S GD&T KON TUM

K THI HC SINH GII CP TRNG

HO HC - KHI 10
Thi gian: 180 pht (khng k thi gian giao )

Cu 1. Hy trnh by v gii thch cc hin tng xy ra trong cc th nghim sau i vi dung

dch Na2S (dung dch X).
a. Cho dung dch HCl d vo dung dch X v un nng.
b. Thm vi git dung dch CuCl2 vo dung dch X.
c. Thm vi git dung dch X vo dung dch AlCl3.
d. Thm vi git dung dch X vo dung dch hn hp KMnO4 v H2SO4.
Cu 2. a. Gii thch ti sao khi cho H2SO4 c nng tc dng vi kim loi (v d Mg) li cho
sn phm kh ch yu l SO2.
b. Sc kh Cl2 vo H2O thu c dung dch nc Clo c cha HCl v HClO. Lm th
no tch HClO ra khi dung dch .
c. Ion I- trong dung dch KI b oxi ho thnh I2 bi FeCl3, O3, H2SO4 c, Br2, IO3-(trong
mi trng axit). Vit cc phn ng xy ra.
Cu 3. X, Y l 2 phi kim. Trong nguyn t ca X v Y c s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in ln lt l 14 v 16. Hp cht XYn c cc c im sau: X chim 15,0486%
v khi lng, tng s proton l 100, tng s ntron l 106.
a. Hy xc nh s khi v tn ca X v Y.
b. Cho bit kiu lai ho ca nguyn t X trong hp cht v biu din cu to ca XYn.
Cu 4. Ho tan hon ton 2,56 gam mt kim loi M trong dung dch H2SO4 m c, nng, d
thu c V lt kh SO2 (ktc). Lng SO2 trn tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH
0,3M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 4,6 gam mui.
a. Vit phng trnh ho hc.
b. Tnh V.
c. Xc nh tn kim loi M.
Cu 5. Di tc dng ca nhit PCl5 b phn tch theo cn bng sau:
PCl5(k)
PCl3(k) + Cl2 (k)
a. Nu cho 0,55 mol PCl5(k) vo bnh kn c dung tch 12 lt v t nng n 2500C,
trng thi cn bng thu c 0,33 mol Cl2. Hy xc nh KC, KP ca phn ng.
b. 2730C, p sut 1 atm hn hp cn bng c khi lng 2,502 gam. Hy xc nh , KC
v KP ca phn ng..
Cu 6. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c trn 10 ml dung dch CH3COOH (pH = 3,5) vi 10
ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 (pH = 11,5). Bit CH3COOH c Ka = 10-4,76.
------------------- Ht -----------------Hc sinh c s dng bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc v my tnh b ti theo quy
nh ca B GD&T.

S GD&T KON TUM

K THI HC SINH GII CP TRNG

P N MN HO HC - KHI 10
Cu 1.
a. Cho HCl vo dd X c mi trng thi thot ra.
b. Thm vi git CuCl2 vo thy xut hin kt ta en.
c. Thm X vo dd AlCl3 thy xut hin kt ta keo trng v kh c mi trng thi thot ra.

2AlCl3 + 3Na2S + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S + 6NaCl

d. Thm X vo dd hn hp KMnO4 v H2SO4 thy mu tm nht dn.
5Na2S + 8KMnO4 + 12 H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 8MnSO4 4K2SO4 + 12H2O
Cu 2.
a. Khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dd H2SO4 c nng c th sinh ra cc sn phm kh: H2S, S,
SO2. Nhng do H2SO4 c nng c tnh oxy ho mnh nn s oxy ho S, H2S thnh SO2.
Mg + H2SO4 nng MgSO4 + H2S + H2O
Mg + H2SO4 nng MgSO4 + S + H2O
Mg + H2SO4 nng MgSO4 + SO2 + H2O
S + H2SO4 nng SO2 + H2O
H2S + H2SO4 nng SO2 + H2O
b. Cho CaCO3 vo dung dch cha hn hp HCl v HClO th chr c HCl phn ng.
CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O.
DD cn li cha: HClO, Ca2+, Cl-.
Chng ct hn hp trn, HClO b phn hu theo s :
HClO Cl2O + H2O
Ho tan Cl2O trong nc thu c HClO.
Cl2O + H2O HClO
c. 2KI + 2FeCl3 2KCl + 2FeCl2 + I2
2KI + O3 + H2O 2KOH + I2 + O2
2KI + 2H2SO4 c K2SO4 + SO2 + I2 + H2O
2KI + Br2 2KBr + I2
10KI + 4IO3- + 24H+ 12K+ + 12H2O + 7I2
Cu 3.
a. Trong hp cht XYn c: PX + nPY = 100 (1)
NX + nNY = 106 (2)
(1) v (2) PX + NX + n(PY + NY) = 206.
Hay: AX + nAY = 206 (3)
Mt khc

AX
15,0486
=
(4)
A X + nA Y
100

T (3) v (4) ta c: AX = 31 (5)

Trong nguyn t X c: 2Px NX = 14 (6)
T (5) v (6) ta c: PX = 15; NX = 16.
Vy X l nguyn t Pht pho.
Thay PX v NX vo (1) v (2) ta c: n(PY + NY) = 5 (7)
Trong nguyn t Y c: 2PY NY = 16 Suy ra: NY = 2PY 16 (8)
T (7) v (8) suy ra: PY =

5 + 6n
n

PY

21

18,5

Kt lun
loi
loi
Suy ra: PY = 17, AY = 35.

3
17,6
7
loi

4
17,2
5
loi

5
17
chn

Vy Y l nguyn t Clo
b. Cng thc phn t ca XYn l PCl5.
P trng thi lai ho sp3d.
Dng hnh hc: lng thp tam gic.
Cu 4.
a. PTHH 2M + 2nH2SO4 R2(SO4)n + nSO2 + nH2O (1)
SO2 + NaOH NaHSO3
(2)
SO2 + 2NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O
(3)
b. S mol NaOH ban u: 0,2x0,3 = 0,06 mol
* Trng hp 1. Phn ng gia SO2 v NaOH ch thu c mui axit.
(2) Suy ra: S mol NaHSO3 = 0,06 mol.
Suy ra: Khi lng mui thu c l: 104x0,06 = 5,04 gam > 4,6 gam (loi)
* Trng hp 2. Phn ng gia SO2 v NaOH ch thu c mui trung ho.
(3) Suy ra:S mol Na2SO3 = 0,03 mol.
Suy ra: Khi lng mui thu c l: 126x0,03 = 3,78 gam < 4,6 gam (loi)
* Trng hp 3. Phn ng gia SO2 v NaOH to ra mui axit v mui trung ho.
Gi a, b ln lt l s mol ca NaHSO3 v Na2SO3 thu c.
T (2) v (3) ta c: a + 2b = 0,06 (4)
Khi lng mui: 104a + 126b = 4,6 (5)
Gii h pt (4) v (5) ta c: a = b = 0,02 mol.
Vy s mol SO2 thu c l: 0,02 mol
Suy ra:V = 0,896 lt
T (1) ta c s mol ca M l: 0,08/n mol
Suy ra:MR = 32n
Bin lun v chn gi tr n = 2 Suy ra: MR = 64 (Cu).

Cu 5.

PCl5(k) PCl3(k) + Cl2 (k)

0,55
0,33
0,33
0,33
0,22
0,33
0,33
Suy ra: KC = 0,413
KP = KC(RT)n = 0,413.0,082.523 = 1,77
b. Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca PCl5 v PCl3, Cl2 trong 1 lt hn hp lc cn bng.
Suy ra: Tng s mol lc cn bng: (x + 2y)
pdng cng thc: n = PV/RT Suy ra: (x + 2y) = 0,02231 (1)
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng:
Khi lng PCl5 trc p = khi lng hn hp sau p
Hay: (x + y)208,5 = 2,502
Suy ra: x + y = 0,012
(2)
Gii h pt (1) v (2) ta c: x = 0,0017 (mol)
Y = 0,0103 (mol)
Vy KC = 0,0624
KP = 0,0624.0,082.546 = 2,8.
Cu 6.
* DD CH3COOH c pH = 3,5 nn [H+] = 10-3,5.
CH 3COOH CH 3COO- + H + ; K a
B
C
Cn bng
C 10-3,5
10-3,5
10-3,5
Thay vo biu thc tnh Ka ta c: C = 6,07.10-3(M)
* DD Ba(OH)2 c pH = 11,5 nn [H+] = 10-11,5 suy ra [OH-] = 10-2,5
* DD sau khi trn c:
6,07.103.10
CCH 3 COOH =
= 3,035.10 3 ( M)
20
a.
B
Pli
Cb

3,16.103.10
= 1,58.10 3 (M )
20
CH3COOH
+
OH- CH3COO- +
-3
3,05.10
1,58.10-3
1,58.10-3
1,58.10-3
1,58.10-3
1,455.10-3
1,58.10-3
1,58.10-3

COH =
Ptp:
Ban u:
P

Sau p
Sau :

CH3COOH
H+
-3
Ban u:
1,455.10
1,58.10-3
Phn li
x
x
-3
-3
Cn bng 1,455.10 -x
1,58.10 + x
3
x (1,58.10 + x )
= 10 4,76
Ta c: Ka =
3
1,455.10 x
Gii ra: x = 1,565.10-5
Vy: pH = 4,8.

CH3COOx
1,58.10-3 + x

H2O

Ka