Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959)

- DHRUV BANSAL 10110014 B.ARCH 3RD YR

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

Early life
? Lloyd Wright was born in the farming town of Richland Center, ? Frank

Wisconsin, United Wright.

States, in 1867 and named Frank Lincoln

?father, William Carey Wright (18251904), was a locally admired ? His

orator, music teacher, occasional lawyer, and itinerant minister.

?mother Anna Lloyd Jones was a county school teacher. ? His

Education
? ? Wright attended a Madison high school, but there is no evidence he ever graduated. ? ? was admitted to the University of WisconsinMadison as a special student in 1886. He

There he joined Phi Delta Theta fraternity, tookclasses part-time for two semesters, and worked with a professor of civil engineering, Allan D. Conover.
? ? In 1887, Wright left the school without taking a degree (although he was granted an

honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts from the University in 1955) Work

? ? In 1887 Frank Lloyd Wright arrived in Chicago in search of employment.Within days,

and after interviews with several prominent firms, he was hired as a draftsman with the architectural firm of Joseph Lyman Silsbee.
? draftsmen who worked for Silsbee in 1887 included future architects Cecil ? Other

Corwin, George W.Maher, and George G. Elmslie. Wright soon befriended Corwin, with whom he lived until he found a permanent home.
? Wright aspired for more progressive work. After less than a year had passed in ? Still,

Silsbee's office, Wright learned that the Chicago firm of Adler & Sullivan was "looking for someone to make the finish drawings for the interior of the Auditorium [Building]". Wright demonstrated that he was a competent impressionist of Louis Sullivan's ornamental designs and two short interviews later, was an official apprentice in the firm.
? he started taking projects refused by firm.In this attempthe broke the contract and Here

was asked to leave the firm. After leaving Louis Sullivan, Wright established his own practice on the top floor of the Sullivan designed Schiller Building

Philosophy

Form and Function are one Broad stone masses chimneys , walls , and piers throughout the plan could do the work of carrying floors and roofs , leaving external walls free to be harmoniously arranged . Use of roof projections, overhangs and cantilever.

use of cantilever

Use of straight lines for private residences and curve line for public buildings

use of curved lines in GRADY GAMMAGE MEMORIAL AUDITORIUM

use of straight lines in WINSLOW HOUSE

Organic architecture
There are four elements of organic architecture: First: people live close to nature : Here he also applies the concept of outside inside .

Zimmerman House is open to nature

Second: nature is a source of design inspiration.

Guggenheim Museum inspired from snail shell

Third: Local materials are used in their natural (raw )form.

Use of local material in Howard Anthony House

Fourth: going with the natural climate rather than fixing artificial one.

Falling Water
? ? Fallingwater or Kaufmann Residence is a house designed

by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1935 in rural South western Pennsylvania, 43 miles (69 km) southeast of Pittsburgh. The home was built partly over a waterfall on Bear Run in the Mill Run section of Stewart Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in the Laurel Highlands of the AlleghenyMountains. ?
? Edgar Kaufmann Sr. was a successful Pittsburgh

businessman and president of Kaufmann's Department Store. His son, Edgar Kaufmann, Jr., studied architecture briefly under Wright
? Kaufmanns owned property outside Pittsburgh with ? The

a waterfall and cabins they used as a rural retreat. When the cabins deteriorated, Mr. Kaufmann contacted Wright. ?

? In November 1934, Wright visited Bear

Run and asked for a survey of the area around the waterfall. including all the site's boulders, trees and topography, and it was forwarded to Wright in March 1935. ? September 1935 ,nine months On 22 after their initial meeting, they again met It was at this time that Kaufmann first became aware that Wright intended to build the home above the falls, rather than below them to afford a view of the cascades as he had expected. ? that Kaufmann was initally very It is said upset that Wright had designed the house to sit atop the falls. He had wanted the house located on the southern bank of Bear Run, directly facing the falls.He had told Wright that was his favorite aspect of the Bear Run property.
Original site

Planning
Orientation Wright oriented the house to southeast as he preferred extending floors in horizontal bands.

First Floor Planning an open living room and compact kitchen

Second floor planning

Three small bedroom

Third Floor Planning

Study room and bedroom of Kauffmans adult son

Some Design features

? important feature is the terrace cantilevered above the rocky The most

ledge which defy gravity.

? The ceilings of the rooms are low, reaching only up to 64? in some places, in

order to direct the eye horizontally to look outside.

? Use of space along the staircase for keeping books

? floor terrace Second

Use of local materials

? All the

stone used at falling water was quarried at 500 feet west of the waterfall.

? steel was painted red so it resemble iron ore.

? Pale ochre color of the concrete was used to match the back of a fallen

rhododendron leaf

Interiors
?glass has been used to bring outside inside A lot of ? Local stone is used for cladding and flooring

study room

view of flowing water from inside

Kitchen

Living room

fireplace

Bedroom

Criticism
? The inhabitants instead of having a wonderful view of the fall cant even

see it with the house right on the top of the falls.

? Sometimes the noise of falling water becomes irritating.

Guggenheim Museum

? Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (often referred to as "The Guggenheim") is a well-known The

art museum located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City.
? museum was established by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in 1939 as the ? The

Museum of Non-Objective Painting, under the guidance of its first director, the artist Hilla von Rebay. It adopted its current name after the death of its founder, Solomon R. Guggenheim, in 1952.
? ? Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, the cylindrical museum building, wider at the top than the

bottom, was conceived as a "temple of the spirit" and is one of the 20th century's most important architectural landmarks. The building opened on October 21, 1959, replacing rented spaces used by the museum since its founding.

Guggenheim in Manhattans skyline

? Frank Lloyd Wright was no fan of Manhattan. He once

described it as a vast prison with glass fronts. For Wright the saving grace for the museum's site was its proximity to Central Park. As close to nature as one gets in New York, the park afforded relief from the noise and congestion of the City.
? the rest of Fifth Avenue presents buildings that Whereas

are rectangular, vertical, and decorated with bits of ornamentation, the Guggenheim counters this regularity with its circular, horizontal, and sculpted facade.

Frank Lloyd Wrights perception about museum

? He conceived of the museum as an airy, open place where visito

would not have to retrace their steps.

? Wright whisked people to the top of the building via elevator, proceeding

downward at a leisurely pace on the gentle slope of a continuous ramp.

? The galleries were divided like the membranes in citrus fruit, with

self-contained yet interdependent sections

? ? .

The open rotunda afforded viewers the unique possibility of seeing several bays of work on different levels simultaneously

? ?

Fulfilling the concept of organic architecture to make use of natural climate there is Skylight in the centre of the museum which provides ample amount of light.

? is sufficient for keeping sculpture. Space

Criticism
?

Some people, especially artists, criticized Wright for creating a museum environment that might overpower the art inside

? Challenges are presented by continuous spiral ramp gallery that is both

tilted and has non-vertical curved walls.

? Any vertical object appears tilted because the slope of the floor and the

curvature of the walls could combine to produce vexing optical illusion.