Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

LI M U
H thng in thoi di ng ra i t nhng nm 1980 to nn mt bc tin vt bc trong lnh vc thng tin lin lc. Hn hai thp k qua, h thng in thoi di ng khng nh ch ng quan trng cho s pht trin kinh t v tnh tin dng cho ngi s dng, i cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc v cng ngh, h thng thng tin di ng v ang c nhng i mi mnh m, c v hnh thc, s lng v cht lng. C th thy, ng dng ca h thng thng tin di ng l v cng to ln v tht s cn thit trong hu ht cc lnh vc trong i sng, nht l trong thi i bng n thng tin hin nay. T nhiu nm tr li y, theo hng pht trin chung ca th gii, nhiu mng di ng nc ta khai thc, p dng h thng tin di ng GSM, CDMA, gp phn khng nh nng cao cht lng cuc sng v ng gp rt nhiu vo cng cuc xy dng, bo v T Quc. i vi mt ngi hc tp v lm vic sau ny trong nghnh Vin thng th vic hiu r tng quan thng tin di ng trong nc l mt yu cu bt buc. Do vy thng qua bo co thc tp ny em mun cao tm quan trng ca vic hiu r: Tng quan h thng thng tin di ng GSM. Trong bn bo co ny em xin trnh by cc vn sau: Chng I: Gii thiu v mng di ng GSM Chng II: Cu trc h thng thng tin di ng GSM Chng III: Mng bo hiu v cc kha cnh mng Chng IV: Giao tip v tuyn Chng V: Cc dch v trong GSM Sau thi gian tm hiu v nghin cu n nay em hon thnh bn bo co thc tp ng thi hn. Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c trong khoa : Cng Ngh in T - Thng Tin. c bit c s hng dn ca thy gio V c L trong thi gian qua gip tn tnh v to iu kin thun li em hon thnh tt bo co thc tp ny. Do thi gian v kh nng cn nhiu hn ch nn bo co ny khng trnh khi thiu st, rt mong s gp v b xung ca cc thy.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

TNG QUAN H THNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM CHNG I

GII THIU V MNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM
I.H thng thng tin di ng ton cu ( GSM ) GSM trc y c bit nh Groupe Specale Mobile ( nhm di ng c bit ), l nhm pht trin n, c thit k t s bt u nh mt dch v t bo s quc t. Giao tip v tuyn ca GSM da trn cng ngh TDMA. nh ban u l cc thu bao GSM c kh nng di chuyn qua cc bin gii quc gia s nhn c cc dch v di ng v cc tnh nng i theo cng vi h. Kiu GSM ca Chu u hin nay hot ng tn s 900 MHz cng nh tn s 1800 MHz. Bc M, GSM s dng dch v PCS 1900 ti vng ng bc California v Nevada. Do PCS 1900 s dng tn s 1900 MHz, nn cc in thoi khng c kh nng kt ni hot ng vi in thoi GSM hot ng trong cc mng tn s 900 MHz hay 1800 MHz. Tuy nhin cc vn ny c th khc phc c vi cc my in thoi a bng hot ng trong nhiu tn s. Vo u nm 1980, th trng h thng in thoi t bo tng t pht trin rt nhanh Chu u. Mi mt nc pht trin mt h thng t bo c lp vi cc h thng ca cc nc khc. S pht trin khng c hp tc ca cc h thng thng tin di ng quc gia c ngha l s khng c kh nng cho thu bao s dng cng mt my di ng cm tay khi di chuyn trong Chu u. Khng ch cc thit b di ng b hn ch khai thc trong bin gii quc gia, m cn c mt th trng rt hn ch i vi mi kiu thit b, v th tit kim chi ph c th khng thc hin c. Ngoi mt th trng trong nc y vi cc mu chung, c th khng c mt nh ch to no cnh tranh c trn th trng th gii. Hn na, chnh ph cc nc nhn thc r l cc h thng thng tin khng tng thch c th cn tr tin trnh t c mt tm nhn chin lc ca h v mt Chu u vi nn kinh t thng nht.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip Vi nhng cn nhc nu trn, hi ngh in thoi in bo gm 26 quc gia Chu u ( CEPT ) thnh lp mt nhm nghin cu gi l Groupe speciale Mobile vo nm 1982 nghin cu v pht trin mt h thng thng tin lin Chu u. n nm 1986 tnh hnh tr ln sng sa v mt s mng t bo tng t hin ti c th s dng ht dung lng vo nm 1990. CEPT khuyn ngh rng hai khi hai tn s trong bng tn 900 MHz c d tr cho h thng mi. Tiu chun GSM ch r cc bng tn t 890 n 915 MHz cho bng thu v t 935 n 960 MHz cho bng pht vi mi bng c chia thnh cc knh 200 MHz. H thng thng tin di ng c CEPT ua ra p ng c cc tiu chun nh sau:
-

Cung cp m thoi cht lng cao. H tr chuyn vng quc t. H tr cc thit b u cui cm tay. H tr mt loi cc dch v v cc thit b mi. Cung cp hiu qu ph tn s. Cung cp kh nng tng thch vi ISDN. Cung cp chi phi dch v v u cui thp.

Vo nm 1989, vic pht trin cc c tnh k thut ca GSM c chuyn t CEPT n Vin tiu chun vin thng Chu u ( ETSI ). ETSI c thnh lp vo nm 1988 thit lp cc tiu chun khc, cc lnh vc lin quan n truyn hnh v cng ngh thng tin vn phng. ESTI n bn cc c tnh k thut giai on 1 ca GSM vo nm 1990. Dch v thng mi bt u vo gia nm 1991. n nm 1993 c 36 mng GSM ti 22 nc, v thm 25 nc la chn hoc bt u GSM. T , GSM c chp nhn Nam Phi, c, v rt nhiu nc Trung ng v Vin ng. Ti Bc M, GSM c dng thc hin PCS. n cui nm 1998 c 323 mng GSM 118 nc phc v 138 triu thu bao. Hin nay,

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip h thng GSM c gi l h thng thng tin di ng ton cu ( Global System for Mobilephone ). Mng thng tin di ng GSM l mng thng tin di ng s Cellular gm nhiu ( cell ). Cell l n v nh nht ca mng, c hnh dng ( tren l thuyt ) l mt t ong hnh lc gic. Trong mi cell c mt i v tuyn gc BTS ( Base Transcever Station ) lin lc vi tt c cc trm di ng MS ( Mobile Station ) c mt trong cell . Khi MS di chuyn ra ngoi vng ph sng ca cell, n phi c chuyn giao sang lm vic ca BTS ca cell khc. c im ca h thng thng tin di ng Celluar l vic s dng li tn s v din tch ca mi cell kh nh. Mi cell s dng mt nhm tn s knh v tuyn . Cc ch ci A, B, C, va l tn ca cell, va biu th mt nhm xc nh cc tn s v tuyn c s dng trong cell . Nhm tn s c s dng nhiu ln cho cc cell vi khong cch ln, cng sut pht nh nhiu ln nhau khng ng k. Thng thng, mt cuc gi di ng khng th kt thc trong mt cell nn h thng thng tin di ng cellular c kh nng iu khin v chuyn giao ( handover ) cuc gi t cell ny sang cell ln cn m cuc gi c chuyn giao khng b gin on. II. Cc chc nng ca h thng GSM Cc c tnh ch yu ca h thng GSM nh sau: C th phc v c mt s ln cc dch v v tin ch cho thu bao c trong thng tin thoi v truyn s liu. * i vi thoi c th c cc dch v: Chuyn hng cuc gi v iu kin Chuyn hng cuc gi khin thu bao di ng bn Cm tt c cc cuc goi ra quc t Gi cuc gi Thng bo cc ph
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip Nhn dng s ch gi

* i vi dch v s liu: - Truyn s liu - Dch v nhn tin: cc gi thng tin c kch c 160 k t c th lu gi. sn c: S tng thch ca cc dch v trong GSM vi cc dch v ca mng

* PSTN Publich Switched Telephone Network ( Mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng ). * ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network ( Mng s t hp dch v ) bi cc giao din theo tiu chun chung. Cho php cc thu bao lu ng ( roaming ) cc nc vi nhau s dng h thng GSM mt cch hon ton t ng. Ngha l thu bao c th mang my di ng i mi ni v mng s t ng cp nht thng tin v v tr ca thu bao ng thi thu bao c th gi i bt c ni no m khng cn bit thu bao khc ang u. S dng bng tn 900 MHz vowid hiu qu cao bi s kt hp gia hai phng php TDMA, FDMA. Gii quyt s hn ch dung lng. Thc cht dung lng s tng ln nh vic s dng tn s tt hn v k thut chia nh, do vy s thu bao c phc v tng ln.

Tnh linh hot cao nh s dng cc loi my thng tin di ng khc nhau: my cm tay, my xch tay, my t trn t Tnh bo mt: Mng kim tra s hp l ca mi thu bao GSM b th ng k SIM ( Subcriber I dentity Module ). Th SIM s dng mt khu PIN ( Personal Identity Number ) bo v quyn s dng ca ngi s dng hp php. SIM cho php ngi s dng nhiu dch v v cho php ngi dng truy nhp vo cc PLMN ( Public Land Mobile Network ) khc nhau. ng thi trong h thng GSM cn cc trung tm nhn thc AuC, trung tm ny cung cp

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip m bo mt chng nghe trm cho tng ng v tuyn v thay i cho tng thu bao. III. Bng tn s dng trong h thng thng tin di ng GSM:

890 Mhz 200Khz 25Mhz Bng tn ln (T MS BTS) 915 Mhz DSC

882 Mhz

1710 Mhz

915 Mhz

GSM 1785Mhz m rng 1805 Mhz

935Mhz 200Khz 25Mhz Bng tn xung (T BTS MS) 960Mhz

927 Mhz

960 mhz

1880 Mhz

Hnh 1.1 Bng tn c bn v m rng ca GSM H thng GMS lm vic trong bng tn 890 960MHz. Bng tn ny c chia lm 2 phn:
- Bng tn ln ( Uplink band ): 890 915 MHz cho cc knh v tuyn t trm

di ng n h thng trm thu pht gc.

- Bng tn xung ( Downlink band ) : 935 960 MHz cho cc knh v tuyn

t trm thu pht gc n trm di ng. Mi bng rng 25 MHz, c chia thnh 124 sng mang. Cc sng mang cnh nhau cch nhau 200 KHz. Mi knh s dng 2 tn s ring bit, mt cho ng ln, mt cho ng xung. Cc knh ny c gi l knh song cng. Khong cch gia hai tn s l khng i v bng 45 MHz, c gi l khong cch song cng. Knh v tuyn ny mang 8 khe thi gian m mi khe thi gian l mt knh vt l trao i thng tin gia trm thu pht v trm di ng.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip Ngoi bng tn c s nh trn cn mang bng tn GSM m rng v bng tn DCS ( Digital Cellular Sytem ).

IV. Phng php truy nhp trong thng tin di ng giao din v tuyn, MS v BTS lin lc vi nhau bng sng v tuyn. ti nguyn tn s c hn c th phc v cng nhiu thu bao di ng, ngoi vic s dung li tn s, s knh v tuyn c dng theo kiu trung k. H thng trung k v tuyn l h thng v tuyn c s knh sn sng phc v t hn s ng dng kh d. Phng thc s dng chung cc knh gi l phng php a truy nhp: ngi dng khi c nhu cu th c m bo v s truy nhp vo trung k. a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s FDMA ( Frequency Division Multiple Access ): Phc v cc cuc gi theo cc knh tn s khc nhau, ngi dng c cp pht mt knh trong tp hp cc knh trong tp hp cc knh trong lnh vc tn s. Ph tn s c chia thnh 2N di tn s k tip, cch nhau mt khong bo v. Mi di tn c gn cho mt knh lin lc, N di tn cho lin lc hng ln, N di cn li cho lin lc hng xung.

a truy nhp phan chia theo thi gian TDMA ( Time Division Multiple Access ): Khi c yu cu mt cuc gi th mt knh v tuyn c n nh. Cc thu bao khc nhau dng chung 1 knh nh ci xen thi gian. Mi thu bao c cp mt khe trong cu trc khung tun hon 8 khe.

a truy nhp theo m CDMA ( Code Division Multiple Access ): L phng php tri ph tn hiu, thc hin l gn mi MS mt m ring bit cho php nhiu MS cng thu, pht c lp trn bng tn nn tng dung lng cho h thng. Hin nay cng ngh CDMA ang c trin khai ti mt s quc gia. Ti Vit Nam hin c mng thng tin di ng S- Fone ca cng ty C phn vin thng Si Gn ( SPT ) dang s dng cng ngh ny.

Ngoi ra cng c phng php truy nhp theo khng gian SDMA. Mng GSM s dng phng php TDMA kt hp FDMA.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

CHNG II CU TRC H THNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM

I. Cu trc h thng H thng thng tin di ng gm nhiu phn t chc nng. Mng GSM c phn chia thnh cc phn h:

Phn h chuyn mch NSS ( Network Switching Subsytem ) Phn h trm gc BSS ( Base Station Subsytem ) H thng khai thc v h tr OS ( Operation and Support System ) My di ng MS ( Mobile Station )

NSS

in PLMN
PST N ISDN GMSC MSC MSC VLR

AuC HLR

EIR OSS MMC

OMC TRAU SIM BTS ME BSC BSS

Hnh 2.1 M hnh h thng thng tin di ng SVTH: L c Hip

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip PSTN: Mng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng ISDN: Mng s liu lin kt a dch v PLMN: Mng di ng mt t cng cng Phn h chuyn mch NSS bao gm cc khi chc nng:

-Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng MSC ( Mobile Swtiching Centrer ).

- B ghi nh vthng tr HLR ( Home Location Register ).

-B ghi nh v tm tr VLR ( Vistitor Location Register ). -Trung tm nhn thc AUC ( Authencation Centrer ). -B ghi nhn thit b EIR ( Equipment Identification Register ). -Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng cng GMSC ( Gateway Mobile Switching Centrer ).

Phn h trm gc BSS bao gm cc khi chc nng:

- B iu khin trm gc BSC ( Base Station Center ). - Trm thu pht gc BTS ( Base Transceiver Station ).

H thng khai thc v h tr OSS bao gm cc khi chc nng:

-Trung tm qun l mng NMC ( Network Management Center ). -Trung tm qun l v bo dng OMC ( Operation & Maintenance Center ). Trm di ng MS:

- Thit b di ng ME ( Mobile Equipment ). - Modul nhn dng thu bao SIM ( Subscriber Identity Module ).

II.
1.

Chc nng cc phn t trong mng GSM Phn h chuyn mch NSS
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip Phn h chuyn mch bao gm cc chc nng chuyn mch chnh ca GSM cng nh cc c s d liu cn thit cho s liu thu bao v qun l di ng ca thu bao. Chc nng chnh ca h thng chuyn mch l qun l thng tin gia nhng ngi s dng trong mng GSM v cc mng khc. Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng MSC

MSC l mt tng i thc hin tt c cc chc nng chuyn mch v bo hiu ca MS nm trong vng a l do MSC qun l. MSC khc vi tng i c nh l n phi iu phi cung cp cc ti nguyn v tuyn cho thu bao v MSC phi thc hin t nht hai th tc: -Th tc ng k -Th tc chuyn giao MSC mt mt giao tip vi BSS, mt khc giao tip vi mng ngoi. MSC lm nhim vuh giao tip vi mng ngoi c gi l MSC cng ( GMSC ), c chc nng tng tc IWF ( InterWorking Fungction ) thch ng cc c im truyn dn ca GMS v cc mng ngoi. Phn h chuyn mch giao tip vi mng ngoi s dng kh nng truyn ti ca cc mng ny cho vic truyn ti s liu ca ngi s dng hoc bo hiu gia cc phn t ca mng GSM. MSC thng l mt toonhr i ln iu khin v qun l mt s b iu khin trm gc BSC. B ghi nh v thng tr HLR

HLR l mt c s d liu quan trng trong mng c chc nng qun l thu bao. Mt PLMN c th c mt hoc nhiu HLR ph thuc vo lng thu bao. HLR lu li loi s gn cho mi thu bao di ng, l: + MSISDN: s danh b ( s thu bao ) Cu trc: MSISDN = CC + NDC + SN CC: M quc gia ( Vit Nam: 84 )

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip NDC: M mng ( Vinaphone: 91, Mobiphone: 90 ) SN: S thu bao trong mng ( gm 7 s ) VD: 84.91.2037878 + IMSI: S nhn dng thu bao dng bo hiu trong mng Cu trc: IMSI = MCC + MNC + MSIN MCC: M quc gia ( Vit Nam: 452 ) MNC: M mng ( Vinaphone: 02, Mobiphone: 01 ) MSIN: S thu bao trong mng ( gm 7 s ) VD: 84.91.2037878 452.02.2037878 Nh vy, vi mt s MSISDN s tng ng vi mt s IMSI v ch tn ti mt s IMSI duy nht trong ton h thng GSM. IMSI c s dng MS truy nhp vo c s d liu. C s d liu cha cc thng tin sau: -Thng tin thu bao dch v thoi v phi thoi mng ( Bearer service ). -Gii hn dch v ( Giowis hn roaming ). -Cc dch v h tr. HLR cha cc thng s ca cc dch v ny; tuy nhin n cn c th c lu trong card thu bao. Nh vy, HLR khng c kh nng chuyn mch nhng c kh nng qun l hng ngn thu bao mi, th cc thng tin v thu bao s c ng k trong HLR. Trung tm nhn thc AuC

AuC kt ni vi HLR, cung cp cc thng s hp thc ha v cc kha m m bo chc nng bo mt. B ghi nh v tm tr VLR
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip VLR l c s d liu ln th hai trong mng, lu tr tm thi s liu thu bao hin ang nm trong vng phc v ca MSC tng ng v l tr s liu v v tr ca thu bao. Khi MS vo mt vng nh v mi, n phi thc hin th tc ng k. MSC qun l vng ny s tip nhn ng k ca MS v truyn s nhn dng vng nh v ( LAI ) ni c mt thu bao ti VLR. Mt VLR c th ph trch mt hoc nhiu vng MSC. Cc thng tin cn thit lp v nhn mt cuc gi ca MS c lu trong c s d liu ca VLR. i vi mt s dch v h tr, VLR c th truy vn cc thng tin t HLR: IMSI ( nhn dng my di ng quc t ), MSISDN ( ISDN ca my di ng ), s chuyn vng ca thu bao MS ( MSRN ), s nhn dng thu bao di ng ni b ( LMSI ) v vng nh v ni ng k MS. VLR cng cha cc thng s gn cho mi MS v c nhn dng t VLR. B ghi nhn dng thit b EIR

Thc th chc nng ny cha mt hoc nhiu c s d liu lu tr cc IMEI ( s nhn dng thiets b ) s dng trong h thng GSM. EIR c ni vi MSC qua mt ng bo hiu, nh vy MSC c th kim tra s hp l ca thit b. Trung tm chuyn mch dch v cng GMSC

thit lp mt cuc gi phi nh tuyn n tng i m khng cn bit v tr hin thi ca thu bao. GMSC c nhim v ly thng tin v v tr ca thu bao v nh tuyens cuc gi n tng i ang qun l thu bao thi im hin thi. GMSC c giao din bo hiu s 7 c th tng tc vi cc phn t khc ca h thng chuyn mch. 2. Phn h trm gc BSS

BSS thc hin kt ni cc MS vi cc tng i, do lin kt ngi s dng my di ng vi nhng ngi s dng dch v vin thng khc. BSS cng phi c iu khin nn c kt ni vi OSS. Trm thu pht gc BTS

BTS giao din vi MS x l cc tn hiu c th cho giao din v tuyn. Mt b phn quan trng ca BTS l TRAU ( khi chuyn i m v thch ng tc ). SVTH: L c Hip
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip B iu khin trm gc BSC

BSC c nhim v qun l tt c giao din v tuyn thng qua cc lnh iu khin t BTS v MS nh n nh, gii phng knh v tuyn v qun l chuyn giao. Mt BSC c th qun l nhiu BTS. S lng BTS m BSC c th qun l ph thc vo lu lng ca BTS. 3. H thng khai thc v h tr OSS

OSS thc hi chc nng khai thc, bo dng v qun l ton h thng.

Trung tm qun l mng NMC

NMC c t ti trung tm ca h thng, chu trch nhim cung cp chc nng qun l cho ton b mng:
- Gim st cc nt trong mng. - Gim st cc trng thi cc b phn ca mng. - Gim st trung tm bo dng v khait hc OMC ca cc vng v cung cp

thng tin n cc b phn OMC. Trung tm qun l v khai thc OMC

OMC cung cp chc nng chnh iu khin v gim st cac b phn trong mng ( cc BTS, MSC, cc c s d liu). OMC c chc nng: qun l cnh bo, qun l cht lng, qun l cu hnh v qun l bo mt. 4. Trm di ng MS

MS l thit b u cui cha chc nng v tuyn chung, x l giao din v tuyn v cung cp cc giao din vi ngi dng ( mn hnh, loa, bn phm). Mt trm di ng gm hai phn chnh:
- ME ( Mobile Equipment thit b di ng ): l phn cng dduwwocj dng

thu bao truy nhp vo mng. ME cha kt cui di ng ( MT ) ph thuc vo ng dng v cc dch v, c th kt hp cc nhm chc nng thch ng u cui ( TA ) v thit b u cui ( TE ) khc nhau.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip
- SIM ( Subscriber Identity Module modun nhn dng thu bao ): gn cht

vi ngi dng trong vai tr mt thu bao duy nht, c th lm vic vi nhiu ME khc nhau. SIM l mt card in t thng minh cc m vo ME nhn dng thu bao v tin tc bo v loi dch v m thu bao ng k. SIM c phn cng v phn mm cn thit vi b nh c th lu tr thng tin. C hai loi thng tin c nh v thng tin thay i: + Thng tin c nh: * S nh dng thu bao MSISDN, IMSI. Thu bao s c kim tra tnh hp l trc khi truy nhp vo mng thng qua s nhn dng IMSI c thc hin bi trung tm nhn thc AuC. * M kha c nhn Ki. + Thng tin thay i: * S hiu nhn dng vng nh v LAI * S nhn dng thu bao tm thi TMSI Mt s TMSI s tng ng mt IMSI c cp pht tm thi tng tnh bo mt cho qu trnh bo hiu gia MS v h thng. TMSI s thay i khi MS cp nht li v tr.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

CHNG III MNG BO HIU V CC KHA CNH MNG

I. Cc giao thc bo hiu trong h thng GSM Mng thng tin di ng GSM s dng h thng bo hiu s 7 ( bo hiu knh chung ) thit lp, gim st v gii phng cuc gi. Bo hiu s 7 l mng d liu chuyn mch gi c thit k trao i bo hiu.

AuC PLMN PSTN ISDN

EIR

ISUP TUP
GMS C

MAP

HLR

R2 National

MAP
VLR

ISUP
MSC

DTAP ( part of BSSAP )

BSC

BSSMAP ( part of BSSAP )

Abis
BTS

MS

Um

Hnh 3.1: Cc giao thc bo hiu trong mng GSM

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip Cc giao thc gia BSC BTS - MS Cc giao thc ny s dng trong cc giao din Um v Abis theo chun ca ETSI. Cc giao thc ny h tr cc chc nng ca BTS v BSC nh sau: a. Gi cc thng tin ca mng v cell. Thng tin c cp nht t BSC, truyn lin tc ti BTS v lu trong BTS. Nhn tin: c khi to t MSC cho php BSC hot ng thng qua BSSMAP. BSC ln lt cho php cc BST trong mt vng nh v hot ng. Cc BTS gi cc cuc gi nhn, kim tra tn hiu tr li v gi thng bo ti BSC. BTS cng nhn cuc gi t MS v gi ti BSC.
b.

Cung cp v gii phng knh iu khin ( SDCCH ). BSC thc hin cc chc nng ny, BTS s x l cc thng tin ti / t MS.
c.

d. Cung cp v gii phng knh kuwu lng ( TCH ) thit lp, xa v chuyn giao. BSC thc hin cc chc nng ny v BTS x l cc khi knh lin quan. e. Nhn nh hon thnh vic chuyn giao. BTS bo vi BSC khi n pht hin c tn hiu ca MS trn knh lu lng mi. f. iu khin m / gii m. BTS thc hin chc nng kch hot v gii phng vic m ha theo yu cu ca BSC. iu khin cc m thoi v thch ng tc ca cc knh thng tin. Thit b thch ng tc m ha TRAU thng c t trong BSC nhng c iu khin bi BTS x nh cc knh lu lng.
g.

Kim tra cht lng truyn dn v di tn hiu trong cc knh hng ln ang hot ng v ch idle ( ri ). Kim tra c thc hin BTS v c thng bo ti BSC.
h.

i. Giao din v tuyn cng bao gm cc chc nng c t ng x l bi BTS. j. BTS. Thng tin ng b v s nhn dng MS c gi lin tc ti

SVTH: L c Hip

17

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip k. Chc nng iu khin tn s c x l bi BTS, cc tn hiu iu khin ny c gi lin tc t BTS. Giao din v tuyn cng c cc chc nng: M ha knh, ghp knh, qun l burst, TDMA v iu ch. Cc giao thc gia MSC BSC v MSC MS: Giao thc bo hiu BSSAP cha cc phn t sau: Cc bn tin BSSMAP, DTAP v INTIAL MS. * Cc bn tin DTAP trao i gia MSC v MS ng k v nhn thc khi MS tt. Cc bn tin TDAP c chuyn qua BSC v BTS. Cc bn tin khi to MS ( IMSI ) c truyn gia MSC v MS cp nht v tr v nhn tin.

BSSMAP l giao thc c s dng gia MSC v BSC nhn tin, thc hin cuc gi, chuyn giao, cung cp, duy tr cc knh lu lng v m ha trong BTS, MS. Giao thc ny cng c dng duy tr cc khe thi gian trn cc knh PCM gia MSC v BSC.

Cc giao thc gia cc trung tm chuyn mch di ng MSC: Khi thc hin chuyn giao gia cc MSC, MAP c s dng bo hiu chuyn giao trong khi ISUP c s dng thit lp v xa cc kt ni. Cc giao thc gia GMSC v MSC: ISUP c s dng ging nh trong PSTN/ISDN. Cc giao thc gia MSC v HLR, VLR, AuC v EIR: MAP c s dng cho tt c cc bo hiu. N h tr ng k, bo hiu cc s roaming, nhn thc v nhn dng thit b. Cc giao thc vi cc mng ngoi: S dng TUP, ISUP v cc giao thc lin quan ti knh.

SVTH: L c Hip

18

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

II. Cc giao din trong h thng GSM A bis: BSC BTS A: BSC MSC B: MSC VLR C: MSC HLR D: VLR HLR
III. 1.

Um ( v tuyn ): MS - BTS E: MSC - MSC F: MSC - EIR G: VLR - VLR H: HLR AUC

Cc kha cnh mng Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn

Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn l mt lp chc nng trong qun l mng, c xem xt thng qua vic thit lp mt knh truyn gia MS v MSC. Cc phn t chc nng chnh l MS, BSS v MSC. RR qun l mt phin RR l thi gian m thit b di ng mt trng thi xc nh s dng cc knh v tuyn. Mt phin RR c khi to t MS thng qua mt th tc truy nhp mng hoc cho cuc gi i hoc nhn bn tin nhn. Khi no mt knh c cung cp cho MS hay phn knh nhn s c x l trong lp RR. Hn na, lp RR cng qun l c cc c tnh v tuyn nh iu khin cng sut, truyn nhn gin on v nh thi. * Chuyn giao ( Handover ) Trong mng cellular, cc knh v tuyn v c nh khng c cp pht lu di cho mt cuc gi. Cuc gi s c chuyn sang mt knh hoc mt cell khc, c gi l chuyn giao. Vic kim tra v thc hin chuyn giao to nn mt trong nhng chc nng c bn ca lp RR. C 4 loi chuyn giao khc nhau trong h thng GSM, c thc hin gia:

SVTH: L c Hip

19

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

Cc knh ( cc khe thi gian ) trong cng mt cell Cc cell ( BTS ) do mt BSC iu khin

Cc cell di s iu khin ca nhiu BSC khc nhau nhng thuc cng mt MSC Cc cell ca cc MSC khc nhau

Hai loi chuyn giao u tin gi l chuyn giao cc b. tit kim bng thng bo hiu, vic chuyn giao chi do BSC m khng cn MSC qun l v ch thng bo cho MSC khi hon thnh chuyn giao. Hai loi chuyn giao cn li l chuyn giao ngoi do cc MSC qun l. Chuyn giao c th c khi to t MS hoc MSC. Trong khi cc khe thi gian trng thi ch, MS qut knh iu khin qung b ( BCCH ) trong 16 cell ln cn, chn ra 6 cell tt nht phc v chuyn giao da trn di tn hiu nhn c. Thng tin ny c truyn ti BSC v MSC t nht 1 giy mt ln. Chuyn giao trong cng mt BSC:

trng hp ny BSC phi thit lp mt ng ni n BTS mi, dnh rieng mt TCH a mnh v ra lnh cho MS phi chuyn n 1 tn s mi ng thi cng ch ra mt TCH mi. Tnh hung ny khng i hi thng tin g n phn cn li ca mng. Sau khi chuyn giao MS phi nhn c cc thng tin mi ln cn . Nu nh vic thay i n BTS mi cng l thayddooir vng nh v th MS s thng bo cho mng LAI ca mnh v yu cu cp nht v tr. Chuyn giao gia hai BSC khc nhau nhng cng mt MSC/VLR

Trng hp ny cho thy s chuyn giao trong cng mt vng phc v nhng gia hai BSC khc nhau. Mng can thip nhiu hn khi quyt nh chuyn giao. BSC phi yu cu chuyn giao t MSC/VLR. Sau c mt ng ni thng mi ( MSC/VLR BSC mi BSC mi ) phi c thit lp nu c TCH ri. TCH ny phi c dnh cho chuyn giao. Sao khi MS nhn c lnh chuyn n tn s mi v TCH mi. Ngoi ra, sau khi chuyn giao MS c thng bo v cc ln cn mi. Nu vic thay i BTS cng vi vic thay i vng nh v MS s gi i yu cu cp nht vih tr trong qu trnh cuc gi hay sau cuc gi. SVTH: L c Hip
20

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip Chuyn giao gia hai vng phc v MSC/VLR:

y l trng hp chuyn giao phc tp nht nhiu tn hiu c trao i trc khi thc hin chuyn giao. Ta s xt 2 MSC/VLR, gi MSC/VLR c ( tham gia cuc gi trc khi chuyn giao ) l tng i phc v v MSC/VLR mi l tng i ch. Tng i c s gi yu cu chuyn giao n tng i ch. Sau , tng i ch s m nhn vic chun b ni ghp ti BTS mi. Sau khi thit lp ng ni gia hai tng i c s gi i lnh chuyn giao n MS. 2. Qun l di ng

Qun l di ng cng l mt lp chc nng, l lp trn lp RR, x l cc chc nng di ng ca thu bao v thc hin nhn thc v bo mt. Qun l v tr lin quan ti cc th tc cho php h thng bit v tr hin ti ca thit b di ng thc hin nh tuyn cc cuc gi. * Cp nht v tr MS c thng bo c mt cuc gi n bi mt bn tin ngn c gi qua knh PAGCH ca cell. Mt phn ca knh c s dng nhn trong mi cell trong mng, mt phn c dng MS truyn cc bn tin cp nht v tr cp cell ti mng. Do cc bn tin nhn c gi chnh xc ti mt cell nhng s rt lng ph bng thng do s lng cc bn tin cp nht v tr ln. Mt gii php c thc hin trong GSM l nhm cc cell thnh cc vng nh v LA ( Location Area ). Ch khi LA thay i, MS mi gi cc bn tin cp nht v cc MS c nhn trong cc cell ca vng nh v. Cc th tc cp nht v nh tuyn cuc gi thc hin trong MSC, VLR v HLR. Khi MS vo mt LA mi hoc PLMN ca mt nh vn hnh khc, n phi ng k vi mng ch ra v tr hin ti cu mnh. Thng thng, bn tin cp nht v tr c gi ti MSC/VLR mi m lu cc thng tin v vng nh v, sau gi cc thng tin ny ti HLR ca thu bao. Thng tin c gi ti HLR l a ch SS7 ca VLR mi, n c th l s nh tuyn. Nu thu bao c php s dng dch v, HLR gi mt tp cc thng tin cn cho vic iu khin cuc gi ti MSC/VLR mi v gi mt bn tin ti MSC/VLR c xa ng k c. SVTH: L c Hip
21

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip m bo tin cy, GSM thc hin mt th tc cp nht v tr nh k. Th tc ny lin quan ti cp nht v tr l gn tch IMSI ( IMSI attach/detach ). Thc hin detach ch ra rn mng khng th t ti MS na v khng phi cp pht cc knh v gi bn tin nhn. Mt Attach tuwowgn t nh cp nht v tr thng bo cho mng MS tr li trng thi hot ng. * Nhn thc v bo mt V ti nguyn v tuyn c th c truy nhp bi bt k ngi no, nn vic nhn thc ngi s dng l thnh phn rt quan trng trong mng di ng. Nhn thc c thc hin gia SIM card trong MS v trung tm nhn thc AuC. Mi thu bao c mt kha bo mt, c lu ng thi trong SIM v AuC. Trong khi nhn thc AuC s pht s ngu nhin ti MS. C MS v AuC sau s dng s ngu nhin ny cng vi m bo mt ca thu bao v thut ton m ha pht mt p ng c k hiu ( SRES ) li AuC. Nu s c gi t MS ging vi s c tnh ton trong AuC, thu bao s nhn c nhn thc. Mt cp bo mt khcct hc hin trong MS, mi thit bi GSM c nhn dng bi s IMEI v c nhn thc bi s ny. 3. Qun l truyn thng

Qun l truyn thng ( CM ) l lp trn cng, phc v iu khin cuc gi, qun l dch v h tr v qun l dch v bn tin ngn. Mi chc nng c xem xt l mt phn lp trong lp CM. Cc chc nng ca mt phn lp bao gm thit lp, la chn mt dch v v xa mt cuc gi. * nh tuyn cuc gi Khng ging nh nh tuyn mt cuc gi trong mng c nh m thit n c kt ni vi b phn trung tm, ngi s dng GSM c th chuyn vng quc gia v quc t. S quay trc tip t thu bao di ng c gi l MSISDN, c gi ngha bi k hoch nh s E. 164. Mt cuc gi kt cui di ng c gi ti chc nng GMSC. GMSC l mt b chuyn mch kt ni vi HLR ly cc thng tin nh tuyn . Do n c mt bng cc MSISDN ti HLR tng ng. Thng in nh tuyn c gi li SVTH: L c Hip
22

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip GMSC l s roaming di ng ( MSRN ). Cc MSRN lin quan ti k hoch nh s vng a l, khng c cung cp cho thu bao. Th tc inh tuyn thng s dng nht bt u vi vic truy vn HLR ca thu bao b gi ly MSRN. HLR ch lu cc a ch SS7 VLR hin ti ca thu bao m khng c MSRN. HLR do phi truy vn VLR hin ti ca thu bao m cung cp tm thi MSRN. MSRN ny c gi li HLR v GMSC, sau cuc gi c nh tuyn ti MSC mi. Ti MSC mi, IMSI tng ng MSRN c kim tra v thit b di ng c nhn trong vng nh v hin ti ang c mt.

SVTH: L c Hip

23

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

CHNG IV GIAO TIP V TUYN

Giao tip v tuyn l tn gi chung ca u ni gia MS v BTS. Giao tip s dng khi nim TDMA vi mt khung TDMA cho mt tn s mang. Mt khung, gm 8 khe thi gian ( Time Slot TS ). I. Khi nim v cc knh v tuyn: Mng GSM/PLMN c dnh 124 knh sng mang, sng ny di tn: -ng ln ( MS BTS ): 890 915 MHz. -ng xung (BTS MS ): 935 960 MHz. Bng tn ng ln 890,2 914,8 v ng xung 935,2 959,8 MHz. Mi di tn sng mang cch nhau 200KHz, trn mi sng mang thc hin ghp knh theo thi gian, thc hin ghp khung TDMA ta c s knh bng: 124 8 ( TS ) = 992 knh. 1. Knh vt l Knh vt l l mt khe thi gian mt tn s v tuyn dnh truyn ti thng tin ng v tuyn ca GSM. Mi knh tn s v tuyn c t chc thnh cc khung TDMA di 4,615 ms gm c 8 khe thi gian ( mt khe di 577s ). Ti BTS, cc khung TDMA cc knh tn s c ng ln v ng xung u c ng b, mi MS c cung cp mt khe thi gian c cng s th t hng ln hay hng xung truyn bn song cng. V mt thi gian, cc knh vt l mt tn s c t chc theo cu trc khung, a khung, siu a khung, siu siu khung nh hnh v:

SVTH: L c Hip

24

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

1 siu siu khung = 2048 siu khung = 2715648 khung TDMA ( 3h2853760ms
0 1 2

2045

2046

2047

1 siu khung = 1326 khung ( 6,12s )

0 1 2

1 siu khung = 1326 khung ( 6,12s )

50 0

TCH

49

BCCH

25

1 a khung = 26 khung ( 120ms )

0 1

1 a khung = 51 khung ( 235ms )

25 0 1

TCH

24

TCH

49

50

1 khung TDMA = 8 TS

Burst = 156,25 bit periods = 0,577 ms Hnh 4.1. T chc khung ,a khung

SVTH: L c Hip

25

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip 2. Knh logic: Cc knh logic mang cc thng tin iu khin, bo hiu gia BTS v MS. Cc knh logic c t vo cc knh vt l ni trn. C th chia cc knh logic ny gm hai loi knh: Cc knh lu lng ( TCH ) v cc knh bo hiu iu khin.
Knh lu lng ( TCH Traffic Channel ):

Cc knh lu lng ny gm hai loi c nh ngha nh sau:

- Bm hay TCH ton tc ( TCH/F Tranffic Channel at Fullrate ): Knh ny

mang thng tin ting hoc s liu tc khong 22,8 Kbps. -Lm hay TCH bn tc ( TCH/h Tranffic Channel at Halfrate ): Knh ny mang thng tin ting hoc s liu tc khong 11,4 Kbps. Knh bo hiu iu khin: Cc knh bo hiu iu khin c chia lm ba loi: Knh iu khin qung b, knh iu khin chung, knh dnh ring.
- Knh iu khin qung b ( BCCH Broacast Common Control Channel ):

Knh pht qung b cc thng tin chung v . Cc bn tin ny gi l thng tin h thng, BCCH ch s dng cho ng xung. -Cc knh iu khin chung ( CCCH Common Control Channel ) gm: Knh tm gi ( PCH Paging Channel ) s dng cho ng xung tm gi my di ng. Knh thm nhp ngu nhin ( RACH Random Access Grant Channel ) c MS dng yu cu cung cp mt knh dnh ring SDCCH. Knh cho php thm nhp ( AGCH Access Grant Channel ) ch c s dng ng xung ch nh mt knh SDCCH cho MS.
- Cc knh iu khin dnh ring ( DCCH Dedicated Control Channel )

gm: SVTH: L c Hip

26

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip Knh iu khin dnh ring ng mt mnh ( SDCCH Stand Alone DCCH ) ch c s dng dnh ring cho bo hiu vi mt MS. Knh iu khin lin kt chm ( SACCH Slow Associcated Control Channel ) lin kt vi mt TCH hay mt SDCCH. Knh iu khin lin kt nhanh ( FACCH Fast Associcated Control Channel ) lin kt vi mt TCH. FACCH lm vic ch ly ln bng cch thay i lu lng ting hay s liu bng bo hiu. Knh qung b ( CBCH Celluar Broadcast Channel ): Ch c dng ng xung pht qung b cc bn tin ngn ( SMSCB ) cho cc t bo CBCH s dng cng knh vt l nh SDCCH.
4.

Sp xp cc knh logic cc knh vt l:

Xt mt BTS vi n sng mang ( truyn song cng, mi sng mang Co, ,Cn ) c khe thi gian Ts. Vi Co ng xung, Tso c dng ch nh sp xp cc knh iu khin.

.........

Cc khung TDM

BCCH

CCCH ng xung

Ghp knh BCH v CCCH TS0:

- TS0 sng mang C0 , ng ln xung cha cc knh FCCH, SCH v

BCCH, n c dng thm nhp BCCH, FCCH, SCH, FCH, AGCH ng xung ring RACH ng ln.

SVTH: L c Hip

27

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip
0 1 2 . 7 0 1 2 . 7 0 1 2

R R R R R R R R R -

51khung TDMA lin tip

i vi TS1, c s dng sp xp cc knh iu khin dnh ring ln cc knh vt l, do tc bit trong qu trnh thit lp cuc gi v ng k kh thp nn c th 8 SDCCH mt TS1, s dng TS hiu qu hn.
Cc cch ghp knh TS1:

CDCCH + SACCH ng xung. SDCCH + SACCH ng ln.

TS1 thng tin ca khe s c s dng cho cc knh lu thng TCH. TS2 TS7 gi l knh thng tin lu thng logic vi chu k lp li l 26 TS. TS0: L cc knh iu khin logic, chu k lp li l 51 TS. TS1: Cc knh iu khin logic, chu ky lp li l 102 TS
-

Vi cc sng mang C1 - CN dnh cho TS0 TS7 u l TCH. Mi ch c 1 Co v ch c sau TCH ( TS2 TS7 ). Vi sng mang b xung, c TS c th s dng cho TCH.

SVTH: L c Hip

28

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

CHNG V CC DCH V TRONG GSM

Cc dch v trong GSM thng tng l dch v chuyn mch knh. Giao din v tuyn sau khi thc hin sa sai l 12Kbps ( hoc 13 Kbps cho thoi ). Tc ti a cho ngi s dng l 9,6 Kbps gia MS v MSC. Trong nn tng , GSM c nhm dch v sau: I. Dch v thoi: L dch v quan trng nht ca GSM. N cho php cc cuc gi hai hng din ra gia ngi s dng GSM vi thu bao ng l mt mng in thoi ni chung no. Dch v cuc gi khn l mt loi dch v khc bt ngun t dch v thoi. N cho php ngi dng c th lin lc vi cc dch v khn cp nh cnh st hay cu ha m c th c hay khng SIM Card trong my di ng. Mt dch v khc na l VMS, cho php cc bn tin thoi c th c lu tr ri ly ra thi im bt k. II. Dch v s liu: GSM c thit k a ra rt nhiu dch v s liu. Cc dc v s liu c phn bit vi nhau bi ngi s dng phng tin ( ngi s dng in thoi PSTN, ISDN hoc cc mng c bit ), bi bn cht cc lung thng tin u cui ( d liu th, Fax, Videotex, Teletex ) bi phng tin truyn dn ( gi hay nch, ng b hay khng ng b) v bi bn cht thit b u cui. Cc dch v ny cha thc s thch hp vi mi trng di ng. Mt trong cc vn l do yu cu thit b u cui kh cng knh, ch ph hp vi mc ch bn c nh hoc thit b t trn t. III.Dch v bn tin ngn: Dch v bn tin ngn kh ph hp vi mi trng di ng. Cc bn tin ngn di vi octet c th c tieps nhn bng thit b u cui rt nh.

SVTH: L c Hip

29

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip C hai loi dch v bn tin ngn: Dch v bn tin ngn truyn im im ( gia hai thu bao ). Loi ny cng chia lm hai loi:
-

+ Dch v bn tin ngn kt cui di ng, im im ( SMS MO/PP ): Cho php ngi s dng GSM nhn cc bn tin ngn. + Dch v bn tin ngn khi u t Mobile, im - im ( SMS MI/PP ): Cho php ngi s dng GSM gi bn tin n ngi s dng GSM khc. Dch v bn tin ngn phat qung b: Cho php bn tin ngn n my di ng trong mt vng a l nht nh. IV.Cc dch v ph: Cc dch v sa i v lm phong ph thm cc dch v c bn, ch yu cho php ngi s dng la chn cuc gi n v i s c mng x l nh th no hoc cung cp cho ngi s dng cc thng tin cho php s dng hiu qu hn. Cc dch v thng l: Chn ng cuc gi ( CB ). Gi cuc gi ( CH ). Chuyn cuc gi ( CF ). Hin th s my ch gi ( CLIP ). Cm hin th s my ch gi ( CLIR ). i cuc gi ( CW ). Tnh cc thu thu bao. Hi ngh ( MPTY ). Nhm thu (CUG ).

SVTH: L c Hip

30

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip
-

Cho php thu bao chuyn vng. Cho php thu bao chuyn mng.

SVTH: L c Hip

31

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip

KT LUN
Trong bo co thc tp ny xt cc vn chung nht v h thng thng tin di ng, tm hiu mt h thng thng tin di ng c th c s dng ph bin nht hin nay l h thng GSM. Trong giai on m trnh khoa hc k thut phat trin mt cch nhanh chng, th vic khng nh v tr ca h thng GSM, tiu biu Vit Nam m c th l vic Vietnamobile phi chuyn t cng ngh CDMA sang cng ngh GSM, vn l mt yu t quan trng trong thng tin di ng. c bit l Vit Nam, ni m th trng thng tin di ng so vi th gii vn cn l thc s l mi m. Nhng cng c bc tin thn k v ng gp quan trng cho bc tin l h thng thng tin di ng GSM. Cho d phi khng nh mt iu, h thng thng tin di ng CDMA cng ngh ca tng lai, nhng vic lin tc pht trin v i mi cng ngh GSM v c bit hn i vi th trng trong nc vn cha khai thc trit nhng ng dng ca h thng thng tin di ng GSM. Nn h thng thng tin di ng GSM vn cn c ch ng quan trng trong nghnh vin thng.

SVTH: L c Hip

32