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ArcSWAT 2005
( ArcGIS version 9.1)
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CHNG 2:
2.2. HNG DN CI T 2.2.1. ArcGIS 9.1 Ci license Gm 4 files trong folder crack
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Next
Finish (khng khi ng li my) Copy 4 file trong folder crack vo folder ci t chng trnh, thng thng c link C:\Program Files\ESRI\License\arcgis9x Chnh sa ng k Yes OK
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M file License Manager Tools Manager (9.x). C 7 Tab Tab Service/ License File
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Click
Sau khi click vo nt Perform Diagnostics, nu thy xut hin dng ch This license can be checked out th vic ng k c hon tt v chuyn sang bc tip theo. Ci ArcGIS Tin hnh ci t theo th t , ,
Lu : Trong qu trnh ci t nn la chn ci y c th s dng chc nng ArcToolbox Ci ArcSWAT Sau khi ci thnh cng DeveloperKit v Microsoft.Net Framework 1.1,
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m ArcSWAT_Install_1.0.7Release click
La chn v tr thch hp cho chng trnh, tt nht l a cng chnh ca my. Click vo Disk Cost chc chn rng b nh trng cho vic ci t. Ch ra chng trnh c th c s dng bi mi ngi hay ch i vi ngi ci t (quan tm khi c nhiu ngi s dng chung trn 1 my).
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CHNG 3:
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Bc 2: Chn cc cng c c php hin th trn giao din ca ArcMap project T menu View Toolbars, danh mc cc cng c xut hin, nh du trc cc cng c mun hin th. Giao din chnh ca ArcSWAT s c m.
Hnh 3.2 : Giao din ArcSWAT khi khi ng Bc 3: To mt SWAT project v thit lp th mc lm vic (working Directory), c s d liu a l (Geodatabases)
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SWAT Project Setup New SWAT Project, hp thoi Project Setup xut hin (hnh 3.3). Project Directory dng ch n v tr lu project. Tn ca SWAT Project Geodatabase v Raster Storage t ng c mc nh theo Project Directory. Click OK sau khi thit lp xong thng tin, mt SWAT project bao gm: 2 folder, 2 c s d liu v mt file <Project Directory>.mxd
Hnh 3.4:Cu trc ca th mc lu tr ca mt SWAT project 3.3. NH NGHA LU VC (Watershed Delineation) Sau khi to mt SWAT project mi, cn nh ngha lu vc lm vic c thc hin nh sau. Trong mc nh ngha lu vc c chia thnh 5 phn: thit lp bn m hnh s cao DEM (Digital Elevation Model), nh ngha sng (Stream Definition), nh ngha ca nc vo/ ra ca tiu lu vc (Outlet and Inlet Definition), la chn ca nc ra ca lu vc (Watershed Outlets Selection and Definition), tnh ton cc thng s ca tiu lu vc (Calculation of Subbasin Parameters)
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Hnh 3.5: Hp thoi nh ngha lu vc Bc 1: Thit lp Bn m hnh s cao DEM (Digital Evelation Model) dng raster 1. Click vo biu tng cung cp 2 s la chn: a bn DEM vo m hnh. Hp thoi xut hin,
Hnh 3.6: Hp thoi cch thc a DEM vo ArcMap - Load from Disk: Bn DEM c lu trn a cng ca my tnh, cn ch ra ng dn ti v tr lu file. - Select from Map: Bn DEM l cc lp (layer) trn ArcMap Project, cn ch ra lp cha DEM. Bi hng dn la chn cch th nht Load from Disk. D liu s c lu li theo ng dn <Project Directory>\RasterStore.mdb\SourceDem v bn DEM s c a vo trong ArcMap. 2. Sau khi thc hin xong s trng thi kch hot. S dng nt ny, ngi s
dng c th kim tra thng tin ca DEM trong project c tht s chnh xc cha v c
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Hnh 3.7: Hp thoi c tnh ca DEM Bc 2: Xc nh lu vc s nghin cu 1. Click bn cnh mask, hp thoi Mask xut hin, c 3 s la chn:
Hnh 3.8: Hp thoi Mask - Load from Disk v Select from Map tng t nh mc 1 bc 1 - Manually Delineate: cho php ngi dng v a gic ty Bi hng dn s dng Load from Disk. D liu s c lu li theo ng dn <Project Directory>\RasterStore.mdb\Mask v s c a vo trong ArcMap. 2. Nu la chn Manually Delineate, b cng c s xut hin cho php ngi dng v a gic Mask. Mt thanh cng c gm 3 nt: Draw, Edit, Delete
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Mask Area
Hnh 3.10: Bn DEM v Mask sau khi a vo ArcMap Bc 3: nh ngha sng (Stream Definition) 1. Phng hng dng chy v kh nng tr nc (Flow Direction and Accumulation) s c tnh ton sau khi click . nh ngha sng bao gm c mng li sng v
ca nc ra ca tiu lu vc. Din tch nh nht, ln nht v gi tr ngh c th hin trong hp thoi. Ngi s dng c th ty chn gi tr cho ph hp.
Hnh 3.11: Ty chn din tch ca tiu lu vc 2. Click vo , khi chng trnh s t ng to mt h thng bao gm mng li cc sng v ca nc ra ca tiu lu vc.
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Hnh 3.13: Ty chn nh ngha cc ca nc ra/ vo Tng ng vi mi i tng, ngi dng c th them im (add), xa im (delete) , di im (redefine). bc trc , chng trnh c cung cp sn mt s im trn ArcMap nhng khuyn co khng nn s dng chng m phi tin hnh to cc im mi. Bc 4: La chn ca nc ra ca lu vc 1. bc ny ch cn click v chn mt im c xem l ca nc ra ca lu . Cn xc nhn s
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Hnh 3.14: Giao din ca mc la chn ca nc ra ca lu vc 2. Click trng thi kch hot tnh ton cc thng s ca tiu lu vc.
3. M bng thuc tnh xem thng tin v cc tiu lu vc. 4. C th thm/xa im ch v tr ca h trong lu vc Bc 5: M file bo co
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3.4. NH NGHA S DNG T, T V DC (Landuse, Soil and Slope Definition) Ty chn Landuse, Soil and Slope Definition tt c trong trnh n HRUs Analysis cho php ngi s dng ch nh cc lp bn s dng t, bn t v lp dc. Nhng lp ny sau c s dng xc nh s phn b cc n v thy vn HRUs (Hydrologic Response Unit) trong mi tiu lu vc. Mt tiu lu vc c th c chia nh thnh nhng n v thy vn, cc cell trong mi n v thy vn s tng ng v thuc tnh s dng t, t, qun l. Nhng n v thy vn c kt hp vo SWAT nh mt phn ca HUMUS (Hydrologic Unit Model for the United States). Nhng m hnh HUMUS trc y ch kt hp mt trong ba thuc tnh s dng t/t/qun l. HUMUS s dng bin thy vn 2 -digit chia thnh cc bang ca nc M k nhau trong khi bin thy vn 8-digit c dng xc nh tiu lu vc. Ch c % loi t v s dng t l bit cn v tr a l ca mi loi th cha c bit. n v thy vn cho php SWAT th hin tnh a dng ca khu vc nm trong bin gii tiu lu vc. Mt n v thy vn khng ng ngha vi mt trng, n l mt khu vc vi nhng c im tng ng v s dng t, t v dc. Trong khi , mt trng cha nhng c im ri rc. n v thy vn cho php lm n gin ha m hnh. Cn chp nhn rng khng c s tc ng ln nhau gia cc n v thy vn trong tiu lu vc. Cc qu trnh ra tri, bi lng, di chuyn dinh dng s c tnh ton c lp trn mi n v thy vn, trn c s s cng li trn ton b tiu lu vc. Li ch khi s dng n v thy vn l: lm tng chnh xc ca d bo cc qu trnh. Thng thng mi tiu lu vc c 1 10 n v thy vn. Trong , sng chnh s chy qua tt c cc tiu lu vc, ko vt cht t trong tiu lu vc ra h thng sng ngi. Dng ra ca khu vc thng lu s l dng vo ca khu vc h lu. Sng nhnh c s dng cho thy s khc nhau v d liu u vo ca nhng dng chy gy ra ra tri b mt. Nhng d liu tnh ton thi gian hnh thnh dng chy gy ra tri v s lan truyn nhin t qu trnh r tri . Ngun nhim im thng thng l cc trm x l nc thi, ca x ca cc nh my, khu dn c nc thi vo sng.
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Ty chn nh ngha s dng t v t cho php s dng c hai nh dng l shapefile hoc grid (raster). Nu lp d liu dng shapefile th s t ng c chuyn qua nh dng raster cung cp cho ArcGIS tnh ton s phn b cc loi hnh s dng t v cc loi t trong phm vi mi tiu lu vc nghin cu. M chc nng Landuse, Soil and Slope Definition trong Tab HRUs Analysis. Hp thoi s xut hin.
Hnh 3.16: Hp thoi Landuse/Soil/Slope Definition Bc 1: nh ngha lp s dng t 1. Chn lp cn dng bng cch click dataset(s) from disk chn t a cng. , hp thoi xut hin cung cp 2 hnh thc
la chn: Select Landuse layer(s) from Map chn t bn hoc Load Landuse
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Bi hng dn s dng cch Load Landuse dataset(s) from disk Open ch n v tr ca file landuse trong th mc lm vic Select s xut hin thng bo thc hin thnh cng.
Hnh 3.18: Bng thng bo a bn vo chng trnh thnh cng 2. Sau khi chng lp bn s dng t, cn chn trng c cha m phn bit gia cc loi hnh s dng t. Trong bi ny s dng trng gi tr (Value) OK LookUp Table trng thi kch hot dng a bng thuc tnh ( dng .dbf hoc .txt) ca bn vo chng trnh OK
Hnh 3.19: Hp thoi LandCover Lookup Table Sau s xut bng phn loi theo m dng trong SWAT (LanduseSWAT) ca cc loi hnh s dng t c trong bn .
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Hnh 3.20: Nhp m s dng t t bng chun b Nu cha chun b sn bng m, ngi dng c th thc hin bng cch click i vo trng tng ng ct LandUseSwat ri chn m ph hp t danh mc cc m s dng tro ng SWAT m chng trnh cung cp sn.
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Hnh 3.22: Kt qu sau khi thc hin bc 1 Bc 2: nh ngha lp t V trnh t v cch thc thc hin bc 2 gn ging vi bc 1. Tuy nhin, ngi dng cn chn cc trng m t mi loi t thng qua mc Options.
Click vo
kt thc bc 2.
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Hnh 3.23: Kt qu sau khi thc hin bc 2 Bc 3: nh ngha lp dc dc l mt yu t quan trng xc nh lng nc, s di chuyn bi lng/ ra tri v dinh dng. Trong phin bn mi ny, mt chc nng mi l dc c tch hp nh ngha HRUs. Trnh t thc hin c trnh by c th nh sau. Click vo Tab Slope , sau giao din nh ngha dc s xut hin, c hai s la chn: Single Slope ng nht dc trong ton b lu vc nghin cu, Multiple Slope dc c chia thnh nhiu mc . Nu la chn Multiple Slope, ngi s dng cn nh ngha s lp dc Number of Slope Classes v gi tr gii hn trn, gii hn di ca mi lp tng ng. Click Reclassify kt thc bc ny
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Click
Hnh 3.24: Giao din ca Tab nh ngha dc Bc 4: Chng ba lp d liu s dng t, t v dc Sau khi hon tt cc bc trn, nt OVERLAY nh du vo trng s trng thi kch hot.
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Hnh 3.26: Bo co s phn b s dng t, t v dc 3.5. NH NGHA N V THY VN (HRUs Hydrologic Response Units) Trn c s cc lp bn s dng t, t v dc ch r bc trc , ngi s dng cn xc nh s phn b n v thy vn trong lu vc nghin cu. Lu vc nghin cu c chia thnh nhng khu vc ng nht cc thnh phn s dng t, t v dc phn nh lng bc hi nc khc nhau gia nhng loi cy trng v nhng loi t. Click HRU Definition trong Tab HRU Analysis, hp thoi HRU Definition xut hin, ngi dng c ba s la xc nh s phn b HRU: Dominant Landuse, Soil, Slope" mt HRU cho mi tiu lu vc, Dominant HRU mt HRU cho ton b lu vc hoc Multiple HRUs nhiu HRU cho mi tiu lu vc.
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Nu chn nhiu HRU cho mi tiu lu vc, ngi s dng c th quy nh cc gi tr gii hn i vi s dng t, t v dc xc nh s lng v loi HRU trong mi tiu lu vc.
Hnh 3.27: Giao din hp thoi nh ngha HRU 1. Chn Multiple HRUs, iu chnh gii hn % din tch i vi mi loi hnh s dng t/ t/ dc trn din tch mi tiu lu vc xc nh chi tit ca lu vc khi hin th. Bi hng dn chn: Landuse (10%), Soil (10%), Slope (10%) Thanh trt landuse c php iu khin nhng loi hnh s dng t b loi b v chuyn thnh loi hnh c din tch ln hn gi tr nh. V d: mt tiu lu vc c cc loi hnh s dng t nh sau: - 35% t trng bp - 30% ng c - 21% rng - 9% t trng cy n qu - 5% t th c Gii hn la chn i vi s dng t l 10%, iu ny c ngha l HRU ch c to nn t ba loi hnh: t trng bp, ng c, rng. % din tch s c tnh ton li
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- t trng bp: (35% 86%) 100% 41% - ng c: (30% 86%) 100% 35% - rng: (21% 86%) 100% 24% Trong 86% l % tng din tch ca t trng bp, ng c, rng trn din tch tiu lu vc. Tng t nh trn ngi s dng tip tc iu khin thanh trt soil loi b nhng loi t c % din tch nh hn gi tr chn. V d: trn c s tnh ton trn, ta c % din tch cc loi t trn din tch ng c: - 35% Houston Black - 30% Branyon - 20% Heiden - 9% Austin - 4% Stephen - 2% Denton Gii hn la chn i vi t l 10%, iu ny c ngha l HRU s c to ra nh sau: Pasture/ Houston Black Pasture/ Branyon Pasture/ Heiden Tng t vi dc. V d: - 55% dc 0 0.6% - 40% dc 0.6 1.5% - 5% dc 1.5 99.99% Gii hn la chn i vi dc l 10%, iu ny c ngha l kt qu cui cng s l: Pasture/ Houston Black/ 0 0.6% Pasture/ Branyon/ 0.6 1.5% 2. Ngi s dng c th click thc hin phn chia thnh cc HRU hoc
cng c th chuyn sang Tab Landuse Refinement (Option) xc lp mc chi tit. C hai hnh thc: phn chia din tch mt loi hnh s dng t thnh nhng loi hnh
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khc, hoc lit k nhng loi hnh s dng t khng p dng nhng qui nh bc trc .
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3.6. WRITE INPUT TABLE FOR SWAT Chc nng ny xy dng file c s d liu bao gm nhng thng tin cn cho vic thit lp d liu thng tin u vo cho chng trnh SWAT. Bc 1: nh ngha d liu thi tit Chn Weather Stations xut hin Tab Weather Generator Data hp thoi nh ngha d liu thi tit
Hnh 3.30: Hp thoi nh ngha d liu thi tit Chn US Database i vi d liu ca bn chy th (d liu trm o ca M), chn Custom Database v ch n vi tr lu file. Thc hin tng t vi cc Tab cn li v kt thc bng nt OK. Bc 2: Write all Chn Write all
hp thoi Current Status of Input Data xut hin l danh mc cc file d liu u vo ca chng trnh.
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click
3.7. CHNH SA D LIU U VO Bc 1: Chnh sa c s d liu trong SWAT Danh mc cc d liu c th chnh sa gm: user soil t, landcover/Plant growth loi hnh canh tc , fertilizer phn bn, pesticide thuc tr su, tillage phng php canh tc, urban dn c. Tt c trong hp thoi Edit SWAT Database.
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Hnh 3.32: Hp thoi Edit SWAT Databases 1. Chn User Soils OK, hp thoi User Soils Edit xut hin cho php ngi s dng chnh sa d liu v t.
Hnh 3.33: Hp thoi User Soils Edit Thanh cun bn tri l danh sch cc loi t trong c s d liu, bn tri l thng tin lin quan n loi t chn s cha. C hai nhm thng tin: Soil Component Parameters cc thng s thnh phn t (s dng chung cho mi loi t) v Soil Layer Parameters cc thng s ca tng lp t tng ng vi tng su khc nhau. C cc chc nng ngi dng la chn nh: Add New thm mt loi t mi, Cancel Edits thot khi ch chnh sa, Save Edits lu li nhng thng tin va sa, Delete Xa thng tin ca mt loi t, Exit tt hp thoi v thot khi ch chnh sa d liu t.
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Bng 3.1: Thng s u vo ca t s dng trong SWAT Thng s TITLE/TEXT M t Dng u tin ca file .sol l nhng ghi ch ca ngi dng. ng rng ca chui k t cho php ti a l 80 spaces. Tn t Nhm thy vn t (Soil hydrologic group): A, B, C, D. su cc i ca lp t trong phm vi kho st (mm). Hu ht cc cht khong trong t u mang in tch m pH trung tnh v c s tng tc gia lp in tch ngoi cng vi cc anion cng du, l lc y b mt ca cc ht khong. Nu khng c s liu th mc nh gi tr ANION_EXCL l 0.5 (Neitsch et al., 2002a). T l th tch ln nht khi b nn/ tng th tch ban u Kt cu t dy ca tng lp t (mm) Dung trng ca lp t (g/cm3) Phm vi nc hu hiu ca t (mm H2O/mm soil) Tc dn nc bo ha (mm/hr) Hm lng Carbon hu c (%) % thnh phn st (% theo khi lng) % thnh phn tht (% theo khi lng) % thnh phn ct (% theo khi lng) % thnh phn (% theo khi lng) Sut phn chiu (khng c s liu) H s xi mn t dn in (dS/m)
SOL_CRK TEXTURE SOL_Z(layer #) SOL_BD(layer #) SOL_AWC(layer #) SOL_Ksat (layer #) SOL_CBN(layer #) CLAY(layer #) SILT(layer #) SAND(layer #) ROCK(layer #) SOL_ALB(layer #) USLE_K(layer #) SOL_EC(layer #)
2. Chn Landcover/ Plant Growth OK, hp thoi Landcover/Plant Growth Data Edit xut hin cho php ngi s dng chnh sa d liu v loi hnh canh tc . Thanh cun bn tri l danh sch cc loi hnh canh tc trong c s d liu, bn tri l thng tin lin quan n loi hnh canh tc chn s cha. C hai nhm thng tin: Crop Type Parameters thng s loi hnh canh tc, Hydrological Parameters thng s ch thy li.
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Hnh 3.34: Hp thoi Landcover/Plant Growth Data Edit 3. Chnh s d liu cn li nh: phn bn, thuc tr su, phng php canh tc, dn c thc hin tng t. Bc 2: Chnh sa thng tin v im x nc thi
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Hnh 3.35: Qui trnh chnh sa thng tin v im nc vo Bc 4: Chnh sa thng tin v h cha
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Hnh 3.36: Hp thoi Edit Subbasin Inputs Bn tri l SWAT Input Table cha danh mc nhng yu t cn chnh sa. Bn phi l la chn tiu lu vc/HRU.
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Hnh 3.39: Hp thoi Edit Watershed Water Quality Parameter Bc 7: Rewrite SWAT Input File y l bc cui cng kt thc qu trnh chnh sa d liu. Mc ch ca bc ny nhm xc nhn nhng thng tin cn thay i trc khi chuyn sang bc tip theo. Nu khng c bt c s thay i thng tin trong nhng bc trc th cng nn la chn tt c xc nhn.
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Hnh 3.40: Qu trnh xc nhn li s thay i d liu SWAT 3.8. THIT LP M PHNG SWAT Click SWAT Simulation Run SWAT , hp thoi xut hin
Hnh 3.40: Hp thoi Setup and Run SWAT Model Simulation Hp thoi c chia thnh nm phn: Period of Simulation la chn thi gian tin hnh m phng, Rainfall Sub-Daily Timestep nu chn d liu ma ly s liu theo tng khong thi gian trong ngy, Forecast Period d bo thi tit, Rainfall Distribution s phn b ma, Printout Settings thit lp cho vic in n. 1. La chn thi gian tin hnh m phng Starting Date: ngy bt u, End Date: ngy kt thc Trong mt vi trng hp nhp thng tin v ngy bt u v kt thc trc tip vo trng th chng trnh u bo li c php, thng bo s xut hin. Nu b li, ngi dng nn click vo la chn ngy.
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Hnh 3.41: Hp thoi Calendar nh du nu ngi s dng mun la chn chc nng d bo thi tit lp y chui d liu thiu trong khong thi gian m ph ng bng SWAT s lng d liu cn tnh ton. Sau khi chy m hnh, chng trnh c ba s la chn th hin s liu u ra theo: ngy, thng v nm. . Khi
, khu vc Forcast Period s trng thi kch hot cho php xc nh ngy bt u v
click
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Hnh 3.43: Giao din mc lu tr kt qu sau khi chy thnh cng m hnh SWAT
Hnh 3.44: Kt qu ca kch bn sau khi chy thnh cng m hnh SWAT
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