wt.
20-5.

Gyldcwiuo.

(Ic-lis.

72

i-EDPN RD REX
V(ir.

i<L-E0F5TAN
tcr-

Loofatan.

Sc-eiitic

ONC/ENT:
Wt.
15-4.

ininiitiug infieur(Ic-IiM.

7:^

fEDPE- RD RE

^MANNA ON CANTP
Wt. 210.

Manua.

:]!(]

ENOLANI).

No.

ObTMM.

Rcvcnic.

Moncycr.

XEDPER D RE

4<PVL5TAN ON CENT.-.
Wt.
'

Wul.stan.

I'JO.

Tiji'

ix.

EADPARD RDX ANS READPRD RX AUG

'

4-/ELRED

OHH FEMT
Wt. Tli.

JElred or
Klrod.

^ELRED ONN
FENTNP
Wt.
l'J-8.

.,

ANG-0Wt. 20-7.

EADPEARD REX
ANSLO-

^-EL-RED ONN FENTN

Wt.
19-0,

EADPARD REX AH6L

80

"t'EADPEARD OLEUE
Wt.
21-9.
t

Eadweard.

EADPLRD RAX ANCORV tCELDEPIN ON E/ENTN

W^t. 21-2.

Ocldewineor Guldewine.

SI

I6VDEPINE

ON
CENTPNR
Wt. 190.

S'2

EADPRD RX ANCOR-

>MV1AHHA

OH EHET.
Wt.
20-3.

Manna.

Type
8:5

xi.

J-EADPA

RD RE

^h/EL-EREARD ON

iElfweard?
I

EVETN
Wt.
84
16-5.

+EADPAR RD RE
4<EADPAR- RD RE

"^/ELR/ED:

ON
C/ENTN
Wt.
19-5.
I
,

^Iraid.

85

i/ELR/ED-.-

ON
C/ENTPA
Wt.
19-2.
I

"I-EADPAR RD RE

l-EADPARD ON
C/ENT-: Wt. 21-9.

Eadward.

87

iELFRIC:

ON C/ENTN
Wt.
is-s.
:

Elfric.

SS

bEAEDPA RD RE

^LVLDEPINE ON
C/ENT:
I

(Juldewiuc.
20-2.
I

Wt.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOK.

No.

347

IMS

i;N(iI,ANI>.

No.

EDWAIJD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

349

X)L)

KN(JLANI).

Ucvomc.

Moncycr.

I'M

LAurAlUJ ILa a
[I'l.

^PVLFRIC ON CIC
\Vl. 17 0.

Wulfrie!

NXIII.

l.J

I'M
\\t.

IKO

Tijfie

XV.

132

EADPARD REX

4</ELFPINE

ON

CIEEco

yElfwine.

AVt. 2(J4.

13;{

CICEcoT
Wt.
'2

10.

13-1

^lELFPINE ON EIEES
Wt.
20-9.

i:{5

4-PVLDRIC

0N

CIC
Wt.
11-5.
(

WuMric

= Wulfiic?).

13G

^PVLFRIC ON CICEST
Wt.
21-2.

Wulfric.

COLECEASTRE.
[Colchester.]

Tyjt
137

iii.

I'EDPE-.-

RD REX

i'l'BRVNHYSE
iELEPINE

ON

C0L-7\

Brnnhyse.

(Twice pierced.)
138

^'EDPER RD RE
I-EDPE:

ON COLI
Wt.
15-7.

Elfwinc.

139

RD REX

J-LEOFPARD ON COLE
Wt.
16-5.

Leofward.

140

4-EDPER- D REX.

t-PVLFPlNE

ON EOL-AE
Wt.
17-2.

Wulfwine.

Tii}H

vii.

141

i<EDPEA- D REX-

4^BRIHTRIC ON

Brilitric.

EOLECE:
Wt.
142
15-2.

4EDPER D RD
imting
.K-lis.

RViir. Svi ptre teriniin

llcurj

^BRVNNEcoE ON

EOLEC
Wt. 210.

(cf.

Brminesc Brunlivse).

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Obverse.

351
Moneyer.

Reverse.

143

'i'EDPER D

REX

't'DEORMAN ON

Deorman.
20-0.

COLECE
Wt.

H4

i-EDPER D

REX

i^LEOFPORD ON

Loofword.
lG-7.

COLEEE
Wt.

H5
14G

^EDPER

D REX

^STANM/ER ON EOLWt.
21)0.

Stanmair.

-I^EDPE: D

REX

}"PVLFPINE

ON EOLECT
Wt.
19-8.

Wulfwinc.

Time 'yp

ix.

H7

EADPARD EX ANSOL

4^PVLFPINE

ON COLEEET:
Wt.
20-7.

Wulfwine.

Type
148

xi.

>J-EADPARD RD RE

"i^LODPINE

ON EOLEEE:
Wt.
21-3.

Godwine.

14!)

^EADPAR RD RE

'

-i-LOLDMAN ON

Goldman.

EOLEEE
Wt. 2 10.

Typ,- XV.

150

I-EADPARD REX
\V\.

I^PVLFPINE
XXIII.

ON EOLEEE
Wt.
Vd-^).

Wulfwinc.

5.]

CRECGELADE, CROCGELADE,
[Cricklaac.]

Etc.

Type
151

V.

^EDPE-.- -RD REX

[PI.

h/EILPINF ON

vEihvinc
(..Egtlwinc).

ERECELS
Wt.
2G-5.

XXIII.

G.]

Typi'. vii.

152

l-EDPER D REX-

J'/EIELPINE

ON EREE
Wt.
I'JG.

..E'Tclwiue.

'

;{r/2

ENGLAND.
Oltvrrno.

No.

Rcverno.

Mcmeycr.

153

+EDPAR- D REX
[PI.

frLEOFRED
XXIII. 7]

ON CROC:
Wt. 207.

Leofred.

15

EADPARD REX AN6L-

Hh/EGELPI

ON
Wt.
iy-6.

iEgcIwi[nc].

EREEIIELADIf).'!

EDPARD REX ASORVM

'

I-LEOFRED ON

Loofrttl

CREECA
Wt. 2 18.

Type
15G

xi.

+EADPAR RD RE

I'LIOFRED ON

CRECEL
Wt.
20-t3.

Liofrod (Leofred).

Type
151

xiv.

EADPARD REX
[PI.

tLEOFRED ON ERECLA
Wt. 200.

Leofred.

XXIII.

8.]

Type XV.
15S

EADPARD REX

^LEOFRED ON
ERECLA
Wt.
l'J-8.

Leofred.

DEORABY.
[Dell. v.]

Type
15'J

ii.

HhEDPE RD R
I

t'FROU ON DEOR
I

Wt.

lG-9.

Fruii (Froiuu).

Tyite

iii.

100

tEDPER D

REX-.[ri.

^"SPATIC
;).]

ON DERBII:
Wt.
18-0,

Swatic

XXIII.

V'//y<t'

V.

IGl

tEDPE: -RD REX.

^FROME ON DEORBE
Wt.
2t-7.

Fro.uc

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Obverse.

353
Mouoyer.

162

i^EDPE

RD REX

^LEDFPINE ON DEOR:
Wt.
22-2.
\

Leofwiue.

1G3

i'-EDPE: -RD

REX
[ri.

i^^SPERTINEON
10.]

DE0RB
Wt. 277.

Swertinc,

XXIII.

Type
1G4

vii.

i-EDPE

RD RE
R

"i'FROME ON DOREBI
(Broken.)

Frome.

16?

^EDPE RD

iSPRTINC ON

D0RB
Wt. 2 10.

Swertinc.

Type
166

xi.

tEADPAR RD RE

i'FROMA ON DORWt.
22-0.

Froma.

[PL XXIII.

11.]

Type
167

xiii.

EADPARD REX-

.^EOLBIN ON DREB
Wt.
17-9.

Colbin.

DOFERAN

OR

DOFEREN.

[Dover.]

Type
168

i.

^EDPER- DREX:-

"i^.BOLA

ONNDOFRAN:
Wt.
18-5.

Boa.

Type
169

ii.

fEDPA RD

R.
I
I

^CINSTAN ONDOF
Wt.
12.]
18-2.

Cinstan.

[PI.

XXIII.

170

tEDR RD RE
Type

1-PIN3-.-TAN

ON DOFR
Wt. 120.

Winstan.

iii.

171

iEDPA RD REX:
[PI.

tElNSTAN ON DOIRI
Wt. 17
13.]
3.

Cinatau.

XXIII.

172

HhEDPNR D RE

'I'ETSILE

ON

DOFRR-.Wt. lUG.

Etsif^c

(Eadsige).
2 A

ojl
Obvrrno.

ENGLAND.
Reverse.

Moneycr.

No.

Type
173

V.

^'EDDA RD REX
4EDP: RD REX
:

^EINSTAN ON DOF:
^Vt. 2G-8.

Cinetan.

171

i^CNwTAN ON DOFER
AVt. 170.

Type
175

vii.

4EDPR- D REX A

^EILPI

ON DOFCREN
(Urokou.)

Cilwi

(=

Ccolwi).

17G

*EDPER D REX
i-EDPER- D
V<tr.

^^CNcoTA-fi

ON DOFER
^\'t.

Cinstan.

19-4.

177

PEX

't'ENSTAN

N DOFER
Wt.
17-4.

Sfcptrc tormiimting in flonr-

(le-lin.

178

D REX
Vur. Sceptre tcrmiiiatiiig

Wt.

18-6.

in

fleur-

de-lis.

179

.,

RE-

^CNcoTAN

ON
DOFEREWt.
19-2.

180

.iEDPER D
i'EDPR- D

REX
REX
1-DODPINE

DOFERER
^^'t.

200.

ISl

ON DOFER:
"\Vt.

Godwine.

VJl.

182

tEDPE-.- D

REX

DOFERE
AVt. 19-6.

Tijjit

i.\.

183

EADPADD RX AH6-

^EILPI

ON DOFERENN
^\^t.

Cilwi

19-8.

(=Ceolwi).
Cinstan.

184

EADPERD RAX ANDORV

I

>I<EN/-jTAN

N DOFERE
AVt. 20-5.

185

EADPEARD REX AN6LO

I

t'SODPINE

ON DOFER
Wt. 21
0.

Godwino.

Type
IM-,
:

xi.

^EADPAR- RD RE

J'EILPI

ON DOFERE
Wt.
20-4.

Cihvi
(

= Ctc.l\vi).

EDWARD THE CONFESSOE.

Reverse.

355
Moneyer.

187

EADPARD AN6L
I

>i'6DPINE:

N DFER:
Wt.
20-3.

Godwine.

Type
188

xiii.

^EADPARD RE

4-ClNwTAN ON DOPE
Wt.
15-7.

Cinstan.

189

^EADPARD

RE-

AN

^MANPINE ON DOFRWt
180.

Manwine.

190
(Broken.)
191

EADDARD PEX
[PI.

^PVL-FPVRD ON DO
Wt. IGG.

Wulfward.

XXIII.

14.]

Type XV.
192

EADPARD REX

i-EEOLPI

ON DOFERE
Wt. 200.

Ccoiwi
(cf.

Cilwi).

193

^MANPINE ON DOFER:
Wt.
IS-G.

Manwine.

DORCEASTRE.
[Dorchester.]

TyjK
191

ii.

4^EDPE" RD RE
I

t'PVLSTAH

01/1

DOR

Wulstan.

Var. PtUct in fuld. Wt. 170.

Type
195

iv.

't'EHREDR D RE

-fBIAEAMAN DOR
Wt.
lG-5.

Blacaman.

Type
I'M

V.

I'EDPE:

RD REX
[Fl.

f-HPATEMAN ON

Hwatcman.
25-6.

DORE
Wt.

XXIV.

1.]

Type
197

xi.

"i-EADPAR RD RE

^BLAREMAN

Or<DOR
Wt. 201.

Bliirciuiin (=:

Bhicuiuau 2 A 2

?j.

356
No.
ObvcriM'.

ENGLAND.
He verse.
Moncyer.

Type
1D8

xiii.

:EADPARD REX:

^BLACAMON ON DO
A\
t.

Blacaman.

17'0.

iia

EADRARD REX AN

^BLAREMAN NDORC
Var.

Two

crosses

Blareman(= Blacaman ?).

ealtire in field. AVt. lG-4.

[PI.

XXIV.

2.]

DYRHAM

OR

DEORHAM.*

[Dereham.]

Type
200

ii.

^/EDA RD R
[I'l.

PVLLAR O DYRWt.
11-2.
3.]

Wulgar
(Wulfgar).

XXIV.

201

"

Wt.

9-2.

202

4.EDPE RD

R-.-

"wt.

10-4.

EADMUNDSBYRIG.
[St.

Edmundsbury.]

Type
203

V.

4<EDPER D REEX:

^MOREEREE ON EDMVN
"Wt.

Morcere.

250.

Type
201

xi.

4<EADPARD RD RE

i^MORCRE ON

Morcere.
AVt. 19-5.

EADMVN

Type
205

xiii.

EADPARD REX-

^MARCERE ON EAD
Wt.
17-G.

Marcere
(Morcere).

Sec Introduction.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

357

3:>8

ENGLAND.
Obvcnw.
Reverao.

No.

Moneyer.
Lifinc.

21H

HHEDPER- D REIV(ir. Sr('|itro torini-

tLIFINC
/!

ON EXECESTR
W't.

200.

iiiiling
(lu-lis.

in

ur-

211)

^EDPER D REX-

^co/EPINE ON EXECEco
Wt.
18-4.

Sfcwine.

220

^PVLMER ON EEXECE'
\Vt. 20-6.

Wulrnrer.

221

PEDPER- D REX
Viir. Sccjitro

tcrmilleur-

EXECEE
Wt.
20-8.

niiting

in

du

lis.

Type
222

ix.

EADPARD REX AN6L0V

'I'/el-fril:

ohh
EX-EC-.Wt. 20-2.

zElfric.

223

^/ELFRIG 0N EXECES
AVt. 20 0.

224

AI/I6L0R

I^LIF-H-IC

OHH
EXECES:
Wt. 20G.

Lifinc.

225

AH6L-

iPVLN/ER

OHH EXC:
Wt.
20-4.

Wulmjer.

Type
220

xi.

^EADPAR RD RE

Hh/ELFRIC

ON EXECEco
Wt.
18-7.

^Ifric.

227

I<EADPARD RD RE

J</EL-FRIC

ON
EXECEcoT
Wt. 22-4.

228

4EADPAR RD RE A

4-/EL-FRIC

ON EXECEWTE:
AVt. 20-0.

220

J-EADPAR

RD RE

'^LIFINC

ON EXECE03T
Wt.
20-0.

Lifing.

2: to

^PICINC ON EXECEcoT:
Wt.
[PI.
21-3.

Wicing.

XXIV.

4.1

231

REI

I<PVLM/ER

ON
EXECEcoT
Wt. 200.

Wulmajr.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Obverse.

359
Moneycr.

Type
232

xiii.

eadpard re:
rex:-

^EADPARD N

E
18-0.

Eadward.

Wt.
233

^LIFING ON EXECE
Wt.
lG-0.

Lifing.

Type
234

XV.

eadpard rex:
REX-

^SIEPINE ON EXEEE
Wt.
21-(j.

Sa3wiue.

235

I'PVLFPINE
A

ON

EI<EEE Wt. 18-4.

Wulfwine.

236

REX

Wt.

19-0.

EOFERPIC.
[York.]

Ttjpe

i.

237

^DPA

REX A

"tOONNlNE

ON EOFE:
Wt. 160.

OTiinne
(0iii).

Type
238

i.

var. a.

EDP/R D RE>^ A
>i-EDP/R P RE-4- A

^/ELFPINE ON EOFER
Wt.
16-6.

iElfwine.

239

i^ARBETEL

Arbetel

(=

Wt.
240

16-2.

Arncetel?).

^EDP:

P RE-i*:

"I^TfRNCETEL-

ON
Wt.
15-7.

Arncetel.

EOFERPIC
241

i^FDDER D

RE^i-

A
(Tl.

^ARNcexeiXXIV.
5.]

Wt.

1;V7.

242

IDPER P

REX A

PARNDRIN ON EOF
Wt.
16-5.

Arngrim.

243

^PPE

REX A
RE"!^ A

^ELEPINE ON EOFEPI
Wt.
16-3.

Elewine.

244

t-EDPER D

I^IOL-ANA

OH EOFERWt,
1

lolaua.

5 7.

3GU

ENOLANU.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

361

3G2
No.

ENGLAND.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

363

304

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

365

'MU't

ENOLANP.
Obvcrae.
licvcrae.

No.

Moneycr.

7';//>''

ix.

314

EADVEARDVS REX AN
EDFAD RX ANGORA-

HHARMGRIM ON E0FRWt.
14-5.

Amgrim.

Mr>

>i<ARNGRIM

ON EOFRWt. 22-5.

310

EADPARD REX ANSORV ^lOLA

Ol/I

EOFERWt. 22
0.

lola.

317

EADPARD REX AUSLREX ANS-

I^SCVLA

ON EOFRPIC
Wt.
21-5.

Scula.

318

"tSMEAEVRH OH EOFE
Wt. 2 10.

Sneaburn
(Sna;lx)rii).

Type
349

ix.

var. a.

EDPARD

X ACLORO-

^lOKETEL ON EOFE
Wt.
20-4.

loketel
(locetol).

350

EDPR RX ANGLOP

^OOCRIM ON EFRPI
Wt.
21-0.

0?.grim.

3r)l

EDPAD X AN[6L]0RARX ANGLOR

I'VLFCETL
-J^VLFCIL

ON EOFRP
Wt.
21-7.

Ulfcetel.

352

ON EOFRPICWt.
20-5.

Ulfcil (Ulfcetel).
porr.

353

EDPAD RX ANGLOR
[PI.

i^DORR

ONN EOFRPC
Wt.
19-7.

XXIV.

10.]

354

EADPARD REX AMGLEDPAD RX ANGLOR

ON EOFERPIC
Wt.
20-7.

355

ON EOFRPICC
Wt.
20-7.

Type
356

xi.

*EADPAR RD RE

^ODGRIM ON EOFI
Wt.
19-2.

Ocf'grim.

Type
357

xi.

var. a.

'^EDPARD REX

tARCETL ON EOFRP
Wt.
20-2.

Amcetel.

358

^EDPAER- D

4ARNCTEL ON EOFR
Wt.
19-0.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

367

M)S

ENGLAND.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOE.

No.
Obverse.
Reverse.

369
Moneyer.

396

i^EADPARD REX A

I^SNEBORN ON EOFR
Wt. 15
9.

397

^EDPARDE REX
^EADPARD

I-SPARTEOL

ON EOF
Wt.
16-3.

Swartcol,

398

RE"!* A-

EOFR
0.

Wt. 14
399

REX
EADPARD REX A

iSPRTCOL
I-VLFCIL

ONEOFR
Wt.
17-6.

400

ON EOFERWt. 12
0.

Ulfcil
(Ulfcetel).
Ulfcetel.

101

/EADPARD REX

Al-

I'VLFCTEL ON EOFR
Wt.
15-5.

402

iEADPARD REH>I<
Wt.
18-6.

403

REX
EADPARD RE^
A-

tOORR ON EOFRWt.
18-0.

porr.

404

EOFERP
Wt.
18-6.

405

/EADPARD REX AN

EOFRP
Wt.
17-5.

Type
406

XV. rar. a.

EADPARD REX
REX REX

i-ALEIF

ON EOFRPICE
Wt.
19-6.

Aleof.

407

i-ALEOF

ON EOFERP
Wt.
20-9.

408

^EARCIL ON EOFERP:
Wt. 206.

Earcil.

409

Wt.
410
[PI.

22-5.

EOFRPIC
Wt.
20-8.

XXIV.

13.]

411

^lOECETEL ON EOFE
Wt.
20-7.

locetel.

412
Wt. 413
VOL.
221^.

^^OVOBEARN ON EO
Wt.
21-4.
I

Ou^bearn, 0born, &c.

2
11

370

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

371

;i7ii

ENULAM*.
Reverse.

No.

Obvorae.

Moncycr.

Typ'
i:j7

ii.

4<EDPE RD RER--

4^BVNINE ON DIP
^Vt. 17-7.

Bruninc.

AliS

..

^EDPI ON LIPESI
\vt. 1:5:;.

I'M wife].

439

,.

RE

4.P.VL-SIE

ON

LIP
AVt. 17i{.

Wulsio.

Typr
410

V.

^.EDPE -RD REX:

[PI.

"I-LIFIE
1.]

0N06IPESPIIC
AVt.

Lific
(liiUnc).

270.

XXV.
xi.

Tui"
441

iEADPARD RD RE

^'BRVMAN

ONCIPEcoPI
Wt.
20-7.

Brnman.

Type
442

xiii.

EDPARD RX
EADPARD
RE-.

l^/ELFPINE ON 6IPPE
Wt. 160.

^Ifwiiie.

413

-I-BRIHTRIE-

ON 6IPP
Wt. 15
6.

Brilitric.

444

EADPARD REX

^BRINTRIC ON 6IPE
Var.

Crescent

in
0.

field.

Wt. 15
445

EADPARD RX

^BRVM ON- 6IPPES

ii^BRVNlNC

Brum(au).
Bruninc.

440

EAD>ARD

RE-

ON 6IPPE
Wt. IGO.

lG-3.

447

^LEOF>OLD-

Leofwold.

Wt.

Type XV.
448

EADPARD REX
EAPARD REX E^

J'lELFPINE

ON 6IPP
Wt.
20-9.
J)
!1

-Elfwine.

449

'

>>

Wt.

18-9.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

Obverse.

373

Reverse.

Monever.

GLEPECEASTER.
[Gloucester.]

Type
450

i.

I^EDPE

RD REX

J'PVL-FPERD ON LLEP
I

"Wulfwerd.

Wt.

17-2.

Type
451

ii.

^EDPE RD RE
^EDPARD-.-

^LEOFNOO ON CLE
Wt. 170.

Leofno(5.

452

^pvLPiL on
Wt.
14-0.

Wulwig.

Type
453

V.

^EDP RD RE
IEDPE: -RD REX
,

I</EIELRIE

ON 6LEPE
Wt. 17
4.

iEgclric.

454

^EAPVLF ON 6LEPECE:
Wt. 24
4.

Eawulf.

'

455

IEDPE -RD

REX
I

^LEOFN ON LLEAEE
Wt.
16-9.

Leofn.

Type
456

vii.

l^EDPA-

RD RE

Hh/EILRIC

ON
6L-EPEC:
Wt.
20-7.

^Iric
(iEgelric).

457

I^EDPAR- D REX

^/ELESIIE ON 6LEPEE
Wt. 200.

^Ifsiie
(of.

^lf.sige).

458

fEDPA- RD REI^EDPE D REVar. Pellet boliina

bust.

J-GODRIE ON 6LEPE:
Wt.
21-3.

Godric.

459

^IVLFERD O CLEP:
Wt.
21-0.

lulfcTTi.

4G0

(Donhh'

ffnicli.)

^PVLFCET ON ELEPE;
Wt.
20-2.

Wulfgct

Type
4G1

ix.

EADVVEARDVS REX AN6L

I

J'SODPINE ON

Godwinc
Wt.
lG-3.

6LEPECST

374

i:n(jland.

No.

ObveiM.

Reverse.

Moneycr.

4G2

EADYRD REX
[ANJQLORX

4-LEOFSTAH ON GLEP
Mf.
18-8.

LcofHtan.

403

EADPEARD REX AN-

^SELCPINE ON 6LEPEC
Wt.
19-7.

Selcwino.

40 (

EADPEARD REX
AN6L0-

4^8ILAC

ON LLEPL
Wt.
20-0.

Silac.

Tiipr xi.
40.")

HhEADPAR RD RE

[I-BRIHTNONO ONILEP:, Brihtno*?

(Pierced.)
!

40(3

JEOPARD- RD RE

^GVOLFPINE ON CLEPC:
Wt. 200.

Guolfwine.

407

l-EADPAR RD RE

i-LIOFPINE ON

Liofwine.
20-2.

LLEPECE
Wt.
408

iEADP

RD RE
[PI.

J^PVLFPARD

Wulfward.
Wt.
20-6.

OISCLEPEEE

XXV.

2.]

Type
409

xiii.
I

EADPARD RE-

"^SILAC-

ON 6LE>E
Wt.
17-0.

Silac.

Type XV.
470

EADPARD RE
I

-^SILAC ON 6LE>E
Wt.
18-4.

Silac.

GRANTEBRYCGE.
[Cambridge]

Type
471

ii.

-^EDPE RD RE

t'ETSTAN

ON CRA
Wt.
18-0.

Et8tan
(Edstan).

Type
472

iii.

fEDPER D REX

.^/ELFPINE

ONE

Of^R8.

.Elfwine.

Wt. 10

EUWAKD THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Obverse.

375
Moneyer.

Reverse.

Type
473

V.

^EDPER-

-D REEX: (Double struck.)

^ELFPIIVON CRA-NTEWt.
26-6.

Elfwine.

474

^EDPE: -RD REX:

^COTSVNV ON CR7XNTE
Wt. 2<J7

Gotsunu.

Typp.

vii.

475

"I-EDPER D

REX
[PI.

.fCODPINE ON GRANT
Wt.
3.]

God wine.

18-3.

XXV.
ix.

Type
476

EADPARD REX AUCLO ^/ELFPID EADPRD REX ANCOR

I/IUI

LRA
20-6.

MUvfig.

Wt.
477

^tODPINE ON GRANT:
Wt.
20-3,

Godwiue.

Type
478

xi.

^EDPAR- RD REX

i^EADTERD ONIRAN
Wt.
19-8.

Eadwerd.

Type
479

xiii.

EADPARD REX AD
RE:

^SODLAMB

ONCRA

Godlamb.

AVt. lG-2.

480

tS^ECOL ON 6RANIV
AVt. 160.

Sfccol.

481

REX

pPIBEARN OrCRA
Wt.
15-2.

Wibearu.

GULDEFORDA

ou

GILDEFORDA.

[Guildford.]

Type
482

ii.

^EDP RD

RI

^ELFPINE ON 6V.
AVt. 10-9.

Elfwiuc.

Type
483

V.

*EDPA RD RE:
^EDPE-.- RD RE

^BLACEMAN ON 6YL
Wt. 18
0.

Blaceman.

484

^BLAEEMAN ON DVL
Wt. IGO.

.';7(;

KNia.ANI).

No.

Obrene.

Rerene.

Moneycr.

Type
isr.

vii.

4<EDPNR D REXI
'

^BLACMAN ON LVLD;
wt.
\'r.^.

iJlacniiui

(lilacenian).

J St;

i^BLACMAN ON LVLD
AVt. 20-3.

Type
187

ix.

EADVVERDVS REX AN6LO

^BLACEMAN ON

6IL

Blaceman.

AVt. 21-0.

488

6YLDE0K
Wt.
19-9.

Type
489

xi.

I-EADPA-

RD RE

t'/ELFRIC:

ON 6LLDEF0R
Wt.
lU-4.

^Ifric,

490

i-EADPAR- RD RE
Wt.'201.
[PI.

XXV.

4.]

491

I-EADPAR-

RD RE

t'BLAEEMAN ON 6LDE
Wt. 19-5

Blaceman.

Type
492

xiii.

EADPARD REX:
^

I/ELFRIC-

ON 6ILDE
AVt. lG-7.

..Elfric.

493

REX AN

,oi3ajiD NO omqjj\^
I

Wt. 140.

H/ESTINGA

OH

HESTINGPORT.

[Hastings.]

Type
494

ii.

tEDPAR D RE

^BRID ON H/ESTI
Wt.
17-5.

(cf.

Brid Braud).

Type
495

iii.

EDPNDR

DEX

"
I

^'BRID

ON HESTST:
Wt.
24-3.

Brid.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

377

37.S

ENGLAND.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

379

]Moneyer.

HAMTUNE.
[Southampton.]

Type
523

i.

^EDPERER D REX

7^

I'LEOFPINE ON HTXMTV
(ricrced.)

Leofwine.

Type

iii.

"t'EDPE: -RD

REX

^/EL-FPINE ON

HAM
17-4.

^Ifwine.

Wt.
I

Type
525

vii.

^EDPAR D REX

,I<LE0FR1C

ON HAMTV
Wt.
21-0.

Leofric.

Type
52G

vii.

var. a.

EDPE RD RE
Var. S(^eptrc terminating in three
pellets.

^/ELFPINE ON HA
Wt. 21
0.

.^ If wine.

Type
527
|

ix.

EADPARD REX ANGLO ^PVLNOO ON HAM:

I

Wt.
<i'PWL\AO>

20-3.

WulnolS (Wulfno).

52S

AU6L"
Tijpi'

OMU HAM/
Wt.
21-2.

xi.

529

^EADPARD RD RE

^co/EPINE ON

HAMTV
Wt.
22-2.

Type
530

xi.
|

var.

b.

.^EADPAR RD RE
[PL

t-PVLFNOD ON HAMTV
AVt. 19-.]

Wulfno.

XXV.

HEORTFORD.
[Hertford.]

Type
531

i.

J^EDPNRD: REC-

i'DEORSICE

ON lEON^
Wt.
14-6.

Deorsisre.

Hortfonl?

380
No.

ENGLAND.
Obreno.
Reverse.

Moneycr.

Type
:>:j2

iii.

^edpa rd r-e
HhEDPE-.-

I^/ELFPINE ON HERTF
I

iElfwinc.

Wt.

11-0.

533

RD REX
RER--}-:

^CODMAN ON HEOR
Wt. 160.

Godman.

534

^EDPNE

tCODPINE ON
tCOLDPINE ON

HIR-.-

God wine.
Goldwine.

Wt.
535

14-5.

J-EDPND D RE
Var. Sceptre terminating in fleurtle-lig.

HEOR
13-7.

Wt.

53t)

^EDPE- RD RE

tR/EDVL-F

ON HER"
Wt.
16-2.

Escdulf.

Farthing.
537
.

P.EI

^
vii.

HIR.
Wt. 40.

Type
538

J^EDPER D

REX

.^PILTRKD ON HEORT: Wiltrand

Wt.
17-2.

(po8. Wilfrid).

Type
539

xi.

4'EADPAP RD RE

tco/EM/ER:

ON HERTFO
Wt. 19o.

SsemsBr.

Type
540

xiii.
I

var.

b.

EADPARD RE[PI.

^PIL/ESRIP7.]

ON HEORI
Wt.
17-2.

WiL-cgrip or Wilgrip.

XXV.

541

^pildirp on HIRT
Wt.
15-6.

HEREFORD.
[Hereford.]

Type
542

ii.

^EDPE RD RE

'I'ERndii

on here
Wt.
17-4.

Earnwi.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

01)vcrse.

381

Moneyer.

Type
543

iii.

J^EDPE: -RD REX-

^EIEL-RIC ON HERE
Wt. 167.

.^eWc.

Type
544

vii.

^EDPRD-

-D REXVar. Sceptre terminating in fleurde-lis.

}PVLFPIHE

OH hER
Wt.
21-4.

Wulfwine.

Type
545

vii.

var.

b.

J^EDPE R-D R-EX

Var. Sce^jtre terminating in three
pellets.

i^ERNPI

ON hEREWt.
20-6.

Earnwi.

[PI.

XXV.
ix.

8.]

Type
546

EADPEARD REX AN6L

^LEFENOO ON HEREFO
Wt. 21
G.

Lcfeno^.

Type
547

xi.

EADPERD REX
Inscription Var. behind begins
bust.

i-/ELFPI

ON

HEREFOR
Wt. 197.

^lfwi(g).

548

t'EADPARD RD RE

"I'EA'^PI:

ON

Earnwi.

HEREFOdE
Wt.
20-.3.

549

^EADPARD RD RE
I) >> >>

t-EARNPI

ON HERE
Wt.
19-0.

550

HEREFO
Wt.
20-4.

551

^EADPAR RD RE
I-EADPAR- RD RE
[PI.

^ELRIE: ON HL-RELOE
Wt. 19 8

EIric
(of. iElric).

552

'I'LIOFENOD ON

Liofno8.
20-0.

HEREFO
Wt.

XXV.

9.]

TyjH

xiii.

553

EADPARD REI

^/ELFOI ON

HERE
Wt.
ItJ 9.

.Elf\vi(g).

382
Ni..

ENCiLANI),

Obvcmo.

Ilcvcrc.

Moncycr.

HORNINDUNA.
[IlornJon.j

T;/pi- ix.

TmI

^EADVVRD rax

HhDVDINC ON

DuJiuc.
\Vt. VJ'J.

AN60RV:
[IM.

HORNIDVNE:
10]

XXV.

HUNTENDUNE.
[UuntingJon.]
Tyjye
i.

555

i^EDPA

RD REX

'i'PVLFP'lL

ON HVNT:
"\Vt.

Wulfwig.
,

IG

7.

Type
556

ii.

4EDPE RD REX
4EDPA- D RE

^/ELFPINE ON HV
\Vt.

^Ifwine.

171.
UlfcL-tcl.

557

4<VLFCTL ON HVNT
Wt.
9-7.

Farthing.
558

PE

*
iii.

HV
Wt.
4-2.

Type
559

tEDPERD REX

T\

^/EL-FPINE ON HVNTE
Var. Pellet iu two angles of cross. Wt. 17 2.

^Ifwine.

Type
560
i<E)PA

iv.

RD REX

iP.V.LFPINE

O HVN
AVt. lG-2.

Wulfwiue.

Type
561

V.

4<EDPER: D REX:
I

h/ELFPINE ON

HVNTEN:
Wt.
25-4.

^Elfwine.

562

}<LODRIC

ON HVNTEN
Wt.
25-4.

Godric.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

383

nftl

ENULAM).

No.

KDWAUD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

38.3

386

ENGLAND.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Obverse.

387

Moiieycr.

LEHERCEASTER.
[Leicester.]

Type
610

i.

^EPDER D REX

^PVLFRIC ON LEHRWt.
17").

Wulfric

Type

ii.

GU

I-EDFE RD RE

>CODRIE Or^6HER
I

(iodric.

Wt. IS -2.

Type
612

V.

^IDRIPA

Rl

i^EDPNE ON
LE:RIEDII
AVt.

Edwine.
210.

Type
G13

vii.

EDPA RD RE
Var. Sceptre
natiiig
dc-lis.
teriiii

"I-CLLDEPINE
in flcur

ON LEH
Wt.

(iildowiuc.
:

18-6.

614

^EDPER D REX
Var. Sceptre termi-

4<C0DRIC ON LEHERWt.
21-3.

Ciodric,

nating in
de-lis.

fleur-

[PI.

XXV

I.

1.]

615

^E[D]PEI D RE
HhEDPARD- REX-.V(ir. Scei)trc
I

I'PV^EINNOO ON LEH
(Broken.)

WulcnnoS
WiilnaS (Wulfuo?).
or

616

^[PV]L-EN0ID ON LE
Wt.
18'5.

termifleuri

Dating in
de-li.s.

617

}<EDPAR D

RE
1

"i-PVLNAO

ON LE6R
Wt. 2 10.

Var. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleurde-lis.

Type
618

ix.
..l^gelric.

EADPARD REX AH6L0 ^/EGELRIC OH LEH

Wt.
20-1.

619
Wt. 21

888
No.

ENGLAND.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

Xo.

389

390
No.

ENGLAND.
Obvene.
Reverse.

Moneyer.

7'i/))c vii.

v/r. h.

(.15

t-NDC RAIX
Vur. Scci.tro ttrmiiiutiiip

i-COLBRAND ON
in

LEI
'J.

Colbrand.

Wt. 20

llcurPI.

(Ic-Hb.

XXVI.
7'j/pe ix.

.l.]

VAC,

EADPAR RX AN6L0

^/ELFSIC
]'(().

OI/IH

LEICE
nil
'

iElfsig.

AliIlulct.S

the limbs of cross.

Wt.
CAl

20-3.

EADPRD REX AN6L0

[ri.

^BR-YNNIE ON LEG:
AVt. li)-2.
4.]
j

Bninninc.

XXVI.

r.js

EADPARD REX AH6L0 ^BRYHl/IIC ON[N]

LEIC-.I

AVt. 21-0.

'

049

AUG-

I<E0LBRAND
^DVNNJISC

Ol/I

LEI

Colbrand.

(Pierced.)

GjO

EADPRD RX AN60R

ON LE6EEES
AVt. IS-G.

Dunninc.

c.-.i

EADPARD REX AUGLO 4^C0DRIE ON LECA

Wt. 21 -C.

Godric.

AH6L-

I'LEOFHOD ON LEIC
Wt.
19-6.

Leofno.

ti.-.3

'I'SPEARTCOL

OH
Wt.

LEI.
20-5.

Sweartcol.

Ti/pi xi.

(Ml

i-EADPARD RD RE

>^/ELFcfi|

ON LELEEEco
Wt.
20-6.

^Ifsig?

G55

^EADPAR RD RE
I

^BRVNINC ON LELEEC Brimin?

Wt. 19
5.]
0.

[I'l.

XXVL
I '

(Bruninc).

cm
C"7

4EADPAR-

't'DVNIISC

ON LECECE
Wt.
20(3.

Duning
(Duninc).
IIuscarL

^EADPAR

..

^HVOJCALR ON_EGEEC
Wt.
lG-0.

tM8

t'EADPAR-

..

I'LIOFENOP
I

ON LECECC:
Wt
I'JO.

LiofnoX

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

391

:{:'_

ENdLA.NK.

No.

ObverM.

(571

07-2

G7:J

(-.74

C7.')

C7G

C77

C78

079

G80

C8l

(;s2

C83

C84

cs.->

CSG

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

393

304
No.

ENGLAND.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Obverse.
Reverse.

395
Moneyer.

Tijpc ix.

717

EADPAP RX AN6L0REDPAR- DX AN60

"^ELFNOO ON LINIO
\\i.

Eifno.

200.
Godric.

718

^QODRIC ON LINEO
Wt.
20-5.

719

EADPARD REX AUSEADPAD REX ANGLO

,

MVIANNA
Wt. 190.

Manna.

720

^ODLRIM OH LINEO
Wt. 200.

0<5grim.

721

EDPARD

X.

ANGLO-

^PVLBEREN ON

LIN
18-5.

Wulbcom.

Wt.
722

EADPARD X

I-PVLFRIE ON LINEO
Wt.
21-2.

Wultric.

Type
723

X.

EDPAD X ANGLOR[PI.

I'ELFNOO ON LINE
Wt.
8.]

Elfno.

20-4.

XXVI.

Type
724

xi.

JEOPARD REX
i

^AVTI ON LINEOLNN
Wt.
22-3.

Auti?

725

^ETXDPAR D RE4.EDPAR- D RE:

't'EADPAR RD RE

I^ELFNOD OH LINEO
Wt.
2U-8.

ElfnoS.

72G

i^CIFE

ON LINEOLL
Wt. 170.

Gifc.

727

^LODRE ON LINEOLWt.
20-3.

Godric.

728

^'EDPARD
i-EADPAR-

REI-

iODQRIM

ON

LirCO
Wt.
20-8.

OSgrim.

729

RD RE

^OOc/^L-AE

ON LINEO
(15n)kiii.)

OSslac (OMac).
Ulf.

730

4^EADPAR RD RE

*VLF ON LINEOLNE
Wt. 22
0.

731

H[<PVLBEORN NLINEOL- Wulbcom.

WL
Wt

21o,

7:;2

2 10.

:v.n\

KNOLANIt.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Obverse.
Reverse.

397
Moneyer.

LUNDENE.
[Loiulon.]

Type

i.

746

*EDPE: RD REX:

i^/ELFRED

ON LVNDE
Wt. 10
0.

Alfred.

747

tEDPER

D REX

7\

i</ELFPERD

^Ifwerd.

Wt.
748

lG-7.

i^EDPNRD D REE
i^EDPER D REX.-.

'I'BRIHTM/ER

ON LVD
Wt.
12-5.

Brihtmser.

749

^DVDINC ONN LVN

Wt.
15-0.

Dudinc.

750

^EDPNR. REC.
^EDDE- RD REX:
1-EDPER- D

i<EADPOLD ON LVN
Wt.
lG-5.

Eadwold,

751

4^FDIII OIIN LVIIDE: Wt. 13-0.

Edin?

752

REX
-A-

I-ESTHER ON LVND:
Wt.
14-0.

Esther.

753

EDPA: REE:>^

i<SODESVNE ON LVD:
Wt.
15-U.

Godesunc.

754

^EDPNRD

REI:

^CODPINE ON LVD
Wt.
11-3.

Godwiue.

755

^EDPGR: D REX.
I 1

^CODPINE ON LVND:
Wt.
10.]
17-3.

[PI.

XXVI.

7oG

PEDPER- D
t.E[DPjER D

REX-.-

I'LEOFRED ONN LVND

Wt. 140.
!

Lcofred.

757

REX:

'^LEOFSTA[N] ON LVN
(Brokeu.)

Leofstan.

758

REX
REX-;-

I-LeOFSTAN ON LVND
Wt.
lG-6.

759

^EDPAR D

I-PVLFRED ON LVND
Wt.
14-9.

Wulfred.

7G0

i^VEDNRD: D RE

^PVLSILE ON LVDE
Wt.
12-G.

Wulaigo.

!!KS

ENOLANl).

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

399

loo

ENGLAND.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

401

402

ENGLAND.

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

So.

4U3
Moueyer.

Obverse.

I'everse.

Fahthing.

ON LV
Wt.
4-2.

Tyjw

iii.

iEDPE: R ERX-

"^/EEELPI

ON LVNDE
Wt.
lo-7.

^EDPNO: D ER"i-EDPNR D RE-

^/ECELPI ON LVNDE:
Wt. 15
t/ECL-PI.-.
5.

iEgclwig.

ON LVND
Wt.
11-3.

tEDPNER-.-

RD E
A

1/ECEL-PIC

ON LVND
Wt. 150.

^EDPN RD EX

'i'/ECiELPIC

ON LVND
Wt. 130.

"I-EDPHED: RD E

'i'/ELESISE

ON LVND:
(Chip2cd.)

^Ifsigo.

^EDPE

-D

REX

P/ELFCAR ON LVNDE
Wt. 14
0.

^Ifgar.

^EDPNR- RDE
'i'EDPE-- -RD

I'/ELFRED ON LVND
Wt.
14-2.

.Elfrcd.

REX

>^/ELFRED ON LVND-.Wt. 170.

't'/ELFPI:

i^EDPN: RD EX V

ON LVNDEWt. 13
0.

.Elfwig.

^EDP ERD RE
Var. Sceptre tcrminatiug iu Ikurdc-lid.

I</EL-FPIC

ON LVND
Wt. IG
0.

i-EDPE-: -RD

REX

^/ELFPINE ON LVNDE
Wt.
I(y3.

iElfwinc.

^EDPED-

-D

REX

t'ELFPINE ON LVND
Wt.
15-5.

^EDPIIR: D RE-

4-/ELFPN ON LVNDE:
Wt.
li-5.

iElfwino ?

^EDPN- RD EX A

i^ALRIC

ON LVNDE
Wt.
irvO.

Alric.

^EDPER RD

RE-

I-BRINTRED ON LVND
Wt.
13-2.

lirilitrod.

1)

404

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

405

40G

ENOLAND,

No.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

407

408
No.

ENGLAND.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

409

410
No.
Obv(>r(u>.

ENGLAND.
Rcvorso.

Moneyer.

0G(

4<EDPER D REX

^'BRVNLAR ON LVNDG
^vt. 21
1.

!)G5

+EDPER-

.,

HhEADPOLD ON LVND: EadwoM.

Wt.
19-2.

OCG

4^EADPE RD RE[X]

^EALDVLF ON LVNDENE
Wt.
16-2.

EaMulf.

or.7

^-EDPER- D REX

^EEPID ONN
-VNDENE:
Wt.
19-9.

Ecwig.

9G8

I^EDPE- D REX
V(ir.

^EDRED ON LVNDE:
Wt.
20-5.

EJrcd.

Sceptre terminating in fleur-

de-lis.

909

^EDPER D REX
REX

I<EDRIE

ONN LVNDENE:
Wt.
1-1-7.

Edric.

970

I^EDPER- D

i<EDPiNE

ON LVNDE:
Wt. 21-0.

EJwinc.

971

EADPE RD REX

i'ESTIVIVND

ON LVNE
Wt. 20
5.

Estmund.

972

^EAP ERDVttr.

tCLIFPINE

ON
LVNDE-.Wt.
16-7.

Glifwine.

Sceptre terminating in fleurde-lis.

973

i-EDPER- D
I

REX

^LODERE
XXVII.

Goderc.

or.

Sceptre termiuating in fleur[PI.

3.]

Wt. 207.

de-lis.

974
I'dr.

'I-CODMAN ON LVN
Sceptre terminating in fleur-

Godman.

Wt.

20-7.

de-lis.

975

I'GODMAN ON LVND:
Wt.
'201.

97G

tEDPE D R[EX]

i'CODRIC

ON LVNDENE:
Wt.
18-7.

Godric.

977

4EDPER- D REX
T'(ir.

iCODPINE

ON LVND
Wt.
21-5.

God wine.

Sceptre terminating in fliur-

di'-lia.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

411

412
Ohvene.

ENGLAND.
Rcvcnic.
MoD'-yer.

No.

091

4EADPE RD RE

HhPVLFPINE ON

Wulfwine.

LVNDENE
\Vt. I'J H.

992

REX

tPVLCAR: ON LVNDEN
^vt. rj-7.

Wiilgar.

Type
993

vii. rar. b.

tEADPE -^^RD REX-

l-^ETXDPOLD

OW

LVND:

Eadwold.

^Vt. 18-3.

Type
994

ix.

EADPARD REX A60RV ^/ECELPER OH

LVHD"\Vt.

.^gelwer
19-4.

(cf.

.ffigelwerd).

995

EADVVEARDV REX ANLLO

EADVVERDVS REX ANCLO

"1-/ELFRED

OH LVHD:
"SVt.

iElfrei

21-3.

996

^/ELFSICE ON

iElfsige.

LVNDEN
Wt.
21-3.

997

EADPEARD REX AN6L0R

EADPPRD RAX AN60RV
EADPA REX AN6L0
E7\DPE7\RD

^/ELFPERD ON LVND
Wt.
20-5.

iElfwerd.

998

i-ZELPERD

ON LVND:
Wt.
20-5.

999

^DEORMAN

Deorman.
(Broken.)

1000

REX AN6L0
i^DIREMAN

LVNDE:
Wt.
17-4.

1001

EADPPRD RAE:X

AN60R
1002

ON LVDENLDE
Wt.
18-7.

Direman.

EADPARD R^ AN6L0R ^EALDSAR ON LVNDE

Wt.
17-5.

Ealdgar.

1003

i-EADRPARD REX

ANLOT
1004

LVNDEI
Wt.
17-4.

EADP7\RD REX ANCLO ^EDPI ON LVNDENEN-.Wt. 2 10.

Edwig.

1005

EDPARD RE ANGLORVM
EADPA REX ANGLO-

*60DR1C ON LVND
Wt.

20-3.

Godric.

1006

LVNDE
Wt.
19-3.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Obverse.

413
Moneyer.

Reverse.

1007

EADPEARD REX ANGLO

ET^DPETXRD REX

i<GODRIC

ON LVNDEN
AVt. "20 -U.

1008

i^GODPINE

ON LVND
Wt.
20-3.

God wine.

ANGLO
1009

EAVVARD REX ANGLORV

i^GODPNE
i^LEFPINE

Wt. 210.

1010

EADPARD RX ANGLO-

ON

LVND-.
Wt.
18-4.

Lefwine
(Leufwine),
Lifinc or
Liolinc.

1011

EADPPEARD SEX ANGLO

E7\DP7^RD

^LIFIND: ON LVNDEEN-.Wt.
20-7.

1012

REX ANGLOE
AN6L

I-LIOFING

ON LVNDEN
Wt. 10
2.

1013

ET^DVVET^RDVS REX

i^OMYHD OVWA LVHD:

Wt.
21-3.

Omynd

(cf.

Oamuud).

1014

EADPPRD RIX ANGORV 'i'OMYND:

0:N

LVNDNED
Wt.
1015
21-0.

EAPPRD REX

iPVLFCAR

ON LVND
Wt.
21-2.

ANGLOVM
lOlG

Will fgar or Wulf'ar.

EADPEARD REX
ANGLGVC

J^PVLGAR
Wt.
i^P.VL-GA-R
21-1.

1017

EADPEA REX ANGLO

ON LVNDE
Wt.
iy-8.

1018

EADPEARD REX ANGLO

i^PVL-GAR
AVt. 17 7.

1019

EADPEARD REX ANGLO

EADPRD R^ ANGORV

tPVLGAR ON

LVNDENE
Wt. 171.

1020

'i'PVLFRED

ON LVND
AVt.

Wulfred.

221.

1021

EADPARD RX ANGLOR J^PLVFRED ON

LVNDE-.Wt.
18-4.

[TL XXYII.

4.]

1022

^DREDND PENDREDRE ^RVLFRIIX OH

EADPRD
R-J-

LVMHII
Wt.
Ls;!.

Wulfric.

1023

ANGO-

i^PVLFPINE

ON LVND
Wt.
I'JO.

Wulfwine.

414

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Obverse.

415
Moneyer.

Reverse.

1012

^EADPAR- RD RE
i^EADD
I-EADPAR

HhGODPlNE ON LVNDE
Wt.
15-.S.

1043

J-OMMVUD ON LVUDE
AVt. 17-8

Osmund.

104-i

^OrSMVND
Wt.
18-8.

1045

^EADPARD
"t-EADPARD

'I'PVLFCAR

ON LVND:
Wt.
18-0.

Wulfgar.

104G

i^PVLFCAR ON LVNDE
Wt.
-Iiyij.

1047

I-EDPERD :REEEX

'i'PVLFCER

ON LVNDEKE
Wt.
20-7.

Type
1048

xiii.

"tEADPARD REX A

i^/ELELPI

ON LVND
Wt. 17G.

.^irclwine.

1049

EADPARD
*r
>>

ANG
<

LVNDE
Wt.
17-3.

1050

>

^/EGLPI ON LVNDEN
Wt.
15-3.

1051

^/ESLPIN-

ON LVNDE
Wt. 12
3.
.li;

1052

EADPARD- REX
:

A:

^^/ELFFARD N
Wt.
15-4.

If ward.

1053

EADPARD REX A
A-.-

i^/EL-FDARD ON LVND
Wt. 14
8.

1054

EADPARD REX
EADPARD REX

^EADPINE ON LVND:
Wt. 17G.

Endwino or
Edwiue.

1055

ANC-.-

I-EDPINC ON LVND
Wt.
ItlO.

1056

EADFARD REX AG-

^EDFINE- ON LVNDEWt. KJG.

1057

EADPARD REX:
-EADPARD REX A

>IEDriNE-

O LVNDE
Wt. 17G.
Godric.

1058

^SODRIC ON LVND
Wt.
15-8.

1059

ANDL
I

i-WPETMAN N LVN

Swctman,

Wt. 17G.

\\r,

ENGLAND.
Obvorw.
Ucvornc.

No.

Moneyer.

lOOU

4.EADPARD REX

-A

i3PETMAN-

ON LVN
^Vt. 17-2.

lOGl

EADPARD REX A
EADPARD REX:

^PVLFGAR ON LVND
^Vt. 11-2.

Wulfgar.

10C2

"i^PVLGAR
Wt. 15
6.

10G3

REX A

"J-PVL6AR

ON LVNDE
Wt.
16-9.

Var. Four crescents in field.

10G4

^EADPARD REX AN:

^DVLFODI ON LVNDE
AVt. lS-0.

Wulfsige.

10C5

^EADRARD REX

A-

^DVLFDARD
5.]

ON.VISD Wt. 170.

Wulfward.

[n. XXYII.

1066

Wt. IGG.
1067

EADRARD REX A

OK.W
Wt.
15-2.

Halfpenny.
1068

RD REX A

...PINE

ON LV
Wt.
8-3.

Eadwine

Type XV.
1069

EADPARD REX A

^/ELFSI ON LVNDE::
Wt. 200.

.^Ifsige.

1070

EADRARD

i-SODRIC

ON LVND
Wt.
20-3.

Godric.

1071

EADPARD REX A

^rVLFFARD ON LVN
Wt.
19-5.
6.]

Wulfward.

[PL XXA'II.

1072

EADPARD

^PVL-SAR ON LVH
Wt.
20-4.

Wulgar.

Type XV.
1073

var.

h.

4<ERDR D AC
I
I

"i^wPETMAN ON LVI
Wt.
7.]

Swetman.

17-0.

[PL XXVII.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR,

No.

417

418
No.

ENGLAND.
Ilcvcrec.

Obvemc.

Moneyer.

MEALMESBYRIG
[MiiliiKhbury.]
Type. vii.

1082

^EDPAR D
4EDPE
:

REI-

I<EAL-DPIG

OM

MEAL-:-, Ealdwig.
AVt. I'JO.

1083

D.

REX

fiEAL-DPI

ON MES-L-DWt.
19-4.

1084

4.EDPAR D REI-

^EAL-DPIG ONN

MEALMAVt. 19-3.

Type
1085

xi.

i<EADPAR

RD RE

"J-BRIMPI

ON MELME
I

Brihtwine?

opposite Var. In angles of cross,

and
[PI.

crescent.

Wt.

20-0.

XXVII.

9.]

1086

^E-DR-

RDE

^BRIHPI ON
Var. In

MELME
I

opposite angles of cross,

and

crescent.

Wt.

20-3.

NIFEPORTE.
[Newport.]

Type
1087

vii.

^EADPE RD RE
[PI.

J^-SIRED

ON
NIFEPORTGWt.
19-2,

Sired.

XXVII.

10.]

1088

tEDPE- D RE-

^OJIREDD ON NIPEPO:
Wt. 160.

NOROFIC.
[Nurwieh.]

Type
1089

i.

"REDDER D RE>^

1\

IL-eOCDINE

ON NOR!
Wt.
14-4.

Leofwine.

[PI.

XXVII. 11]

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Obverse.

419

Reverse.
7^.

Moncyer.

1090

^EDPER D

RE>I

I-OSMVNDD O NORO:
Wt. 17G.

Osmuud.

Type
1091
i

ii.

^EDPE RD RE

"^LEOPIE ON

HOR
Wt.
17-2.

Leofwic.

Type
1092

iii.

^CDPE RD RE.f
I

*^LEOFPINEON NORO
Wt.
17-3.

Lcofwine.

Type
1093

iv.

^EhDDI

ID PXll

^OS:MVID ON NOR
Wt.
11-5.
1\
;

Osmund.

1094

^EDPERD

-REX

"t-RINVLF
Var.
12.]

Iliuulf.

PA ES
Wt.
17-7.

[PI.

XXVII.

Type
1095

V.

^EDPE- RD REX
i

^EENELM ON NORO
Wt.
25-7.

Cenelm.

1096

^EDPER:

-D

REX

i^.L-EOFPINE

ON NORO:
Wt.
25-0.

Leofwine.

1097

^EDP- ERD R^
4<EDPE: RD RE:

iO0RFRO O

NOROP
Wt.
25-3.

porferS.

1098

'i'OVREVCRO OM
Wt.

l/IOR25- 1.

purueriS
purferT)

(=
?).

Type
1099

vii.

"J-EDPER D REXVar. f^ceptri; tcrniinating in fleurde-lis.

fHLANGVLF ON NOR
Wt.
2U-4.

HIangulf?

1100

i'EDPR

D REX
de-lis.

J'OORSTAN O NOROP
Wt. 180.

porstan.

Var. Sceptre terminating in fleur-

1101

tEDPER D REX
Var. Sceptre termi-

i<:OVRFVO

ON NORO
Wt.
i:i-.

purfurS.

nating in llcurde-lis.

2 K 2

420
No.

ENaiiANI).

Obvonw.

Rcvcree.

Moneyer.

Type
1102

xi.

i-EADPAR RD RE:

^ELFPINE ON NORe[P]
\Vt. 17-4.

Elfwino.

1103

4EDPARD D
I-EADPA-

RE-.-

iLEFPINE

O NOROPI
Wt.
17-4.

Lofwine or
Liofwine.

1104

RD RE

i-LIOFPINE ON
I-LIOFRIC:

NORD
20-4.

Wt.
1105

i^EADPAR RD R

ON NORPPI
Wt.
19-8.

Liofric.

1106

tEADPAR RD RE-

iPVLFc/5l:

ON NORPPIC
Wt. 190

Wulf.-i

(Wulfsigc).

Type
1107

xiii.

EADPARD RE
-EADPARD REX

^EDFINE ON H0RO
I

Edwine.

Wt.
1108

14-3.

4<D0DPINE O NOR
I

God wine.
12-3.

Wt.
13.]

[PL XXVII.
1109
I

-^PRICE O

NORO
Wt.
14-0.

Price.

Type XV.
1110

EADPARD RX
j

i'OVRGRIM ONMORO
Wt.
14-8.

purgrim.

nil

,.

[D R]E

5-OVRSTAN

ON NOR
Wt.
19-6.

purstan.

OXENAFORD.
[Oxford.]

Type
1112

ii.

tEDPE RD RE

"i-LLPIN

ON OCXWt.
17-3.

Gilpin.

Type
1113

ii.

var.

b.

4<EDPE

REC

ILEOFPINE

OXF
Wt.
17-2.

Leofwine.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Obverse. Reverse.

421

Moneyer.

Type
1114

iv. t-nr. a.

I'EDDE D

REX-.-

^BRIUPOLD OhM CXE

Wt.
17-7.

Brinwold.

[PI.

XXVn.
Type
V.

11.]

1115

i^EDPE: -RD

REX

^EIELPINE ON OXENEWt.
23-9.

Elf wine.

Type
lllG

vii.

^EDPER- D REX

'

^/ELFPICL ON

iElfwier.

OC-XCNE
Wt.
1117
21-2.

^EDPER--,,

Var. Sceptre termi-

^/ELPIC ON

OCEXENAF
Wt.
20-2.

nating in
de-lis.

fleur-

1118

>iEDPAR D REI
Var. Sceptre termi-

^/ELPII

ON OCXENEFO
Wt.
20-1.

nating in fleurde-lis.

Type
1119

ix.

EADPEARD REX ANSOl ^/ELFPIC ON OX:

Wt.
20-G.

^Ifwig.

1120

EADPARD REX
A-H6L0V
I

4^EADPIHE
[PI.

OHH
OXHE:
Wt.
21-4.

Eadwine.

XXVIII.

1.]

1121

EADPARD REX AUSLO ^^ELPIME

OMl/l

OXHE-.
Wt.
20'4.

Elwino.

1122

AN6LI

fH/ERSOD ON O't'NEF
Wt.
21-1.

Ilforgod (of.

Haitgod).

1123

EADARD REX AN6L0V HhSETMAN ON

I

OXEN-.Wt.
21-4.

Swetman.

TyjK
1121

xi.

't'EADPARD RD RE

l^/ECELPINE

ON OXENEX
Wt.
21-5.
I

j15gclwino.

122

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Obverse.

423
Moneyer.

1135

*EDPE:

-RD REX-

^LODPINE ON ROFE
Wt. 167.

Godwine.

1136

iEDPE: -RD

REX

^PVLFRIC ON ROF
Wt. 13
3.

Wulfric.

Type
1137

iv.

4<EDPERD -RECX-

"HLODPhNE ON RO
Var.

Godwine.

Crescent at eml of each limb of cross enclosing

pellet.

Wt. 13

0.

Type
1138

vii.

IEDPER D

REX
fleur-

4<EDPINE ONN ROF:

Wt.
19-6.

Eilwinc.

Var. Sceptre termi-

nating in
de-lis.

Type
1139

xi.

^EADPAR RD RE
[PI.

J-L1FP1NE:
3.]

ON

ROFE-.' Wt. 21-7.

Lifwine.

xxviir.

1140

iLIFPINE

HORN OH
ROF
Wt.
21-7.

Lifwine and Horn.

RUMENEA.
[Romncy.]

Type
1141

i.

i^EDPERD REX A

i'BRVNQAR ON RV
Wt.
15-5.

Brungar.

Type
1142

ii.

HhEDRE RD RE
i'EDPE

tEcoTIN

ON RHV
Wt. 110.

Estan.

1143

J-PVLHED ON

RVM
Wt. 14
f).

WuUud.

II.M.Kl'ENNY.

1144

D RE

^....

ED ON^V
Wl.
0-5.

Wulhod?

424
No.

ENtJLAND.

Obvono.

Reverse.

Moneyer.

Typn
1115

iv.

4-EDDER: D REX

i^PVLM/ER
Var.

ON RVM

Wulmajr.

CroHCt^nt at end of eacli limb of crows cucloaing

pellet.

Wt. H-4.
[PI.

XXVIII.

4.]

Type
11 IG

vii.

^EDRED D REVar. Sceptro torminatiug in ilcur

dc-lis.

i^LEOFRC ON- RVM:

Wi.
21-0.

Leofric.

1117

J-EDPE-.-

D REI

>i<PVLM/ER

ON RVMEEWt. 10
5.

Wulmaer.

Var. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleurde-lis.
I

Type
1148

ix.

EADPARD EX AM6L0-

^PVLM/ER OVWA RVM

Wt. 220.

Wulmaer.

Type
1119

xi.

i'EADPAR RD RE
|

^PVLM/ER ON RVMED
Wt. 21-5

Wulmoer.

SANDPIC.
[Sandwich.]

Type
1150

i.

iEDPNR-.-

REE
I I

I^LIOFPINE

ON SAND
Wt. 150.

Liofwine.

Type
1151

ii.

4EDPE RD RE
i'EDP

J-FAREhlR

ON SA
Wt.
14-5.

Farehir.

1152

ERD
ARD-

R-

}<LEFPINE

ON SA
Wt.
12-4.

Lefwine,

Leofwine, &c.

1153

i<EDP-

^LEOFDIKE ON SA
Wt.
10-5.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

425

l'J(i

ENGLAND.
Rcvcrnc.

No.

Money <T.
OoflcsbrunJ.
|

1164

4-EDPE RD REX

4D0DESBRAND ON SC
Var IJinhHCjf croHa united by one
circle only.

Wt. 17
11G5

5.

^-EDPE: RD REX-

IPVLFRIE

ON

SCEFTE.-I Wulfric.
Wt.
2.0O.
I

Type
IIGG

vii.

^'EDPAR D REX-

"tDVDVCOC OH eCEFTAVt.

Duducol?

210.

11G7

Wt.

20-2.

Ti/2ic vii. var. h.

11G8

^EADP RD REX AN

|>]hP.VLFRIC -ON^J
I

$EEF
19-2.

Wulfric.

"\Vt.

Type
11G9

viii.

^'EDP ED re:I
I

^PVLFRIC OH SEEA-F
[PL

Wulfric.

xxvm.
Type
ix.

Wt.
G.]

19-2.

1170

^EADPEARD REX

ANGLO
Type
1171

J^PVLFRIC ON SCEF
AVt. 20-2.

Wulfric.

.\i.

tEADPAR- RD RE

.i/ELFP/ERD

ON
coC/ETE
Wt.
20-2.

^Ifwcard.

1172

Wt.
1173

20-2.

iCODEcoBRAND

ON

coE Godesbrand.

Wt.

20-0.

Type XV.
1174

EADPARD RE
I

^SODRIC ON SEEAFI
Wt. 200.

Godric.

Type
1175

xvi.

EADPARD REX
I I

I'SODEBBRAND ON 3
M't.
7.]

Godesbrand.

200.

[PI.

XXVllI.

EDWAIID THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Reverse.

427

Obverse.

Moneyer.

SCROBESBYRIG.
[Shrewsbury.]

Type
1176

V.

i^EDPE -RD REX-.i^EDPE: -RD REX:

i^/ELFEH ON SCREOBE
AVt. 25-2.

^Ifch.

1177

I-LEOFSTAN ON

Leofbtan.

SEREO
Wt. 230.
1178

^EDRE: -RD REX

J-LEOFPINE ON

Lcofwine.

SEREO:
Wt. 250.

Ty2}e v. var.

h.

1179

^'EDPE: -RD REX

^'PVLM/ER ON

Wulmser.
AVt. 190.

SCREOB:

Ty2)e

vii.

1180

*EDPE D RE-

i^^LEOFSTAN ON WCRO
I

Leofstan.

Wt. IGO.

Type
1181

ix.

EADPARD REX AH6L-

^^LEOFSTAM OH SERO
Wt.
20-8.

Lcofatan.

Type
1182

xi.

tEADPAR RD RE
JEADPAR-

i'GODPINE ON

wCRO
Wt. 22
0.

Godwinc.

1183

i^PVDEMAN ON[a)]EOB Wudcman.

(Pierced.)

1184

coEOB
Wt. 18
0.

1185

Wt.

20-2.

128

en(;land.

No.

npvprso.

Moneyer.

118G

HHEADPAR RD RE

J-PVLM/ER ON coEOBE
Wt. 20G.

WulmsBf.

Type XV.
1187

EADPARD REX
[IM.

^EARNPI
8.]

N SR0P
Wt.
20-1.

Earn wig ?

XXVIII.

SEREBYRIG,
[Saliflbury.]

Etc.

Tijpc ix.

1188

EADEARD REX AN6L0- i60DERIC ON

lERBIRSE:
Wt. 18
4.

Goderic or
Godric.

1189

(Broken.)

1190

EADPARD REX AM6LO

SERB1R6E
Wt.
20-2.

1191

Wt.
1192

20-4.

EADVVEARDVS EX NSLO
Type

^SODRIC ON SEARBIR
Wt.
16-4.

xi.

1193

tEADPAR RD RE
[Pi.

"I'CODRIC
9.]

ON wERBV
Wt.
19-5.

Godria

XXVIII.

1194

1S0DRIC:

ON
COERBVR:
Wt. 190.

Type XV.
1195

EADPARD REX
REX:

^SIEBODE ON SEAI
Wt.
17-0.
II I)

Sigebode.

1196

SERB:
Wt.
18-5.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Obverse.

429

Reverse.

jSIoneyer.

SNOTINGAHAM.
[Xottiugliam.]

Type
1197

ii.

^EDPR- RD RE
[PI.

i^ALHHVND A SNO
AVt. 12-9. 10.]

Alhmund.

XXVIII.

1198

i<EDD;

5>

>>

^wNOTER ON

CON Wt.

Snoter.
lG-6.

Type
1199

iii.

^EDPE D
I<EDPER
Var.

RE'I^

i-BL-ACMAN ON SNOTI
Wt.
16-2.

Blacman.

1200

Pellet before head.

iBLACMAN ON

SNOTIH
Wt.
17-5.

Type
1201

V.

i-EDPER

-D

REE-X:
[PI.

J<HALDENE ON
XXVIII.
11.]

SNOT-." Wt. 2(5-5.

Ilaldeno.

Type
1202

xiii.

*EADPA[RD] RE

iARNCRI[M]

ON SN
(Broken.)

Amgrim.
Furman.

1203

REX A

i<FORMAN ON SNO
Wt. IGO.

ST/EFFORDA.
[Stafford.]

Typt^ V.

1204

^EDPE: -RD REX

[I'l.

^ELFRIC ON ST/EFORDE
Wt.
17-5.

Elfric.

XXVIII. 12]

430
No.

EN(1LAM.

EDWARD TUE CONFESSOR.

Obverse.
Reverse.

431

Moneyer.

1216

i'EADRARARD

RE^

^^DIORMAN O.N wT/E

Wt.
lG-7.

Diorman.

Type XV.
1217

EADPARD REX

A
[PI.

^DERMON ON
1.]

ST/EN
Wt. 19
0.

'

Dermon.

XXIX.

1218

RE

^GODPINE ON ST/E
Wt.
20-4.

Godwine.

STANFORD.
[Stamford.]

Type
1219

ii.

4EDPE RD RE
4*EDE-.-

"i'ARFRA

ON STA:
Wt.
15-4.

Arfra l(=^ifara?).

1220

"J-DODDINE

ON

S-Wt. 14-0.

Godwine.

1221

^EDPI
J^EDP

tCODPINE ON

S: Wt.

15-7.

1222

^LEFPINE ON STAI:
Wt.
13-7.

Leofwine.

1223

i'EDPE

}<LEOFPINE ON STA
Wt.
15-7.

Type
1221

iii.

^EDPER

D REX

I-BRVUPIHE ON STA
Wt. 140.

Brunwine.

1225

4<EDPE: D REX

^EDPINN ON STAN FOR

Wt. H-5.

Edwine.

1226

^EDPER: D

RE'i'

tL-EOERINE ON

Lcofwino.
17-3.

8TANF:
Wt.
1227

i^EDRER

tLEOFPINE ON 3TANF
Wt. 136.

1228

^EDPE-.-

RD

REI*
[VI.

"HAIARCIN OhH STAN

Wt.
17-2.

Marcin or

Hanin
(Martin).

XXIX.

2.]

1.T2

ENGLAND.
Monpycr.

No.

1229

"i-EDPE

RD RE*

i^PILERIF

ON

8T7^NF:
Wt. 140.

Wilcrif.

IlALFrENNY.
1230

.EDPER

*
iv.

N STA-NI:
Wt. GO.

Type
1231

4^EPD PPNXAC

*PVL-N0:O ON STAI:
I

Wulno.

Wt. 147.

Tijpe V.

1232

i-EDPE-

RD REX
-D

^/ERFRE ON STANFOR:|
Wt.
27-7.

^rfre
(cf.

Arfra).

1233

^EDPER

REEX-

i-f=/ER6RIN

ON 8TANEF0
Wt.
26-5.

Faorgrim.

Type
1234

vii.

4EDPER D REX
Var. Sceptre termi-

i-BRVNPINE ON STA
Wt.
21-5.

Brunwine.

nating in fleurde-lis.

Type
1235

ix.

EADPARD REX AH6L0V

EADPARD

^^QODPIHE OH STANF
Wt.
20-9.

God wine.
Leofric.

1236

iLEOFRIE

OH STAHF
Wt. 220.

Type
1237

xi.

"^EADPAR RD RE

^OcoPARD ON coTAN
Wt.
19-4.

Osward.

Type sv.
1238

EADPARP REX

^BRVNPINE ON ST:
Wt.
21-4.

Brunwine.

1239

EADPARD

STA
Wt. 200.

1240

i-SODPINE ON STA
Wt. 210.

God wine.
Swarcolf
2.

1241

^SPAREOLF ON

ST:

(:

Wt. 19

Swartcol?).

EDWARD TUE COXFESSOR.

No.
Obverse.
Reverse.

433

Moneyf-r.

SUOBYRIG.
[Sudbury.]

Type
1242
:

xi.

"^EADPARD RD RE

^FOLCPINE ON
C/3VPBVC
"SVt.

Folcwine.
rj-0.

SUCGEPEORC.
[Southwark.]

Type
1243

ii.

I'EDPN:

RD

E-b:

J<ELFPINE

ON SVOE
Wt.
14-7.

Elfwine.

1244

I^EDPA RD E

^LIOFPINE ON

SV)
AVt. 11-7.

Liofwino
(Leol'wine).

Type
1245

iii.

iEDPAR D RE-i*

>i<L-EOFPINE

ON

SVO-: Wt. 14-5.

Leofwiue.

Type
1246

V.

fEDPR RD R-E^

4'EIOFRED ON coVCE
Wt.

14-2.

Liofred (Leyfrod).

Type
1247

vii.

iEDPER- D

REX

I'LEOFRED ON SVOC
AVt. lilO.

Leofred.

Var. Sceptre terminating in fleurde-lis.

1248

^EDPE- D REX
Var. Scei)tro termi-

^O.roMVND ON SVCE-.
Wt. 16
0.

Osmund.

nating iu lieurde-lis.

[Tl.

XXIX.

3.]

1249

I'EDPAR- D REX
Var. Sceptre termi-

^OSMVND ON
flciu:-

SV)C: Wt. iy-5.

nating
de-lia.

in

1250
VOL.
II.

)>

Wt.

20-3.

1-

434
No.
i2:.i

ENGLAND.
Obvcrws.

Moneycr.

4.EDPER D RE-

iSPETMAN ON SVOS
Wt.
20-G.

Swctman.

T>j]>'

ix.

i2:.2

EADPEARD REX
ANSLCOX

I-CODMAN ON SVOIE:
Wt. 17G,
I

Gorlman.

i2r.3

EADPAR REX AMGLCW- fiOSMVUD

014

SVOD:
\Vt.

Osmund.

20

G.

Tijpp xi.

1254

^EDDRD

D.

D.E

'

.^OcoMAND ON 8IDI
Wt.
20-2.

Osmund.

1255

^EADPAR RD RE

^coPETMAN ON coVOS:
Wt.
20-1.

Swetman.

Tijpe xiii.

1256

EADRARD

REI

I<SODRIE- ON-

SVDP
Wt.
16-5.
:

Godric.

1257

4.EADPARD REX

A-

^OcoMVND ON coVOE
Wt. 14

Osmund.

8.

TAMPEORO.
[Tam\Yortb.]

Ti/pe V.

1258

^.EDP.E RD REI

>I</EDELPINE

ON TAMP
Wt.
2i)-9.

.^grelwina

Type
1259

xi.

4EDPAR D RE[PI.

4^C0LINE ON
4.]

TAM
Wt.
20-9.

Colinc.

XXIX.

Type
1260

xiii.

EADPARD RE
I I

-i-BRVNINC

ON TA
Wt. 140.

Cruuiuc.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOK.

No.

-ioO

436
No.

EKOLANI).
Moneyer.

R'VPrH
I

Tijpf xi.
1'jr.y

4EADPAR RD RE

^AcoTAN

ON PERINI:
Wt. 20-5.

Aaten
(cf.

JEstan).

IJTO

+EADPA[R] RD RE

^OVRaiTA[N ON

P/E]RI

puretan.

(Broken.)

Ttji XV.

T>7i

4.EADPARD REX

^OEODRIE OH P/ER
Wt.
l'J-5.

peodric.

PALINGAFORD.
[Wallingfurd.]

Type
1272
;

iii.

-t-EDPE:

RD REX

^BRIHTRIC ON PELIN
Wt. 20
8.

Brihtric.

Tijpe V.

1273

i'EDPER -D

REEX:
[PI.

^/EILPII
7.]

ON PALINGE
Wt.
24-8.

^ilwig?

XXIX.

1274

^BRIHTRE ON PAL
I'EDPE -RD RE.X

Brihtric.

Wt 25-2.
Brunwiue. Wt.
2G-5.

1275

^BRVNPINE ON PS

Tiji>e \\\.

1276

4*EDPER- D REXYiir.

i^BRAND

ON PALING
Wt. 21
0.

Brand.

Sceptre tt-riuinating in tleur-

de-lis.

1277

^EDPR-.- D

REX

I-BRANND ON PELirC:
Wt.
20-5.

Var. Sceptre termi-

nating in fleurde-lis.

1278

"tEDPA RD REI'

'i'BRIHTRIIE

ON

PAL-I Wt. 210.

Brihtric.

1279

4'EDPn-.-

D REX
in
rtiiir-

^BRIHTPINE ON PALI
Wt. 20
2.

Brihtwine

Var. Sceptre termi-

nating
dc-lia.

EDWAUU THE CONFESSOR.

No.

137

438
No.
OliveiM.

ENGLAND.
Rcvenie.

Monpycr.

120 J

EADPARD RETtjp--

^PVLFPINE- ON PEA
Wt.
XV.
lG-4.

Wulfwine.

12IIG

EADPARD REfX]

t'BVREPINE

ON PA
Wt.
19-8.

Burcwino.

Type XV.
1297

vur.

c.

EADPARD REX

A
[ri.

I-BRIHTM/ER ON PA:
Wt.
10.]

Brilitmfor.

20-5.

XXIX.

PECEDPORT.
[Wfttchet.]

Type
1298
.iVD:

ii.

REE RE

^L-C ON CEPOR-IWt.
10-7.

Loc.

Type
1299

vii.

4<EDPER D REX
l'((r.

^LODCILD- ON PEEE
Wt.
21-7.

Godcild.

Sceptre termiDating in fleur'

de-lis.

[PI.

XXIX.

11.]

1300

>

>

Var. Sceptro termi-

Wt. 200.

nating in fleurde-lis.

PERHAM.
[Warcham.]
Type
1301
i.

^EDPER-.- D REX-

fSIDENAN ON

PER-.Wt. 16-5.

Sideman.

Type
1302

ii.

4^EDP RD REX

^ADECNTEP ON PE
Wt.
11-2.

Uncertain.

Type
1303

vii.

HhEDPAR D RE

^SIDEMAN ONPERHAI:
Wt.
l'.t-7.

Sideman.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

439

1301

^EADR- RD

REIfleur-

^SIDEMAN ON PERI
\Vt. 19-3.

Var. Sceptro termi-

nating in
de-lis.

Tijpr ix.

1305

EADPARD REX AH6LO

fSIDEMAH OH PARN
Wt. 20-8.

Sideman.

Tijpi' xi.

130G

^'EADPAR- RD RE
i^EADPAR

J^BIORNi^BIORN

ON PERHAM
Wt.
20-8.
I

Biorn.

1307

ON PERHAM

Var. In two angles of cross A X.

Wt. 180.
1308

i<EADPAR-

4<C0DEMAN OhPERH
Wt
17-3.

Godcman.

1309

^EADPAR
fPl.

I'COIDEMAN

ONPERHA
Wt. 20
0.

Sideman.

XXIX.
Type

12.J

xiii.

1310

^EADRARD RE

II

"i^SIDEMAN

PERHA
Wt. 15
2.

Sidcnian.

Tijpr XV.

1311

EADPARD REX

^SIDEMAN ON PER:
Wt. 200.
,,

Sideman.

1312

FER
Wt. 17 7

PIHRACEASTER

ou

PIGRAGEASTER.

[Worcester.]

Ti/pr

i.

1313

i^EPDER- D REX-A-

i*LEOFSTArj

ON
PIHR-.-

Lcofstan.
18-2.

Wt.

Type

ii.

13H

^EDPA RD RE

I'CODPINE O PlhWt. 12
2.
,

(lodwino.

440
No.

ENOLAND.
ObverM.
Revcrae.

Moneycr.

Typt"

vii.

1315

i-EDPAR- D REI
Var. Sccptro torminiiting
do-lis.

HHCARVLFON DIHEREC
"\Vt.

fianilf.

20

2.

in

flcur-

[PI.

XXIX.

13.]

1316

JEOPARD-

REX-.in
fleur-

JPIICINNC

ON PIHER"\Vt.

Wicing

Vur. Scoptre tormi-

202.

nating
de-lia.

Tijiie ix.

1317

EADPARD REX AUSLO ^/ELEPINE OH

"

PICR
6.

^gelwine.

Wt. 20
1318

Wt."21-4.

Type
1319

xi.

iEADPAR

RD RE

^/ECELPME O^PIHREC
Wt. 21
2.

^gelwiiie.

1320
[PI.

^LIOFcoTAN ON PIHRE
Wt.
20-1.

Liofstan.

XXIX.

14.]

1321

^PIEINEL

ON PIHRECE
Wt.
20- 1.

Wicing.

Type
1322

xiii.

4<EADPARD REX A
RE:

I</ELFPINE ON PIHR
Wt. 160.

^Ifwine.

1323

^EASTM/ER ON

PIHWt. 160.

Eastmser.

PILTUNE.
[Wilton.]

Type
1324
I

i.

^'EPDER D REX

-A-

^LIFINCE ON PILTVN
Wt. 16S.
1.]
'

Lifinc.

[PI.

XXX.

EDWAED THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Obverse.

441

Reverse.

Moneyer.

Type
1325

iii.

4<EDPE: -RD RE.X

HhEDPE-

,^ELFST7XN ON PILTV:
Wt. 170.

Elf'stnn.

132G

RD RE

:X

i'LIFINEC

ON PILTVN
Wt.
17-6.

Lifinc.

Type
1327

V.

^EDPE: -RD REX.

Jh/ELFPINE ON PILT
Var. G in uuc angle of cross.

.^Ifwine.

Wt.
Type
1328
vii.

17-2.

^EDPE
>)

D REX

I^-/EL-FPI-N-E

ON PILT
Wt.
19-8.

uElfwine.

1329

>>

11

^/ELFPINE ON
PIL-TE-.-

Wt.
1330

19-8.

^EDPAR- D

REI-

t-ALFPOLD ON PILTVN
Wt.
19-8.

Alfwold.

1331

PILTVNE
Wt. 198.
Purcil.

1332
Var. Sceptre terminating in lleurde-lis.

i^DVRCIL
Wt.
20-5.

1333

^EDPE- D RE
Type

i^DVRECIL

ON PILT
Wt. 200.

ix.

1334

EADPARD REX ANSLOV

;

"i^/ELFPINE

ON PILT
Wt.
19-8.

.^Ifwine.

1335

EADPEARD REX
ANGLO-

^ELFPINE ON PILTVNEIC
Wt. 140.

1336
I

EADVVEARDVS REX AN6L

EADPARD REX
AH6L0V(;
[ri.

"l^EFDPINE

ON DILTVNEN
Wt
1G4.

1337

ihALFPOLD ON PILT
Wt. 20
2.]
2.

AlfwoUl.

XXX.

1338

EADPEARD REX AN6L0

,,

PILTVNEWt ISO.

412
No.

ENtiJ.AND.

EDWARD THE
No.
CH.vor^o.

CONFESSOR.

443
M.jnoyor.

Rcvorse.

1356

i'EADPAR

RD RE

1357

EADPARD REX-

1358

EDPARD RE[X]
-EADPARD REEADPARD

1359

13G0

1361

i^EADPARD REX-

1362

Ill

KXil.AM).

No.

Obveno.

Rcverec.

Moneyer.

Txjjie

ii.

i:i72

PEDPN RD E
IEDPA D HE
HhEDPA RD RE

p/ESTAN ON PIN:
AVt. 10-9.
I
I

^stan.

1373

"PBRVN ON DINEWi. 12
2.
j

Brun.

1374

PEDPIE ON

PIN
Wt. 12
0.

Edwie.

1375

*EDPER RD RE:
i-EDPA

I-ELFSTAN ONPIN
Wt.
17-4.

Elfstan.
|

1376

^LEOFPINE ON
,

PIN
11-4.

Leofwine.

"\Vt.

1377

^EDPEI RD RE

PI

Wt.
1378

11-2.

*EDP

MFINE ON
J^LIFINC

PINT:

Lifinc.

Wt. 150.
1379

(Legend barbarous.)

ON FIND
Wt. 121.

IlALFrEWIES.
1380

E R-D

-PLOC
...
IN

NC
Wt.
6-5.

Loc.

1381

RD RE:

ONPIN
Wt. 7
3.

Type
1382

iii.

tEDPER

-D

REX:
REX[n.

t'-CODPINE-

ON

PINZE

God wine.
Lifinc.

Wt. 170.
1383

-I-LiFINE

ON PINCEE
Wt.
15-8.

XXX.

4.]

Tijpe iv.

13S4

.frEDPeRD

REX AUG

^ELPINE ON PINE
:

Elwine.
4.

Wt. IG

Type
1385

V.

4<EDP RD REX

'P/ELFPINE

ON

PINCE:' ^Ifwine.

EDWARD THE
Obverse.

CONFESSOR.

445

Moneyer.

1386

^EDPE: RD REX

^/ESTAN ON PINE:
Vur. Limb-s of cross

.^stun or Estan.

united

by
"Wt.

one
170.

circle only.

1387

>^EDPR- RD
.^EDPI
I
1

REI<

^ESTAN ON
i/E$TANN

PirCEST
Wt.
15-8.

1388

RD REX
-D

LOC OH
Wt.

PI

^stan and
Loc.

lG-8.

1389

^EDPER:

REEX

i-BRAND ON PINEESTR
Wt.
26-4.

Brand.

1390

Wt. 260.
1391

^:ED-RE-RI

D-

REX:
P?l.

I^BRIHTPOLD ON PINEE:
Wt. 250.
5.]

Brihtwold.

XXX.

1392

'

I'EDPER- RD REX
Var. Sceptre terminating in iiuurde-lis.

J^GODPINE
Vfir.

ON PINE
Limbs
of cross

Godwine.

united

by

one

circle only.

Wt. 170.
1393

-^EDPR RD REX

HhLEOFPINE ON PINE
Var. Pellet in one

Leofwine.

angle

of

cross.

(Broken.)

1394

^EDPE: -RD REX

'

-i-LIFINE

ON PINEES:
Wt.
15-8.

Lifinc.

1395

^EDPER- D REX

^LIOFINC ON PINGEcoT
Wt.
16-8.

1396

^EDPER

-D

REX

^LOE ON PINEEST
Var.

Loc.

Limbs

of cross

united
circle

by
only
in

one

and
one
16-8.

pellet

angle.

Wt.
1397

DiEFPE:

RD REX

tLOE ON PlNEEcoT:
Wt. 170. i-LOE

1398

^EDPE-.-

RD REX

ON PINEESTR
V(ir.

Limbs

<>f

cross

united

by

one
24-8.

circle onlv.

Wt.

IK!

KNCl.AM).

ObvvrM.

Iteverso.

law
1400

^i^L^UP:

ARD RE

^PIDICA ON PINCEST:
Wt. 170.

4EDPE: RD REX:

l-PYNSTAN ON
PINCEST.-.
\V(.

20

1.

Type

vii.

HUl

i-EDPER- D REIVar. Sceptre terminnliiif^

dc-litj.

,i</ELFPINE
i

ON PINCEco
Wt. 200.

iu

llcur-

1402

J'EDPER D
Viir.

REX

4^/ELFPINE ON PINZE^:
Wt.
20-7.

Sctptrc tcrmiiirttiug iu dcur-

dc-lis.

1403

REi>f/E03TAN

PNCES
Wt. 20o.

1404

*EDPER- D REX
REVar. Sceptre terminating in lieurde-liri.

ON PINEEcoT
Wt. 200.

1405

i/ESTAN

ON PINCEST
Wt. 20
5.

1406

-i>

Var. Sceptre terminatin.sr in fleurde-li.^.

REX

"i^/ESTAN
I

ON PINCESTI
Wt.
19-8.

1407

4-EDPER D REVar. Sceptre tcrminatiug in Henrde-lis.

1408

*EDPER-

1409

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

447

i:N(iL.\M).

No.

Obvprno.

Moneyer.

1130

+EDPER- D REX
Vitr. Sco|itrc tirini-

4.L-ADM/ER ON PINCE:
Wt. 20
7.

tuitiiig
(l( -lirt.

in

flour-

H3l

^'EDPERD- REXViir. Socjitrc

I-LIFINC
tormi-

ON PINCE3
Wt.
20-2.

Lifiuc.

naling in tlcurde-lia.

1482

EDDER-.- D

REX
t(

^^LICINi:
rmitlciir-

ON PINEEcoT
^\'t.

Var. Sci ptro

10-8.

nating in
dc-iia.

1433

^EDPEi'EDPAR D REXVar. Sceptre terminating in fleurde-lis.

i^L-IFINE

ON PINCEST.
"\Vt. lS-4.

1434

^LIFINi:

ON PINEESTR
Wt. 200.

1435

-i^EDPER

Var. Sceptre terminating in fleurde-lis.

^LIFIND ON PINCECOT
Wt. 200.

1436

"tEDPE D REVar. Sceptre terminating in fleurde-lis.

i^PIDTt

ON PINCESI:
Wt.
20-5.

Widia.

1437
Var. Sceptre terminating in fleurde-lis.

iPID;X

DN PINCESI:
Wt.
20-7.

1438

iEDPER D

REX

4^PIDi7^

ON PINCESTI
Wt.
lS}-4.

Var. Sceptre terminating in fleurde-lis.

Type
1439

vii.
j

var.

h.

^EADPE RD REX AN
[n.

^SARVLF ON PINERE
Wt. 200.
7.]

Garulf.

XXX.

Type
IIU)

ix.

EADPEARD REX
AN6L-:

^/ELFPINE ON PINCE
Wt.

19-S.
i

^Ifwinc

1441

EADVVEARDVS REX ANDLO

PINCES
Wt. 21
4.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Obverse.

449

Muueycr.

1442

EADPEARD REX
AN6L-::
i i

-i^/ELFPINE

ON PINES:
Wt.
IT'?.

1443

EADVVEARDVS REX
ANCL

-^/ESTAN

ON PI1NCE$
Wt.
21-2.

Ji]staD.

1444

ANCLO "^/EOESTAN ON PNEESj

Wt. 2 10.

^^estan.

1445

EADPEARD REX AN6L- ^^ANDERBOD ON

Wt.
I

PIN
21-4.

Anilerboda.

144G
I

i^ANDERBODA: ON

PI:

Wt. 200.
1447

ANSI

^ANDERBODA ON
PINCE
Wt.
18-8.

1448

AN6L-, ^ANDERODA- ON PINO

!

wt.

19-8.

1449

EADVVEARDVS REX ANDLO

i<BIRIHTM/ER- ON

Brilitmajr.

PINCE
Wt. 200.

1450

I't'BRIHTM/ER-

ON PING
Wt. 210.

ANGLO
I

1451

REX:

PBRIFTMEHR- ON

PINCES
Wt. 18
1452
7.

EADPARD EX HN6L

I-DODPINE ON PINE:
Wt.
19-8.

Goilwiiio.

'

1453

EADPEARD REX AN6L:

:ONn NO
ICODPINE

BNISaOO'i'
wt. 190.

1454

EADRPARD REX AN

ON

P:1NC:
Wt. 200.

1455

EADPEARD REX AN6L- 4<C0DP!NEi ON PINE

Wt.
18-4.

1456

EADVVEARDVS REX I60DPINE ON PIN6ES VCLO AVt. 2 10. [PI. XXX. 8.]
'

1457

I^LIFINE

ONN PINEE
Wt. 210.

Li fine.

ANGLO
1458

^LIFINC ON PINCE3T
Wi.
21-4.

1459

i^SPRACELINC ON PING:
Wt. 2 16.
:

Sprnctliiic.

2 a

i:.>

i:n<lani>.

No.

Moneyor.

Tijpii xi. [///)

IIGO

i'EADPAR

RD RE

p/ELFPINE ON PINCE
Wt. 1S.

vKlfwin.

IIGI

ONPINCECO
Wt. 20
1.

HG2
1103

ON PINCEwT
Wt.

I'JG.

PINCco
Wt. 20
0.

14G4
I

't'EADPARD
t'EADPARI

4^ANDERB0DA ON
Wt.

PIN
l'J-4.

Antlcibodu.

1465

^ANDERBODE

ONPIf^: Wt.lS -2.

UG6
14G7

^EADPAR

ONPirCE!
Wt.
20-4.

fBRIHTM/ER ON
}<60DPINE

PIMIE Wt. 2U-4.

Brihtrnjcr.

14G8

ON PINCE
Wt.
20-4.

Goawine.

HG9
1470

I-DODPINE ON

PlIvCEco

Wt.

l'J-2.

^GODPINE: ON PINE
Wt.
20-4.

1471

Wt. 200.
1472

LADPA RD REX

1<LE0FP0LD-

ON

PIN! Wt. 19 8.

Leofwold or LiofwoLL

1473

EADPEARD REX ANSVar. Inscription continuous from left

to riirht.

pinceI
19-8.

wt.

1474

^EDPAR- RD RE
"tEADPA
,.

^LEOPOLD ON PINCE
Wt. 200.
I

1475

^'LIOFPOLD ONPINCE
Wt. 192.

'

147G

EADPARDE- RD R
4-EADPAR- RD RE

ONPINCEOJ
Wt. 190.
I

1177

ON

PINIEcoTi Wt. 19 4.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

Obvei'sc.

451

Reverse.

Moneycr.

1478

EADPEARD REX ANSVar. lusciiptiun con-

"tLIOFPOLD ON
PINEECOT
Wt.
19-4.

tinuous from left

to riKht.

1479

JEOPARD RD RE
l^EADPAR-

-J^COPRARELINC:

Spracelincor
I

O^PINEE:
Wt. 19
1480

4.

Spracoliiii

HhcoPRAEELirC ONPINIE:
Wt. 19
7.

1481

"^EADPARD,,

tcoPRAELIHD ON PINCE:
Wt. 190.

Type
1482

xiii.

EADPARD

RE-

J^./ELFPINE

ON

PI:

iElfwino.

Wt.
1483

1(] 7.

1<EADPARD REX D

ZANDER BO DA ON P
Wt.
15-8.

Andcrboda.

1484

EADPARD RE:
I) 1)

>IANDERBODE- ON
Wt.

PI

17-7.

1485

Wt. 17
1486

4.

RE-

^HEOEPVLF ON PIC
Wt.
l(J-4.

ll^Srwulf.

1487

4*

REX:

'i'LEOFPOLD ON PIN
Wt. liM.

LcofwoM.

1488

)>

)>

PN
9.

Wt. 17
1489

EADPARD REX
REX-

A:

>1^LIFING

ON PINE
Wt.
l(;-3.

Lifin^ or
Liliui\

1490

I-LIFNC
I'LIFNC[IM.

PINCE
M't. lG-2.

1491

EADPARD

RE>1<

ON PINEES
Wt. 17
2.

XXX.

il.J

1492

RE-

^^SPRAEALNG- ON

PI
0.

Wt. 10
1493

Spracalinff or Spmcclino.

REX

I-SPRACELINE ON P
Wt. 15
3.

2 G 2

W>2

ENOliANl).

No.

Obverse.

EDWARD
No.

TlIK CONFESSOR.

453
Moneyer.

1512

EADPARD RE
RE.

i^LIFINE

ON riNEE:
Wt. IGl.

1513

Wt. 180.
1514

RE
R

riNPII Wt. 180.

1515

4^SPRACEL1NC ON P
Wt. 18G.

Spraccliuc.

1516

^SFRAEELINS ON

Wt. 101.
1517

^SPRAEELINS ON
.,

PI
1.

Wt. IG
1518

PIN
5.

Wt. 10

Type
1519

xvii.

EADPARD RE
I

i'SPEARTlNS ON
Wt.

PI
18-5.

Swcarliii'i

PINCELSEA.
[Wiiicliclsca.]

Ti/pe xi.

1520

t'EADPAR D RE
[PI.

i'COLDPINE OhPirCELE' Goldwiue.

Wt.
II.]
20-2.

XXX.

OEODFORD.
[Tliftford.]

Type

i.

l.Vil

^EDPER
I

D REX A:
[PI.

^ELSIJE ONN OEO

AVt. 14-3.

Elfsie?

XXX.
I

12.]

1522

A-

>^ESTMVND ON )EO:
Wt. 170.

E.stiiiiiiiil.

Type
1523

ii.

^EDPE

RD

Rl

"^ELFRIC ON

CE
Wt
Ii;t;

Elfri.

454
No.

ENGLAND.

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.
Obverse. Reverse.

455
Jloneyer.

Type
1539

Y.

-i-EDPER -D REXI'EDPE -RD REX:

"^/EIL^IE

ON OEODFO:
Wt.
24-9.
I

iEilsio.

1540

^ESTMVND ON
'i'E^'i'MVND

-DEO
2G-8.

'

Estmund.

Wt.
1541

ON GEO
Wt.
25-8.

Type
1542

vi.

^EDPER D REEX:
[Pi.

J-SODELEOF ON OEOT
Wt.
14.]
17-8.

Godeleof.

XXX.
vii.

Type
1543

i<ED[P]ER D

RE

^BL-ARERE ON eiTFOR
Wt. 170.
'

Blarore
(of.

Blacer).

1544

't'EDPE-

D REX
Sceptre termiuating in tleurde-lis.

-^CODELEOF ON )EOT
Wt.
20-7.
i

Gclclcof.

F((r.

1545

I-EDPER -D REVar. Sceptre termi-

^LEOFPINE ON
tleiir-

OEOT

Leofwine or
Lifwiue.

AVt. 20-2.

nating in
de-lis.

154(5

i^EDDER D RE

^LIFPINE ON OIDFOR
Wt.
Tyjie xi.
I'J

G.

1547

-^EADPER RD RE
^EDPAt D REi

i<ATcV)ERE

ON PIODFOI
Wt.
lit 0.

Atsere.

1548

-I-BLACER

ON GETFO
Wt.
I'J 1.

Blacer.

1549

I-EADPAR RD RE

"J^FOLEERD ON DATFOR
I

Folcerd.
:

AVt. 1!I2.

1550

I^EDPARD ERE

1C>ELIC:

ON PIODFOD
Wt.
17-5.
'

(Jwelie = Uudelif?).

1551

tEADPAR RD REX
HhEDPARD RD RE

^coVMERLIDE ONPIODFO
Wt.
2 10.

Sumorlodrt.

1;)52

4SVMRED ON )ET
Wt.
I

'.to.

4r>i;

ENCiLAM).

No.

(iLvrr-.-.

RevrrM.

Moneycr.

4*EADPAR RD RE
1551

^'SVMRLEO ON OET:
\\ t.
Ill 2.

^'EADPAR RD REX

?PVnFVRP ON PIODFO
AVt
r.t;t.

M'mfurd
(cf.

purfuriS).

Ti/pt' xiii.

1555

+EADPARED REXEADPARD REX-

-^/ELFPINE ON

OETF
Wt.
18-3.

^Ifwine.

15:16

"fATSER ON DETF
AVt. ](;0.

Atsere.

1557

^EADPARED REX
i-EADPARD REX-^
Type

l^GODRIC

ON OETFO
^Vt.

Go<lric.

IGO.
Suiucrleda.
I

1558

pSVMRD ON OETFOR
AVt.

111.

XV.
[

155D

EADPARD REX

-^eODPI

ON OETFORDI
Wt. IS
0.
i

Godwine.

UNCERTAIN MINTS.
Type
1560
ii.

'i'DERE
'I'EDPE

RD RE RD RE

'I'ELEIPREHPHIO
AVt. 12-5.

Uncertain.

15CI

1-HORCEP ON ED
Far. Ptlkt in one angle of cro.-s.

Uncertain.

Wt. 150.
15G2

^EDPA-.- RD E

'i'PIDRED

ON RTF:
Wt.
10-4.

'

Widred.

Type
1563

iv.

HhEDPER D REX-

l^L-IFINC
1
'((

ON SPES*
r.

Lifinc.

Cresoi'iit

at

end of each limb

of cross enclosing
pellet.
I

Wt.

15-G.

Type
1564

V.

^-EDPE- RD REX
I

^HLIHHHOCHFHIIII

Uncertain.

Wt. 180.
?

Ipswich

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR.

No.

4.')

4^8

EDWAED THE CONFESSOR.

Obverse. Reverse.

459
Moneyer.

1594

^ED
Type

SBR
Wl. 3
0.

iii.

1595

[I-jEDPE

t-PVL
Wt.
4-0.

Wulfwino.

1596

RE
. . .

INE
Wt.
3-6.

1597

PINE
Wt.
2-7.

1598

AR
.
.

NE ON
E ON

Wt. 30
1599

I-ED

M
Wt. 5-0

1600

RD

ON

N
Wt.

30

"

1(10

HAROLD
Succ. A.p. G Jan.

II.

lOGG; Dikd a.d.

Moncyers.

Oct. lOCC.

iTl^'oIwino

(Fl.-li.,

I.cic, Tholf.).
(Tliet/.).

M<>r!w [ = vi:ifwme]
yKlVwiCK] (Oxf.).
ilOlfwinc
.il':ifwnl<l

yKir>,'cat(Lim!.). ./-V/MnS [" Cni "=Chehca

lor.it'l (York). Leisinc [=Leifinc?] (York). Ltn/rie ( Ware).

locctel or

?].

Tjoofsi [ Leof.-itan
Ciiiit.,

= L'

orwige](Ijond.).

(Hodi., S(juthainp.).
(IJrist.,
((iiiild.,

or

Elfwinn

(Prist.,

Lo ifward (Lowch).
Leufwine Leofwoid
Litinc or

(.'liioli.,

Tpsw., WiiirliCHt.).

KkcL, liorh., Stamf.).

AVindicst,).

or Alf\v(>l(l(Wilt.). JE\giVT [ef. Aldgar] (Lond.).

LufKnc (Exct., Warw., Win-

Agamunil.
AUl'^txT (Lond.).

diest.).

l\Ianna 'Xott.).

Alidf (York).
Al/ried.

Or^ric

((iloiu-.).

me nlso JEU.Almcr [ = Ulincr? cf. Wulmcr] (Line).

Alt'.-

Osninnd (Lond., South w.). Oswold (I-ewes). Ou^hvaru (York).

Alxxi [=.T:ifsii,r?](Chest.).
Andcrluidii (Windiest.).
IMiuroiufin.

Ou?grim (York). Out;ulf(York).

Rentwine
[

= Keutwiue

or Ccnt\vine?J

IJrihtinair (WaUingf.). Jlrihtiioi {Ghmc).

IJrihtric (Exot., Taunt.).
Jirilitiri [

(Wilt.) jBo.-'c.C/ ( Yorh).

SentictHP,

= Briiitwine].
;.

Ilrilitwold (Oxf.

l?ruinmon (Ipsw.).
]?nin\viiic (Stamf.).

Sajwiue (Southamp ). spfi Centwine. Sigod (Bedf ). Snasbeorii or Sneheorn (Colch., Yuik).
Sprac( ling (Windiest.).
[.<w also Swctman] (Lend.). Sutere (York). Swcarling, si-e Swearting. Swearlciil or Sicartcol (York). Swearting, Sweartling, &c (Wallingf., Winchest.). Swetman or Sicfman (Lond., Southamp., Warch.). Ulfcetel (York). Urstan, sir Purstan

lUirpwinc (Wallingf.). Cfiitwine or Guntu-ine

Ceorl (Brht.). Cinstan (Dover). Col man.

Sueman

("Wilt.).

Chi,: Dornion[= pcrmon?] Kudward.

Enstna^r (Wiiicbost.). Edric (Ilcref.).

(Steyn.).

Edwino
J:ij,ri [

= ]-:ifwifr
sc(

(Caut., Hfref., Lond.). or Elfwinc] (Herrf.).

..Elfwine.

Wdtrman (Wurc).
Wiiute.

Elfwino,

Winus
(York).
WuIjJ

(Wilt.).

Knjnd.
ICrncetcl [ Folrir.
For^ii.

Wulfgiat (Gloup.).

= Arncctel]

or

AVulfwi

[= Wulfwig
Coleb.).

or

Wulfwinc] (Carubr.,
IViiIfmxr,

Foriia (Nott.).

Vtvq

= Froma?] (Derby),

Gcrctin. G<xii\4)rand. (iodric (Lond., Shaft., Thctf.).

God wine (Chich.,

Vorif.).

Wulmar, ic. (Line, Eomn., Shrews.). TTul/red (Cant). Wuifward (Dover, Li>nd.). "Wulgar [Wulfgar] (Lond.). Wulm.vr, ,<-' Wulfnixr.
J.^eixlred (Hast.).

Hunt., Lewes, MaJd.,

pennon
pi/rcj/.

Onhlmnn.
(Jfldwino (Windiest.). H.aJ'cwi (Wincbcst.).

= Dcrmon?]

(Steyn.).

purged

(Thctf.).

purttan (Xorw.).

HAROLD

11.

4G1

DEScniPTioN OP Types.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Type

i.

Head

wearing aiclicd crown from whicli (lepi'nd two fillets; in front, 6ci;i)tre, poiuiuee. Around, inscrip1.,

Across

field and l^etwecii two lines, P 7X X. Around, inscription between two circles.

tion

outer circle.
[Cf. PI.

XXXI.

1.]

Type
Similar
:

i.

var. a.

no sceptre.
I

Same.
[Cf. ri.

XXXI.

4.]

Tijpe

i.,

var.

b.

Similar;

head

r.

in

front,

sceptre,

i;)omnK'c.

Similar; grade.
5.]

inscription

in

field,

retro-

[Cf. PI.

XXXII.

Description of Coins.

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

Muncycr.

BEDEFORD.
[Bedford.]

Typei.

IHAROL-D

REX AN6L iSI60D ON BEDEFORL

,

Sigod.

Mt.
I

"JIO.

[PI.

XXXI.

1]

BRICGSTOP.
[Bristol.]

Type

i.

i-HAROLD REX AN6-

I-LEOFPINE ON BRI
Wt.
20-5.

Leofwinc.

4(V2

KNCil.ANI).

No.

Obvorao.

Revcrac.

Moneycr.

C/ENTPARABYRIG.
[( 'iuitfrl)iiry.]

Type
J

i.

4HAR0LD REX

^-EDPINE ON CANTI
M't. 20-8.
,

Edwinc.
I

ANGLO
[I'l.

XXXI.

2.]

ANS:
I

I-ELFPINE ON EAN

'

Elfwine.

Wt. 217.

CICESTRIE.
[Chichester.]

Type

i.

^HAROLD REX T^NC

Var. No crown.
fillets

J^/ELFPINE ON CICEl
"\Vt.

JElfwine.
,

to
I

20

3.

[PI.

XXXI.

3.]

Al

HhSODFINE ON EICE:
Wt. 217.

Godwine.

COLECEASTRE.
[ColcLcster.]

Type

i.

var. a.

^-HSROLD REX SN6L

,

-^PVLFPI

ON COLEC
Wt.
,.

Wiilfwi

20-2.

(Wulfwig

or

AVulfwine).

COLEIE$T
Wt.
iy-5.

DEORABY.
[Dcrl.y.]

Type
9
'

i.

'p'HAROLD REX

AC.-.

^FRON ON DEORBI
Wt. 210.

>

Fron
(

= Froma?).

HAROLD
Obverse.

II.

463
Moneyer.

Reverse.'

DOFERAN.
[Dover.]

Type

i.

vnr. a.

^HAROLD REX AN6L0RVI

Var.

4^CINSTAN ON DOFI
A\t. 20-8.

Cinstan.

Inner circle around bust.

^HAROLD REX AN6L

i

^PVLFPVRD ON DO
Vur.

Wulfward.
3.

7X

q
Wt. 20

[PI.

XXXI.

4.]

EOFERFIC.
[York.]

Type

i.

^HAROLD REX

AN6I

-^ALEOF ON EOFER
Wt.
17-5.

Alcof.

AN6L
AN6I

I^ERNEETEL ON EOF
Wt.
20-3.

Erncefel = Arncetel).
loectel.

"MOCETEL ON EOFER:
Wt.
21-5.
,

AN6L

^-lOCETL ON EOFER
Wt.
22-7.

^LEISINE ON EOFRI
Wt. 21o.

Lcisinc
(
I

= Leitinc?).

[n. XXXI.

5.]

^HAROLD REX ANG

18

^OVCGRIM ON EOF
Wt. 22
0.

Oirl'-rim.

"t'HAROLD REXI [AN]6L| f-OVCVLF ON EOFERP

Wt. 21
2.

OuiSulf.

19

AN6L

'i'SN/EBEORN ON EON
Wt.
20-2.

Sn.-cbcorn.

20

Wt.
2]

21-5.

ANGLO

I3VTERE

ON EOFER
Wt. 21
2.
i

Sutere.

It;

KSCI.WI).

Moneyer.

22

+HAROLD REXI AN6L0 -^eVTERE ON EOFER

AN6L
-i-BPEARTCOL ON EOl
Wt.
20-7.
!

23

Swcartcol.

'

24

ANS

^-VLFCETEL ON EOF
Wt. 20
0.

Ulfcetel.

EXECESTER.
[Exeter.]

Type
25

i.

4.HAR0LD REX AN,

^LEOFDINE ON EXEC
AVt.

Leofwine.

210.

Type
26

i.

vnr. a.

^HAROLD REX

ANGL-.-

^BRIHTRIC ON EXE
Wt. 20
0.

Brihtric.

27

AN6L

i-LIFINE

ON EXECESTR
Wt.
20-5.

Lifinc.

GIFELCEASTER.
[Ilchcster.]

Type
28

i.

}<HAROLD REX ANGL

-^/EGLPINE ON 6IFELC ^gelwine.

Wt. 200.

29

^HAROLD REX

1\6
'

J.IESLPINE ON GIF
Wt. 200.

Type
30

i.

rar. a.
1

i<HAROLD REX

-l^/EGLPINE
0.]

ON GIFE:
Wt.
20-2.

^gehvine.

SNGLO
[I'l.

XXXI.

GILDEFORDA.
[Guildford.]

Type
81

i.

i<HAROLDE ANGL[PI.

I'LEOFPOLD ON 6ILDI
Wt.
19-3.
7.]

Leofwold.

XXXI.

HAROLD
No.

II.

4(55

466
No.

ENGLAND.
Obvone. Revene.
Moneycr.

Tijjtr

i.

r(ir. n.
I

4HAR0LD REX AN6L0

[Pi.

-i^LEOFSTAN ON HA
Wt. 212.
10]

LcofataD.

XXXI.

H/ESTINGA.
[Hustings.]

Tijpe
10
I

i.

-t-HAROLD REX

"I-OEODRED ON /EST
Wt.
l'J-7.

puodrcd.

AN6L0

HEREFORD.
[Hereford.]

Type
41

i.

I'HAROLD REX 7\N6

"I^EDRIC

ON

Edric.

HEREFOR
Wt. 20
G.

HUNTENDUNE.
[Huntiugdou.]

Type
42

i.

var. a.

^'HAROLD REX AN6

[I'l.

1<60DYINE

ON HVNIED
Wt. 213.

Godwine.

XXXI.

11]

L/EPES.
[Lcwfs.]

Ti/pi

i.

43

+ HAROLD REX

AN:
ANIO

i-60DPINE

ON LEPE:
Wt. 21
U.
j
'

Godwine.

44

^LEOFFARD ON
LEPE:
Wt. 20
S.

Loofward.

[I'l.

XXXI

12.]

HAROLD
No.
Obverse.

II.

4G7
Moneyer.

Reverse.

45

'i'HAROLD REX AN6Li'HALOLD REX ANS

1

i^OSrOLD ON LEPEI
Wt. 2 10.

Oswold.

4G

"fO^POLD ON LEPEEI
Wt. 210.

LEHERCEASTER.
[Leicester.]

Tijiw.

i.

47

^HAROLD REX

Al
[PJ.

i^/EeLPlNE
L]

ON LEHRI
Wt.
20-2.

iEgclwiuo.

XXXIL

LEIGECEASTER.
[Chester.]

Tijx>e

i.

48

HhHAROLD REX AN[PI.

^^ALXXI
2.]

ON LLE6EC
Wt. 210.

Alxxi
(

= ^lfsig?).

XXXII.

LINCOLNE.
[Lincoln.]

Type
49

i.

^HAROLD REX

Al

^/ELFGEAT ON
LINCOI
Wt. 20
0.

^Ifgcat.

50

Wt. 100.
51

I-HAROLD REX AN6L

CALMER ON LINCO
Wt. 220.

Aimer ( = rimer?
cf.

Wuliiiir).

52

AN6L
rri.

i^PVLMER
3.]

Wulmer
(Wulfmror).
I

Wt. 231.

XXXII.

2 u 2

lf)8

KNULANI).

No.

HAROLD
No.

II.

469

170

ENOLANI).

No.

ObYtne.

Reverse.

Money er.

ROFECEASTER.
[Unclicstcr.]

Type
70

i.

lHAROLD REX ANGL-: 4<LE0FcnTAN ON ROFI

Wt. 2 10.
[PI.

lAoktan.
'

XXXII.

G.]

RUMENEA.
[Romney.]

Typp
80

i.

rnr. n.

IHAROLD REX AN6L

J-PVLM/ER ON RVMEI
Wt.
18-5.

Wulmscr
(Wulfinjcr).

SCEFTESBYRIG.
[Shaftesbury.]

Type
81

i.

i<H7\R0LD

REX TN60 ^SODRIE ON SCEFTES

i

Godric.

Wt. 180.
7.]

[PI.

XXXII.

SNOTINGAHAM.
[Nuttingliaru.]

Type I
82

I'HAROLD REX AN6L: "^FORNA

[

ON SNOTIh
AVt.

Fornfi?

200.

83

AN6-L MVIANNA ON ZNOT

I

Manna.

Wt.

17-3.

ST/ENIG.
[Steyning.]

Type
81

i.

'I'HAROLD REX ANGLOi t'DERMON ON ST/ENI

I

Dormon
()?ermou?).
I

Wt. 21
8.]

o.

[PI.

XXXII.

HAROLD
No.
Obverse.

II.

471

UeverBC.

IMunpycr.

STANFORD.
[Stamford.]

Tyjyei.

85

^HAROLD REX ANSL

"^HAROLD REX SN

pBRVNriNE ON STA
Wt. 21
3.

Brunwine.

86

'i'LEOFPINE

ON STAN
Wt.
21-8.

Loofwino.

SUDGEPEORC.
[Southwark.]

Type
87

i.

^HAROLD REX ANGLO ^OSMVND ON SVDEP

!

O.smund.

Wt. 177.

P/ERINCPIC.
[Warwick.]

Type

i.

^HAROLD REX AN6LO

!

iLVFFINC
0.]

ON PEARP
Wt.
21-2.

Luffinc
(

= Liiinc).

[PI.

XXXII.

PALINGAFORD.
[Walliiigford.]

Type
89

i.

^HAROLD REX ANGLO'

[I'l.

^^BVRCPINE ON PALIN
Wt. 20
0.

Burgwine.

XXXII.

10.]

t-HAROLD REX ANG

fSPEARTLINL ON PAL
Wt. 20
5.

Swcartlmg.

172

ENGLAND.
Obvorao.

No.

Bcvornc

Moncycr.

PERHAM.
[Wurclmm
]

Trjpc

i.

91

i'HAROLD REX

7\N

^SPEMAN ON FERH
Wt.
r.) 0.

Swetman.

FILTUNE.
[Wilton.]

Type
92

i.

^HAROLD REX AN

i'/ELFPOLD

ON PILT
\\'t.

200.

i^lfwold or Alfwold.

93

AN6L
AN6L
7\NI

i^/ELFPOLD

ON

PILTI
19-2.

Wt.
94
PI

LTV

Wt. 180.
95

^"HAROLD REX

PITV
18-5.

Wt.
9G

i-HAROLD REX AN6L

iHffROLD

ON- PITVI
Wt. 200.

97

REX ANI
,,

t'/ELPOLD ON PILTVI
Wt.
19-4.

98

T^N

I-ALFPOLD ON PILTV
Wt. 19
7.

99

^HAROLD REX ANG-L- "i^ALPOLD

^HAROLD REX AN6L
[PI.

Wt.
100

19-4.

I'EENTPINE ON

PITI Wt. 18 8.

Centwinc.

XXXII. 11]
PITAl
Wt. 19
:>.

101

JHAROLD REX

AI

102

't'HAROLD REX AN6L

^CENPINE ON PILT:
Wt. 190.

103

^HAROLD REX

1\\

I-G/ENTPIHE

OH
Wt

PI

201.

HAROLD
Obversp.

IT.

473
Rfvcrsc.

Moneyer.

I-HAROLD REX

Al

iRENTPINE

ON
PILTVN
Wt.
20- 1.

R(ntwine( =
Kentwiue?).

I-HAROLD REX AN60L f'PlNVS ON PILTIA

Wt.
7^1

Winus.

10-9.

4PINVS

ON PILTVN
\Vt.

201.

PINGEASTRE.
[Winchester.]

Tupe

i.

IH7\R0LD REX aN

^/ELFPINE ON PINE
Wt. KJO.

-iElfwiue.

AN6L
All

^ANDERBODE ON
Wt.

P
11)7.

Anderboda.

I'ANDERBODE ON
Wt.

PI
17-4.

Pll

Wt. 180.

ANSL:' ^ETXSTN/ER ON PIN

I

Eastnasr.

Wt.

ll)-5.

ANLO

'

t'GOLDPIN PINCEEI
Wt.
19-8.

Goldwinc.

t'HAROLD REX AN6L;' ^HEADE>I ON >IC

I

IloatScwi.

Wt. 210.

ANS:

4^LE0FP0LD ON PIN
Wt.
12.]
21-2.

'

LcofwoM.

[n. XXXII.

"l^HAROLD EX AN l-HAROLD REX AN6L

;

I-LEOFPOLD ON
t'LIFIC

PIN! Wt. ISO.

Lifinc.

ON PINCE3T
wt.
15-4.

All

>^SPRACELIN6 ON
'^SPEARLING ON

P: Wt. 21 4.
PI

Pinaoclinp.

7\N6

Pw(

arlinij or

Wt,210.

S\vc;irtliiii:(cr.

Swoartinp).

"l-HAROLD REX AN6L:

^SPEARTLING ON

PI
0.

Wt. 20

171

ENGLAND,
Obvorac.
Rcvrrnc.

No.

Moneycr.

120

+HAROLD REX AN6L: 4<SPEARTINS ON

Wt.

PI
ia-5.

Swcarling.

OEOTFORD.
[Tliotford.]

Type
121

i.

i-HAROLD REX N6LI

-i^/EDEPiNE

ON OITFO
Wt.
20-0.
j

^Egclwinc.

122

ANG

'

"^GODRIC ON OEOTI
Wt. 20
7.
I

Gcxlric.

12:?

4^)VR60D

ON GEOT.
Wt.
l.S-7.

purged.

UNCERTAIN MINT.
Tyi^
124
i.

^HAROLD REX ANG

I^BLAGEMAN ON
iBRIHTM/ER

Blaceman.

(Broken.)
125

ON
Wt.

Brihtmser.

20-0.

INDEXES.

; ;

I. GENEKAL INDEX.
*^*

The uumbLrB

in this

Index, and in
p(i(je

tlic

following Indexes, refer to the

in tlie Cutulogue.

^Ifwyn, dau.

of ^Ethelfla;d, betrothed
li. .;

A.
^Ifgifu,
Ixxvii.
first

toR(5gnaldof Xorthumbria,
II.,

lix.

wifo of .Ethelrcd

iEthandnne, battle

of,

xxxv.

^thelbald,
first

k. of
;

Wessex, defeated at
rebellion
;

.^Ifgifu (Alfifa),

wife or mistress

Oekley, xxiv.
xxvi.
n.,

of,

xxiv.,

of Cnut, Ixxxvii.

xxvii.

receives
n.,

kingdom
Ixix.
;

of

.^Ifgifu

(Emma), second wife of iEtlieland of Cuut.

Ixxix.

Wessex, xxv., xxvi.

marriage, xxvii.
;

his

red

II.,

See

Emma.

death,
of

it.

..Elflieah,

Abp. of Canterbury, martyr-

Coinage
xxvii., 21
71.

rarity
;

his

coins,
21.

dom

of,

moncyers and coins,

iElfred,

battle

of

Ashdowu,
xxxiii.
;

xxxii.
(7/.
;

-iEthelbearht, marriage with Berchta,

besieges Vikings in Nottingham,

accession,
xxxii.,
;

dau. of Charibert, xxv.

accession to

defeated

throne of Kent, xxvii.

xxviii.;

and Wessex,
22

at Wilton, xxxiii.
iu

attacks Gu'Sorm
;

Viking
:

raids, ib.
list of,
;

Wareham, xxxiv.
;

destroys Viking

Coinage
coin-types,
iEthelflaed,

moneyers,
;

ileet, ib.

retires to ililthelney, xxxv.

ib.

coins, 23-2G.

defeats

Gu^orm

at
ih.

yEthandune, and
;

Lady of the Mercians, mar;

divides kingdom,
xxxvi.
;

bis government,

riage, xxxvii.
li.,

building of the burgs,

li.

rebuilds London, xxxvii.

lii.

death,

siege of Exeter, xxxviii.

.^Ethelney, refuge of iElfred in, xxxv.

Coinage

types

of,

imitated

by

iEihelrcd
of

I.,

accession, xxviii.

battle

Vikings, &c., xxxiii.,

xlvii.
;

xli.-xliii., xlvi.,

Ashdown and
;

siege of Nottingib.

with monogram of London.

xxxvii.,

ham, xxxii.
Coinage
:

death,

xxxiv.,

xxxix.
;

causes

of

moueyers,
coins,

list of,

27

large issues, xxxvi.

issues
;

and types
moueyers,

Coin-types, ib.;
bust, 28
iEtlielred
Biibriijiiet
;

28-31 (with

of coins, xxxviii.-xlviii.
list

without bust, 31).

II.,

of,

32

coin-types,

33
;

coins,

accession,

Ixx.

his

38-82 (with mint name, 38

without

of 'Unready,' ib.; causes

;

mint name,
iElfred,
in

55).

of decline of power, Ixxi.

opposition
of

the jEtheling,
Ixxix.
;

takes
bis

refuge

to

Vikings,

Ixxiii.

treachery

Normandy,

munler,

thanes

and

caldormcn,

Ixxv.
uf

Ixxxvii.
iElfric, the
Ixxiii.

attacks Cuml)crlaud and

tiie Isle

ealdorman, his treachery,

Man,
Ixxvi.
;

ib.

massacre

of
;

St.

liriee,

moTiiage, Ixxvii.

bribes the

; ;

478
DiinoB, Ixxvlii.
(light to
;

I.

GENEUAL

INDEX.
dau.
of Cliarles the

Normandy

.Iiulilh,

Bald,

anil return, Ixxix.

i10tliclrtl

death, Ixxx.
:

xxv.

divides

kingdom with
of

./Ethel-

II.,

Coinage

inoncyera
;

bald, XXV., xxvi. n.

largely Scandinavian, xlvi.

coinage,

C(jinage
classification

moneyers
of
;

xvii.

Ixxx.;
dinavia,
lation

coinH

of,
;

found
tiicir

in

Scan-

oin-tyjies,

xxvi.,
ih.
ib.

Ixxxi.

wide circu-

xxvii.
list

coins struck in

Kent,

and imitation by ScandiuaIxxxii.,

of moneyers, 9

coin-typee,

vianH,

cxxv.
;

with

name
of,

coins,

13-20 (with mint name, 13;

of Dublin,
tyie,

Ixxxiii.
;

double cross
list

without mint name, 15).

yEthered, Abp. of

Ixxxix.

moneyers,
;

Canterbury, coin-

li7;

coin-types, 202

coins,

208-242

types similar to

iElfretl's, xxxviii.

(blunileiod coins, 241).

Alphabetical forms used in Catalogue,

ci.

iEthelred, Lord of Mercia, marriage,

xxxvii.
;

no coins
at

of,

ib.

defeats

Army, standing,
Ixxxiv.

instituted

by Cnut,
constitu-

Vikiugd

Buttington,

xxxviii.
;

Governor of London, xxxix.

li.

death,

'Army,' the, of Vikings,

tion

its

and leadership, xxx.

defeats

iEthclstan, accession,

Ivi.

war with

Amulf, Emp. of Germany,

Vikings, xlix.

Nortbumbria,

Ix.
;

adds York to his

kingdom,
princes,
(7*.

ib.

opposed by British
;

Arrangement of coins
Art of
later

in Catalogue, xi.
coins,

his jjower, Ixi.

relations

Ang. -Saxon
of,

cause of

with Ilarald of Norway,

IScotland
Ixiii.
;

ib.;

war with

decadence

cxxiv.

of earlier coin-

and battle of Brunanbiirg,

ib.

ages, sceattas

and pennies, cxxvL

killed

death,
:

Asbjom,
no coins
for

Earl,

at

Ashdown,
mint
of,

Coinage
Kent, xxvi.

strikes
;.
;

xxxii.

moneyers, Frankish
xlv.
;

Ashdown,

battle of,

xxxii.;

and Scandinavian,
coing

titles
;

on

notice, cxi.

and

charters, Ixi., Ixii.

coinage
Ixii.
;

Assandune, battle
Austin,
ISIr.,

of,

Ixxx.

marks extent of conquests,

coins of York,
relating
to
Ixvii., Ixviii.
cviii.
;

his coin of ^Ethelbald, 21;.

laws
of

mints,

list

moneyers,
coins,

101

coin-types,

103

B.
Bivgsieg,

105-131 (with

mint

name,

Viking king, killed at Ash-

105; without mint name, 115).

iEthelstan, sou of iEthelwulf, his rule
in

down, xxxii.
Bakewtll, burg built by Eadweard
Hi.
I.,

Kent, xxvi. n.
.Sthelied
I.,

..ilthihvald, son of

rebel-

Baldred,

k.

of

Kent,
;

defeated
of,

by

lion of, xlviii.

elected king of Nortb-

jEthelwulf, xiv.

coins

imitated

umbria,

ib.

defeated at Holme, xlix.

k.

by Ecgbeorht,

xix.

iEthelwulf,

of

Wesaex,
;

defeats

Baldwin, Count of Flanders, marriage

with Judith, widow of .^thclbald,
xxviii.

Baldreil, k. of Kent, xiv.

.

accession,
;

xxiii.

battle of Ockley, xxiv.

to

pil-

grimage

Rome and

marriage with

Bamborough stormed by Dunes,

Ixxiii.

; :

I.

GENERAL
xl.,

INDEX.
and .^thelllajd

479

Bath, coins
xli.

of,

struck by Alfred,

weard
of, lii.
;

I.

l.-liii.

list

See also Index of Mints.

illustrated
I., Ivi.
'

by coins of Ead-

Bcaduheard, the port-reeve, slain by

the Vikings, xxi.

weard

Burgs,' the
of BretWiilda, xv.

Five, jurisdiction and

71.,

list

Boda, and

tlie title

of, xliv., xliv.

lix.

form of govern;

Bedford, 'army

of,'
I.,

xxx.
Hi.;

burg built
of,

ment, republican,
'

liv.
ib.
;

increased to

by Eadweard
Bedwin, mint

Bloneyers
&c., Ixix.

Seven

Burgs,'

incorporated
Iv.,

under Eadwig, Eadred,

of, cix.
;

into the

West-Saxon kingdom,

notice

of, cxi.

Ixv., l.xviii.

Beorhtric, k. of Wessex, marriage and

death,
xiii.

Bust on

coins, origin of
of, ih. of,

type, cvii.

portraiture
k. of

Beorhtwulf,

Mercia, defeated by

Buttington, battle

xxxviii.

Rorik, the Dane, xxiv.

Beoruwulf,

k. of

Mercia, defeated at
;

EUandune,

xiv.

death, xv.

c.
Cadbury, mint
of, notice, cx.i.

Berchta, dau. of Charibert, marriage

with iEthelbearht of Kent, xxv.

Cambridge, taken by Guthorm, xxxv.

xli.,
'

Blundered pennies, of
xlii.,

Alfred,

army

'

of,

submits to Eadweard

I.,

41-45, 79, 82;

II.,

of ^thelstan,
242.
5.

liv.

119; of ^thelred

Camelford, battle

of,

xiv.

Boyne,

\V., his

coin of Ecgbeorht,

CANT and DOR

wulf, xxvi.

Bl,

on coins of iEthel-

Bremesburg (Bramsbury), burg

by
yEthelilajd,
li., lii.

built

Canterbury, types of coins, imitated

Bretwalda,

title of, xv.

of, cix.
;

by Ecgbeorht,
notice
of, cxi.

xix., xx.

attacked
;

Brcwton, mint

by Rorik, the Dane,

xxiii.

mint

of,

Bribes to Vikings and Danes, xxxii.,

xxxiii., Ixxiii., Ixxv., Ixxviii.

and edict of Grcatley,

Carolingian coinage,
its

cix.

early influence
cxxiii.

Brice,

I\Ir.

W., his coin of iEthelbald,

on English coinage, xc,

21 n.

Carolus-monogram
mint

of

Charlemagne

Bridgnorth, burg built by .^Etholloid,

li., lii
;

copied by Ecgbeorht, xx., xc.

Castle
Rising,
of,

mint

of, notice, cxii.

notice, cxii.

Brihtnoth, the ealdoiiuan, deflated at

See aho Roiseng.

Ceolno?!,

Maldun,

Ixxii.
of, Ixiii.

Abp. of Canterbury, copied

of Ecgbeorht, xx.
of
ISIercia,

Brunanburg, battle
Bruton.

mouugram type
I'eolwulf
I.,

Set Brcwton.
built ljy

k.

types

Buckingham, burg
I., lii.

Eadweard

of
xix.

coins

imitated

by

Ecgbeorht,

Buildings, types

of,

on coins,

Ivi., cvii.

Ccolwulf
xx.\iii.,

II., k.

of Blercia, accession,
;

Burgrcd,

k.

of

]\Iercia,
;

attackLd by
llalfilan,

xxxiv.

coiu-tyie also used

;

Vikings, xxxii.
xxxiii.

deposed by

by Ilalfdan, xxxiv., xxxviii.

and

by Alfred,
of, in

xxxviii., xxxix.
iiis

Burgs, building

England, Fmncr,
1.;

Charibert, k. of Paris, marriage of

and Germany,

xlis.,

by Ead-

dau. Berchta to iEthelbeurhl, xxv.

; ;

SI) 4.

I.

GKNEHAL
xiii.
;

INDEX,

Cliiirlcinai,'!"'

nccivcH Er^bt orht,

iiuitiitcd

GNUT

on coins of TElfred,

xl.

on

roin-tyjH-a

by

Erf,'btorht,

coius in Cuerdule Find, xlvii.

XX.;

XriHliuiiii

Uoligio'

typo,

Coonwulf,
Mercia,

8on
xiii.
;

of

Offa,

coinage

for

21

n.
tliu
IJiilil

coin-type imitated by

ChiirlcB

revivea
xx.
;

Kiirolua-

Ecgbeorht, xix.
Coinage,
rigiit
its historical

inonoKmin
Judith
t<)

tyjK',

nmrriago of

value, &c.,

xiii.

i-Etholwiilf, XXV.

of not

exercised

by under-

Clinrk'S tlie Simple, marriage to

)j^ifu, Ixi.

Ead-

kings, xxvi.
Coins, arrangement
xi.
;

of, in

Catalogue,
in

Charinouth, defeat nf the English by

Vikiiiga at, xxii.
Cliartors, titles of -.Ethclstuu on,
Ixii.
;

number
for

of

Anglo-Saxon coins
xi., xii.
;

National Collection,
Ixi.,

i&jUfs

of,

payment of

taxes, tributes,

accuracy of names

in, xcviii.

&c., Ixxxi., cxxiv.

Chcrbury, burg built

li.,

by

iEtliclflad,

Colchester, burg built by

lii.
;

Eadweard

I.,

Hi.

mint

of,

and

edict of Greatley,

Chester, restored

by

uEthelflffid,

li.

cix.

coius of .^thelstan
Ixii.
;

struck

at,

li.,

Combe, Taylor, on coin

21 .

(jf

.^thclbald,

ravaged by Vikings,

Ixxii.

Chester or Leicester, coins

Chichester,

of, Iv. n.

Conn's Half.
of

See Leth-Cuind.
III., k. of

mint

of,

and

edict

Constantine
coalition

Scotland, joins
Ix.

Greatley, cix.

against

jEtliclstan,

ChipjKnham taken by Guthorni, xxxv.

Cletlemutha (Gladniouth), burg built

rebellion of, Ixiii.

Corbridge, mint
Cross, double,

of, notice, cxiii.

by Eadweard
Cnut,
invasion
;

I.,

Hi.

on

coins, its fiscal sig-

of,

xxix.

proclaimed
ib.

nificance, Ixxxix.

king, Ixxix.

returns to England,
;

Crown on

coins of Cnut, its

origin,

battle of Assandune, Ixxx.

treaty

Ixxxix., xci., cvii., cxxv.

of Olney and king of all England,

ib.
;

Cuerdale Hoard, Viking imitations

xxxix.
;

in,

extent of rule, Ixxxii., Ixxxiii.

coins

of, xiii., xlvi.

Northdebased

institutes Btiindiug

army and

fleet,

umbrian coins

in,

xlvii.

Ixxxiv.

his policy
;

and government,

penny of

.-Elfred in,

37
to

n.

Ixxxiv.-lxxxvi.

endowment

of

Cumberland, granted
Scotland, Ixix.
;

Malcolm

I.

of

churches and monasteries, Ixxxv.

division of his dominions, Ixxxvii.

attacked by iEtbel-

red

II.,

Ixxv., Ixxvi.

Coinage - coins with his name

:

struck at Dublin, Ixxxiii.

coins (helmeted liead

types of

and crowned
cxxv.
;

D.
Danebrog, on coins of Cuut,
Danegeld, nature
Ixxviii.
;

bust) Ixxxix.,
of, xc.
;

xci., cvii.,

mints

xcii.

coin- types, their chronological

;

of,

and

origin, xxxiii.,

order, xci.

types copied by Scandi;

levy

of,

by

Harthacnut,

navians, cxxiv.
'2i:?;

list
;

of

moneyers,

Ixxxviii.

coin-types, 248

coins, 255-301

Danish invasions of England,

Ixxiii.,

Ixxii.,

(uucvrtuiu mints, 301).

Ixxv. -Ixxx.

(attacks

on

;;

I.

GENERAL
Thanct,

INDEX.
k.

481
of

Southhampton,

Chester,

Dufnall,

Strathclyde,
Ixx.

rows

Padstow, Dorchester, London, and

Watcliet, Ixxii.
;

Eadgar on the Dee,

on Ipswich and
;

Bam-

Dunstan, Abp. of Canterbury, death,

Ixxiii.

horou^h,
ib.
;

Ixxiii.

defeat at Maldnn,

hmding

in tlie Isle of
;

Wight and
conquest of
//;.

Kent, Ixxv.

return of Svend and

;

siege of Exeter, Ixxvii.

E.
Eadgar, accession
Ixix.
;

Enghind, Ixxix.
hattles of

arrival of C'nut,

to tiironc of Mercia,
all

Pen Selwood and Assan-

king

of

England,

ib.;
;

dune and treaty of Oluey, Ixxx.) See

also under Vikings, invasions of.

Howel in North Wales, ih. confirms Cumberland to Malcolm

assists

Danish kings
Ixxxix.

iu

England, coinages

of,

of Scotland, Ixx.;

the row on the

Dee,
distin-

ib.

laws

of,

confirmed

by

Danish and Viking invasions

guisliod, xxxi.

Cnut, Ixxxiv.

Coinage

mints

of,

Ixx.

list

of

Danish, Viking, and

Norman

invasions

money ers,
coins,

163;

coin -types,

1G5;

contrasted, xxviii., xxix.

168-190

(with

mint

namo
the

Darenth, mint

of, cix.

notice

of, cxiii.

168

without mint name, 175).

Delgany Hoard, monogram-type

of Ecgbeorht
xxii.
iu,

coins
of,

Eudgifu,

mariiage

to
Ixi.

Charles

xx.

account

Simple of France,

Eadgith, marriage to Otto

early coin-types
of, cojiied
Ixi.

I.,

Emptror,

Denmark,

from English

coins, Ixxxii.
at,

Eadhild, marriage to

Hugh

the Great,

Derby, coins of Jithclstan struck

Ixii.

duke of France,
'

Ixi.

Eadmund, the Five

of,

Burgs,' subjection
;

Dereham, mint
Dies,

notice, cxiii.
civ.,

of, Iv.

accession, Ixiii.

attacked by

how

supplied, xcviii.,

ex.

Olaf Quaran and Wulfstau of York,

Ixiv.
;

process of engraving inscriptions on,

xcix.

treaty

with,

ib.
;

baptism of

Olaf

Domesday,

on

supply

of

dies

to

East Anglia and the Five Burgs to his

Ixiv.
;

Quaran,

adds

Worcester, Hereford, &c.,

Dorchester, mint

civ. u.

dominions, Ixv.

defeat of Olaf and

of, notice, cxiii.

Ragnald
murder
of,

of
ib.;

Northumbria,

//*.

Dore, submission of Nortlimubriuiis to

extent of power in

Ecgbeorht

at, xv.

Nurthumluia,
on
coin.s

Ixvi.

DORIBl and

CANT

of

Coinage

Prankish
York,

and ScanIxviii.;

iEthclwuli', xxvi.

dinavian moneycrs,
xl.
of,

xlv., xlvi.; coins

Ixvii.,

'Dorobornia' on coins of Jilfnd,

Dorstat,
xlvi.

struck
list

at

Swedish

cojjies

of

coins

of

moneyers,
coins
121
;

122; coin-tyix's,

12:?;

124-141 without

(with

mint
name,

Double-cross

type,

its

fiscal

signifi-

name,
12.1).

mint

cance, Ixxxix.

Dublin, coins
rcil

of,

with names of ^Elliel-

Eadnnnid
I);infs,

(Inmsidc)
Ixxix.
:

opposes

the
Ixxx.
:

ir.

nni] ('mil. Ixxviii.

ac<>rs.>inn,

; ;

482
botlU'B of

I.

OENKKAL
eiioiston,

INDEX.
Ixviii
il}.

Ptn Hclwofxl,

Eadwig, accession,
larity, Ixix.
;

liis

unpoim-

nn<l Aiwiiniliiiu', ih.; trcKily of

i7).
;

Olnoy,

d( ath,

(lunth,

ib.

Coinage
Coinage

Frankish and Scamlixlvi.

list
;

I'jiiliimnd

(IridiHidt'),

: no

navian moneyers,
at York, Ixviii.
;

enins struck

cdiiiH I'xfiiiit,

213

H.
;

of moneyers,
coins,
;

Eiiiln

(I,

acrcssion, Ixvi.

ullepiancc of
ih.;

156;

coin-types,

156;

158-

^V^llf^t^m, Al)i). of
IUi)?iix
ih.
;

York,

Erik

1G2 (with mint name, 158

without

driven
il>.

from Nortliumbria,

mint name,
I'^iidwine,

IGO).

dtalli,

earl

of

Mercia, rivalry of

Coinage

Franki-sli
Ixviii.
;

nnd Sran;

To.stig, xciv.

dinavian moncycrs,
of

xlv., xlvi.
;

coins
of
;

Ealgifu,

marriage
Ixi.

to

Louis,

k.

of

York,

Ixvii.,

list

Provence,

moneyern,
coins,

112

coin-types,

143

Ealhstan, bp. of Sherborne, defeat of

141-155 (with

mint

name,

Baldred, k. of Kent, xiv.

144; without mint name, 141).

Earbbtms established
Cnut, Ixxxvi., xc.
;

in

England by

Kadrcd, of

Berniein, joItis

coalition

rivalry of, xciv.

against iEtlielstan, Ix.

East Anglia, kings

Mercia,
xiii.
; ;

of, their relation to

Eadrio

Striona,

treachery at Assan-

supremacy of Ecgbeorht
xxiii.,

dunc, Ixxx.; accused of murder of

Endiiiund
Ixxxiii.
;

over, XV.

ravaged by Vikings,

Ironside,

ih.

deatli,

xxxii.

Viking settlement
;

in (a.d.

made
llio

Karl

of

Jlercia,

866), xxviii.

foundation of Viking
;

Ixxxvi.

kingdom
EMcr,
;

in,

xxxv., xxxvi.

Frankish
of, xliv.

Eadweard
lington,

battle

of Biit;

moneyers' names on coins

submission of Vikings
of,

xxxviii.

a'^ces^ion, xlviii.

to

Eadinto

dofents yEthelwald of Nortliumbria at

weard

I.,

liv.
;

incorporated

Holme,

xlix.

treaty
;

with

Wessex, Ixv.
earls, ih.
;

government of the
of,

Guthorm
titles,
1.
;

P^irikseon,

1., liii.

his royal
ib.
;

earldom
of,

established,

incorporates Mercia,
l.-liii.
;

Ixxxiv.

rivalry

xciv.
xiii.,

building of the burgs,

burgs, Hi.
;

list

of

Ecgbeorht, flight

to

France,
;

xiv.

captures Tcmpsford from

liv.
;

his conijuest^, xiii.

his policy
;

and

Vikings,

submission

of

the

wars

with Wales, xiv.

ih.
;

battle of

Danes,
flected

i7>.

character of reign reIv.

Ellandunc,
XV.
;

extent

of

rule,

by coinage,
:

submission of Nortliumbriims
ih.
;

Coinage
navian
coins,
1.
;

Frankish and
xlv.
; ;

Scandi-

at Dore,

supremacy over East

ib.
;

moueyers,

titles

on

Anglia and Northumbria,

feats

de-

types of coins and inscriplist

Vikings
;

at

'

Henge&tdunc,'

tions, Iv., Ivi.

of moneyers, 83

coin-types, 84; coins, 87-100 (with

xxii.

death, xxiii.
:

Coinage

probable
xvii.,

date of
xxi.
;

first

mint name, 87
87).

without mint name,

coinage,

xii.,

xx.,

his

moneyers of Kentish
IT.,
:

origin, xvii.;
;

Eadweard

accession, Ixx.

early types of coins, xvii., xx.

coin-

Coinage

list

of moneyers, 191

types derived from issues of Mercia,

coin-types, 192; coins, 192-196.

Kent, &c.,

xix.,

XX.;

Carlovingian

; ;

; ;

T.

GENERAL
xs.
1;

INDEX,
Ixvi.

183

influence on
list

early coin-type,

briii,
ib.
;

expelled,

ib.

restored,

of moncyers, 1;

coin-types,
;

his moneyers, Ixvii.

coins,

C-8 (with mint name, G

with-

Erik, earl of Norway, joins coalition

out mint name, 7).

against
receives

Olaf Tryggvason, Ixxvi.

part of
;

EcGBOR, monogram

of, 1 n.

Norway,

Ixxvii.

Eddesbury, burg built by iEthelflrcd,

li., lii.

aids Cnut, Ixxx.

made earl of NorthDanes

the

umbria, Ixxxvi.
Confessor, flight to Nor;

Edward the
mandy,
throne
ceives

Essex, added to Wesscx, xv.

of,

Ixxix.

claim

to

English
;

submit to Eadweard
Sir

I., liv.

supported,

Ixxxviii.

rexcii.

Evans,

John,

account
xxii.
;

of

support of
ib.
;

Godwin,

Delgany Hoard,
of Newport, cxvii.

n.

on mint

accession,

increase of

Norman

coinof Ecgbeorht

influence, xciii.

belonging

to, 4.

Coinage

Norman influence not

;

Exeter, retreat of

Guthorm

to,

xxxv.
;

traceable in coinage, xciii.

of,

coinage
order
of

captured by Vikings, xxxviii.

of,

coins

xcvi.

chronological
;

struck by uElfred,

xl., xli.

taken

coin-types, xcvii.

list
;

of moneyers,

by Svend of Denmark,

Ixxvii.

329

coin-types, 334

coins,

330-459

(uncertain mints, 450).

Ellandune, battle

of, xiv., xvi.

marks
first

probable date of
coinage,
xii., xvii.,

Ecgbeorht's
xx., xxi.

P.
Faatolfs,

moneyers at Thetford and

ciii.

Emma

(^Ifgifu) of Normandy, marII., l.Kxvii.

; ;

Lincoln,
'

riage to ^Etlulrcil

flics

to

Five Burgs.'

See Burgs,' the

'

Five.

Normandy,
Ixxxvii.

Ixxix.

married to Cnut,

Fleet, building of,

by iElfred, xxxv.,
Iviii.

xxxvi.,
of,

Iviii.

by Vikings,

England, state
Ixxi.
;

under .^Ethclred
Ixxxi.
; ;

II.,

standing, instituted by Cnut, Ixxxiv.

and wealth,

under

Floral designs on coins of

cvii.

Eadweard

I.,

Cnut, Ixxxvi., xcv.

successors, xcv.

under Cnut's

Forts, building
of, coins, 1 03-474.

of.

See Burgs.

England, kingdom
English
coinage,
;

Frajnc, Earl, killed at

Ashdown, xxxii.
xxiii.

its

earliest

types,

France, raid of Vikings in,

cxxii., cxxiii.

derived from MeroCaroliiigian

issues,

France and Germany, early coinages

of,

vingian
cxxii.
;

and

divergence of typos, xc.

in

distinetive nature

of, ih.
s,

Frankish coin-types
their
xlvii.

Cuerdalc Hoard,

English and Prankish coinage

early
xviii.

connection

and

separation,

Frankish moneyers' names on coins of

Wesscx, East Angliii,

of
dies,

&c., xliii.-xlvi.

Engravers

their
errors,

process

of

Friinkish and English coinages, their

early connection, xviii.
;

engraving

and

xcix.-cii.;

ceases with

whether moneyers,

xcix., cxi.
to

reign of Ecgbeorht,

xviii., xxi.
'

Erik Blo^ox, succession

throne of

Freeman, on
xix.
)'.

title

of

Rex Saxonuni,'
2 2

Norway, xxv.

n.

k.

of Nortlium-

;; ;

; ;

IS

I.

OENKltAL

INDICX.

Gu{5rura.

See

Guthorm (JEtheUtan).

Gyda, wife of Harald Fairhair, her

G.
0<oSaliiirli (Jill burffli),

tftiuit,

XXX., xxxi.
of Cnut, Ixxxvi..

mint

of,

notice,

(iyda,

ni.Hter

fxiv.
(}(

riimny,
ilffi'nt

raiilrt

of Vikinjis in, xxii.

i-inp.,

of Viking.s by Arnulf,

xlix.

coiungo

of,

its

influence on

Hafirsfjord, battle of, xxxi. n.

t\ j>i'8
(iililis,

of Cnut, xc.
liis

Ilakon, bon of HaraM, godson of iEthclstan, Ixi.

;

Mr. H.,

Coin of ^Etiiulbald,

k. of

Norway,

Ixvi.
of,

21 n.
(lti<linouth.

Hakon, Earl, attempted conversion

See Cledcniutha.
of,

xliv., Ixxiv.

and Harald,
;

k. of

Den-

Gloucester, coins
xl.

struck by iElfrcil,

mark, ixxiv.
ih.

expelled from Norway,

CuKlwiue,

Earl,

ap|)ointt'd
;

earl

of

Wossex, Ixxxvi.

opposes claim of

Hakon Eriksson, Earl, coins of, Ixxxii. made earl of Norway, Ixxxvi
Halfdan,

Harold I., Ixxxvii.; murdcrofiElfred,

tiie

Viking king,
xxxii.
;

defeated

at

.Etlieling,

ib.

supports cause
xcii.
;

Ashdown,
xxxiv.

dejwses Burgred
;

of

Edward the
xcii., xciii.

C'ouf.,
;

his

of Mercia, &c., xxxiii.

;

takes London,

power,

deatli, xciii.
II.,

coin

with Loudon mono;

Gold coin

of

^thelred
of, its

208.

gram, xxxiv., xxxvii.-xxxix.

of Northumbria, xxxiv.

king

Grealley, synod
to mints, cviii.

decree relating

Hamtune (Southampton), mint

coins,

of

and
of

(ireen, J.

H.,
II.

on 'Orsnaforda'

edict

of Greatley,

cix.

notice

xxxvii.

mint, cxv.

GulhfrilS, k. of Dublin, claims

briix, Ix.

Northumattacks

Harald Harfagr (Fairhair),

k. of

Nor-

way, marriage and succession, xxv.

tiie

(iuthnnmd,

Viking,

;i.

reproached by Gyda, xxx, xxxi.

lp^^vicll, Ixxiii.

and the Vikings of the West, xxxi.

k.

(iutliorin

(/Ethelstan),

of

East
xxxv.

hi.-5

relations with ..Ethelstau, Ixi.

Anglia,
battle

invades

Wessex,

Harald,
xxxii.

Earl,

killed

at

Ashdown,
Denmark,

of .^Ethandune
ib.
;

and baptism
East

at

Weilmorc,

receives

Harald
his

Blaatand,

k.

of

Anglia, xxxv., xxxvi.

attempted

conversion of Earl
;

Coinage:
iElfred,
xl.
;

copies
coins

coin-types
xli.,

of

Hakon,
Ixxiv.

xliv., Ixxiv.

conversion

of,

of,

xlvi.

moueyers chiefly Franks,

slii., xliv.

Harald

Hardratla,
xciv.
:

claims

throne

of

coins of, in Cuerdale Hoard, xlvii.

Norway,
xcv.
of
;

and
;

of
liis

England
invasion

Guthorm

Eirikssou, k. of East Anglia,

assists Tostig. ib.

treaties with

Eadweard

I., 1., liii.

England and death,

I.,

xcvi.
;

GuT^rcd-Cnut, k. of Northumbria, coinly|K'8 as .Eilr..rs.

xlviii.
\1..

Harold

accession, Ixxxvii.

murder
ib.
:

xlii

d( ath,

of Alfred, the

iEtheling,

his

character, Ixxxviii.

; ;

I.

GENERAL
order
;

INDEX.
Scandinavia, Ixxxi.
see also

485
;

Coiimge
xcii.
;

coin-types,
of,

of,

under

list

of moneycrs, 302

coiii-

Cuerdalc, Delgaiiy, and Skye.

tyi^es,

304; coins

307-319 (un-

Holme,
Howel,

battle of, xlix.

of, notice,

certain mints, 319).

Horndon, mint

cxv.

Harold

II.,

his influence under

Conf.,
xciv.
;

Ed-

k. of

N. Wales, joins coalition

Ix.
;

Avard the
lb.
;

accession,
;

against

^thelstan,

receives
;

rebellion

of the Earls, xciv.

ib.
;

assistance from Eadgar, Ixix.

rows

opposes Tostig,
ants,

the rival claimof

xcvi.

Eadgar on the Dee,

Ixx.

xcv.

battles

Stamford
;

Hugh

the

Great,
to

duke

of

France,

Bridge and Hastings,

ib.

death,

marriage

Eadhild, dau. of Ead-

weurd
Coinage
:

I., Ixi.

type
of,

of

coins, xcvii.
;

Hugo, Count, betrays Exeter

Ixxvii.

to

Svend,

list

of
;

moneycrs, 4G0
coins

coin-types,

461

40 1-474 (uncertain

Hunt, Mr. William, on the Huscarls and the Comitatus, Ixxxiv.

n.

mints, 474).

Hurthacnut, obtains crown of Denmark,

Ixxxvi.
Ixxxvii.
;

Huntingdon, burg built by Eadweard

I., lii.

liis riglit
;

to English throne,
;

character, Ixxxviii.

war
ih.
ib.
;

Huscarls,
Ixxxiv.
;

their

origin
of,

and

duties,

with

Magnus
ib.
;

of

Denmark,

massacre

at Worcester,

accession,

levy of danegeld,

Ixxxviii.

death,

ib.
:

Coinage
list

types
Viking,

of coins, xcii.
;

of moneycrs, 320
;

coin-types,

321

coins

of,

325-328.
takes

Hasting, the
xxxviii.

Exeter,

Iceland, conversion

of, to

Cln-istiauity,

Ixxv.
of,

Hastings, battle

xcvi.

mint of and

Imitation

of

coins

by

Vikings,
xlvi.
;

of
of

edict of Greatley, cix.

iEifred, xxxiii.,
Ciuit,
St.

xli.,

xlii.,

Helmet, pointed, on coins of

Ixxxix., xci., cvii.

Eadmund, Abp. Plcgmund,

Wcssex, laws
of,

&c.,

xlii., xlvi., xlvii.

Hengstone (Hengestdune), battle

xxii.

of,

Ine, k. of

relating to

fiuL'S, xviii.

Henry

the

Fowler,

Emperor,

his

Inheritance,

law

of,

among Scandion succession

to

liberality to the

Church, Ixxxv.
xi.
;

navian,*, its eflect

Heptarehic Kingdoms,
of,

struggles

English throne, Ixxxvi.

Inscriptions, nature of,

terminated,

xiii.

on reverses of

Hereford,

new

dies

for

coins,

how
I.,

coins, cv.

snp|>licd to, civ. n.

Ipswich attacked by Vikingn,

Ixxiii.

Hertford, burg built by

li., lii.

Eadwcard

Ireland, invasion of,

xxiii.
;

by Vikings,

xxi.,

Vikings establish

kingdom
coins

Hincmar, Abp. of Rlicims, marriage of

there, xxii., xxiii.;

English
to, xlvi.

^Ihelwulf
Hoards
of

to

Judith, xxv.
coins,

brought by Vikings
found
in

English

Irish coinage,

when

initiated, xlvi.

486
IhIo
(if

I.

QENKUAL

INDEX.

Muii

iittiK k((l

I'}'

^T-^ilulrid IF.,

Ixxv.
IIo

f
;

Wi^lit

uttuckfd

by Danes,

L.
Laws
relating to coinage of Ino
xviii.
;

Ixxv.
Ivor,

BotlleiiiLnt of, in, Ixxviii.

of,

and

llmiho

coind

of,

btruek

in

Wessex,
Leicibter,

of iEtiielstan, eviii.
liii.

Northuinbriu, Ixvi.

Viking raids from,

Leicester and Cheater, coins

of, Iv. n.

Leofa murders
J.
church, IxT.
of

Eadmuud

at Pueklc-

Jacob

(.lapn?),

k.

North

Wales,

Lcth-Cuind, or Conn's Half of Ireland,

invaded by Vikings, xxii.

rows Eadgar on the Dec, Ixx.

Jago, chiim to the throne of Wales, Ixis.

LcwcH, mint
cix.

of,

and edict

of Greatley,

Jedburgh.

See Geotaburh.

Juchill, k. of Westmoreland, rows

giir

EudBald,
;

Lincoln,
iElfied,

monogram
xxxix.

of,

on coins

of

on the Dec, Ixx.

dau.
to

See also Index of

Judith,

of

Charles

the

Types.
Liiieoliisliirc

marriage

iEtliclwulf,
xxvii.
;

xxv.

to

ravaged by Vikings,

xxiii.

.ffithclbald,

to

Baldwin,

Lindsay
Ixxiii.

jduudercd

by

the

Danes,

Couut of Flanders,
Jumieges, Robert
of,

xxviii.

Abp. of Canterxciii.

Llandaif,

Bp.
liv.

of,

taken prisoner by

bury, his influence,

Justin,
Ixxiii.

Vikings,

tho Viking, attacks Ipswich,

Loudon plundered
Halfdan, xxxiv.
xxxvii., xxxix.
;

l>y

Vikings,
;

xxiii.

by Korik the Dane, xxiv.

;

taken by

rebuilt by Alfred,

burnt by Vikings,

E.
Korolus-monogram
Kenneth,
of

Ixxii.

relieved by
;

Eadmund

Iron-

Charlemagne
rows Eadgar

side, Ixxx.

heavily taxed by Cnut,

copied by Ecgbeorht, xx., xc.

k. of Scotland,

Ixxxiii.

Coinage

monogram
cf,

of,

on coin

on the Dec, Ixx.

Kent, under kings of Wessex, xvi.
Bi
;

of Halfdan, xxxiv., xxxvii.-xxxix.

on coins of Alfred, xxxiv., xxxvii.,

xxxix.
:

parate kingdom,

ib.

ravaged by
;

mint

and

edict

of

Vikings,

xxiii., xxxviii.

kingdom

of,

Greatley, cix.

united with Wessex, xxxvi.

>

Louis, k. of

Provtuce,

marriage to
I., Ixi.

Coinage

types of coins imitated

xix.
;

Ealgifu, sister of

Eadweard
k. of

by Ecgbeorht,
the south
xviii.
;

predominant

in

Louis d'Outremer,
Ixi.

West Franks,

till

death of ^thelbuld,
of,

uuder-kings

strike

no

Louis the Pious,

type on coins

'

Xristiana Eeligio"

coins, xxvi.

of, 27, n.

Kent, kings
xiii.

of,

their relation to Mercia,

Lowiek, mint

of, notice, cxvi.

Ludiciin, k. of Mercia, death, xv.

title of,

King, meaning of

among Vik-

Luffwiik.

See Lowiek.
of,

ings, XXX., xlvii., n.

Lymnc, mint

notice, cxvi.

; ;

; ;
;

I.

GENERAL

INDEX.

487
of,

Mercia and Northumbria, rivalry

xiii.

M.
Maccus,
k.

Mercia and Wessex, rivalry

aasists
:

of, xiii.

of

Man,
Ixxii.
;

Jago in

Merovingian coins, their types copied

Wiiles, Ixix.,

bis allegiance

on English

coins, cxxii., cxxiii.

to

Eadgar, Ixix.

rows Eadgar on

Mints, classification of coins of Wessex

witli

the Dee, Ixx.

mint names, xxvi.

increase

of,

Magnus Maxiinus, type

of solidua imi;

in reign of Eadgar, Ixx.; of .Sthelstan

tated by Halfdan, xxxiv., xxxviii.

mark conquests of Eadweard

names
placis,
of, earliest
S:c.,

I., Ixii.
;

and by Alfred and Ccolwulf

Mercia, xxxviii.

II.

of

forms, cv.

mint
of,

cviii.-cxxi.

(growth

Magnus the Onod, k.

cession, Ixxxviii.
;

of Norway, &c., achis

cviii.-cx.
to,

laws of iEthelstan relating

Sjnaod of Greatley,
ib.
;

compact with

cviii.

Harthacnut,

ih.
;

claims throne of
divides

right of coinage granted to religious

hou.ses, cix.
tion, ex.
;
;

Denmark,

xcii.

kingdom
;

difficulties of identificat6.

with Harald Hardrada, xciv.

ib.
;

death,

a source of revenue,

claims English throne,

receives

ib.

uncertain and

new

mints, notices of,

Malcolm
Dee,

Cumberland

from
tiie

cxi.-cxx.)
cxxiii.

historical

importance

of,

Eadgar, Ixx.; rows Eadgar on

ib.
I.,

See also Index of Mints.

of,
;

Mints, notices
Hi.

&c.

Aslidown,
cxi.
;

cxi.

Maldon, burg built by Eadweard

battle of, Ixxiii.
cxvi.
;

Bath, xl,
ton,
ib;

xli.

Bedwin,

Brew-

mint

of,

notice,

Bridgnorth,

cxii.

Cadbury,

cxii.;
of, notice, cxvii.

Canterbury,
Chester,
cix.
;

cix.;

Castle Rising,
;

Malmesbury, mint

cxii.
I.,

li.

Iv. n., Ixii.

ib.
;

ChiCor-

Manclitstor, burg built by

lii.

Eadweard

chester,

Colchester,

bridge, cxiii.
I.,

Darenth,
cxiii.
;

ib.

Derby,

Matilda, wife of William

her de-

Ixii.

Deriham,
:

Ddrchester,

scent from Judith, wife of Baldwin,

Ct. of Flanders, xxviii.

cxiii., cxiv.
xl.,

Dublin, Ixxxiii.; Exeter,

xli.;
xl.

GeoTaburh, cxiv.; Glou;

Mercia.
xiii.
;

its

iire-emiuence under Offa,

cester,

Hanitune,
;

cix.,

cxv.
.

invabion of

Wessex

by, xiv.

Hastings, cix.

Hereford,
;

civ.

its po.>ition after

battle of

EUandune,

Horndon,
Leicester,

cxv.
Iv. u.

Jedburgh,

cxiv
;

xvi.

attacked

by Vikings, xxxii.

Lewes,

cix.

Lin-

incorporated
xxsvii.,
Ixix.
;

into

Wessex, xxxvi.,

coln, xxxix.;

London, xxxiv., xxxvii.

;

1., 11.;

separated from Wessex,

of, ib.
;

xxxix., cix.
ib.
;

Lowick, cxvi.
ib.
;
;

Lymne,
cxvii.;

Eadgar, king

an earl-

Maldon,
ib.

Malmesbury,
ib.
;

dom, Ixxxvi.; rivalry

Coinage
Kent,
ib.
; :

of, xciv.
of,

Newark,
in

Newport,
cxvii.
; ;

North-

coins

struck
of,

ampton, cxv.,
Ixii.
;

Nottingham,
Oxford, xxvii.,
;

xvii.

moneyers

Kentish,

Otford, cxviii.

coin-types copied by Ecgbcorht,

xl.

Kichborough,
;

cxviii.

Itoiseng,
;

xix.

xxxix., cxii.

Shaltcsbury, cix.

Sid-

Mercia, Western, supremacy of Wessex

over, xxxvi., xxxvii.

bury, cxviii.

Sidmouth,

ib.

South-

ampton,

cix., cxv., cxix.;

Tcmpsford^

,;

;; ;

488
cxix.
:

I.

OENEUAL
ih.
;

INDKX.
belonging
to,

ToiibridRo,

ih.

Totlcigh,
;

12
;

of iEtlielbald, 21
of

WunllKinmj,'!!, oix-.f-xix.
cix.
;

Wnrclmin,
;

of A'AUli],
l'.2;

'M

I'ladwenrd

IL,

Wnrininf;toii,
ib.
;

cxx.

Weliiifs;

of Ilaroli

I.,

30(;.

ford,

Wtybri.lge,
xli., cix.
il>.
;

ih.

WinIxii

Morkcrc, earl of Northunibria, rivalry with Toatig, xciv.

eliffllor, xl.,

Winchcombe,
;

cxxi.

Witham,

York,

Murchison Collection,
bcorht
in,

coin of
n.

Ecg-

Ixvii., Ixviii.

of .Alfred, 35,

liloN.,

MoNETA (Moncta
of,
;

or

Moik-

M X on coins of iElfrcd, 57.

N.
Newark, mint
of, notice, cxvii. of,

arius?), cv.

Moniyerg, names
G)lIuction,
xii.

not in National

of
xvii.

Ecgbcorht,
;

of

Kcntieli

origin,

of Vikings,
;

their niixtil nationality, xxix.

con-

Newport, mint

notice, cxvii.

fusion
xliv.
;

nnd

varieties of namesof, xlii.-

Norman
xciii.

coinage

in

England
of

unin-

Scandinavian, Prankish and

;

fluenced

by

that

Nonuandy,

English, xliii.-xlvi.

of

York and
local,

Northunibria under iErhelslan, Ead-

mund,
Ixvii.
;

&c.,

Ixvii.

whether

Norman influence during reign of Edward the Confessor, xciii. little

;

of Bedford
&c.,
ciii.,

under Eadwig,
;

or no trace

of,

on coinage, cxxv.

Eadred,
xcviiL,

Ixix.
civ.,

their
;

status,

Norman, Viking, and Danish invasions contrasted, xxviii., xxix.

cxi.
;

blundered

names

of,

xcviii.-cii.

early
cii.
;

names
rarity
ciii.

Normandy, invasion
red
II.,

of,

by

^thcl-

of English etymology,
of Latin

Ixxvi.

and

biblical

names,

Norse

invasion

of

Ireland,
of, xlvi.
'

xxiii.

chiefly Frankish

and Scandinavian
ciii.
;

coinage, initiation

on Viking coinages,

punish-

Northampton, Viking

army
;

'

of,

xxx.

ment of,
names

civ.

whether

itinerary, cv.
;

Viking raids from,

of Vikings
of, liv.
:

liii.

submission

of,

in

possessive case, cvi.

attacked by Olaf

not engravers of dies, ex.

Quaran,

Ixiv.
(?),

Monkwcarmouth, wreck
xxi.

of Vikings at,

Northampton, mint of

cxv.

iSee

Hamtune.
types, of Ecgbcorht, their
;

Monogram

Northumbria, submission
bcorht, XV.;
xxxii.
;

of,

to

Ecg-

origin, xx.

of Canterbury on coins
tb.
;

attacked by Vikings,

of Ecgbcorht,
*

of of

'

Doribi

'

and

foundation of Viking kingxxxiv.

:

Cant
;

'

on

coins

.^thelwulf,

dom

in,

accession of uEthelI.,

xxvi.

of mints, inaugurated, xxvii.,

;

wald, son of .^thclred

accession
division

xlviii.
Ixiii.

xxxix.
xc.
;

a Frankish device, xxxix.,

of
of,

Olaf Quaran,
between
Olaf
Ixiv.

of
;

London,
of
ib.

xxxiv.,

xxxvii.,
;

Quaran
:

xxxix.

Lincoln,

xxxix.

of

and Olaf Godfredsson,

earls
of,

later

Koiseng,

Ixv.

counuered by Ead-

Montagu, Mr. H., on coins of Chester

muud and
Scotland,
red,

divided with Malcolm of

;

and

Leicester,

Iv.
;

n.

on Castle-

ib.

its

allegiance to EadIxvi.
;

Rising mint, cxii

coinof .^thclwulf

and

revolt,

accession of

I.

GENERAL
Eadmund
;

INDEX.
(St.

489
Okf) conveys
Nortbumbria,

Erik B16:!ox,

ib.

rule of

Olaf Haraldsson

and Eiidred
to

in, Ixvi., Ixviii.

united
j

^thelred
Olaf
marriage,

II. to

England, Ixxix.
of

England,
;

Ixviii.
of,

an

earldom,

Quaran,

k.
;

Ixxxvi.

rivalry
:

xciv. after sub;

Ixiii.

battle of
k. of

Brunan-

Coinage

continued
xli.,
xlii.;

burg,
ib.
;

ib.

made
on
Ixiv.

Nortbumbria,

mission to Ecgbeorbt, xv.

in

coins
xlvii.
;

of,

attack

Northampton and
;

Cuerdale board,

Tamworth,

peace with Eadib.

;

Viking coinage,
reigns
Ixvi.

coins

of,

during

mund and
ib.
;

baptism,

divides

of

Eadmuud and

Eadred,

Nortbumbria witb Olaf Godfredsson,

driven from kingdom, Ixv.
to
;

re-

Nortbumbria and Mcrcia,

xiii.

rivalry of,

stored

his
Ixvii.

throne,

Ixvi.;

bis

moneyers,
of, to
of,

Norway, conversion
Ixxv.
;

Cbiistianity,
deatli
;

Olaf Skutkonung,

k.

of

Sweden,
;

his

partiticn

after

of

assistance to Cnut, Ixxix.

institutes

Olaf

Tryggvason,
copied

Ixxvii.

early

coinage in Sweden, Ixxxii.

coin-typeB
Ixxxii.

from

Englisb,

Olaf Tryggvason,

k. of

Norway,
;

Ixiii.

attacks Ipswich, Ixxiii.

Isxvii.
I.

converted
ib.
;

Norwieb burnt by Svend,

Nuttingbam, siege
of,

to Christianity, Ixxiv.

accession,

by iEtbelrcd
;

death, Ixxvii.

and iElfred,

xxxii.
lii.
;

burg, built by

Orsxaforda
Otford. mint

on -coins

of

iElfred,

Eadweard

I.,

coins of Jitbel-

xxvii., xl., 50.

of, cix.
;

stan struck at,

Ixii.

notice

of, cxviii.

Otto

I.,

Emperor, marriage

to

Eadgith,

sister of

Eadweard
of

I., Ixi.

o.
OCCIDENTALIVM^ SaXONIORVM OU COiuS
of iEtbelwulf, 10.

Owen,
burg,

k.

Cumberland,
;

attacks

jEthelstan,
ib.

Ixiii.

battle of

Brunan-

Ockley, battle

of,

xxiv.

Oxford, coins

of,

struck by Alfred,

Odo, Abp. of Canterbury, treaty be-

xxxvii., xl., 50; meeting of

Witenagc-

tween Eadmund and Olaf Quaran,

Ixiv.

mot

at, Ixxxiv.,

Ixxxv.

Offa, introduction

of

penny coinage
cxxii.

into England,

xiii.,
'

'Offering
xli.,

ronnics

of

iElfrcd,

xl.,

P.

55.

Olaf,

k.

of

Sweden, joins coalition

Tryggvason,
Ixxix.
;

Pacx on coins of Cnut, Ixxxv. Edward the Conf., xcvii.

Tadstow harried by Vikings,
Paris, siege
xlix.
of,

of

against
assists

Olaf
Cnut,

Ixxvi.

Ixxii.

his

coinage,

and defeat of Vikings,

Ixxxii.

Olaf CJodfredsson, k. of Nortbumbria,

battle of

Pen Solwood,
xiii.,

battle of, Ixxx.

Brunanburg,
witb
ih.

Ixiii.

divides

Penny, origin
cxxii.

and

introduction

of,

Nortbumbria
Ixiv.
;

Olaf

Quaran,

bis deatb,

Pied-forts of .El frod,

xl., xli., ").

490
riffanl,

I. GENERAL INDEX.
Mr. E.
J. O., coin of

Ecgboorht

Robert of Jumieges, Abp. of Canterbury, his influence, xciii.

btlon^jiiiK' to, H.

ritn'8,

Kilict

of,

and
n.

the

Karoltis-

liochester plundered by Vikings, xxiii.

nionn^mni typo, xx.

Roiscng,

monogram
mint
of.

of,

on

wjin

of

Plopmund, Ahp. of Cnntcrbiiry, cointypoa as iElfred's,

xl.
:

iElfred, xxxix.
lloiseiig,

Viking,' imita-

See Castle Rising.

tions of coins of, xlii., xlvi.

Rorik, the Dane, attacks Canterbury

rortniitiiro on Enf^lish coins, cvii.

and London,
nt,

xxiii.,

xxiv.
li.,

rortsmnntli,
xxiii.

victory

of

Vikings

Runcorn, burg built by ^Ethelflasd,

Hi.

Prrotorian gate?, type of, on English

coins, 86.

rriniogeniture and succession

among
of

St.

Andrew, coinage
massacre

of, 7.

Teutons, XXV.
Providence,

St. Brice,
of,
;

of, Ixxvi.,

Ixxvii.

hand

on

coins

St. Clair-en-Epte, treaty of, Ivii.

St.

Eadwear<l
cvii.

I., Ivi. n.

as a coin-type,

Eadmund
xl.
;

coinage,

imitated
xli.,

by

.Alfred,

date

of,

xliv.

Pucklechurch, nnirdcr of
Ixv.

Eadmund

at,

struck by Vikings,

xlii., xlvi., xlvii.;

moneycrs, names on,

38, 59.

xliii.

coins

of,

Sandwich attacked by Danes,

Ixxviii.

R.
Ragnald
or Rognald, k. of

Saxoniorvm on coins
Northumxix.

of Ecgbeorht,

bria, betrotliod

to .^Ifwyn, dau. of
:

Scandinavia, coinages
ated,
xlvi.
;

of,

when

initi-

.Sthelfla3d,

li.

n., lix.

accession, lix.

early,

imitated
;

from from

Ragnhiid, marriage to Harald Hsirfagr,

XXV.
71.

English, Ixxxii., cxxiii., cxxiv.

Frankish, cxxiii.
tion, cxxv.

extent of circula-

Reading, encampment of Vikings at,

and

flight of Ilidfdan to, xxxii. k. of

Scandinavia, greater, kingdoms

the 10th cent.,
Ivii., Iviii.

of,

in

Regnald, son of Godfred,

umbria, Ixiv.
;

North-

driven out by Ead-

Scandinavian moneyers, names

coins, xliii.-xlvi.

of,

on

mund,

Ixv.

Religious

divisions

in

England and

Sceattas,

coinage
;

of,

extent

of

cir-

Scandinavia, Ixxiv.
Religious houses receive right of coinago, cix.

culation, cxxii.

tj^es derived from

Merovingian
Scergeat,

coin., cxxiii.

burg built by

.^thelflsed,

Rex Saxonvm on
Eadwcard
*Rex
totius
I.,

coins of .lElfred
1.

and

li., lii.

xix. n., xl.,

'Seven Burgs,'
'

liv.

See also

under

Britanniit)'
Ixi., Ixii.

on coins of

Burgs, Five.'
of,

.^thclstau,

Shaftesbury, mint

and ediit of
attacked

Ricliborough, mitit

of, notice, cxviii.

Greatley, cix.

Ripon
Ixvi.

Cathedral burnt

by Eadred,

Sheppey,

island

of,

by

Vikings, xxii.

-GENERAL INDEX.
Shoiston, battle
of,

491
Denmark, invasion
xxix.
Ixxiii.
;

Ixsx.
cix.
;

Svend, k. of
notice
of,

of

Sidbury,
cxviii.

mint

of,

England,
borough,

attacks

Bamto

opposition
;

Sidmoutb, mint

of, notice, cxviii.

Ciiristianity,

Ixxiv.
;

invasions

of

Siefer* or Sitfred, k. of Wales, rows

Germany,
against
receives

Ixxv.

joins

coalition
;

Eadgar on the Dee,

Siefred,
k.

Ixx.
assists
;

Olaf

Tryggvason, Ixxvi.
Norwaj', Ixxvii.
St. Brice, ih.

of

Nortlumibria,

part of

Hasting, the Viking, xxxviii.

coinof,

revenges massacre of
besieges
Ixxvii.,

type as .Alfred's,

xl.

coins

in

Exeter,
Ixxviii.
;

Norwich,

&c.,

Cuerdale hoard,
Sigvahl,

xlvii.

conquest of Eng;

the

Viking,

betrays

Olaf

land and death, Ixxix.

Ixxxii.

his coinage,

Tr\ g^vason, Ixxvi.

Sihtric the Elder, Earl, killed at Ash-

Svend,

son of Cnut,

k.

of

Norway,

down, xxxii.
Sihtric

Ixxxvi., Ixxxvii.

the Younger, Earl, killed at

xxxii.

Svend

Estrid's ton, claims throne of

Ixxxviii.
;

Ashdown,

Denmark,

offer of

English

Sihtiic Gale, k. of Northumbria,

war
cix.,

crown

to, xcii.
of,

with iEtlulstan and death,

Skye, hoard of coins found
cxx.
Solidus, a

Ix. in,

Svold, battle

Ixxvi.
of,
;

Sweden, coinage

imitations of coins

of Dorstat, xlvi.

date of

first

coin-

money

of account in AVest;

age,

ih.

coin-types

copied

from

Saxon laws,

xviii.

typo

of,

on coin

Enjrlish, Ixxxii.

of Halfdan, xxxiv., xxxviii.; and on

coin of .Alfred, xxxviii., 34.

Southampton, defeat of Vikings

xxiii.
;

at,

attacked by Vikings, Ixxii.

T.
Tamwoith, burg
li., lii.
;

mint

fif,

and edict
Sons,

of Greatlcy, cix.

Southiiinplon, mint

of.

See

Hamtuuc.
coin
n.

built

by .^thelflsed,

Spink and

Messrs.,

of

besieged by Olaf Quaran,

-^tlielbald belonging to, 21

Stafford,
li., lii.

Ixiv.

burg built

by

.^Ethelflscd,

Taxes, forced levies

Ixxxviii.

of, Ixxviii., Ixxxiii.,

Stamford, burg built by Eadwciird

I., lii.

Temple

type, its Carolingian origin, xc. built

Stamford Bridge, battle

Stcenstrup, his
list

of,

xcvi.

Temj)sford,

by Vikings,
I., ih.
;

liv.

of burgs founded
I
,

taken by Eadweard
notice, cxix.

mint

of,

by

iEtlulflred

and Eadweard
its

lii.

Stockholm Museum,

series of Anglo-

Tettenhall, battle

of,

liii.

Saxon

coins, xii
of,

Ixxxi,
cxxii.

Tiianet, winter quarters of Vikings at,

xxviii.
;

Stycas, coinage

attacked by Vikings, Ixxii.

I.,

Surrey, under supremacy of Wcssex,

after battle of Ellandnnc, xvi.

Thelwall, burg built by Eadweard

lii.

Sussex, under supremacy of Wetscx,

after battle of Ellandunc, xvi.

Thctford, burnt by Svcud, k. of Dcnnuvrk, Ixxvii.

; ;

402
Tliorpitil. tlio

I.

GENERAL

INDEX.
Proviflcnce, buildings, &c.,
ib.

Vikinp,

liiu

inviiMion of

busts

Ircliiiid, xxi., xxii.

on coins,
cvii.).

cvii.,

cviii.

portraiture,

Thurkill, Kiirl of KhhI Anglia, Ixxxvi.

TonhritlKP, uiint
Totttig,
of, notice,

rxix.

Kurl
witli

of

Northumbria,

bis

rivalry

Eiirls
;

Morkcro

and
ib.

u.
Ulf,

Eadwino,

xciv.

iMiniBlimcnt of,

BCeke aid from William of

Normandy
;

Earl,
;

his

rule

over

Denmark,
Cnut and

and

Iliirald of

Norway,

xcv.

battle
xcvi.

Ixxxv.

his treacliery to
ib.
;

of Stamford Bridge

and death,

death,

his son,

Svend, claims

Totleigh, mint

of,

notice, cxix.
I.,

tiirone of

Denmark,
of
to

Ixxxviii.

Towccstcr, burg built by Eadwcard

lii.

Ulfketil,

Earl

East Anglia, his

Danes,
Ixxvi.-

opposition
Turfcri5, his unsuccessful

the

invasion of

Ixxviii.

death, Ixxx.

Northumbria,
Turgesius.

Ix.

See Thorgisl.
coins, not
;

Types of

in the

National
Valentinian
I.,

V.
type of coin
;

Colleotioii, xii.

of Ecgbeorht, de-

of,

imitated
iElfred,

rived from

Mercia, Kent, Canterxix.,

by Halfdan, xxiv.
34.

and by

bury and Charlemagne,

xc.
;

xx.,

London monogram
and
;

coins

of

Verberie, marriage of

^thelwulf

at,

Halfdan

iElfrcd,

xxxiv.,

XXV.

xxxvii.-xxxix.

monogram
;

types of
prin;

Viking, etymology

of, Iviii. n.

Alfred, xxxix.
ciple

of Wessex,
xxvi.

Viking Ages, First and Sicond, contrasted, Ivi.-lviii., Ixxii.

;

of

classification,

of

First Vik.by, Ivii.

of,

iElfrcd with mint names,

xl., xli.

ing

Age, states created

Viking imitations of types of iElfrcd,

&c., xUii., xlv.
;

Second Viking Age, warnings

Ixxii.

hand

of Providence,

buildings, &c., on coins of

I.,

Eadweard
coinII.'s,

Viking and Danish invasions

guished, xxxi.

distin-

Ivi.,

cvii.

Scandinavian

types copied from ^Ethelred

Ixxxii.
;

Viking, Danish, and

Norman

invasions

of

Agnus Dei and Dove types iEthelrcd II., PACS, its refer(7>.
; ;

contrasted, xxviii., xxix.

Vikings,

first

invasions
;

of, xxi.

attack

ence, Ixxxv.
fitcal

double-cross type,
;

its

Lindisfame, xxi.
xxi., xxii. xxii.
; ;

invade Ireland,

significance, Ixxxix. pointed helmet and crowned types of Cnut,

;

attack Island of Sheppey,

{b.
;

and Charmouth,
at
'

defeated

Ixxxix., xci., cvii., cxxv.

monogram
xcii.

by
ib.
;

Ecgbeorht

Hengistdune,'

(Ecgbeorht) and temple typos, origin

of, xc.
;

defeated at Southampton, xxiii.

at

king holding Danebrog,

of

victorious

Portsmouth, in

Lin-

Sovereign type
xcvii.
;

Edward Conf,
coins, cvi.,-cviii.
cvii.;

colnshire,
ib. ib.
7).
;

East Anglia and Kent,

types, their general character

plunder London and Rochester,

raids in

OQ

Anglo-Saxon
religious,

France and Germany,

Canterbury,
ib.;

(chictly

hand

of

attack

and

; ; ; ;

;; ;; ;

-GENERAL INDEX.
London, xxiv.
;

493
xlii.,

defeated by Beorlitib.
;
;

of

Canterbury,

xlvi.,

xlvii.
;

wulf, k. of Mercia,

their first

during reign of uElfred,

lished under
xlvii.

xlvi.

estab-

settlument in Kent,

ib.

defeat

^tbel-

Guthorm

(iEthelstan),

bald at Ockley,
cliester, &c.,

ib.;

raids on

Win-

during rtiga of iEthel;

beariit,

xxviii.

winter in Tlianet,
ih.
;

w.
Wales attacked by Ecgbeorht,
by Vikings,
xxi., liv., Ixxii.
;

and
'

settle in

East Anglia,

their
of,

xiv.

armies,' laws

and constitution
take

allegi-

xxix.,

XXX.
;

York,

xxxi.,

ance of Howel, king

of, Ixix.

xxxii.

invade Mercia, xxxii.; en-

Wardborough, burg
fla;d,
cix.,
li.

built
of,

by JEthel-

camp
down,

at
ib.

Heading, defeated at Ash;

n.
;

coin

in

Skye Find,

defend Nottingham,

ib.

cxx.

mint

of, notice, cxix.

invade

North uinbria, Mercia

ib.;
;

and

East

Anglia,

defeat

Alfred
London,
ib.
;

Wareham, taken by Guthorm, xxxv. mint of, and edict of Greatley, cix.
Warmington, mint
of, notice,

at Wilton,

xxxiii.

take

cxx.

xxxiv.

Settle in

Nurthumbria,

Warwick, burg
li., lii.

built

by iEthelflaid,

land in Kent and defeated by Alfred,

xxxvii.
;

capture Exeter, xxxviii.

ib.
;

Watchet ravaged by Vikings,

Ixxii.

defeated at Buttingtou,
at

defeated
;

Waymere, burg
lii.

built

by Eadweard L,

Holme,

xlix.

at Paris,
ib.
;

ib.

settle

in

Normaud}',
//*.
;

defeated

in

Wedensborougli (Wardborough
built

?),

burg

Germany,
liii.
;

defeat at Ttttenhall,
ilcfeat of, in a.d. 914,

by

^tiielflred,

li., lii.

raids

and

Wedmore, baptism
xxxv.
;

of

Guthorm

at,

ib.;

division of terri lories in

of

England
liii., liv.,

Peace

of,

xxxv., xliv., Ixxx.

and forms
Iv.
;

government,

coins issued subsequent to Peace of

raid on
of, ib.
;

Wales

a.d. 915,

liv.
ib.

Wedmore,

xli.

defeat

build Tempsford,
ib.
;

Weland, Viking
chester, xxviii.

chief, plunders
;

Win

march on Bedford,
to
of,

submission

his defeat,
of, cix.
;

ib.

Eadweard

I., ib.

invasions, eras

Welmesford, mint
cxx.

notice

of,

contrasted, (First

and Second
;

Viking Ages)
Viking Ago,
of,

Ivi.-lviii., Ixxii.
;

First

Wessex,

invaded
of,

by
xiv.,

Mercia,
xvi.
;

xiv.

statesof, Ivii.

kingdoms

supremacy

absorbs
;

extent in England in 10th cent,

Ix.
;

Kent and Western Mercin, xxxvi.

extent
of,

lix.,

cessation of raids, Ixviii.

re-

under Eadweard
;

I.

and

I'irst

and Second Viking Ages,

of,

his Suns, Ixviii.

an earldom, Ixxxvi.

semblance

Ixxii.

renewal

of

rivalry of, xciv.

altackn under j'Ktiiclred IL (Second

Coinage

its

extent,
;

xi.,

xii.

Viking Age)

Ixxii. -Ixxx.

See also

when
of,

lirst

Lssutd, xii.

first

coinngo
xvi.,
;

und'r Danish invasions of England.

Vikings, Coinage
of
iElfrcd,
; :

XV.,
;

xix.,

XX.

its origin,

imitations of coins
xl., xli.,

xvii.

primarily Kentish, xvii.

before

no

xxxiii.,

xlii.,

native currency
xviii.
;

Ecgbeorht,
I'y

xlvi.

of coins of the Franks, xxxix.

laws
i7>.
;

of,

and payments
of

of St.

Eadinund ami riegmund, Abp.

kind,

types

Ecgbeorlifa

; ;

404
WVhwx
coiim, xix.
of,
;

I.

OKNi:UAI.

INDKX.
built

clnHHiflrntion of
;

Witham, burg
li., lii., liii.
;

by Eadweard
;

I.

early coins

xxvi.

Frniikinh ntid
of,

mint

of, cix.

notice

of,

Scaiulitiaviun

mnneyirs
HOiitli

xlv.

cxxi.

mipromncy
cxxii.
;

if,

of

tlic Iluiiibcr,

Worcester,

its

refusal to

pay danegeld,

kiii^jdom of, ooinR, 1-102.

and massacre

of hu-scarln, Ixxxviii.
to, civ. n.,

VVoswcx

iiiid IMiroiii,

rivalry of, xiii.

of,

new
ex.

flies for

coins supplied

Wtvst-Snxoii Kiiii^iloni, extent

under

.^thtdHtan,

lix.

Wulfhrard, Earl, defeats Baldrcd,

k.

Western

Mercift,

supremacy of Wcssex

of Kent, xix.

over, xxxvi., xxxvii.

Wulfstan, Abp. of York, joins Olaf

Wcylirid^re,

mint

of,

notice, cxx.

Quaran and attacks Eadinund,

his escape,
Ixvi.
ih.
;

Ixiv.

\Vhite, Mr. John, coin of iEthclliald,

21
II.

allegiance to Eadred,

Willctt, Mr. Ernest, his statistics

on

moneyers of Edward the Confessor,

ev. n.

William,

Duke

of

Normandy, claims
;

Xristiaxa Religio coin-typo of Charlemagne, 27

n.

English throne, xcv.

ih.
;

assists Tostig,

invades England and battle of

Hastings, xcvi.
Wilton, battle
of,

xxxiii.
to,
I.,

Wimborne,

retreat

of iEthelwald,

York taken by Yikings,

Coinage
:

xxxi., xxxii.

son of iEthelred

xlviii.

coins

of JEthelstan
;

Winchcombc, mint
"Winchester

of, notice,

cxxi.

btruck

at,

Ixii.,

Ixviii.

moneyers

plundered
;

by
mint

Weland,
of,

and coins

of,

under ^thelstan, Ead,

the Viking, xxviii.

coins
;

struck

mund and

Eadred, Ixvii
of,

Ixviii.

by iElfred,

xl.,

xli.

of,

and

York, kingdom

added
Ix.

to

West-

edict of Grcatley, cix.

Saxon Kingdom,

^05

11. INDEX
*^* The numhers priuted in

OF MONEYEES.

names

in italics in the lists of

italics in the accompanying list correspond to the moneycrs under each king. Tliey are of moueyera

not represented in the

Museum

Collection.

I'.m;

II.

INUKX
213.

OF jMONEYEIIH.
250, 261, 283, 294,

.'Kll.rU.l, ^l.i,

m-J.
/i:if.lm,

297,

302,

A:i.lf.-lin
'ins.

..r

197,

2^1,

JV.\ctt\ HO-J.
i^:iric,

320, 325.

tke

nUo

Mv\x\ii

and

vKlfrio.
i-T^lowip.

>Vc ^]lfwig.
197,

ililewinp,

221,

400.

See

aho

Elowine.
.i:!fcttcl, 197.
i-lllfinh,

197.

See iElfhcah.

MUego,
M\ich

24S.

or ^Ifcn, 243, 298, 329, 427.

2.^)7,

iElfclm, 197, 243,

^El.lfclni.

258.

See also

.Elforc, iElfhcre, or Elfere, 243, 302,

310, 329, 301.

iElfer, 243.
iElffeh, 320.
JE\ffvi, 329, 398.

iElfgwt, ^Ifgoat, ^Ifgtt, or Elfget,

197, 199, 243, 329, 396, 4 GO, 467.
.^Ifgar, Alfgar, &c,, 163, 175, 197, 208,

225, 243, 283, 294, 302, 329, 389,

40.3,

458.

iElfgcd, 197.

See iElfgjct.

iElfheah,
243.

/Elfheh, or

^Ifcah,

197,

^Iflicrc, 329, 361.

iElfino, 302.
JElfinirr, 197.

See

aho Elfere.

See .Elfwiiic.

JFAhnvTc, 329.
J?M\\of>, JEluo*, Elfno, &c., 101, 163,

174, 197, 213,

214,

220,

221, 223,
279, 302,

226, 235, 243, 276, 278,

313, 3->0, 329, 391, 304, 395, 460.

.ElfriHl or Elfntl,

101, 102,

114, 122, 185,

142,

147. 156, 160,

163,

197,

243, 287, 292,

297, 302, 308, 320,

329, 331, 344, 345, 397, 398, 403,

406, 409, 412, 414. 457.
jElfric, Alfrio, or Elfrir, 101. 102. 106,
72:?,
1!>7,

200.

219.

231.

2;W,

2-13.

II.

INDEX
295, 296,

OF MONEYERS,
jEscman or Escman,
195, 197, 222, 243.

497
163,
173,

243, 259, 261, 262, 267, 270, 273,

276, 282, 285,

191,

290, 294,
311,
312,

297, 299, 302,

317, 318,
349, 350, 375, 379, 414,

^sctl or ^sctli, 197.

320, 328, 329, 359, 361, 362, 380, 382, 399, 420, 421, 433,
440,

343, 348,
372.

^sculf

or iEscuulf, 156, 160, 163, 176.

374,

Jilscwig, 197.

403, 440,

406, 409,

jEscwine, 243.
^stiin, Astan, or Estan, 243, 245,
302,
303, 320,
329, 331,
2.i6,

441,
452,

443, 444,

448, 450, 451,

456,

457,

423,

436,

460, 462, 465, 473.

444, 445, 446, 449.

^Ifwine Mus,
ffilfwinig, 122.

243.

^stann and Loc, M3,

Eastmaer.

329, 445.

.^stmajr or Estmajr, 329.

See also

ffilfwold, 197, 240, 243, !M4, 302, 315,

329,

442, 460,

472.

See also

MU-

^tard

or .^tardea, 142, 145, 156.

See

wald.
/Elfwoud, 329, 399.
iElfworci, 409.

also Agtard.

^tferS, 163, 176.

.^svulf, 329.

See iElfward.

See Eawulf. See also ^?;elulf.

M\gsciT, 400, 468.

^Selaf,
See .^gclwine.

32, 54.

-Elgolwinc, 243.

JE Sela ver, 163, 191.

JESelberlit, 101, 243.

See also Adela ver.

oilman,

302, 307.

iElmaer, 197, 243, 302, 329.

.ffilmon, 329, 341.

^Selbrand. 163.
.EXelbriht, 243.

M\nnt, 302.
^lno?>, 329.

See ^Ifno. See JEUno^.

^^elfer or ^thclfreS,
iE^elfred, 83, 87.

101, 121, 163.

JElrm],

Elrffid, &c., 329, 331, 345, 346.

.^Selgar or Adelgar,
197, 239.

lri6,

103,

170,

^Iric, 243, 290, 302, 329, 373, 388. See also JSlfric.
.(Elstan, 243.

iEelm, 101, 115, 122, 142, 144, 197,

213.

See iElfstan.
See JEUwig.

^Ivii, 327.

^Selmser

or ESelmasr, 197, 221, 232,

Ji:ivion\vii, 320.

243, 278, 279.

.^Iwcard or iElwerd, 243, 409, 412,

425.

yE?;elman, 197, 243.

iEeliiio(l or

See also ^Ifweard.

302, 317, 329, 312, 421.

A^elmc.d, 101, 121, 122,

^Iwig, loG,

140.

See also JEUwlg.

.^tSclmund or A^elmund,
120, 142, 145.

101,

122,

iElwinc, 197, 243, 259, 270, 285, 290,

294, 302, 317, 32'>, 329, 348, 399,

iE?;elno

or ESSoIno?, 9,
113,

18, 22,

24,

409,414.
.^nrod,
1.

See also .Elimne.

101, 105,

142,

197,

218,

222,

243, 278.
-<Ec]red, S5, iOi, 163,
173, 191, 195,

Mrite, 329, 432.

iEigrcd, 197.
iErigor, 142, 144.

243.

See also JE^cTvd and E^iclnd.

iESelric or ^ESerio, 122, 197, 209, 237,

329,
362.

^rngriin,

32(\

See also

243, 256, 276, 288.

Arngrim.
iEruulf, 122, 126.

iEXclsie or iEScl^igc, 101, 163, 108,

See Arnulf.
177, 197.

11)8

II.

indp:x of

moneyeus.

/KScUliin,

/K^iHlttit,

>'K^.''tun,

EMcl-

n.

INDEX

OF MONEYERS.

499

Alward, 320.

fiOO

II. INDEX OF MUNEYER8.

Borlitclm or Byrhtelm, 101, 113, 122,
127, 19R.
:.

IJ.ir.1.1 ..r

Hiinl.I. 101, 112. /"/.

;.
U'>.
Il.

Illlrifr^,

Ilcugmiin.l,

'22,

'2:.

AV/'

Btrhtcre, 32, 60.

Berlitmffir or Byrhtmsor, 198.

alto

nonlmiund.
See also Beag-

See also

Ik-ii(;BUin, 32, fiO.

BrihtmsBr.
BerlitnaS, 198, 239. See also Btorhno.

niMJimmifl, 27, 22, 23.

iiiiind.

Berhtrcd, 83, 89, 122.

(.r

Bihro.I
127.

H.iinrcil, S3. 101, 111, 122,

Berhtwig, 122, 127.

Berhtwine or Brelitwine, 198.

Bcriuald, 32, 50.

n.ahHtan, 83, 88.

n.
iil.lulf,
;.'Js'.

Bermcne, 191.
Bernald, 32, 50.
See also B. nlircd.

See Bcmcine.

lUanicno, 191, 103.

See also Bemuald.

145.

nainred, 85, 101.

Bernard or Burnard, 101, 142,

BfRam,

198.

Buma,
&c., 191.

122.

Bil-a or Beige, 101.

Berncre, iOi, 142,146.

Bimeno, Berrucnc,

Ben.fir, 142, 146.

16.3,

177.

B.ne.liotus, 122, 127, 103, 177.

Bcrngar, 83, 101.

19S,

Beola.

Beolau,

BoUa,

&c.,

191,

Bernred or Bimred,

32, 61.

See also

244, 271.

Bcomred.
110.
&c.,

Boomrd, 101,
Bi'orhiio*,

Bemsige, 122, 127.

BcrhtDaS, ByrlitnoiJ,

Bemuald

or

Bimuald, 32,

38, 43, 45,

198. 238, 239, 244.

50,51,53,54,61,80.
uald and Bumuald.

SeeahoBi&malso

Bwrlitric, 1G3, 184.

Beorlitulf, 101.

See also Biorhtiilf.

Bemuuald,
uiiald.

83, 89.

Se-e

Boom-

Beorii, Beornn, or

Biom,

244, 267, 302,

330. 439.

Bese or Besel, 122, 142, 146.

28.

Booraeah or Biamcah, 27,

r.t'omorc, 83, 89.

IJianulf (Biarnulf), 122.

Biare, 32, 38.

B.oriifor*, 83, 89.

Biarmod,

9.

See Biarnraod. See also

Boornhae, 27, 31.

Biameah,

27, 28.

Beomeah.

Btomhart,

1, 8. 1, 8.

Biarneard, 101.

See Biorocard.
9, 22,

Btomlicard,

Biarnmod or Biarmod,
28.
&c.,
1, 6.

23,

27,

urnmjcr or Boommcr, 32, GO, 82.

Bt ornm d,

Biommod,

BiamnoS,

9, 13, 16.

Boornrcd or Biornrcd, 32, 61, 83, 97.

Beorimlf, Biomuulf, or Biornulf, S3,
198.
Bt>oriiuunld,

Biarnred or Biomred, 32, 41, 42, 45,

61, 83, 97.

Biarnuald, 32, 42, 43, 57.

See also

Beornwnid,
vidd,

Bemuuald,
&c., 83, 89,

Birnuald.

BiunmunM, Byrn

Biamuine,

22, 23.

94.9.5.101, 114,122.

arnuulf, 32.

BwrwaM,
I^ronanl,

122.

Sre Bcornwald.

Binrcd, 330, 399.

Biorhiild, S3.
Biorlitrir,

Bcre! aid, 32, 71.

/.>,

163.

KU.

II.

INDEX

OF MONEYERS.
191,
196,

501

Biorhtulf or Biorhtwulf, 101, 105, 122,

128, 142.

198, 210, 218, 244, 260,

302, 320, 330, 353, 435.

Boigalet, 101, 108.

Biorlitwald, 101.

Biorhtwulf, 122, 142.

Biorn, 830, 430.

Boiusulf or Boinulf, 122, 128.

Bella, 244, 271.
or

See also Boom.

See also Boola.

Biornanl,

Biorneard,

Biarneanl,

Bonsom,
Bosa,
Bosel,

122, 128.

Byinard, ss, 101, 111, 122.

Birniard.

See aho

Borstig, 244, 281.

1, 8, 1, 6.

32, 56.

Biomhclin, S3.

See aho Biosel.

See Brand. See also Brantino. See Brihstan.

Blommod,
Biomred,

1, 6.

Brad, 437.
61,

32,

83,

97.

See also

Braintino, 244.
Bralistan, 244.

Beornred and Biamrod.

Biornulf, 19S.

See Beornulf.
83,
94,
95.

Brand, 244, 330, 378, 436, 437, 445.

See
also

Biomuuald,

Brantinc, 191, 19s, 244.

Beornuuald.
Biosel or Bosol,
1, 6.

Breco or Bregc, 83, 89, 97.

Brehstan, 244, 288.
See also Brenstan.
See also Briht-

Birgstan, 1G3, 190.

BirbtferS, 19S.
Biihtsige, Byrhtaigc, &c., 19S.

Brehtuo, 244, 297.

no(5.

Brehtwiuc, 198.
Bior-

Birucard,
neard.

122, 128.

See

also

Brencd, 42.

See also Blarnreil.

Brenstan or Brcbstan, 244, 288.

32.

Birncd or Birured,
Birniiald,
32,

Brestan, 19^.
45,
80.

38,

43,

See

Brotocol, 198, 244.

Bricsie.

also Bernuald, &c.

See Bricsige.

Birucr, 156, 162.

Bricsigc, 330, 406.

Blacaman, Blaceman, or Blacman, 19S,

244,
292,
302,

BricsUin, 244.

310, 320, 325,

330,

Brid or Bridd,

9, 13, 19, 244, 272, :i02,

355, 356, 375, 376, 429, 460, 474.

320, 330, 370, 377, 378.

Blacan,

.90;;?.

Brightmasr, 330.
244, 292, 330, 375,

See Brihtmaor.

Blaceman, 19S,
376.

Brihclm, 244.
Brihinc, 330.
Brihfetan, 244.

See also Blacaman.

Blacer, 330, 455.

Blacman,

330,

376,

429.

See

also

Briht, H3.

Blacaman.

Hrihtfcr or Brihtfra?*, 163, 191, 192,

214.

Blacman, 820.
Blamian, 244.

Bribtlaf or Byrhtlaf,
227, 235.

198,

218, 22(5,

Blarcnmn, 330, 355, 356.

Blaroro, 330, 455.
Bodric, 330.

Brihtmror, Brihttmror, &c., 19s, 244,

283, 285. 302, 402, 437, 438, 474. 314,
330, 397,
3;t.s,

Boeg, 122, 128.

446, 449, 450, 460,

Boga, Bogea, Boiga, or Boia, 32, 01,

83,98, 101, 105, 108, 122, 128, 142,
146,
156, 158, 160,

Brihtno,
460.

i5S

244, 258, 297, 330, 374,

163,

168,

189,

f.02

II.

IN1>KX
198, 393,

OF MONEVEUS.
Brnnic, Bruninc, Bruninp, Brunninc,
Bryiiiiic,
iScc.,

Brllitrf^l, 211. 2R8,

302, 830, 399, 403,

407,

4*21.',

4r.7.

103,

190,

198,

218,

Urilitric,
'Jit,

I^^i^rio,

or

Ilrylitric,

244, 283, 288,

434.

330,

372, 389, 390,

:i()J,

330,

350, 372, 392,

43'), 43t;,

437, 400, 4G4.

Bruninnn, 244, 285, 287, 802, 330.

See

Urililtinwr, 302.

See Brihlmscr.

aho BrumfiB.
Brunn.
See Brun.

IJrilitwcn, 24^1.
llrilitwi,

244, 460.

Brunuese, 330, 350. See aho Bninbyse,

Bi unnic, 244.

llrihtwii.o or IJyrhtwino, IDS, 244, 288,

H()2, 3:J0,

See Bruoic.

409, 418, 430, 437.

Brunninc.

See Brunic.
S''e

Brilitwol.l or liyrtitwold, 163, 198, 240,

Brannstan.

Brunstan.

244, 281, 330, 445, 400, 409.

Briliwi, 418.

Brunnusel, 330, 391.

See Brihtwine.

Bmnred,

320.

Brin, 830.
Brinit, 330.

Brunstan, Bronctan, or Brinstan, 198,

227, 229,

240,

244,

300, 302,

317,

Brinstnn, 244.
Brintrcil.

See Brunstan.

318, 320, 330, 454.

See Brilitred.

Bruntat, 198, 221, 244.

Brinwold, 330, 421.

J?ritf.T8 or Brilitfer, 163, 178.

Brunti, 19S.

Brunwine, Bruwin, Brynwine, or Burwine, 244, 302, 316,

.320,

Briuninc,

15t>,

161.

330, 431,

Brixi, 3:50, 442.

432,436,437,400,471.
Bruwin, 302.
Bryhtred, 19S.
Bryhtric, 198.

Brixoie.

See Bricsige.

See Brunwine.

Bri^nrd, 32, 61.

Bri?ric, 330.

See Brilitric. See Brunhyse.

See Brihtric.
f^3,

Bruchysc, 330.
Bniinnc, 330.

Bryhtuald or Bryhtwald,
Brjngar, 244, 285.
Brynia, 244.

101, 121.

See also

Bmngar.
See also

Brum,

330, 372.

Briuua, 244.

Bryninc, 19S, 244, 330, 390.

Bruinan, Briuusan, or Brunman, 19S,

244, 281,

Bruninc.

285, 287, 302, 330,

343,

Brynwine,

5.90.

See Brunwine.

344, 372.

Buga,

32, 61, 83, 89, 98.

Brumiiion

Bruiunau), 400, 465.

See aho Bruman.

Bulered, 330.

See Bured.

Bruiniian, 330, 344.

Burdel, 101, 112.

Brun, Bninn, or Bruna, 198, 230, 244,

302, 320, 326, 330, 444.

Burden, S3.

Bured or Bulered,
BurgnoS,

330, 407.

Druncar, 302, 314.

See

aho Brungar.

Burcwine, 244, 330, 437, 438.

27, 28, 32.

Brunctan, 244, 320.

Bruiiilwinc, 330.

See Brunstan.

Burgwinc, 400, 471.

Brum-d, 32,41,42,45.
Bningar, Bryngar, &c., 193, 244, 283,
285, 287, 291,
423. 302,

Burhstan or Bumstan, 191, 19S.

Burhtelm, 101.
314,
330,

409,

Burhwold

or Burwold, 244.

Barnard, 142, 145.

Biirncld, 101.

See aho Bernard.

Brnubyso, 330, 350.

II.

INDEX
32,

OF MONEYERS.

503

Ilumi'lin,

Buruhulm, or Byrnelm,

r>oi

II.

INDKX

or MONEYEKS.

Cioln, 330.

II. INDEX OF MONEYERS.

Corf, Corff, or Oorrf,

505

302,

314,

not;

II. INDEX OF MONEYKUS:

Dorlf.', 101.

Di-orlaf. 1(!3, 171.

Di-orninn or Dlorman, 330, 351, 412,

430, 131.
I)<-orino<l

Durulf, 122, 129, 147.

See alto Deorolf.

D<jrwine, 193.

or

Dooramod,

83, 99.

Dranlirig, 193.

Dtornred, 83.
I),<.rnir,

Dregel, Drogl, &c., 122, 129.

Drciul, 142, 147.

Dcorsig, Dcorrtigc, or Dyrsigc,

IVS, 214, 2G7, 273. 3U2, 330. 379.

Dring, 198, 222, 244.

Drtolf, 193.

Deoruhg, 198.
D.orulf or Diorulf, 101, 108, 110, 119,
1

Drhwold, 198.
Driuniug, 156.

Sec Drybtuald.

12, 147, 150, 158, 163, 173, 191.

DooruuiilJ or Diuruuald, 83, 90, 101;

122.

Dropa

or

Drowa, 244, 299.

Drungar, 244.
431, 460, 470.

Dormon, 330, 430,

Dcrwino, 244.

Dryhtuald or
121.

Dryhtwald,

63,

101,

Diar, 9, 14, 15, 16. 17, 18.

Duda, 19S.

Diarald, 32, 65.

See

aho Diaruald.

Dudda

or

Dudd,

27, 29, 32.

Diurclm, 122, 129.

Duddinc, 302.

Diarbelm, 82.
Diarniod, 22, 24.

DudelorDudele, i9S.
Dudelet, 122, 129.

Diarmund,

32, 58.

Diaruald, 32, 39, 44, 65.

Diarulf, 27, 28.

Dudeman, 156, Dude wine, 32.

Dudig, 32,
142, 147.

163, 168.

65, 80, 83, 90, 95, 122, 130,

Diaruuald, 101, 122. Diga, 27, 29.

Dilion, 198, 219.

See Deoruuald.

Dudinc, 330, 382, 397, 407.

Dudinic, 320.

Diora, S3.

See Deora.
193. 431.

Dudsemon,
See

163.

Dioreman or Dyrcman,
Dioriuan,
330, 430,

Duducol, 330, 426.

also

Duduiue,

9, 18, 22, 24.

Dcorman.
Diormod,
1, 6, 7.

Dufacan, 302, 309.

Dufnelm, i9S.
See aho Dcorulf.

Diorulf, 101, 119.

Duine, 32, 58.

Dircman, 330, 400, 412.

Direme, 330, 457. Dircwinc or Dyrewiae, 19S.
Dirinc or Dyrinc, 830, 344.
Dirsigc. 199.

Dulwic, 330, 400.

Dun,
See

9, 19, 20,

163, 169, 191, 193,

19-^.

aho Dunn.

Dunberd, 320.
Duncild, 198.

Doda, Dodda, or Dode, 193, 244, 320.

Dodnic,
.330.

Dunic, 191. Duniuc, Duning, Dunninc, &c., 32, 40,

58, 60, 156, 159, 330, 377, 378, 390.

Dodnorr>, 163.

Dodrig, 193.

Dunn
See alfo

or

Dunna,
-See

27, 29. 32, 57, 58, 66,

Domences,

101, 116, 122, 129.

156, 161.

aho Dun.

Demcnec.
Doniiuic, 101,116.
Se-e

Dunstan, 198, 214, 244.

aleo

Domencce.

Dunioaii, 302.

II.

INDEX

OF MONEYERS.
404, 410, 454, 400, 466.

507
See also

Duraint, 122, 130.

Duran, 142, 198.

iEdric.

Durnnd, Durandes, or Durant, 122, 130,

163, 178, 188, 19S.

Eadmo,

199.

Eadsi, 199, 245.

Durberd, 330.
Duriant, 101.

Eadsig, Eadsige, Ediigc, &c., 199, 227,

232, 238, 245, 262.

D urine, 330, 414.

Durlac, 83.

Eadsme,

199, 223.
82, 07, 101, 122,

Eadstan or Edstan,
130, 199, 209, 331.

Durreb, 330, 400.

Durtan, 19S.
Durul, 330.

Eaduald or Eadueald,
also

32, 40, 06.

See

Eadwald.
59.

Durwig, 2M.

Eadueard, 32,
See Dioreman.

See also Adueard,

22, 24, 32, 59, 101,

Dynyn,

1, 7.

Eadulf or Eaduulf,

Dyreman,

198.

lie, 156,163,215.

Dyrewine, 198.
Dyrbtuijer, 198.

Eaduuald.

See Eadwald.
or Edwacer, 199, 802, 310.
32, 80,

Eadwacer

Dyrinc, 330.
Dyrsige, 244.

See Dirinc.
See Deorsige.

Eadwald, Eadweald,or Edwald,

Eadwold.

83, 90, 24.5, 302, 330, 331, 400.

See

Dyyn,

20.

See Dun.

also

Eadward,

Eadweard, Eadwerd, Ed-

ward, Edwerd, &c., 122, 131, 199,

E.
Eadeasge, 199.

223, 226, 232, 296, 302, 346,

245,

281,

285,

293,

319, 320, 330, 331, 344,

359, 375, 384, 385, 457,

Eadelm

or

Edchn, 199.

345, 460.

Eadered, 83, 90.

Eadfred, 83, 90.

Eadwi, 199.

See also Edwi.

Eadgar

or

Edgar, 101, 122, 199, 220,

Eadwig

or

Edwig, 199, 245, 289, 302,

331, 348,

241, 244, 245, 283, 330, 331, 342.

Eailgild, 101, 122.

320, 327, 330,

384, 400, 412.

357,

372,

Eadlielm, 32, 83.

Eadlaf, 101, 108, 199.

Eadwiue
.

or

Edwiue, 103, 174, 191, 199,

223, 225, 226, 227, 233, 238, 245, 260,

262, 275, 281, 283, 286, 303, 309, 318,

Eadma3r or Eudmor,
See also Ednia3r

103,

170,

199.

320, 330, 331, 381, 385, 387, 400,404,

83, 90, 99, 101,

Eadmund
109,

or

Edmund,
110,

407, 410, 414, 415, 416, 420, 421, 422,

423, 431, 460, 462, 408.

110, 111,

122,

130,

142,

147,

156,

159,

163, 172,

186, 190,

Eadwod,

199.

199, 226, 244, 281, 330, 331, 407.

Eadwold
314,

or Edwold, 199, 210, 211, 224,

Eadno, 191,

199, 211,244, 281.

226, 227, 229, 245,281, 283, 285, 302, 330,

331,

Eadred, Edrcd, or Edired, S3, 102. 113,

122, 130, 245, 285, 331, 407, 410.

397, 406, 410, 412.

See also Eadwald.

218,

Eatlric

or Edric,

101,

199, 215,

Eaenolf, 156, 161.

221, 245, 275, 283, 294,

320, 329, 330, 331, 391,

302,
392,

318,

Eacrn, 245.
Eaetau, 32, 67.

396,

508
EaKnuin.l.
Ivilcti. 13.

II.

-INDKX OF MONEYERS.
Erghr
rd, 101.

fier Kiilpnjuntl.

330.
or KaMobcrd, 245,201.

Eclafor Ellaf, 83, 91,

117,199.

101, 102,

111,

See also Eil&f.

EftliliilM'ftrd

Knl.lpir. 199,
luil.lrtxl.

Wi,

:W0, 112.

Eerie, 245, 292.

22,21, 199. 2:n.a/.5.

Kal.linilf, 32,

Ecuulf or Ecwulf, 32, 68.

Ecwig, 331, 410.
Eowulf, 32, 08.
E.la, 199.

KaMiilf or

C1,'XW, 410.

KuMwiK',

3:),

41S.

See also Ecuiilf.

EalfBip.'. 1(53, 18t;.

Kulprtr, 245.
KulK'ftrt, 122.

See Ealdgar.

Ediolbriht, 199.

Edculf. 32, 45.

Kal^,'imin.l, 9, 13.

Edelgar, 83, 91.

Eulh.stnn, 83, 91,

9^

99, 101, 190, 224,

Edelic, 331.

225, 220.
Eiilstan, 199.

See

ahn Alhstan.

Edelm,

199.

See Eadelm.

See alto Eahlatan.

Edclric, 199.

Earner, 199.

Edclstan, 32, 69.

Eainund, 199.
Eiiniuund,
9, 13, 10.

Edelstan and Gelda, 69.

Edelwine, 224.
Edcred, 199.
Edfecer, 199.
See ^Stlwine.

Eanrcil, 163.
Eaiiulf, 10.3, 178, 191, 194.

Eanute, 191.

Edgar, 244, 245, 283, 830, 331, 342.

See also Eadgar.

Eanwald,

9, 15.

Eanwcrd, 330.
Earcil, 330, 309.

Edhie, 302.

Edin, 331, 397.

Edired, 122.
See Eadred.

EiirdnoS or Erdno, 199, 245.

Eurdulf, 101, 122, 131, 142, 147.

Edire, 122.
Ediric, 245.

Eardwulf,
YaxcA, 83.

9, 83.

See Edric.

Edmajr, 245, 261, 302, 309, 320, 331,

Sve Arncetel.
357.

Enraoytcl, 245.

See also Eadniser.

199, 244, 331.

Earngrim, 245, 208. See also Erngrim.

Eamulf,

101.

See Arnulf.

Edmund, 101, Eadmund.

Edraed, 302.

See also

Eamwi,

320, 331, 380, 381, 428.

Rirnwulf, 83.

See Eamulf.

Edred, 102, 113, 245, 285, 331, 407,

410.

Earward,

S3.

See also Eadred.

218, 221,
245, 275,

Eistma>r. 331, 440.

Edric, 199,

283,

Eastnicr, 400, 473.

294, 302, 318, 320,

392, 396, 404,
aigo

329, 331, 391,

Eaatulf, 199.

Sec algo Faatulf.

175,

410,

454, 460, 466.

Eatstan,

103,

199.

See

See also .Sdric

and Eadric.
2J5.

Ead:)tan.

Edrice Edriec

( (

Fjiwidf, S3, 331, 373.

= Edric), = Edric).

55i.

EaiSno>, 244.

See EadnoJS.

Edsie or Edsii, 245, 261, 262, 331, 357.

Edsieie, 302.
Edflige, 199,

Eoborht, 32, 07, 101, 107, 110.

Erfor, 199.
R'^jbriht, 122.

227, 232, 245, 262.

See

also Eadsige.

II.

INDEX

OF MONEYERS.

509

Edsigeware, 245, 2G2.

510
320,
.'131,

II.

INDKX
Sei:

OF M0NEYP:RS.
Eowiiio, 303.

100,

111,

III.

also

iiCirHtiui.
Kifiiiii.i
171),
(.r

Emrd,
Kirwiii.i, a2, no, 122, ic:?,
St'c

102.

See Efrard.

ErcoiilmM, 122, 163.

191.

aht) yElfwaltl.

Erduo*,

2-15.

See EardnoJS.

Elfword, 329.

See iElfward.

Ere, 102, 111.

Elfwi or EKwic, 102, 243, 282, 460.

Str also vKlfwi.

Ertmbald, 122.
Krewino, 199, 212,
Kr.ic, 122.

Klfwig, 197.

See iElfwig.

See Freic.

Elfwinc, 273, 27G, 282, 329, 313, 350,

3G1, 441,

Erfric, 331, 357.

375, 443,

3119, 40.3,

420,
4(J2.

421,

433,

Ergimbult, 122, 140.

444, 4G0,

See also

Ergrim, 303.
Eric, 102.
Ericil, 122.

See Erngrim.

iElfwino.
Eli, 32, 38, 55.

Elln, 27, 29.

Ericuuald, 32, 69.

See also Eclaf.
345, 346.

EUaf, S3, 102, 111.

Erim

or Erimcs, 142, 156.

331.

Elrsed or Elrcd, 329, 331,

Ermwi,
302,

See also iElrajd.

Eiric, 331, 381.
Elsii 0, 453.

Erucctel, Erncyttl, or Erncil, 305, 331,

460, 463.

See also Amcetel

See Elfsie. See ^Ifsige.

and Earncytel.
Erngrim or Ergrim, 245, 303, 329, 331,
362, 363.

Elsipo, 329.
Elst, 24.1.

See also

Amgrim and

Eltan, 331, 3G2.

Earngrim.

Elwinc, 331, 421, 444.

Eulx>rht, 101.

Eruwi, 303.
Erostulf, 199.

See also Cenberht

Endiwern, 243.
Endric or Enric, 331.
Engilberht, 102.

Ero, 148.
Ertan, 446.
Escea, 199.

See FroiSric. See Estan.

Engilbrcd, 142, 148.

Enrip, 331.

Escman,

191, 195.

See also .^scman.

Esctli, l'J9.

Eoda, 199.
Eodin, 142.

Estan, 243, 245, 256, 303, 329, 331, 423,

445, 446.

See also iEstan.

Eodmnn,

199.

Esther, 331, 397.

Estmajr, 331. See ^stmscr.

Eoferard, i3.
Eoftrcd, 15G. 159.

Estmund, 331, 410, 453, 454, 455.

S3, 102, 113,

Eofermimd or Efermund,
122, 131. 163.

Eswig, 199, 234.

Etfern, 163.
Etile, S3.

See also Ascwig.

Eofenilf, 1G3, 174.

Eofrcd,

4>i0.

Etrum, 102.
Etsigc,

E'la, 331, 3G1.

245,

2G1, 284, 291, 303, 320,

Eol, 245.

331, 353, 407.

See also Eadsige.

See also Eadstan.

Eonrcd, 303.
Eorflf,

Etstan, 24i, 331, 374.

Ettige, 245.

331.

See Etsige.
331.

E.irod or EoroiS, 142, 156, 160, 171, ISG.

Eturcol

= Styrcol ?),

II.

INDEX

OP MONEYERS.

511

Eulgart, 122, 132.

512
FmiilmM.
.93.

II.

INKKX OF MONEYERH.
Garulf, 83, 102, 199, 245,
.331,

440, 448.

Fninl. 102, 110,

150,
151).

122,

i:!2,

112,

MH,

fu'oilaf, 2-in.

Gclda, 32, 69.

Fro<lar.l or

Fndml,

122, 141, 112, 155.

Stie

(Jeldcwinc, Gildcwino, Guldcwinc, or

Frl<^ric, l(j4, 186.

aUo Froric.

Gyldcwinc, 303, 308, 331, 344, 345,

.346,

Fn^ur(^, V>2.

S<f also

Vu dard.

347, 387.

Fn^i

rir,

InH

S'C Kro^^ic.
S'^e

Gcnard, 102, 106.

Gcola, 331, 3G3.
Gertfin, 460.

Fri'?lt)winr, 24f).

FriScwino.

FroJSic, Freice8,or FruSiciu, 122, 142,

148, 156, 161, 164, 169, 184, 245, 282.

Geundferd or GundferS, 122, 132.

Giencea, 102.
Gife or Gire, 102, 199, 831, 395.

Frioulf, 3.
Fri?;, &3.
Fri?!c<.l.

245, 204, 2G8.

Gilacris or Gillacris, 303.

FriSfbi rht, Fricbriht, or FriXclberht,

83, 91, 102.

Gildewino, 331, 347, 387.

See

also

Geldewine.
Gilles, Gillus, Gillys, or Gyllis,

FriStmund, 331.
FriSowino or FriSiwine, 245, 292, 303,
331.

142,

164, 171, 186.

Ste also Fre*ewine.

Gilm, 164.

See also Cylm.

Frii, 320, 327.

Gilpin, 331, 420.

Giinulf, 245, 268.

Froma

or

Frome, 331, 352, 353.

See aho Grimnlf.

Fron, 331, 352, 460, 462.

Frostulf or Fr08ulf, 199.

Giodwine, 199.

See Godwine.

Giolwulf (Ciolwulf ?), 32.

).

Frotgar or Frotger, 102, 113, 12

See

Giougbald, 102, 112, 122.

Gire, 331.
Gis, 102.

aho FroXgar.
Frotierm, 102.

See Gife.

Fro, 142, 148.

Gislehclm, 142.
158.

Frogar or

Froger, 102, 156,

Gislemer, 102, 117, 123, 142, 149

Glifwine, 331, 410.

See also Frotgar.

Froric or Frceric, 142, 148, 156, 159,

164, 171.

Glonnulf, 191.

See also Frcoric.

164, 199, 238.

Gnapa, 123.
Gnorine, 245.

See Cnapa.

Frycmund,
Fulrad, 102.

Fugel, 102, 117, 122, 132, 141.

God

or Godd, 199, 216, 217, 225, 24.5,

303, 314, 316.

Fyhtltflp, 199.

Goda

or Godda, 32, 71, 80, 199, 213,

Fynuclm,

142.

229, 230,233, 236, 245, 290, 291, 303.

Godaeg, Godog, or Godieg, 199, 234.

Godaman,

245,

286,

303.

See

also

G.
Gaoald, 83.
GftrLftr.l, 83,

Godman.
Godan, 245, 303.
Godcild, Godrildd, or
295, 305, 320, 331, 438.

91,95, 102, HI.

Gotcild,

245,

Garfiu, 199, 331, 396.

Gamwi,

331.
I

Godcirca, 245.

Garuiuc, 32, 71.

Godd, 245, 316.

See also God.

II.

INDEX
Gode-

OF MONEVEKS,
393,

513

Goddere, 215, 284.

Godefer<5,

See also Godere.

394, 395, 4(0, 405, 407, 410,

Godefre<5, Godefri^,

412, 414, 415, 416, 417, 426, 428,

434, 443, 456, 460, 468, 470, 474.

fry, or Godfcr, 15G, IGl, 199, 245,

274, 275.

Godric and Calic, 24), 820.

See Godaeg.

Godeg, 199.
Gudela, 245.

Godric and Swot, 245, 280.

Godrine, 199.

Godelef, Godeleof, Godkof, or

God-

Godsie, 303, 314.

See also Guldsie.

'

leow, 199, 234, 235, 245, 274, 331,

455.

Godsige, 303, 314.

See also Goldsige.

Godsune
199, 227, 245, 2G0, 28G, 299,

or Godsunu, 245, 320, 331,

Godelfold, 331.

404, 458.

See also Godesune.

Godeman,

Godwi, 245, 331, 400, 456.

331, 439.

See also Godruan.

Godwic

or

Godwig, 199, 331, 404.

Goder, Godere, or Goddoie, 199, 224,

245, 284, 286, 287, 331, 410.

Godwin, 245, 381.

Godwine

or Godwince, 803, 331, 384.

Goderic, 331, 428.

See also Godric.

Godwine and Ceoca,

222,

331.

Godesbrand, 331, 426, 460.

Godwine, 199, 210, 211, 212, 217, 218,

227,
258, 229, 270,

Godesune, Godsune, Godsunu, or Got8unu, 245, 820, 331, 375, 397, 404,
458.

235, 239, 240, 245,

271, 289,
311, 331,

256,
278,

272, 275, 276,

290,

284, 287,

292, 293, 314, 343, 373, 315, 348, 375,

Godfer, 199.

See Godefer.

298, 299, 303,

313,
341, 364,

Godgod, 245.
Godi, 831.

320, 327, 328, 349, 351,

354, 355,

Godic, 245.

380, 383, 384,

385, 386,

397, 398,
408, 410,

Godieg, 199.

See Godseg. See

400,

402,

404, 405, 407, 417, 444,

420, 445, 423,

Godin
also

or Godine, 142, 149, 308.

413, 414, 432, 439,

427, 431,

Godwine.
See also

447, 449, 450,

Godine, 199, 232, 245, 308.

456, 457, 460, 462, 466.

Godine.

Godwine and
375.

Caa, 245, 298.

Godlamb, 331,
Godleow, 199.

Godleof, 245, 274.

See also Godelef.

lef.

See Godi

Godwine and Ceoca, 245, 308, 320. Godwine and Stewer, 808. Godwine and "NVidia (Wudia), 245,
a05, 331,447.

Godman, Godaman, Godeman, Godmon, or Goraan, 199, 210, 211, 212,

224, 264, 227, 229, 238, 240, 268,
245,

Godwine and Wudia,

Goere, 245, 286.

320, 328.

260,

See also Godere.

282, 286, 289, 299, 808,

Goinc, 245.

331, 380, 410, 434, 439, 446.

Gola

or

GoUa, 200,

831.

Godra, 199.
Godric,

Golda, 320, 325.

Goodric, Goric, or

Goderic,

Goldan, 381.
Goldcytel, 320, 325.

Gotric, 199, 217, 226, 227, 245, 259,

270, 286,

271,

274,

276, 280, 282,

312,

284, 320,
373,
392.

Goldman, 331, 3ol, 400.

Goldsie, Golddige, or
313,
111.

293, 303, 308,

316, 371, 391,

Goltsige,
402,

303, 404,

325, 326, 331, 340, 341, 382, 384, 387, 388,

390.

314, 320, 331, 401.

2 L

514
OoldHtnti. 2011

II.

INDEX

OF MONEYERS.
Gnnloof or Gunnlcof, 200, 216,
(lUnno, S3.
277.

Ool.liiH, 200, 2:W, 2\r>, 202.

Gohlwino, 200.
404,
4r.3,

22fi.

233, 331, 380, 383,

Gunni, 200, 209.

400, 473.

Gunnula, 191.
Gunnulf, 164.
Gunsig, 246.
See

Golprim,

2()<).

See Colprim.

(Jollft, 2(X).

Ser ahi) (Sola.

fJoltaipo. 30.1, 331, 101, 402, 404.

Gunstan, 200.
Guntcr, S3.

aln Ooldsigo.

Goltsino, 331, 401. 408.

Gunucrd, 164, 180.

Guolfwino, 331, 374.

Gomnn,

245,

28fi.

Gonwinc, 245, 303.

GiXMlric, 24o.

See Godwine.

Gustan or Gustin, 246, 279.

GuShcre, 32, 71.
Guort, 331.

See Godric.
See also Godric.

Goric, 303, 308.

Gotji or Gotiif, 102, 117, 123, 132.

Gurcd, 331, 383.

Gwelic, 331, 455.

Gotcild, 245, 303.

Gotric, 245, 284.
(iotsalin, 245.

See Godcild. See also Godric.

Gyldewine, 303, 308, 331, 344, 345.

See also Geldcwine.

Got^Hiiu, 331, 375.

See also Godcsunc.

311.

Gyllis, 164.

See Gilles.

Gowino,

299,

303,

See

also

Gynsige.
Gytel, 156.

See Cynsige.

Godwino.

See Cytel.

Gowno,

331.

(JoSroaii, 245.

See Godman.
See Godric.

Go?rie, 331.

H.
Haculf, 164, 180.

Grid, 1G4, ISO, 189.

Grim, 142, 149, 156, 158, 164, 168,191,

196, 200, 223, 241, 245, 272.

Hadebald, 83, 128.

Hregenrede, 102.

Grininn, 245.

HxTgod

or Haregod, 331, 421, 422.

Grimcetcl or Grimcytcl, 245, 278.

Griniolf or Grimulf, 245, 205, 268, 303,
331.

II?erra, 303, 309, 320.

lijerred or Herred, 331, 442, 443.

Hafgrim, 191, 194.

83, 91, 95, 102, 123.

Grimwald,

Haldbere, 32, 71.

Grind, 191, 194, 200, 222.

Grinulc, 331.
See Grimulf.
267.

Haldene, 331,429.

Hana

or

Hanen, 123.
191,
194,

Grucan,

24.i,

See also Crucan.

Hancrcut,

200.

See

also

Gniiipir, 245.

Mancrent
See also Crurn.

or Nancrent.

Gnirn, 246, 264.

Hangrim,
Harcin,

191.

Guldcwinc, 331, 344, 346.

Gcldowino.
(Jnnar or Gunor, 200.
GHniUK>rlit,
S.9.

See also

331,

431,

458.

See

also

Mnrcin.

Haregod, 331, 422.

Harger, 102, 117.
See

See also Hsergod.

Gundfer, 122, 132.

for.

ahn Gound-

Harucytel, 200.

See Arncytel.

HarSaciiut, HarSecnut, or HuarSccnut,

24r,.

Gunliwat, 200,

246, 303.

II.

INDEX

OF MONEYERS.

515

Hateman or HatmaD, Hwateman.

HaiSebald, S3.
HaiSelberht, 102.

246.

See also

Herigar or Heriger, 142, 156, 161, 164,

180.

Herolf or Horolfcs, 164, 189.

Herred, 331, 443.
117.

See also Hserred.

Haelwold, 102,

Herric, 102.
Set also Hcre-

Hcahearhf, 22, 24.

bearht.

Herulf or
Hereulf.

Herwulf,

200.

See

aho

Heahmotl, 27, 31.

Healf, 32.

Hewulf, 200.

See Heawulf.
See also Heaulf.

Heewulf, 331, 451.

91.

Heardher, 83,

Heul, 83.
See Har^acnut. See also Ilrawulf.

Hear^ecnut, 246.
Heauulf, 32, 50, 71.

Hiardi, 200.
Higolf.

See Hingolf.

Heawulf
228.

or Heauulf, 32, 50, 71, 200,

Hild, 191, 196.

Hilde, 164.

Heaewi, 460, 473.

Hildeomert, 123.
451.

Heaulf or Heewulf, 331,

Hebeca,
9, 14, 32, 56.
9.

Hildolf or Hildulf, 102, 142, 200, 216,

246, 263, 265, 268, 320.

Hedebeald,

Hildred, 246.
?) 32, 62.

Heirseric, (Ciresrien

Hildsige, 200.
Hildulf.

Heldalt, 102, 107.

See Hildolf.

Helican, 32, 71.

Hiltwine, 164.
9,

Hcrebaldor Herebtald,
22, 24, 27, 30, 32, 83.

14,

15, 17,

Hingolf or Ingolf, 164, 181, 191.

Hlangulf, 331, 419.

Herebearht,

Hereberht,

Hercbert,

Horn, 331, 423.

Hotaf, 123.

Heriberht, Herebreht, or Herebyrht,

9, 17, 24, 32, 46, 164, 180, 200, 220.

Hrodear or Hrogar,
142.

102,

112,

123,

Hcrebeav, 102.
Hereberht, 200.
Herebert, 32, 40,
See Herebearht.
164, 180.

Huna,

246.

See Hunna.
9,

See aho

Iluubearht or Hunberht,
18, 22, 25, 32, 72.

13, 14, 17,

Herebearht.

Herebreht

or

Herebyrlit,

200,

220.

Hunbein, 164,

181.

See also Unboin.

See also Herebearht.

Hereferd, Hereford, or IIerefre<5,
24, 32, 40, 71, 164. 22,

Hundolf

or Hundulf, 200, 21.5.

Iluneinan, 200, 246, 202.

Hunewine, 200, 236,

357.

240,

201,

331,

Heregcard, 22, 24.

Hereman, 123,

164, 180.

Hunfrtd

or IIuiifrc, 32, 40, S3.

Heremfretia, 83.
Ileroinod, 32, 72, 83, 96, 98, 102, 123,
132, 142, 1.56, 104, 174.

Hungar, 102.
Hunia, 200.
Kuniga,. 200.

Heremund,

22, 25, 32, 72.

27, 30, 32, 72.

Hunlaf,
142.

83,

98,

102,

lOS,

123,

133,

Herculf or Hcrouulf,

Herowig, 123, 133, 156.

Heriberht, 32, 46.
Sec also Ilerebiarht.

Hunna, 246,303,320.
lluured, 9, 18, 22, 25, 142, 149.
2
I.

r.in

IMU.X

MoNKYKKS,
lofcrnnmd, 83. 98.

Ilunric,

JO-J.
11'.',

IlnnKnfl.

I.V).

lohann or

lolian,

102,

117, 161, 191.

HiiMKiK''. I2:<. VXi.

IIiiiiHtun,
'JiiO.
IJ'.tO,

See also lulian.

I'.kctcl, 332, [iW.
it'.M.

Ste

aho
359.

Iocott!l.

Hiitnirl, .Tll.aSK,

lola, If.Ua, or lole, 332, 363, 365, 366.

HuH<l>al<l. 112, ir>0

IIu8.n, '2'.

lolana or lonana,
lolcs, 164, 185.

.332,

IIiiHtkn, I'J].
llwilHt'lllliD, 2ix>. ilwaliiiiitiii,
Ilvvatiiiriiiii, iir

lolla, 332.

See loin, See lolana.

lonana,
llwatiiiiiii,

3.i2.

lora, 3.32.
Inrel, 332.

M0,'SS\,21i;,:{():i, .W), ^32, ;H2, 355.

^V^

aUo Hntemau mid Watunian.

2(X).

lounus, 246.
Ira, Ire, or Irra, 200, 216, 246, 265.

Hv80,

Irfara, 83, 99.

Irra, 200, 216.

See also Ira.

loocreo, 332.
Icoriff,

Iscula. 303. Isegol, 200.

332.

Idn, 32, 72.

Isegod,
246.
See .tllfgajt.

Isgod, or

Isengod, 200, 213,

ledulf, 123.
I.'lfgcht. 396.
lelfi,

Isembert, 164, 181.

460.
( = .'Elf\vinc),

Iseward, 246.
350, 372. 452.

Iflfwine
Ifo, 1.

Isgod.

See Isegod.

Isidemau, 320.
3.Vi?.

Ifinc (Lifinc?),

Isnel( = Snel?), i02.

Isulf, 164, 191.

Igere, 102, 123, 13:1

Igereii,
.3.

lua, 83, 92.

Ildnbcrht, 102.

ludelbard, 32, 73.

lufinc, 200.

Here, 102.
Iluld,
2-i(;,

S.e Igere.
305.

lugblet, 332, 361.

Indolf, 191.
Iiigft. 1(>2.

See also In golf.

luhan, 164, 169.

Iulfer, 3.32, 373.

See also loban.

Ingclbcrd, 1G4, 1S5.

lulstan, 200.
Iiirelel,

Ingelberht or Ingelbert, 102, 123.

Ingelbric^, 164.

332, 362.

See

aho

Ingelrics.

Instan, 200, 246.

See lustegeii.
246..

Ingclgftr, 123, 133, 142, 150.

lustegen, lustein, or lustin.

200,
lustin, 246. 279.

279.

Inpelric or Ing.lrice, 102,

238.
Ingoir, 14, ISl. 191.

12, 164,

See lustegen,

Ivc, 142, 155, 164, 182.

Ste

uhn Indolf

and

Ilingiilf.
1)4,

Ingolfor?,

189.

Inpuoo?, 142, 150.

lorctel, loi-itel,
3fi8,
.r

K.
367,

I.iket.l. r>32. 366,

Kuapa, 191.
Kynsige, 200.

See Cuapa.

363, 460, 463.

See Cynsigf.

II.

INDEX

OF MONEYERS.

517

Leodmaor or LeomjEr, 246, 298, 303.

See aho Ladmrcr.

L.
Lacer or Sacer, 191, 19G.
Laduu-cr,

Leofa, 200, 246, 275.

See Lefa.

Leofajlm, 200, 233.

Leofdajg, 832.

Ladiner,

or

Lodmrer, 24G,

See aho Leofedajg.

298, 303, 318, 820, 332, 443, 447.

Lajfwi, 320.

Leofdaji or Lefedei, 505.

Leofdffin, 246, 293.

See Leofwi.

See aho Locfdegn

Lafe, 200.

Leofdag, 200.

Landac, 102, 117.

Landa), S3.

Leofdeg or Leofdegn, 246, 293.

See

aho LeofSegn.
Leofedffig, 246.

Landfer, 142, loO, 246.

See also Leofdaig.

Landwine, 123, 134.

Lanfer, 83, 97.

Leofen or Leofrne, 191.

LeofenaS or LeofenoS, 277, 303, 363,

?),

Lcoewine (=Leofwiae
Lcrie, 246.
Lecfer<5, 164.

24^.

365.

See aho LefenatS and LeofuotS.

Leofgar or Leofgajr, 164, 200, 246.

Leofget, 200.

Lefa, Leofa, or Leva, 200, 220, 246, 275.

Lcfcetel, 332.

Leofgod, 200.

Leofhclm, 164, 189, 200, 233.

^.>e

Lefden, 303.
Lefedei, 303.
Lefei, 246.

aho Lioflielm.
See Leofdasi.

Leof here, 246.

Leof hese, Leofhyse, or Lcofhuse, 200.

Lefena or

LefcuoS, 303, 308, 320,

See also Leofena and

Leofinc, Leofinces, or Leoflng, 164, 189,

325, 332, 381.

200, 246, 279.

Lifinc.

See aho Lefinc and

LeofnoS.
Lefinc or Lefing, 1G4, 185, 200.
also Leofinc

Se^

Leofine, 200.

and

Lifinc.

LtofmEer or Leousajr, 246, 303.

Jjefiiian, 332, 384.

See Leofnian.
S<'e

Leofman or Lcfman, 200,

Leofinor, 200.

332, 384.

Lefric, 200, 303, 454.

aho

Leofric.

Lefstan, 303, 308, 320, 327, 332, 344.

Leofinon, 200.

See aho Leofstan.

Leofmo, 200.
Leofn, 200, 216, 332, 373.

Lefstan and Swenc, 246. Lefwi, 332, 389.

See ahu Leofwi.

Lcofna^,

246.

See

Leofena*

ami

Lefwinc, 318, 319, 392, 413, 420, 424,

431, 458.

IjCofnoS.

See aho Leofwine.

See Leofwold. See Lifing. See aho liCofwiiip.

Leofnel, 164, 189.

Lefwold, 191.
Leifiiic, 314.

Leofnod, 200.

See LcofnoS.

Leofno or Liofno, 200, 220, 221, 224,

228, 246, 258,
312, 320, 332,

Lcifwino,

2(X>.

274, 361,

277,

303,

308. 373,

LciftSo*, 200.

363, 365,

Leisinc, 460, 463.

381, 390, 401.

Leoftnai^.

S,e

oho LefenaS and

Lcmnian, 246.
Lonna,

See Leonitnnn.

164, 182.

Leofred, Lifred, or Liofnd,

286, 303,
401, 401.

2'i0, 24(),
35'.'.

Lcocrine, 431.
Lood.t<ii, 246.

See Leofwine.

314, .120,
4(tS,

3.32.

397.

See LonfdaMi.

411. 433. 451.

518

II.

INIiKX

OF MONEYEllS.
Loofwold or Liofwold, 164, 200, 224,

Li-ifDMl anil nnin, '^IH, -W".

LfMifrir,
i:il.

Lii.fric,

or Lofric,
I(i4,
'2:.!),

102,

12:{,

239, 246, 284, 286, 293, 298, 332,372,

112.

l')0.
It;,

200,

210, 211,
:jo:{,

396, 450, 451, 452, 460, 464, 473.

Lijolword, 3:i2,
3.")1
,

22K, x\2, 2
:u:{,
.'{14,

27:^ 278,
3:!2,
1,

386.

See alto Leof-

aid,
1 1

:i2>,

37;),

383,

ward.

:is8, lot;.

1,

420, 42

432, 435, 460.

LeofSegen or Leofcgn,
320, 332, 342.

2^/),

303. 307,

Loofrino, 200.

See Ixjofwine.

See aho Lcofdogn. See also Leofmser.

UM.fry.l, 200, 228.

Leomajr, 246, 303.

4t;8.

Loofsi,

240,

ICO.

,SVe

also

Leomun,

200.

See Leofman.

Lfofsigo.

Leoraman

or LcmiuaD, 246.

Lcofsif, 332, 408.

Loof8i;< or Leofsigo, 104, 170, 200, 21G,

Leomrcd, 24G.
Leonig, 320.
Leoric.
15C,

217, 240, 270, 272, 284, 332.

Li'ofstaii,

See Leofric. See Leofstan.

Leostan, or
108, 190,
22.5,

Liofstaii,

Leostan, 246, 303.

l.xS

lt;4,

200,

210,

211,

Leowi

or Leowii, 246, 295.

215, 224,

22 G. 228, 246, 282,

320, 326, 327, 332,

Leowic.

See Leofwic.

284, 303, 315,

Leowidi, 246.

344, 345, 347, 371, 374, 397, 422,

427, 439, 440, 443,

Leowine, 280, 293, 303, 411.

Leofwine.

See

aho

460,

4G6, 470.

See aho Lefstan and Lifstau.

Lcofstegt'D, 246.

Leowsige, 200.

See Leofsige.

Leoan, 246, 279.

Lcofsuuu, 200, 240, 297.

Lerman, 246.
Liofweard,
or

Leofward,
Liofwcrd,
4 GO, 4GG.

Leofword,
24i!,

Leuinc, 156, 162.

332, 350, 351, 38G,

Leva, 200.

See Lefa.

Levig, 164, 191, 195.

Leofwi, 246, 303,

See

32\

332, 384,401.

Lewerd, 246.
Liuba or Liuba,
9, 16, 17.

aho Lajfwi and Lcfwi.

See also Leofwig.

Lfofwic, 332, 419.

Liabinc or Liabincg, 22, 25, 27, 30, 32.

Liadrafen, 303, 312.
Liafiuc, 123, 134.

Loofwig or Lofwig, 200, 212,2J^,303,

312.
3.32,

404.

Loofwiiic, 332, 357.

Liafwald, 32.
Lifere, 332.
Lific

Leofwint', Leowine, Ijifwini^, or Liof-

wino, 164, 200, 208, 220, 221, 224,

226, 228, 229, 246, 272, 260,

or Lifice,

277,

332,

360, 372,

261, 262,

473.

See aho Lifinc.

274, 277,

278, 279, 280, 282,

293, 295,

Lifinc, Lifing,or Lyliuc, 102, 121. 142.

284, 286,
21M;,

288, 290, 292,

150, i56, 164,200, 210, 226, 228, 229, 246. 270, 277, 280, 282, 284, 2S9, 295,

298, 303,

307, 320,

309, 313, 315,

332, 344, 345,

317, 318, 319,

303,314, 317, 320, 326, 332, 358, 359,

401, 408, 413, 440, 441, 443. 444, 445,
448, 449, 451, 452, 456, 458, 460,464,

347, 353, 371, 374, 377, 379, 383, 388,

.389,

392,

404, 408,

411,

413, 418,

419. 420, \X\, 41.^.

423,

424. 425, 427, 431,

4.'>4,

471, 473.
Liofinc,

See alao Lefinc, LeofiDc,

444. 44.i,

4.")5,

457,

and Lufinc.
See Lifinc.

458. 4i;0. 161. 4i;i. 171.

Lifiiio. 303, 358.

II.

INDEX

OF MONEYERS.
Liwine, 246, 277.

519

Lifred, 303. 314, 332, 401, 404.

also

See

Leofred and Liofred.

See Leofsige.

Liwing, 200.

See Living.

Lifsig, 332.
Liftitan, 344.

Log, 246, 332, 438, 444, 445.

See Lcofstau.

Loda, 246, 300.

Lifwidya, 2i6.
Lifwinc, 332, 345, 377, 383, 423, 425,
455.

Lodmtur, 303.

See Ladiiia;r.
See Lcofman.

Lofman, 332.
Lofric, 332.

See also Lcofwiuc.

See Leofric. See Leofwig. See Lcofwine.

Lifwine and Hurn, 332, 423.

Ligobird. 123, 134.

Lofwig, 332.
Lofwine, 320.

Lind, 200.

Lindwin, 246.
Lioeri, 200.

Lowman, Luceman
See also LiofnoS.
213.

164.

or

Lycoman,

22, 25.
32, 200,

See Leofric.

Luda, Lude, Ludia, or Ludda,

Liofeuod, 381, 390.

Liofhclm, S3, 102, 111, 123, 134, 24G,

279.

Ludeca, 33, 73.

Ludig, 33, 73.
Lueinc, 332, 435.
Lufa, 200, 246, 290.
Luferic, 240.

See also Leofhelci. See also Lifiuc.

Liofiuc, 332, 413, 445.

Liofmau, 246.
Liofn, 246.
Liofiieu, 24G, 279.

Lufestan, 246.
Lufie, 332.

Liofuo, 200, 221, 246, 332, 381, 390.

See also Leofno<5.

Liofred, 200, 332, 352, 401, 411, 433.

Luffinc or Lufinc, 200, 229, 332, 460,

471.

See also Lifiuc.

See also Leofred.

Liofric, 200, 332, 383, 388, 420.
also Leufric.

Lufric, 303, 332.

See Leofric.

See

Lufstan, 332.

See Leofston.

Lufwine, 246, 332.

See also Leofsige.

See Lcofwine.

Liofsige, 284.

Lulla, 27, 30, 33, 58, 74.

Liofstan, 1G4, 168, 190, 200, 246, 332,

347, 440.

Lumar, 200.
Luning,
33. 22, 25.

See also Lcofstan.

Liofwcard or Liofwerd, 246, 332, 386.

See also Leofward.

Lyceman,

See also Luceman.

Lyefca or Lyva, 200.

Lyfinc, 164, 200, 228, 246.
Lifinc.

Liofwine, 200, 246, 277, 282, 332, 347,

374, 383, 408, 420, 424,
425,
433.

See also

See also Lcofwine.

Lyfsye, 200.
450.

LiofwoM, 200, 224,

Ltofwuld.
Liouiiig, 102.

:i:{2,

Srr also

Lylelman, Lytinian, or Litman, 200,

217.
<SVe a/so
20<).

Litehnan.

Lyva,

See Lyefea.

Litclmnn or Litilman, ]02, 117, 123,

134, 156.

See also Lytulinan. See Lytclinan. See Liaba. See Livogod.

Liiman, 200.
Liuba,
0, 16.

M.
Macsu<5;in, 2H'., 277.

Liufgod, 200.

Majgrcd, 164.

Livcgod, 200.

Ma)ld or Mfuldomen, 102,

1 10,

123, 135.

Living or Liwing, 200.

MadsuSan

or Ma-lsuSen, 164, 112,191.

020

II.

INDEX
l^r^,

OF MONEYERS.
Marciri, 332, 431,
4.'58.

M/vrloii or MuTlin, 102, 109, 123,

2<)().

Sri'

aim Martin nnd

J(>2.

Mi-rtin.

Marrirale or Marsceale, IGt, 175.

Mnpnnrd,
Mali.
Miin,
/"!'.

.S.7,

Martin, 123, 135, 142, 200.

Miurtin and Mcrtin.
<ir

See nhn

Mann, Mana, Manaii, Manna,

!,

Matan, 2t6.

See aho MatciSan.

Balluc, 246.

Mnnnc,
;t2.

15, KJ, 17. H>, 27, 80, 83,

Mataan and
I\ratcan or

102, 112, 12.3, 13!), 140, 142, 144,

ir.-).

Matan, 246, 278, 280.

i:.i.

1.5C,
i.'>;,

162,

i;4,

loi),

174,

MaelwoId, 102.
Mugenfre*, 102, 118.
See aho Megred.

182,

18.1,
2;t;,

200, 214,
31.'),

2.3G,

24G, 345,

288,
31(5,

.303,

332,

344,

Mcgored, 191.

347, 304, 395, 4r,0, 470.

Sre.

Mcgred, 102, 110, 123, 136.

Melsdon, 191.

Mann.
Mnnac,

Man.

33'2,

Mere wine, 201.

Mertin, 164,
187.

Mnnnn.
Mancca,

See Man.
2(X>.

See

aho

IVIrRrtin

Manrrent,

See alao Hanorent.

and Martin.

142, 151.
See.

Mna, 201.
Manngod.
Moelf, 33, 74.

ManetKl, 136.

Manetn, 123.

Moglu, 34.

Mangod,
Maninc
25. 27,

200, 214, 246.

Moleman, 246.

or Manninc, 9, 13, 18, 19, 22,

:i0.

Monegen

or

MonSign,

102, 114, 120.

33, 5G. 57, 102, 246.

See

Morcere, 332, 356.

See aho Marcere.

also

Mnning.
or

Morgna, 164,
18.3,

183.

Maning
Mann.
Manna.
Maniu'.

Manning, 104,

200, 231.

Morre, 332.

Mai.leof. 303, 320.

Munred,

142.

See JIan.
.S'"

Mus,

246.

Man. Man.

See

^lannecin, 142, 155.

N.
IGO.
-See

Manugwl,
Mangwl.

15G,

159,

also

Nanan, 164,
Nancrent,
liancrent.

183.

191,

194,

2fil.

See

also

iMannic, 191.

See also Alanine.

Mannicen, 123, 125. See also Manticen.

Nanue, 112.
Nansige, 123.

See Manne.

Manninc.

See Maninc.
See Maning.

Manning.

Naumn,
Na^an,
Nebeca,

303.

Manolct, 156.

280.

See Matan.
See Hebeca.

Mansat, 164, 170.

14, 33.

Mansigc, 246.
Mantat, 164, 191.
See also Mansat.

Nelican, 71.

See Helican.
See Herebeald.
See Herebearbt.

Nerebeald, 17.

Manticen, 102, 112, 123, 125, 164, 190.

Nerebeuer,
Nieici, 246.

17.

Manwine, 200, 332, 355.

Marbcrt. S3.

Norbert, 142, 154.

Norulf, 24G, 294.

Marctr or Marcere, 164, 183, 332, 356.

See

aUo Morcere.

Norberd, 164.

II.

INDEX

OF MONEYERS.
Orist or Orst, 246.
Orlaf, 332, 406.

521

Norgar, 142, 151.

Norman,

246, 303, 320.

No^cr, 102,118.
Noulf, 22, 25.
See

OrSric, 400, 405.

Osalf, 201, 225.
14,
17.

See

aho

Ordric.

See aho Osulf.

Nimbeaiit or Nutibeurlit,

Osbam,

247.

See aho Osbern.

Hunbearht.
Nvbald, 102.

Osbearht, 22, 25.

Osbern or Osberen, 201, 247, 201, 320.

Oscetel or Oscytel, 201, 225.
OsferS, 123, 142, 151, 164, 201, 212,
247,

278,

279,

303, 320, 332, 391,

o.
Oba,
1,
fi.

393, 394.

Osfram, 201, 247.

OslryS, 332.

Oban, 201, 21.5,210. Obn, 24(k

Oda,
102, 118, 123, 133, 1G4, 189. 191.
2'.)7,

See Osfer*.

Osgar, 201, 247.

Osgeard, 33.

201, 215, 238, 240,

300.

Osgod

or

Osgot, 142, 201, 214,

See aho Osgut.

247,

Odan, 2n.
Odcotel, 211.

See Oban.

203, 205.
O.sgriiu, 247.

Odda, 201.
Ode, 246.

See Oda. See Oda.

See Oda. See O^grim.

Osgut, 201, 219, 223, 240, 241, 247.

See aho Osgod.
Osherc, 22,
2i),

Odea, 201, 246.

20, 27, 31, 33, 50.

Odgrim, 201.
Odo, 83, 102.

Oslac, 83, 102, 110, 123, 136, 164, 247, 279, 280, 303.
Oslaf, 102, 109, 142, 164, 247.

See aho Oda.

Odu, 201.

See Oda.

Oecinan, 1G4, 183.

Oerlieri
Ofi',

Osmajr, 191, 201, 332, 340, 341.

[=

0elric?], 142.

Osmund,
419,

1, 6, 9,

14, 15, 17, 123, 164,

201,234.

201, 247, 303, 321,

4.33,

332, 384, 415, 409, 471.

Ogca, 104, 173, 191, 196.

434, 460,

See

Ogeman,
Ogn, 201.

164.

aho Omund.
Osolf, 201.

See Osulf.

Oia, 191, 190.

See Boiga.

Osric, 33.

Oierbd, 201.
Oigft, 201.

Osuerd. 201.

S'-e /.<o

Osward.

Osulf, Osuulf, or Oswulf. 33. 74, 83,

Oinuud
See

or

Oaimnnd, 332,

411,

415.

99, 102, 123, 164, 109, 191, 193, 201,

aho Osmund.
332, 413.

220,

228, 229,
Osalf.

241, 247, 282.

See

Omynd,

See (dm Oiiniud.

aho
191.

Ondred, 123.
Onlai; 201, 220.

Oswald, 123, 130, 142. 151, 150, 102,

See aho Oswold.
18.1,

Onuraan, 123.
Ordbrigbt or Ordbriht, 201, 238, 246.
Ordrec, 320, 320.
Ordric, 24(5, 273. 303.

Osward. 104,
Oswart, 102.

247, 332,

.371,

432.

Oswerd, 247.
See

aho

OrtSric

Oswi

or 0.swie, 201, 209, 247, 270.

Ordulf, 83, 92.

O^wig, 201, 209. 247, 270.

522
OHwiiic,
()8W<)I(1,
lliO,

11. INDEX OF M0NEYER8.

OXhIoc, 332, 395.
.l:t2,

ll:i.

201. 2-20, 2-17,

.'{85,

'MC,

0ulf, 201.

an.

See nUu) Uitwalil.

Set!

0urim, 303.

See 0grim. See

Oawiilf, IJ^i.

/w

Osuir.

0cnc!ir, 247, 321.

carl

alw OuScn-

Otic.

l(i-J,

\'2:\,

137, J 56.

and OiScncar.
See aho OSin.

Otwiiie.

.V.Vi?.

0in, 247, 269.

Oiidwl

i)r

OuJScel, 321.

OuMtinan, 2i7.
OiiSLcnrii or
4iU).
(

Oubcni,

2i>l,

3:J'J,

'M'J,

P.
Pastor, S3.

.SVi; alai)

OXbuorn.

)ucel. 821.

Paul, Paules, or Paulus. 102, 109, 110,

118, 120, 123, 137.

Ou}5uiicarl, 821.

OuJSgriin, 201, 247, 332, 370, 4G0, 463.

Pirim, 164.

See Wirim.

Str also OiSgrim.

OuiSiicar or

Pitit, 83, 92, 102, 118, 123, 137.

08encar, 247, 303, 313,

Pororic, 303.

See Wororic.

321.

Sfc also OuiScncnrl.

Price, 332, 420.

Uu8olf, Ouulf, or Ouulf, 332, 368,

370, 460, 463.

Prim, 123.
Prin, 142.

Owulsipe, 247.
OSaii, OXon, OSin, 0<5inne, or 0S<5in,

R.
Eadcr, 303, 315.

247, 268, 269,303, 310, 332, 359, 360,

362.

Kadstan, 164.
Kaeduine, 142, 151.
Rffidulf, 332, 380.
R.-efen, Raifin, or

0barn, 247.
0beorn, 0born, or 0born, 201, 222,
247,
332, 367, 368,

369,

394.

See

Rafen, 164, 189, 201,

aho OutUbiarn.
0bcran, 303.
0bi, 247.

247, 269, 332, 360, 362, 365.

Rasgenald,

102.

See Regenold and

Regnald.
Rajgenbald, 201.
Rajgonold, 123.

OSboni.

See OSbeorn.

0elric, 123, 142, 151.

OSflrilit, 164.

Ricgenulf or Ranulf, 83, 92, 102, 109.

See also 0an.
118, 164, 191, 201.

0in, 332, 362.

OSoncar,
201.

See also

OutSenciirl

Raeienold, 201.

and OJSSincar.
0tTun, 303.
OSctiofTCl, 123.

Rjcnulf, 102, 109.

See also Rffigcnulf.

Rafn or Rafun,
See

164, 189, 201, 332, 365.

aho

Rasfen.

OSgriin. 201, 215, 223, 247, 281, 303,

332. 366, 367, 368. 369, 392,
395. 396.
OiSin.

Randulf, 123.

394,

Reedes, 142.

See aho Ou^grim.

30.S,

Regengrim
See

or

Regegrim, 102.

123.

OSinn, or 0inno, 247, 268,

aho Reingrim.
102.

:U0, 332, 359, 360.

(

See aho OSan.

Regenold, 164.

?;olf,

332, 368.
.}(,?.

See aho Ouolf.

OJSgriiij.

Regenward,

t!5riiii,

.*'

Regingsed, 33.

II.

INDEX

OF MONEYERS.

r)23

Rcgnald, 102, 106.

024
Srifrril.
'Z'i,

li.

INUKX

<iF

MONKYliUS.
Sigewiiic, 201.

25.

Sre nhn SefnJS.

AVfl nlo

Snitwiiu",

/'".

Ccutwiuc.

Sigewulf, 102.
Sigfoldes, 102.

S<M)lfa or Sy..lcH, 2()1, 2-17.

ScrcloiiiM, 2t)l.

Sigod, 332, 341, 342. 400. 461.

Sigodia, 247, 297.
Sfic

Hirtino, 2t7.

Sotmim,

-I'il.

SwcHiimn.

Sigot, 84, 92.

8owiiu>, 201. Soxbyrlit, 164.

Simlcinaii,

See Saswine.

Sigwold. 123.
Sibares, 102.

See Sigar.

\2'3,

138.

Sue also SiJe-

Sililodil, 201.

iimn.
Sibil, 2()1.

Silac, 332, 374.

Simun,

33, 74.

Sibcfxla, Sil)oda, or Sibodf, 20i, 247.

S'-e also

Sino, 247.
Siolf, 201.

Sigboda.

Sibriht, 247.

Sipoda, 247.

See Siboda.

Sibwiiio, 201, 228, 247.

Sirjcnd. 247, 284.

SibMue, 201,228.
Sidemau, 123. 138, 1G4, 173, 201, 332,
438, 439.

Sired or Siredd, 201, 247, 271, 332,347,

411,418.
Siric, 20i, 247, 288.

See aho Sedeman and

Siademan.

Siuard or Siuerd, 102, 107.

Sidewinc or Sidwine, 201, 232, 247.

SiefercS, 14.3,152.

Siwaldor

Siwoltl, 20i.

Siwerd, 321.
Siwold, 201.

Siegrcd, 143.
Siestef, 33, 57.

See also Sigestef.

SitSwine, 201.

See Sidwine.

Siewinc, 332, 359.

Sift-rt,

Ses also Sajwine.

I

Smala, 102, 121.

Smerel, 123.
Smertcali, 143

143,

1.55.

SiferS. 164, 187.

Sigar,

Sigares,

Sigear,

Sigeares,

or
j

SnEcbeorn, Snseborn, Sueaborn, Sneaburn, Siiebearn, Snebeom, or Sne!

Sihares, 102, 123, 138, 143, 152. 247,

297.

born, 332, 366, 367, 368, 370, 460, 463.

Sigboda or Sigebode, 247, 332, 428.

See also Siboda.
Sigear or Sigeares, 123, 247.
Sigar.

Snsewine, Sneawine, or Suewine. 247,

832.

See also

Sneabom
also

or Sneaburn, 332, 366.

See

Snsebeom.
Suebeorii, or Sneboru, 332,

Sigeber,

12.3.

Snebeam,
beorn.

Sigebran.l, 84, 92, 102, IIS.

Sigi-drall, 102.
SigLftrT>, 84, 92, 102, 109, 2()1.

367, 368, 370, 460.

See also Suae-

SiiecoU, 247.
Sneil, 303.

Sigcherc, 22, 25.

Sigeland, 102.
Sigeric, 201, 236.

Snel or Snell, 102, 118, 247, 303, 321.

Sneling, 201, 247.
1,

Sigesti f or Siestef,

33, 56, 57.

Snewine, 332.
Snolf, 201.

See aha Sn^wine.

Sigeulfor Sigeluf, 201.

Sigetiuald,
3:!,

71.

Snoter, 332, 429.

II.

INDEX

OF MONEYERS.
Suinolf, 247.

525

Soemud, 201.
Sota, 102, 119, 247.

Sumerled,
See also Swot.

Sumerleda,

Sumerle^a,

Spot, 2i7, 280, 332, 341.

Sumerlida, Sumerluda, or Sumerly(],

201, 215,
240,

Spracelinc, Spraceling, Spraecaling, or

247,

278, 279, 303,

Spragelinc, 332, 408, 449, 451, 453,

460, 473.

333, 455, 456.

Sumerlr, 303.
See also Sprace-

Spraecaling, 332, 450.

linc.

Sumerluda, 333.
Sumerlyd, 303.

See Sumerleda.
See Sumerled.

Spraful, 247, 207.

Sumred, 455.
See also Sprace-

See Sumerled.

Spragelinc, 332, 408.

linc.

Sundeid, 303.

Sunegod, 201, 247, 278.

Sunolf, 201, 247, 266.

Spronene, 102.
Sprot, 332.
Sprouiild, S4.

See Spot.

Sunrdde, 303.
Sunulf, 201.
Surclos, 191.

Stcengrim or Steingriin, 247, 271.

Staner, 247.
Staniiiajr, 247, 332, 351.

Sumlos, 191.
Surtiiic or Syrtinc, 247, 266. 267.

See

Stear, S4.
Stefanu.-f, 33, 75, 102.

also Swartinc.

Sutere, 460, 463.

Stefhan, 123.
Stegeubit, 201, 222.
Stegenciel, 201.

Swafa, 247, 303, 312, 333.

Swan, 247, 286.

Swarafuc or Swerafuc, 247.

Steiugrim, 247.
Steland, 102.
Steorccr, 201.

See Staengrim.

Swarcolf, 333, 432.

Swart, Sweart, Swearta, or Swcrt, 201,

See also Stircer, &c.
247, 280, 293, 303, 321, 333.

Stewer, 305.
Si ire, 247.

Swartafa or Swertafa, 247.

See Stircar.
Swartcol, Sweartcol, or Swertcol 20i
,

Stircar or Stircer, 201, 247, 2G3.

Stirceore, 303.
Stircer, 201, 247.

333,

364, 365, 367,

369,

370, 390,

460, 464.

See also Stircar and

Swartebrand or Swartefrand, 303.

Swartgar or Sweartcar, 201, 233.
I

Steorcer.
Stircol or Styrcol, 201, 247, 265, 266,

Swartic, Swartinc, Swcartinc, Swertinc,

or Swyrtinc, 201, 231, 247, 277, 280,
303, 312, 321, 333, 353.

303, 332, 360, 364, 365.

Stiulf, 247, 284.

Styrcar,

164,

201.

Ste

Steorcer,

Swatic, 333, 352.

Stircer, &c.

Swearling, 460, 473. SeeaigoSwearfing.

Styrcol, 247, 266, 332, 364.

Stircol.

See aUo

Sweart, 333.

See also Swart. See

Swearta, 247, 280.

aho Swart.
247,

Styrgar, 101.
Suartcol, :3ir.

Sweartabrand
See also Swartcol.
280, 303.

or

Swertebrand,

Sueman, 460, 469.

Suetinc, 247.

Sweartcar, 201.

See Swartgar.

Sre also Swetinc.

Sweartcol, 333, 370, 390, 460, 464.

also Swartcol.

See

Suince, 143.

r>2(

II.

INUKX
HHiJ,
'irnJ,

nV MONKYKIJS.
Hylxida,
2-17.
Si'i;

Swciirliiu'. '^47,UH().

.SVc

nho Hwarlinc.

8igl)0da.

Swc.irtinK
H>0, 471,
inp.

or
I7;t.

Swciirtliiip,
171.
Net;

Sydfiiiiiii, 11)4.

Srr.

Sedcmaii,

aUo

Hwoiirl-

Syoloa, 201.
Byrtinc, 247.

Si-c,

Hcolca.

See Hurtinc.

Swcflu-anl

<'T

Swinunl,
li-Jl,

1,

<">,

7.

Swogon.
MO.

'201,

'217,

277, :UW, ;{09.

T.
Tata,
See Swetinan.
3.3, .57.

Swegn, H33.
Swomiin,
-PiO.

Telia, 123.

Swoiio, 247.

Tidbald, 33, 50.

Swcnccl, 247.
Swi'MC,
i.

Tideman,
Tidgar or
See also Swarafuc.

1.

Ti.lgcr, 102, 109, 110.

Svvcrafuc, 247.

Tidrcd, 247, 333.

Tila, 84, 93, 96, 102.

Swerlinc, 143.

Swert, 20i, 247, 293, 303, 321, 333.

Si-e

Tilefein, 33, 57.

oho Swart and Swcarta.

'247.

Tileuino, Tilcuuiiic, or Tiluuine,

33, 50, 51, 75.

1, G,

SwcrUfn,

See Swartafa.

Swcrtcol, 201, 333, 364.

See Swartcol.
303.

Tileuoie, 33, 75.

Swertcbrand,

247,

280,

See

Timbearht,

1, 6.

Sweartabrand.

Tiotes or Totes, 102.

Swcrtinc or Swyrtinc, 201, 231, 247,

280,
3U3, 321, 333, 353.

Tiruald
75.

or

Tirueald,

9,

19,

33,

40,

See also

Swartinc.

Tibearht,
See also Sweartiug.

1.

Swcrting, 143.

Toca, Toga, or Tooca, 201, 212, 229,

247, 260, 266.

Swet

or Sweta, 247.

Swetinc,
8uctinc.

201,

228,

247.

See

aha

Toci, 321.

Toga, 201, 212, 229.

Tolsi, 333.

See also Toca.

Swctuian, 201, 333, 404, 411, 415, 416,

421,434,400,465,469,472.
Swetric, 333, 417, 422, 442.

Tooca, 247, 266.

See also Toca.

Torhthelm, 84, 102.

Swetya, 201.

Torbtmund,
Torbtwald,
Totes, 102.

22, 25, 26, 27, 31, 33, 58.

Swcau, 333.

Torhtulf, 9. 19, 5i, 22, 25.

9, 15.

Swiloman or Swilman, 201, 238, 247,

299, 303, 333.

See also Tiotes.

Swot, Swota, or Swote, 247, 257, 280,

303, 321, 333, 341.

Trotan, 247, 277.

See also Spot.

Tuda,

S4.

Swotric, 333.

Tuma,

164, 109.

Swmculf, 304.
Swreliuc, 247.
SwTiiiit, 247.

Tummo,

201, 215.

Tuna, 201, 213.

Tuneman,

201.

SwyrcUnc, 191.
Swyrling, 201, 241.
Swvrtiuc. 201, 231.
.SVc

Timulf, 191, 201, 210. Turstan, 102, 120. See also J?ui8tan.

aho 6wcrtinc.

Tyloadrcx, 143.152.

II.

INDEX

OF MONEYERS.
Uualeman,
84, 93.

527

U.
Uceade, Ucede, ami Uccdce, 247, 269,
304, 310.

Uuarin

or

Warin, 143, 152.

See also

Uuajrin.

Uuariner, 84, 93.

Udfe, 333.

Uuealdheard or Uuelbeard,
9, 19, 22, 25.

9, 14, 20.

Uermund,

Uuealdhelm,
Uuefred, 84.

84, 93, 102, 119.

Uhitred, 333, 404.

Uigbald or Uuigbidd,
Uilitmund, 22,
Uilfred, 84.
2G.

33, 16.

Uuelheard,

9, 20.

See also Uuealdheard.

Uuelmlieard,

9, 20.

Uuerstan, 143, 152.

Uilhemt, 201.
Uillaf, 84.

UuiferS or Wiferd, 164, 184. Uuigbald, 33, 76.

See also UinoS.
See aha Uigbald.

Uilno, 22, 26.

Uinas, 201.

Uuihtes or Uuihtseg, 123, 138.

Uuilaf,
123, 138, 143, 152.

See Winas.

See also

Uino,

22, 26.

Uillaf.

Ulanccard, 22, 26.

Ulf, Ulfe, or UlflF, 84, 123, 124, 201, 247,

Uuildaf, 143.

Uuilebert, 143.
Uuilfrctl, 143, 155.

278, 333, 391, 392, 394, 395, 396.

Ulfbeorn, 247.
Ulfcetel or Ulfcytel, 201, 215, 222, 223, 247, 321, 333, 341, 360, 365, 366,
367, 369, 370, 382, 460, 464.
Ulfcil or Ulftil, 304, 333, 364, 366,
369.

Uuilheah,
Willieal).

9,

14,

16,

19.

See

also

Uuillaf or Uuilluf, 84, 102, 119.

also Uuilaf.

See

Uuilric, 102.

See also Ulfcetel. See Ulfcetel.

Uuilsig or Wilsig, 156, 164, 190.

Ulfcytel.

Uuine, 27, 31, 33, 76.

Uuinctin, 143.

Ulfe or Ulff.

See Ulf.

Ulfgrim or Wulfgrim, 201, 202, 217.

Ulfhi, 201.
Ulftil, 304.

Uuinier or Uuiniger,
Uuitelm, 123.

33, 76.

See Ulfcil.

Uulfard or Uulfeard, 26, 33, 57, 84, 93.

See also Uulfheard.

Ulgebert, 123.

UmerS,

247.

Uulfgar, 84, 99, 102, 109,

10.

See also

Unbegn, 201, 222.

Unbein, 143,
See aluo
l.")5,

Wulfgar.
ICI,

181, 201, 223.

Uulfheard, 22, 26, 84, 93, 100,

115, 119.

102,

Unbegn and
360.

Iluuboiu.

Unolf,

3.33,

Uulfman, 103.

See Wulfman.

Unswac, 201.
Uri, 201, 214.

Uulfrcd or UulfrcS, 33, 77, 80, 84, 94,

96, 191.

See also Wulfred.

Urlewine, 333, 340.

Urstan, 460.
Ustinan, 247.
Utti,
.3.33.

Uulfsig or Uulfsige, 84, 102, 120.

also Wulfrfig.

See

See purstiin.

Uulfstun, 102,
143, 153.
?), l.">6, l;V2.

l(t9,

110,

ll!t,

123,138,

See also Wiilfstun.

Uuiorin (Wariu
Uualdfrc?;, 113,

1(52.

Uulgar, 191.
Ihilgiat,

^7.

528
rnlmiiiKl,
J(ll.

II.

INDKX OF MONKVKHS.
Welgist, 201, 240.
Wcliihcrlit, 103.
VVelric, 201.

Sir ohn Wilmund.

'2<i.

See aim Wrclgist.

Uimt"

iirlil.22,

Sn nho

l'jiili<rlit.
:i3,

lIiijiilxTliI

or

Wuihrrl.l,

78, 81,

8l,;il.'.>7.

W(
IH.
11"-'.

Isit, 2-17.

Uiiymlm,
rti\iiiK<',

lO.'l.

Wengos, 201.

See Wincg<j8.

1(>:',

1-^

l-'iS.

Sec

aho

Wensigc, 201.

Wvii.-^ijje.

Werheard,
2f;,

1, 7.

Uyi.li.ftiht or Uyiibirhl, 22,

IS,,

Si,

!!.

Wcrlaf, 123, 140.

Wcrtiric, .304.

aho Uuynburht ami Wyuliurht.

See also 0clric.

See aho Swertinc.

Utlric, 103.

Wesig, 247.

White, 123.

W.
Wiicir,
I'Jt.

Wiard,

3.?,

103, 121.

Wibearn, 333, 375.

Wiping, 333, 358, 440.

Wadlos

or Walos, 247, 304.

Wffidcl or Wicdell, 247, 304, 307, 321,

Wida, 448.

See Widia.

333,

331).

Widfara, 304, 310.

Wrelgist, Waleist, or Welgist, 201, 240,

247.

Widia Widig

or Widica, 247, 304, 333, 446,

S,:e

447, 448.

aho Wudia

au<l

Wydia.

WicH8, 201.
Wrolricfen,

or Widige, 301, 318.

Wsolrefun, Walrsoffen,

or

Widua,

247, 293.

"Walrafin, 247, 304, 333.

Widred, 333, 456.

Wiferd, 164.

Wuleist,

2()1.

S>e Wiulgist.

Wultt

t,

304.

Wigard, Wigeard, Wighard, or WigSee Wielrajfeii.

Walrjvffen, 217.

heard, 84, 123, 139.

Walrafen, 333.

See Waslrajfuu.

Wigcro, 143.
WigferS, 191.

Walter or Walterc, 84, 94, 143.

Waltfor, 201, 217.

Wighard
Wigniier,

Or Wigheard, 84, 123.

55.9.

Wamnnca,

304.

Wanstaii, 201.

See Wunstan.

AVihred, 247.

See Winred.
103.
196,

Ware, 247, 262.

"NVarimer, S4.

Wihtemund,
See aho

Wihtsige or Wihtsie, 164, 191,

201, 247, 297.

Warin

or Uuariu, 143, 152.

See

aho Wyusige.

Uiiarin.

WiliBgrip or Wilgrip, 333, 3S0.

Wilerif, 333, 432.

Wariiigod, 123.

Warn,

123, 138.

Wilebald, 103.
See
Wilebeart, 191, 193.
Wilebert, 156.
Wilcric, 555.
Wilfrid, 333, 380.

Watiiman or Watcman, 247, 460.

aho Ilwataniau.

WaMoe,

304.

See Wadlos.

Wcidts, 247, 281.

Wedcl, 304.
See Wa^del.

Wilgrid, 555.

WwUes,

247.

See Wadlos. See Wadlos and Wedles.

Wilgrim, 304.
Wilgrip, 333, 380.
Willicab,
9. 19.

Wcdloe, 247.
Weineali,
9.

See aho Wiliegrip

S-e aho ruilhcab.

II.

INDEX

OF MONEYERS.
Witil, 103.

529

Wilinc, 2i7.

Wilmund,

201.

Witlos, 304.

See Wadlos.

Wilne, 103.

Wiering, 304, 310.

winue.
See also Uuilsig.

See also Wiir-

Wilno, 22.
Wilsig, 156, 164.

WiSerwinne, 321.
WiSirwinne,
WiSering.
304, 309.
-See

Wiltraud, 333, 380.

also

Wimuud,

103.

Win

or

Wiun, 202.
See also Winus.

Wirin or Wirinc,

248, 266.

Winas, 202, 217.

Windecild, 333.

Wlac^egen or WlancSegn,
Wode,
164.

248.

Windig, 321.

See also Winedajig.

Wororie, 304, 313.

Wine

or

Winne, 1G4, 187, 191, 194,

Wraca, 321.

19G, 202, 247, 298, 460.

Wudeman,

333, 427.

Winean, 247.
Winedajig, Winedeig, or Wiuedig, 247,
258, 304.

Wudia, 248, 304, 317, 321, 328.

also Widia.

See

Wulbeom, Wulbern,
248,
281,

or

Wulborn, 202,
313, 321, 333,

Winegear, 84.

298,

304,

Winegod, 247.

395, 396.
202.

See also Wulfbeorn. See Wulfget.

Wincgos or Wynegos,
Wengos.
Winele, 103, 119.

See also

Wulceet, 304.

Wulcred, 333, 402, 404, 408.

Wuldar, 333.
Wuldric, 333, 350.

Wineman,
Winemes,

248, 300, 333.

164.

Wulenno, 333, 387. See

Wulerine, 304.

also

Wulfno.

Winenr, 164, 184.

Winn,

202.

See Win.
See also Wine.
304.
,

Wulf, 202, 333, 393.

Winne, 247, 460.

Wulfah, 202.
Wulfbald, 143, 164.

Winred

or

Wynred, 248, 258.

See Winstan.

Winsan, 218.
Winsi, 248.

Wulfbeorn or Wulfbern, 202, 248. See

also

Wulbeom.

Wiusige, 202.

See Wynsige. See

Wulfcetl, 333.

Winstan, 248, 291, 304, 333, 353.

also

Wulfci, 248, 260.

Wunstan and Wynstan.

Wulfeh, 248, 304, 321.

Winterfugel or Winterfuhel, 333, 364,

365.

Wulfolm, 202, 216, 248, 270.

Wulferd, 248.
Wulffine, 304.

Winterleda, 202.

See Wulfwine.
1,

Wintrcd, 333, 454.

Wulfgar or Wulgar,
153,

123, 139, 143, 191, 196, 202,

Winuc,
473.

123, 139, 143, 153.

156,

164,

173,

Winus, 247, 248, 260, 333, 443, 460,

See also Winas.
402.

219,
393, 469.

248, 396,

287,

304, 313, 333, 356,

415, 416, 460,

412, 413,

Wircma, 333,
Wirim,

See also Uulfgar and Uulgar.

164, 170.

Wulfgut, Wulfgcat, Wulfget, or Wulfgit,

Wirinc, 333, 384.

202, 24S, 304, 316, 333, 373, 430,

Wiryn, 333, 388.

460, 465.

.at)

,1

INDKX
i:W, 2trJ.

OF MCXN'HVKUS.
224, 227,
229, 230, 237, 248, 286,

WiilfK'.r,

UJ.
i/'i?.

.S" Wiill^'.ir.
^*"
I

257,

WnlfK-riin,

ir^'rim.

259, 279, 281,

304,

308, 312. 359,

Wiiinulm.
aliut

10:{,

111,

lli:'.,

See

313, 321, 333, 347, 350, 351,

381, 382, 386, 402, 405,

Wulfi'lin.

408, 412,

Wiilli. 4H0.

Sre Wulfwi.

413,422,438,458,459.
202,

W.illnmr.
J'j:.,

m,
2 IS,

191,
21)1,

194,

21G.

Wulfwurd, 355.
Wul,i,'nr or

See Wulfward.
1,

li'JG,

333, 400.

See

Wulgarcs,
196,

143, 153, 1C4,

(i/)Mi

Wiiliniur.

173, 191, 356,

287, 304,

313,

333,

Wiilfiimn or Uulfiuiin, 103.

WiilfiioS

393,

396,

412, 413, 416, 460,

or \Vuliio,

202.

212,

233,

469.

See also Wulfgar.

210,

218, 2(iU, 308,

209, 271, 321,

27G, 298,

Wulget, 333, 430.

See also Wulfget.

299, ;$0l,

327, 333, 379,

Wulhed, 333, 423.

Wullaf or Wyllaf, 202.

387, 432.
Wiilford,

See also Wulenno*.

See Wulfred.

'J02.

WuUfwiac,

304.

See Wulfwine.

AVulfmnl, 333.

Wulmajr, "Wulmar, or Wulmer, 202,

248,
289, 333, 357, 358, 424, 427,

Wulfred, 164, 191, 202, 248, 287, 291,

304, 321, 333, 339,
413, 460.
34.5,

397, 408,

428, 460, 467, 470. See also Wulfmtcr.

See aho Uulfred.

Wulmiod,
Wuln-,i,

248, 282.

^Vulfric, 123, 164, 202, 222, 225, 237,

2iS,

333,

387.

See

also

248, 349,

281, 282, 301, 304, 333, 348, 350, 378,

387, 395, 396, 402,

WulfnoS and WulnoS.

Wulno, 248, 266,
299, 304, 432. 269, 271, 276, 298, 308, 321,

413,423, 426,430.
Wtilfryd,
2<>2,

327,

333,

379,

24S.

See WulfreJ.

See also WulfnoS.

Wulfsi, 24S, 416, 420.

W^ulred, 333.

See Wulfred.

Wulfsig, Wulfsige, Wulsig, orWulsige,

202, 214, 216, 248,

Wulsi or Wulsie, 304, 333, 372, 402.

W^ilsiceod, 821.
W' ulsig or

271, 273, 304,

321,
457.

3;J3,

397,

402,

405, 416, 420

Wulsige, 248, 273, 304, 321,

See also

S-e also Uulfsig.

333,

397, 402, 405, 457.

Wulfstau, Wulfstin, or Wulstan, 102,

109,
104,
190,

Wulfsig.

191, 196, 202,

225,
258,

Wulstan, 164, 191, 196, 202, 234, 248,

257, 258, 262,

229, 230, 234, 239,

248, 257,

267,

276,

304,

311,

261. 262, 267, 276, 304, 346. 355. Willful f. 333.

311, 333,

333, 346, 355.

See also Wiilfstan.

See also Wulfward.

See also Uulfstan.

W^ilward, 304.

Wulwi, 24S, 304, 333. See aho Wulfwi.

Wulfward, 333, 355, 374, 416, 460, 463,

469.

Wulwig,

804,

333,

373.

See

also

Wulfwig.

Wulfwcrd. 24S, 304, 333, 373.

Wulfwi, 202, 211. 304, 321, 333, a41,
4iJ.
ir.O,

Wulwine, 248, 257, 304, 308, 312, 821,

333, 402.

See also W^ulfwine.

462, 465.

Wunsi, 24S.

See Wynsi.
304,
315.

Wulfwie. 304.

Wunsigc, 274,
Wynsigo.

See

also

Wulfwig

or

Wulwig, 202, 24S, 333,

373, 382.

Wuustau,

164, 175, 202, 239.

Ste

ul^

Wiilfwino, Wullfwiuf, or Wulwinc, 202,

Wjustau.

II.

INDEX

OF MONEYERS.
porald, 202.

531

Wurfurd, 333, 456.

Wurreb, 333, 402.

porcetel or porctel, 202, 248, 321, 333.

WuwerJ,

321.

See also purcetel.

porcil, 333.

Wydecoc, 333.

See Porcetel.
See porcetel.

Wydia, 304.
Wyllaf, 202.

See Widia.

porcl, 202.

See Wullaf.

porctel, 333.

See porcetel and porcil.

See peoraj*.

Wyltsig, 103, 120.

pore*, 24S.
See also

Wyuberht,

33, 78, 81, 84, 97.

purfer or porford, 333, 419.

Uuynbearlit and Uynberht.

porgrim, 202.
porr.

Wyacgos, 202.

See Winegos.
or

See por.

Wynhclm, AVynnehelm,
123, 139, 143.

AVyimelm,

porsige, 202.

porstteu or
333, 419.

porstan,

202,

216,

321,

Wynred,

24S.

See Winred.

See also purstau.

Wynsi
202,

or Wynsie, 24S, 304.

porulf, 202.

See purulf.

Wynsig

or Wynsige, 164, 175, 191, 196,

214,

preodred or preored, 333, 378.

pudinei, 304.
See Dunstan.

248, 274,

285,

287, 304.

See also Wihtsigo.

punstan, 248.
304.

Wynsige and Wamanea,

333, 446.

purcetel or pureetl, 202, 236, 248, 304,

333.

Wynstan, 164, 175, 202, 239, 248, 285,

See
also

See also porcetel.

AVinstan

and

purcil or purecil, 24S, 321, 333, 441,

442, 443, 460.

Wunstan.

Wynwid,

248.

purefer, 24S.

See piirfcrS.
See purstan.

purestan, 248.

purferd or purferS, 143, 156, 161, 187,

Vpcalda, 304.
pcgotiwine, 248, 262, 321.

248.

purfurS or puruerS, 333, 419.

purgod, 2U2, 248, 261, 460, 474.
purgrim, punigriin, or puriiu, 248, 269,
304, 310, 321, 333, 362, 393, 420.
purini, 248, 269.

peodberht, 143.

pendgar, 164, 170, 101, 202.

pcodgcld or peodgyld, 202.

peodmasr, 143, 153.
peo<lred,
143, 202,

See also purgrim.

purimod, 172.
216,
'2-1%

See purniud.

460,

purlac, 84, 103.

466.
JXiodric, 333, 436.

punuod,
1!)0.

143, 154, 136,

164, 172, 187,

pcodulf, 123, 139, 143, 154.

pcoriocS or poreiS, 243.

purngiim, 333.

See also purgrim.

purrim or purrin, 333, 360.

Purstan or purstann, 103, 120, 164,
202, 215, 248,
294,

porman, 24% 304.

pcrmod, 123,
pincrn, 164.
piulf, 202.
140.

304, 321,

333,

pernion, 460, 470.

420, 436, 460, 469.

See also porstan.

puruer, 333, 419.

purulf,
363,
143, lot,

156, 158, 202,

24S

por or

p(jrr, 333, 361, 362, 364,

294, 304, 333.

366, 367, 369, 370 402.

pustau, 294.

See purstuu.
2
.M

r,;d2

TII.-INDEX OF TYPES.
Church
or building, 27, 86, 103.

Circle in centre of short cross voided, 253, 254, 305, 322, 323.
7X,
It,

10, 12, a6.

Circle,
2.

segment
and

of,

at ends

of short

A.

(jJ.

(monojrraiu),

cross voided, 337.

of Providcuce,
Circles, two,

A. CO., ilivitlcd
U)2, 20;{, 204.

by hand

cross voided, dividing

moneycr'a name, 8G.

Agnus
305.

Doi, 207, 208.

in centre of ehort cross voided,

CNVT on limbs of cross,

angle of short
322.
cross

3G.

Annulet

Crescent or broken annulet in each

voided, 253,

Annulet in centre of short cross voided

limbs terminating in three cresceuts,
33G.

Crescents, two, in angles of long cross

voided, 207.
Crescents, four, around pellet,
2.

Annulet in each angle of long cross

voided
;

limbs terminating in three

Crescents, four, enclosing cross patte'e,

5.

crescents, 252.

Annulet in each angle of short cross

voided, 253, 322.

Cross, on limbs
Cross, king's

CNVT,

3G.
trefoil

name and

slipped

Annulet, broken, or crescents, in each

angle of
322.

in each angle, 34.

short cross voided, 253,

Cross of four ovals, 255, 304, 321.

Cross of pellets, 123. Cross on which moneyer's name, &c.,
12, 21, 22.

BAB
37.

in

one line, 84.

in

Cross over cross pommee, 12.

BAt^ und monevers name

Bird with branch, 80.

two

lines,

Cross,

sideways,
37.

dividing moneyer's

name,
Cross,

two limbs

cross

crosslet,

two

Building or church, 8G, 103.

patte's, 12.

Cross,

two limbs moline, two

pattes,

2, 11, 13.

c.

Cross, five limbs patte's, 4.

9.

CANT

(monogram),

Cross, six limbs patte's,

4.

Christian monogram, 10.

Christian temple, fayade
of, 27.

Cross crosslet,
124.

2,

3,

11,

12,

104, 105,

III.

INDEX

OF TYPES.
Cross
voided,
long,
trefoil

533
in

Cross crosslet, pellet in each angle, 27.

Cross floriated with leaf in each angle,
22.

each

angle, 306.

Cross voided, long, limbs terminating

in one crescent,

Cross moline, 12.

PACX

in angles,

Cross moliiie within lozenge, 34. Cross

323, 335.

moline

over

cross

pommee,

Cross voided, long, limbs terminating

in

forming

rose, 86.
3, 4, 5, 35, 3G, 37, 84, 85,

three crescents, 205,

206,

249,

Cross pattee,

251, 336.

86, 103, 104, 123, 124, 143, 156, 157,

Cross voided, long, limbs terminating

in three crescents,
252.

165, 166, 167, 192, 202, 203, 206, 208,

PACX

in angles,

248, 250, 322, 334, 337, 338.

Cross pattee over cross pattee, 10, 11,

12, 13.

Cross voided, long, limbs terminating

in three crescents, annulet in each

Cross pattee over cross pomrade, 11. Cross patte'e within cross pattee, and
three pellets, 167.

angle, 252.

Cross voided, long, limbs terminating

in three crescents, crescents in

two

Cross pattee within four crescents,

Cross
patte'e

5.

angles, 207.

witliin

four

crosses

Cross voided, long, limbs terminating

in three
crescents

patte'es, 167, 203.

and

bisecting

Cross patte'e within four pellets, 103.

Cross patte'e within lozenge, from each
corner
of

ornamented square, 207, 249.

Cross voided, long, on quatrefoil, limbs

which

issues

beaded

terminating in three crescents, 249,

250, 251, 252.

straight line, 34.

Cross pattee,

CYNT

in angles, 9.

Cross voided, short, 337.

Cross voided,
305.
3.

Cross patte'e, pellet in each angle, 10,

11,27.

sliort,

annulet in centre,

Cross pattee, wedge in each angle,

Cross pattee, voided, 103.

Cross voided, short, circle in centre,

253, 254, 305, 322, 323.

Cross

pommee on pommee

cross, 12.
patte'e, 11.

Cross voided, short, pellet in centre

254, 334.

Cross ponimco on cross

Cross

over cross moline, form-

Cross voided,
205, 322.

sliort,

CRVX
PA EX

in angles,

ing rose, 86.

Cross potent,
Cross
2, 3, 4, 5, 11.

Cross voided,
circles,

sliort,

in angles,

voided

between two

323, 335.

dividing moneyer's name, 86. Cross voided, long,

206.

Cross voided, short, annulet in each

angle, 253, 322.

CRVX
PACX

in angles,

Cross
in angles,

voided, short,

broken annulet

Cross voidoi), long,

305, 335.

or crescent in eacli angle, 253, 322.

Cross voided, short, martlet in each

flcur-ile-lis

Cross voided, long,

angle, 306, 324.

in caeli

angle, 336, 337.

Cross voided,
fleurs-de-lis

sliort,

pyramid

in

each

Cross voided,

long,

and

angle, 338.

trefoil in angles,

.'506.

Cross voided,

sliort,

on

wliirli

(juadri-

534
l.itoriil

III.

INDEX OF

TYl'KH.

onmm.iit, 2J4, 255, 305, 321,

Flower and

roso-branch

above
124.

and

3:t|,

.'Ct.V

l)olow moneyer's
liiiit<H

name,

CroH-t voiiliil, mIioiI,

cxitaiiding,

Four crosses pattees

one, 167, 203.

around central

330.
Crosfl voi(l(<l, hlinrt, liinI)B
cri)HH jinttco
ill

expanding,
3.")(j.

encli anRlc,

Cro88 void)
in

(1,

eliort, liiults

terminating

G.

segment of

circle, 337.

GLEAPA
T, 37.

(Gleawaceaster), divided by

Croaa voided, short, limbs terminating

in tiirco crescents,

annulet in centre,

336.

Cross voided,

sliort,

limbs terminating

in three crescents, jiyramid in

an'^'le,

each

330.

Hand Hand

of Providence, 86, 204.

of Providence

giving benedic-

CRVX
'JOti.

ill

angles of long cross voided,

tion, 204.

Hand
in

of Providence^betwcen

A
Cx)

iCJ,

CRVX

angles of short cross voided,

192, 203, 204.

205, 322.

Hand
204.

of

Providence between

A,

CVNT

in angles of cross pattec, 9.

E.

DOR IB

or

D0RIB1,9.
1, 2.

King

seated on throne, 337.

DOROB.
Dove, 207.

C. (monogram),

King's

name and mint (Orsnaforda)

name
in four lines, 37, 84.

in

three lines, 36, 37.

SG.

Dovo and olive-branch,

King's

E.

LiNCOLLA
name,
Lincoln,
35.

divided

by moneyer's

EXA

(Kxance.ister) in pale, 37.

monogram

of, 35.

London, monogram
Figures,

of,

35

between

moneyer's name, 35.

tsvo,

seated, 34.

Long

cross voided.

See Cross voided,

Fleurs-de-lis in angles of long cross

long.

voided, 306, 324.

Fieurs-de-lis

Lozenge, witliin which cross

trefoil in

patte'e

and

angles of

beaded line issuing from each angle

of lozenge, 34.

long cross voided, 306.

Floml

ornament

surmounting

or

dividing moneyer's name, 86.

Floriato stem with

two branches en-

M.
Martlet in each angle of short cross
voided, 336, 337.

closing moneyer's name, 143.

Florintetl cross, leaf in eacii angle, 22.

Til INDEX OF TYPES.

Mint name (BA-D), in one line, 84. Mint name (BA-D), and moneyer's name in two lines, ?>7,
Mint name dividing moneyer's name,
157, IGG.

535
10.

Monograms, Christian,

DORIBor DORIBI.O. DOROB. C, 1, 2.

of Lincoln, 35.
of London, 35.

in pule

Mint names
37.

(EXA. and

PIN.),

of Roiseng, 36.

Mint and king's names

3(3,

in three lines,

r A (SAX), SAX,
').

rx

37.
field, 85.

Moneyer's name across

SAXON, 5. SAXONV, 10.

Moneyer's name between two

157.

lines, 85,

Moneyer's name between rose-branch

and

flowi-r, 124.

o.
tw'o stars, 85.

Moneyer's name between

Moneyer's

name

divided

by

cross,

OCCIDENTALIVM around SAXONlORVM la three lines, 10.

Olive-branch held by Dove, 86.

sideways, 37.

Moneyer's name
stem, 143.

divided

by

floriate

Ornament dividing moneyer's name,

157.

Moneyer's name divided by ornament,

&c., 157.

ORSNAFORDA

in

two

lines divided

by king's name,

36, 37.

Moneyer's
85.

name divided by
name,
floral

saltire,

Ovals four, forming cross, 255, 304,

321.

Moneyer's

divided

or

sur-

mounted by
Moneyer's

ornament, 86.

name,

&c., in

two

lines
10.3,

PACX
305.

in angles of long cross voided,

across field, 36, 37, 84, 85, 86,

104,
166.

123, 124,

143,

156,

157, 165,

PACX

in angles of long cross voided,

limbs terminating in one crescent,

in

Moneyer's name

two lines across field

157, 166.

323, 335.

and divided by mint name,

field, 27, 33.

PA EX
252.

in angles of long cross voided,

Moneyer's name in three lines across

limbs terminating in three crescents,

Moneyer's name in four lines across

field, &c., 27.

PA EX

in angles of .short cross, voided,

323, 335.

Moneyer's name on limbs and between

angles of cross, 12, 21, 22.

PAX

across field, 339, 461.

Pellet in centre of short cross voided,

254, 334.

Moneyer's name within and without

leaves of qnatrefoil,
&c.,
.'i3,

31.

Pelkts, throe, and cross pattc'e around

in

Moneyer's name and mint

'

BA&)

central cross patU'c, 167.

two

lines, 37.
(jO., 2.
r>.

Providence, hand
Providence, hand
tion, 204.

of, 86,
of,

204.

Monograms. A.

giving benedic-

CANT,

n-'jo

III.

INDEX
A
Ci)
Ci),

OF TYPES.

rri)viilf'nco,
11)2, 'JO:i,

hand
201

of,

lu-twrrn

SAXONV
short.

(monogram),

10.

Sliurtrro.HH voided.
of,

See Cross voided,

Pnvi(k'no<',

Imnd

between

A,

204.

Solidus type on coin of iElfred, 34.

in

ryminid

each angle of short cross

Sovereign type of Edward Conf., 337.

iSquare, ornamented, bisc cted

vuid.'d, X\S.

by long

I'yniniid in (^ch angle of short cross

cross voided, limbs

terminating in

voided, limbs terminating in

crescents, .^39.

tlirce

three crescents, 207, 249.

Star,

above
85.

and

below

moneyer's

name,

Star of six points between two pellets,

Q.
Quadrilateral ornament on short cross
voided, 254, 255, 305, 321, 334, 335.
(Juatrefoil with moneyer's

103.

Star of six rays

patte's, 11.
patte's, 3.

Star of eight rays

Star of nine rays

name within,
name within

patte's, 3.

34.

Quatrcfoil with moneyer's

and without,

33.

Quatrefoil within long cross voided,

T.

limbs terminating in three crescents,

249, 250, 251, 252.

with limbs extended, dividing

of mint, 37.

name

Temple,

fai^ade of, 27.

Throne, on which king seated, 337.

R.
Roiseng,

Trefoil in

each angle of long cross

monogram

of, 36.

voided, 306.
Trefoil

Rose formed of cross

cross moline, SG.

pommee over
above

ornament enclosing moneyer's

each angle of cross,

name, 143.
flower

llose-brancli

and

and

Trefoil, slipped, in
34.

below moneyer's name, 124.

Rosette, 85, 104, 124, 143, 166.

Tribrach, limbs fourchee,

3.

Tribrach moline,

3.

S.

TA (SAX), monogram
St.

of, 5.

Andrew, coinage

of, 7. of, 36.

w.
PIN (Wincoaster)
85.
in pale, 37.

St.

Eadmund, coinage
(monogram),

Saltire dividing moneyer's

name,

(monogram),

4.

SAX

5.

SAXON ^ni(inogram), 5. SAXON lORVM in three lines, SAXON lORVM in three lines, OCCIDENTALIVM. 10.

5, 10.

>^ (monogrim),
U). A. divided

10.

around

by band of Providence,

204.

537

IV.INDEX OF MINTS.*
* See General Index for historical notices, &c. of Mints.

Aylesbury (iEgk'slmrh), ^tlielrtudll.,

208
;

Eadgar, 1G8; Eadweard

iEtheirajd
II.,

II.,

193 258

Cnut, 255

Edward

Conf., 339.

210;

Cnut,

Harold

I.,

308

Edward

Conf., 343

Bardney (Bardanig), iEtholrred

208
;

II.,

Harold

II.,

462.

Cnut, 255.
iElfrcd, 38
;

Castle Rising (Roiseng), ^Eifred, 54.

Bath (Baan),
the
Elder,

Eadweard
105;
192;
II.,

Chester
108;

(Leigeceaster),

.^thelstan,

87;

^thclstan,

Eadmuud, 124; Eadgar, 171

II.,

Eadgar,

IGS;
II.,

Eadweard
209
;

^thelrfed

220;

Cnut,

276

iEthclrffid

Cnut,

256

Harold
Harold

I.,

312

Edward

Conf., 388

Harold

I.,

307

Edward

Conf., 339.

II.,

467.

Bedford (Bedanford or Bedeford), Eadwig, 158; Eadgar, 1G8; Eadweard

II.,

Chichester (Ciseceastxe or Cicestrie),

.^thelriBd
II.,

211;

Cnut,

258;
;

192
:

^thelrred
I.,

II.,
;

209

Cnut,
Conf.,

Harold
Harold

I.,

308

Edward

Conf., 348

25G
341

Harold Harold

307

Edward

II.,

462.
.^tliclraid
I.,

II.,

461. Conf.,

Colchester
II.,

(Colcnccastrc),

Bedwin (Bedewine), Edward

342.

211

Cnut, 259

Harold

308;

Edward
Conf.,

Conf., 350; Harold II., 462.

Berkeley (Beorclea), Edward

342.

Crewkcrne (Crucern), Cnut, 260.

Cricklade (Crecgclade or Crocgelade),

Brewton (Briutune), Cnut, 257.

Bristol (Bricgstow), Cnut, 257
I.,
;

Cnut, 259

Edward

Conf., 351.

Harold
Harold

307

Edward

Conf., 342

Derby (Deoraby),
Eadgar, 169;

^Ethelstan,
II.,

105
193

II.,

461.

Eadweard
462.

Buckingham (Buccingahain),
ricdll.,210.

yEthcl-

^Iholnod

II.,

212; Edward Conf.,

352; Harold

II.,

Dereham (Dyrham), Edward

Cadbury (Cadanburh), Cnut, 258.
356.

Conf.,

Cambridge (Grantebrycgo), iEthelrosd

II.,

Dorchester

(Dorceastre),
Conf., 355.

Cnut, 261

218; Cnut, 271

Conf,, 374
;

Harold

I.,

310;
465.

Edward

Edward
bernia),

Harold

II.,

Dorobernia.

See Canterbury,
.ffitholrajd II..
I.,

Canterbury (Crontwaraburh or DoroEcgbeorht, 6; iEthelwulf,

38; iEthelstan,

Dover (Dofcran),

212;

Cnut, 260; Har.d.l

Conf., 3.53;

309; Edward
463.

13;

iElfred,

106;

Harold

II.,

;;

This

IV.

INIiKX

OF MIXTS,
IlchcBtcr (Gifclccastcr), iEthclrred II.,

Klulmundnhnrli.
liiirv.

.->"

M.

Eaflmiinfls-

210; Cnut, 209;

Sec York.

Edward

Conf., 371

KlHtriKMiin or I'lofcrwir.

Harold
Ip.swicli

II..

404.

Kxr(i'r(Kuxiiiu'('(i.Htrc, Exoccftstro, &c.),

(fJipi'Swic),

Eadweard

II.,

A'AlWil

'IC;

.'laii.lstnn,

100; Ead;

193; iEtlielrjcdII.,217; Cnut,270;

pir, IC!); .f:tli(lrm<l

2t;i;
Ilnn.l.l
I.,

11.. 2i:{
;

Cnut,

Harold
Harold

I.,

310; Edward Couf., 371

405.

:J0!

Iliirtliacnut,

II.,

:{25; EdwftnU'oiif.,:!.-)?:

Harold

II.,

44.

.Jedburgh (GeoSaburh), .^thelrted

216.
Gooi^tiburh.

II.,

See Jedburgh.
<St>

GiMcoastor.
Giposwic.
Gloucester

Ilchcster.

See Ipswicli.

Lancaster (Landcaster), Cnut, 275.

iElfied,

(Gleaweccaster),
;

Langport

(Lancport

or

Longport),
;

4G

iEthcIstan, 108

iEtlielrti)d II.,

^thelstan,112; Cnut, 275

Conf., 380.

Edward
275

217; Cnut, 270; Hartliacnut, 325;

Edward
(iuiliiford

Couf., 373

Harold

II.,

405.

Leicester

(Leherccaster),

Cnut,

Gmntebrycpc.

See Cambridge,

Harold L, 311;

Harthacnut, 320;
387;

(Gildeforda or Guliieforda),

Edward
467.

Conf.

Harold

U.,

Hartliacnut,

325
II.,

Edward

Conf.,

375

Harold

4G4.

Leigeceaster.

See Chester.
;

Lewes (Lsewes), Eadgar, 170

r.-ed II.,

jEthel-

208, 219

Cnut, 274; Harold

Conf., 384; Harold

Hamtune.

Sre Southampton.

I.,

311

Edward

Hastings (Hii-stinga or Hestingport),

Cnut, 272; Harold
Conf., 370
;

II.,

466.

I..

311; Edward
400.

Lincoln (Lincolla or Lincolne), .Alfred,

40;

Harold

II.,

Eadweard
;

H.,

194;

iEtbel-

Hereford, iEthelstan, 108; ^thclrred

II.,

raed IL, 221

Cnut, 278; Harold L,

219;
;

Cnut, 273;
Conf., 380

Hartbaciiut,
;

312;

Harthacnut,
;

326;
II.,

Edward Al-

325
400.

Edward

Harold

II.,

Conf., 391

Harold

467.

London (Londonia
II.,

or Lundene),
;

Hertford (Heortford), Eadweard

fred,

47; ^thelstan, 111

Eadraund,

194; iEtlichiDd II.,218; Cnut, 273;

125;
195
;

Eadgar, 172;

Eadweard IL,
;

Edward Couf,
382.

379.

^Ethelraid IL, 223; Cnut. 281

Ilorndou (Ilorninduua),

Edward

Conf.,

Harold L, 313; Harthacnut, 320;

Edward
Eadwig,
Longport.
Lufl'wick
195.

Conf., 397;

Harold U., 468.

Huntingdou (Iluntandune),
159; Eadgar, 170;
219;

See Langport.
(Luueic),

Cnut,

274;
II.,

^thelned II., Edward Conf.,

Eadweard

IL,

382; Harold

400.

Lydford (Lydanford), .Eltbelrred

230.

If.,

Hythe (Uy^a), Cnut, 274; Edward

Conf., 383.

Lymne (lamenc), Eadweard

II.,

194.

IV.

INDEX
11.,

OF MINTS.

539

Maldon

(Mffildune),

^Ithelrajd

Shaftesbury (Sceftesburh), iEthelr.Td

II.,

230; Cnut, 287; Edward Conf., 417.

233
;

Cnut, 290
II.,

Edward

Conf.,

Malmesbury (Mealmesburh), Cnut, 288;

425

Harold

470.

Edward

Conf., 418.

Shrewsbury (Scrobesburh), ^thclstan,

113; ^thelrred
II.,

233; Cnut, 291;

Conf., 427.
II.,

Harold

I.,

316;

Edward

Newark (Newe), Eadwig, 160. Newport (Niweiwrto), Edward

418.

Sidbury (Si^esteburh), iEthelrajd

Conf.,

234

Cnut, 292.
Si'e

Snotingaham.

Nottingham.

Norwich (Nor<5wic), iEthelstan, 112;

Southampton
159;
194
;

(Hamtune),

Eadwig,
II.,

Eadmund, 125 Eadrcd, 144

;

iEthelI.,

Eadgar, 170;

Eadweard
218
;

rajd II. 231

Cnut, 288
Conf., 418
;

Harold

^thelrajd
I.,

II.,

Cnut, 272
Conf., 379
;

315
469.

Edward

Harold

II.,

Harold
Harold

311

Edward

II.,

465.

Nottingham
stan,

(Suotingaham),

.a^tbelI.,

Southwark (Su^geweorc), ^thelrred

11.,

113;

Cnut, 292; Harold

327;
II.,

235;
;

Cnut, 294; Harthacnut,

;

316;

Harthacnut,
;

Edward

327
471.

Edward Conf., 433 Harold

II.,

Conf., 429

Harold

470.
Stafford (Staifforda),

Edward Conf., 429.

Eadgar,
iEthelrred
I.,

Oxford (Orsnaforda or Oxnaford), Alfred,

Stamford

(Stanford),
II.,

173;
II.,

50; iEthelstan, 112;

;

.^EthelI.,

Eadweard
234;

195;

rsed II., 232

Cnut, 288

Harold

Cnut, 293;
Conf., 431

Harold
;

316;
471.
II.,

315;

Harthacnut,

327;
II.,

Edward

Edward
Stanwick
235.

Harold

II.,

Conf., 420;

Harold

4G9.

(Stanwic),

.^thelraid

Richborough (Ricyeburh), Cnut, 289

Steyning (Sta^nig), Cnut, 292

cnut,

Hartha430
;

Edward

Conf., 422.
;

327
II.,

Edward

Conf.,

Rochester (Rofcceastre), Eadgar, 173

Harold

470.

^thelrfcd

XL,

232;

Cnut,

290;
;

Sudbury
235
;

(SuSburh),

^Ethelrred

II.,

Harold

I.,

315

Edward

Conf., 422

Edward

Conf., 433.

Harold
Roiseng.

II.,

470.

SuiSgeweorc.

See Southwark.

Sea Castle Rising.

Rnniney
233;

(Rumcnea),
Cnut,

iEthelrajd

II.,

290;
II.,

Elward

Conf.,

Tamworth (TamweorS), Edward Conf,

434.

423; Harold

470.

Taunton (Tantunc), Cnut, 294; Ed-

ward
St.

Conf., 435.

Eadmundsbury (Eadmundsburh),
Conf., 356.
;

Tempsford
Thotford

(Tiemeseforda

or

Tcmo175; 299;

Edward

sanford), Eadgar, 173.

Salisbury (Sereburh), Cnut, 291

Ed-

(piotford^,
II.,

Eadgar,
Cnut,

ward Cunf.,

428.
II..

yEthclnxjd

240;

Sandwich (Sandwic). TEthclnrd

233; Edward Conf.,
121.

Harold
lIiiroM

I.,

318;
171.

Edward

Conf., 453;

II..

r)iu

IV.

INItEX
II.,

OF MINTS.
Wiiichcomhc (Winctlcuinb), Cnut.
29'J.

Torkwy
Cniit.

'TurtHnip-). MthcUitH}

230.

Totix-HH (T<itftna<H), A1i)\i\Tmd

21):..

II.,

2:W;

Wiiicli<lHoa (WiticclHca), Eadgar, 174;

l-:dward Conf, 453.

Turct'Bigo.

See Torksi

y.

Witiclicbtcr (Wincf-aatrc or Wintonia),

iElfred, 55;
AViilliiiKfonl
(Wi-nliiigftforil or

iEthelstan, 115;

Ead-

Wcliga-

wig, 160;
II.,

Eadgar, 175;
II.,

Eadwcard
238; Cnut,

forl), .Ktlnl.-flan,
yKtlielra>(l
IF.,

114; Eadgar, 171

2:t7;

196; iEthelrffid

Cnut,

29G

297;

Harold

I.,

317;
,

Hartliacnut,
;

Harold

I.,

317;
471.

Edward

Conf., 43G

328;
473.

Edward Conf 443 Harold

H.,

Harold

II.,

Wareliam (Wcrham), jEthcLstan, 114;

yEthc-lncd
43.S;
II.,

Worcester (Wiliraceaster or WoriceaBter),

237;
472.

Edward

Conf.,

iEthelrajd

II.,

240 ; Cnut, 296

Harold

II.,

Edward
yEthclstan,

Conf., 439.

AVarwiok
114;

(Wa-ringwic),

Cuut, 295;

Harold I, 316;

York (Eboracum
stan,

or Eoferwic), iEthel-

Eilward Conf., 435; Harold XL, 471.

106;

Eadwig, 158;
II.,
;

Eadgar,

Watclut (Wcccdport), ^tliclricd

230
;

II.,

169;
II.,

Eadweard
;

193; ^Ihelraid

Cnut, 295

Edward Conf, 438.

iEthelI.,

214

Cnut, 2G2
Conf., 359;

Harold

I.,

309

Wclniesford, Cnut, 296.

Edward
;

Harold

II.,

463.

Wilton (Wiltune), Eadgar. 174

rffid II.,

237

Cnut, 297; Harold

Conf., 440
;

peotford.

See Thctford.

317
472.

Edward

Harold

II.,

TABLES.

'>^'-i

TABLE
OK
'I'm;

Uiiaiim;

Wr,i<;nT.s of En'gmsii

Grains and Frfncii Grammks.

(ruiii.s.

543

TABLE
OF
TiiK Ei;t,ative Weioiits of English Grains and French Grammes.

Grains.

>14

TABLE
CoNVEiiTiNo

English Inches into Millimetres and the

Measurks of Mionnet's Scale.

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