Tutorial 14 DC Circuit Tutorial Suggested Solutions 1. a) i) ii) iii) iv) v) 2. a) b) c) 3. V/V 2 0 P Q R S I1 = I4 I2 = I1 + I3 E1 = V1 + V2 E2 = V2 + V3 E1 - V1 = E2 - V3 The battery is flat.

Lamp As filament has blown. There is a broken connection between the battery and lamp A or between the battery and lamp F. (Principle 1) (Principle 1) (Principle 2) (Principle 2) (Principle 2) [Alternatively, use (iii) and (iv) to derive (v)]

-5 -8

4.

12 I (3.0) = 0.5 (I) (6.0)

I=2A

where I is the total current

Hence the ammeter reading is 1 A. Note: The total current supplied by the battery will be split equally at the junction. [Alternatively, try simplifying the circuit using series and parallel connection] 5. When variable resistor is 0 k, Rc = 1.0 k. Voltmeter reading = 12 V (maximum) When variable resistor is 1.0 k, Voltmeter reading =
1

1 12 = 8 V (minimum) 1 + (1 + 1) 1

6.

1 1 1 Rc = + + = 0.545 1 2 3

7.

1 1 RPQ = + = 0.9 1 9
RQR =

1 1 ; RPR = + = 2.1 3 7
; RQS =

1 1 ; RPS = + = 2.4 6 4
; RRS =

1 1 = 1.6 + 2 8

1 1 = 2.5 + 5 5

1 1 = 2.1 + 7 3

Resistance is maximum between Q and S. 8. 9. 10. Answer: D Answer: B Total R = R + V=

1 1 = R + 0.5 R = 1.5 R + R R

0.5R 6=2V 1.5R

Hence the voltmeter reading is 2 V. 11.

1 1 Rc = 20 + 50 + + = 820 800 12000

Ammeter reading, I =

6 = 7.32 mA 820

Voltmeter reading = 6 (0.00732 20) - (0.00732 50) = 5.49 V [Alternatively, try potential divider method and V = IR method] 12.

R 6 R + RLDR R 2= 6 R + 1200
Vat Y = R = 600

13.

a) i)

R=

1 1 + = 500 600 3000

1

ii)

1 1 R= + = 300 600 600 1 1 R= + = 600 600

1

iii)

b)

R/ 600 500 300 0 600 3000 R2 /

c) i) 1) Reff of the 600 resistor and LDR = ( Current supplied by battery =

1 1 -1 + ) = 500 600 3000

Voltage across LDR = 12 (0.02264 30) = 11.32 V Therefore, Current through LDR =

12 = 0.02264 A 30 + 500

11.32 = 3.77 mA 3000

(Try P = I2R too)

2) Power dissipated in LDR = 0.00377 11.32 = 0.0427 W c) ii) When RLDR drops to 100 , Current supplied by battery =

12 1 = 0.1037 A 1 30 + + 600 100

1

Voltage across LDR = 12 (0.1037 30) = 8.889 V

ILDR =

8.889 = 0.08889 A 100

> 0.5 W [Try P = VI too]

Power dissipated in LDR = 0.088892 100 = 0.79 W Hence, LDR will be overheated and damaged. d) 12.0 V 600 30

14.

a)

(1.110 6 ) 1.2 R= = = 1.389 = 1.4 A ( 0.00055 2 )

P.d. across XY =

b)

1.4 3.0 = 2 V 1.4 + 0.7 2 = 1.666 = 1.7 V m-1 1.2

p.d. per unit length of XY = c) i)

Current through cell C

ii) iii) 15. a) i)

Position of J on XY =

1.5 = 0.9 m away from X 1.7

Change the material of the wire to one with a lower resistivity OR larger cross sectional area. The fixed resistor R forms a potential divider with the thermistor. Without the fixed resistor, the voltmeter will always read 9.0 V, regardless of the temperature of the thermistor (assume voltmeter is put across thermistor). 1.2 k V=

b) i) ii) c)

5.0 9.0 = 7.258 = 7.3 V 5.0 + 1.2

Between 2.5 oC and 30 oC, the voltmeter reading only varies from 5.3 V to 7.3 V, which is a narrow range. Hence, the voltmeter is not able to show small temperature changes. The thermal energy in a body depends on the sum of the k.e. and p.e. of all the molecules of the body (the unit is joule). However, temperature is only a measure of how hot or cold an object is (the unit for temperature is Kelvin). Hence temperature is not a measure of the quantity of thermal energy in a body. b) i) The variation of the resistance of the thermistor is much greater and more linear for temperature between 273 K to 293 than for temperature between 313 K to 333 K. Hence, the thermometer is more sensitive in the range 273 K to 293 K.

16.

a)

ii)

T = 292 K (approx.)

c) i)

VA =

600 6 = 3.6 V 600 + 400

For voltmeter to read 0 V, VB has to be at 3.6 V as well. Hence,

1200 6 1200 + RT 1200 6 3.6 = 1200 + RT

VB = RT = 800 Therefore, T = 305 K (from the graph) ii) 1) When voltmeter read 1.2 V, it suggests that the voltage at point B could be either 1.2 V higher or lower than the voltage at A. Hence, the thermistor could be at one of these 2 thermodynamic temperatures.

2)

1200 6 1200 + RT 1200 6 3.6 1.2 = 1200 + RT 1200 0.8 = OR 1200 + RT

VB = RT = 300 T = 325 K OR OR

0.4 =

1200 1200 + RT

RT = 1800 T = 289 K

Hence, the lower temperature will be 289 K. 17. I1 + I2 I2 I3 X 10 I1 Solving, I1 = = 6I3 + 2I1 14 + 10 = 4I2 + 6I3 = I3

1A

I2 = 3 A I3 = IXY = 2 A VXY = 10 - 6 (IXY) =

2V

Note: Current I1 is actually flowing in the direction opposite to the assumed direction in the diagram. Note: The potential at Y is 2 V lower than the potential at X.

Assignment Answer 1) The figure on the right shows a circuit containing a 30 V battery and 6 resistors. The potential differences across A, C and D are 22 V, 8 V and 12 V respectively. Find the potential difference across each of the components B, E and F and also the potential at the points U, W, X, Y and Z. (Ans: 8 V, 10 V, 10 V, 0 V, 12 V, 20 V, -2 V, -10 V) Sketch a graph to show how the potential varies along the line XZ. Label the graph with appropriate values.
30 V

A X C D W

B Z E

U F

Solution VYZ = 30 22 = 8 V i.e p.d. across B is 8 V VUZ = 30 8 12 = 10 V i.e. p.d. across E and F are 10 V. VU = 0 V (since it is connected to earth) VW = 0 + 12 = 12 V VX = 12 + 8 = 20 V V/V VY = 20 22 = -2 V VZ = -2 - 8 = -10 V 20 X -2 -10 Y Z Distance

2) In the figure, AB is a 10 slide wire, 50 cm long. E1 is a 2 V accumulator of negligible resistance. R1 and R2 are resistances of 15 and 5 respectively. When the keys K1 and K2 are both open, the galvanometer shows no deflection when AJ is 31.25 cm. When keys K1 and K2 are both closed, the balance length AJ is 5 cm. Calculate

i. ii. iii. iv.

The e.m.f. of cell E2 The internal resistance of the cell E2 The balance length AJ when K2 is open and K1 is close. The balance length AJ when K2 is close and K1 is open. (Ans: 0.5 V, 7.5 , 12.5 cm, 12.5 cm) K1 E1 15 R1 A J B

E2
R2 5 K2

Solution

(i) When K1 is opened, VAB =

10 (2) = 0.8 V 10 + 15

Since K2 is opened, no current flows in the lower circuit i.e. e.m.f. E2 is measured. E2 = VAJ = 31.25 (0.8) = 0.5 V 50

(ii) When K1 is closed, VAB = 2 V Since K2 is closed, current flows in the lower circuit VAJ = E2 Ir. VAJ = 5 (2) = 0.2 V 50 I (5) = 0.2 I = 0.2/5 = 0.04 A

Since IR = 0.2 V

E2 Ir = 0.2

0.5 0.04r = 0.2 r = 7.5

(iii) When K2 opened, VAJ = E2 = 0.5 V When K1 is closed, VAB = 2 V l 0.5 = 50 2 l = 12.5 cm

(iii) When K2 closed, VAJ = 0.2 V When K1 is opened, VAB = 0.8 V l 0.2 = l = 12.5 cm 50 0.8

*** End of Tutorial and Assignment Solution ***