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B Gio Dc & o To
i Hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa
Khoa K Thut Ho Hc
B Mn : Qu Trnh & Thit B
n Mn Hc
QU TRNH & THIT B
H & Tn SV: CAO MINH TR
MSSV: 60602625
Lp
: HC06CHC
Ngnh
: Cng Ngh Ho Hu C
1. u n : Thit k thit b c c dung dch NaNO3 chn khng ba ni lin tc
ngc chiu.
2. Nhim v (ni dung yu cu v s liu ban u) :
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tng quan.
Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh.
Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v nng lng.
Tnh ton v thit k thit b chnh.
Tnh ton thit b ph.
Tnh ton s b gi thnh chi tit v thit b.
Kt lun.
4. Cc bn v :
Bn v chi tit thit b chnh
Bn v s qui trnh cng ngh
5. Ngy hon thnh n
: 18/01/ 2010
6. Ngy bo v v chm n
: 25/01/2010
Trang 1
: 1 bn A1
: 1 bn A1
CH NHIM B MN
NHN XT N
1. Cn b hng dn. Nhn xt: .........................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
im : __________
Ch k : __________
im : __________
Ch k : __________
im tng kt : __________
Trang 2
LI NI U
n Qu trnh & Thit b l c hi tt cho sinh vin khoa K Thut Ho Hc nm vng
kin thc hc; tip cn vi thc t thng qua vic tnh ton, la chn quy trnh & cc thit b
vi s liu c th. y l c s sinh vin d dng nm bt cng ngh v gii quyt nhng vn
k thut tng hp mt cch nhanh chng, phc v cho cng vic sau ny.
Cng nghip ngy cng pht trin, nhu cu v ha cht ngy cng tng. Do ngnh
cng nghip ha cht c bn cng pht trin khng ngng, nhu cu v sn phm ngy cng
phong ph. Trn c s , quy trnh sn xut lun c ci tin v i mi ngy cng hon
thin hn. Vn t ra l vic s dng hiu qu nng lng cho qu trnh sn xut nhng vn
m bo nng sut.
sn xut NaNO3 dng rn hay dng dung dch c nng cao cn tiu hao nhiu nng
lng cho qu trnh c c (bc hi nc, tng nng dung dch). Vic tit kim nng lng
cho qu trnh ny c quan tm hng u. Vi mc tiu , n ny thc hin thit k h
thng c c dung dch NaNO3 ba ni ngc chiu.
Em xin chn thnh cm n thy Trn Vn Ng ch dn tn tnh trong qu trnh em
thc hin n. ng thi em cng xin gi li cm n n cc thy c khc trong b mn cng
nh cc bn gip , cho em nhng kin t vn b ch trong qu trnh hon thnh n ny.
Tuy nhin do kin thc cn hn hp nn trong n cn kh nhiu thiu st, em rt mong nhn
c nhiu kin ng gp ch dn ca qu thy c v cc bn.
Trang 3
MC LC
u n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
Li ni u ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Mc lc -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Chng I: Tng quan--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
I.1. Nhim v ca n ......................................................................................................... 6
I.2. Tnh cht nguyn liu ....................................................................................................... 6
I.2.1. Tnh cht vt l ca NaNO3 ................................................................................... 6
I.2.2. iu ch v ng dng ca NaNO3......................................................................... 6
I.3. Qu trnh c c ............................................................................................................... 6
I.3.1. nh ngha ............................................................................................................. 6
I.3.2. Cc phng php c c........................................................................................ 6
I.3.3. Bn cht ca s c c do nhit ............................................................................ 6
I.3.4. ng dng ca c c ............................................................................................. 7
I.4. Thit b c c .................................................................................................................. 7
I.4.1 Phn loi v ng dng ............................................................................................ 7
I.4.2 Cc thit b v chi tit trong h thng c c ......................................................... 7
Chng II: Qui trnh cng ngh-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
II.1. C s la chn qui trnh cng ngh ................................................................................ 8
II.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh ................................................................................... 9
Chng III: Cn bng vt cht v cn bng nng lng ------------------------------------------- 11
III.1 D kin ban u............................................................................................................ 11
III.2 Cn bng vt cht ......................................................................................................... 11
III.2.1. Lng dung mi nguyn cht bc hi khi nng thay i ............................ 11
III.2.2. Nng cui ca dung dch trong tng ni ..................................................... 11
III.2.3. Xc nh nhit v p sut mi ni ................................................................ 12
III.2.4. Xc nh tn tht nhit ................................................................................. 13
III.2.5. Tn tht nhit do nng ................................................................................. 13
III.2.6. Tng tht nhit do p sut thu tnh.................................................................. 14
III.2.7. Tn tht nhit do ng ng gy ra .................................................................. 15
III.2.8. Tn tht nhit c h thng ............................................................................ 15
III.2.9. Chnh lch nhit hu ch ca tng ni v ca c h thng .......................... 15
III.3. Cn bng nng lng................................................................................................... 16
III.3.1. Nhit dung ring ............................................................................................... 16
III.3.2. Lp phng trnh cn bng nhit lng ............................................................ 16
Chng IV: Kch thc thit b chnh ------------------------------------------------------------------ 19
IV.1. B mt truyn nhit ca bung t ............................................................................. 19
IV.1.1. Tnh nhit lng do hi t cung cp ............................................................... 19
IV.1.2. Tnh h s truyn nhit K ca mi ni ............................................................. 19
IV.1.3. Din tch b mt truyn nhit ca mi ni ........................................................ 23
IV.2. Tnh kch thc bung t v bung bc ................................................................... 23
IV.2.1. Bung t.......................................................................................................... 23
IV.2.2. Bung bc ......................................................................................................... 25
Chng V: Tnh bn c kh cho thit b ---------------------------------------------------------------- 28
Trang 4
Trang 5
TNG QUAN
I.1 Nhim v ca n:
Thit k h thng c c dung dch NaNO3 ba ni ngc chiu vi yu cu cng ngh
nh sau:
Nng sut theo sn phm: 2 tn/h.
Nng u: 15% khi lng.
Nng cui: 45% khi lng.
p sut thit b ngng t: 0,35 at.
I.3 Qu trnh c c:
I.3.1 nh ngha:
C c l phng php dng nng cao nng cc cht ho tan trong dung dch hai hay nhiu
cu t. Qu trnh c c ca dung dch lng rn hay lng lng c chnh lch nhit si rt cao
thng c tin hnh bng cch tch mt phn dung mi (cu t d bay hi hn). l cc qu
trnh vt l - ha l.
I.3.2 Cc phng php c c:
Phng php nhit: dung mi chuyn t trng thi lng sang trng thi hi di tc dng
ca nhit khi p sut ring phn ca n bng p sut tc dng ln mt thong cht lng.
Phng php lnh: khi h thp nhit n mt mc no th mt cu t s tch ra dng
tinh th n cht tinh khit, thng l kt tinh dung mi tng nng cht tan. Ty tnh cht
cu t v p sut bn ngoi tc dng ln mt thong m qu trnh kt tinh xy ra nhit
cao hay thp v i khi phi dng n thit b lm lnh.
I.3.3 Bn cht ca s c c do nhit:
Trang 6
I.4 Thit b c c:
I.4.1 Phn loi v ng dng:
a. Theo cu to v tnh cht ca i tng c c:
Nhm 1: dung dch i lu t nhin (tun hon t nhin) dng c c dung dch kh
long, nht thp, m bo s tun hon d dng qua b mt truyn nhit.
Nhm 2: dung dch i lu cng bc, dng bm to vn tc dung dch t 1,5 - 3,5 m/s
ti b mt truyn nhit. C u im: tng cng h s truyn nhit, dng cho dung dch c st,
nht cao, gim bm cn, kt tinh trn b mt truyn nhit.
Nhm 3: dung dch chy thnh mng mng, chy mt ln trnh tip xc nhit lu lm bin
cht sn phm. Thch hp cho cc dung dch thc phm nh nc tri cy, hoa qu p
b. Theo phng php thc hin qu trnh:
C c p sut thng (thit b h): c nhit si, p sut khng i. Thng dng c
c dung dch lin tc gi mc dung dch c nh, t nng sut cc i v thi gian c c l
ngn nht. Tuy nhin, nng dung dch t c l khng cao.
C c p sut chn khng: Dung dch c nhit si thp hn do c p sut chn khng.
Dung dch tun hon tt, t to cn, s bay hi nc lin tc.
C c nhiu ni: Mc ch chnh l tit kim hi t. S ni khng nn ln qu v s lm
gim hiu qu tit kim hi so vi chi ph b ra. C th c c chn khng, c c p lc hay
phi hp c hai phng php. c bit c th s dng hi th cho mc ch khc nng cao
hiu qu kinh t.
C c lin tc: Cho kt qu tt hn c c gin on, c th t ng ha.
Ty iu kin k thut, tnh cht dung dch la chn thit b c c ph hp.
I.4.2 Cc thit b v chi tit trong h thng c c:
Thit b chnh:
ng tun hon, ng truyn nhit.
Bung t, bung bc, y np
Thit b ph:
B cha sn phm, nguyn liu.
Cc loi bm: bm dung dch, bm nc, bm chn khng.
Thit b gia nhit.
Thit b ngng t Baromet.
Thit b o v iu chnh.
Trang 7
CHNG II
Trang 8
10
11
P
Png = 0.35 at
Tng = 72.5C
Nu?c
1
P
P2=1 at
T2=99C
P1=2.3 at
T1=123C
P
P3= 0.36at
T3=73.5C
Hoi d?t
Hoi d?t
12
PD= 5 at
TD= 151.1C
Gd= 6000kg/h
x = 15%
8
9
Xc2=25.40%
Xc1=45%
Xc3=18.63%
7
5
3
V? n?i hoi
CH THCH
4
p k?
Van kha
Nhi?t k?
Van 1 chi?u
Luu lu?ng k?
B?y hoi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
THI? T B? C ? C
B? CH? A NGUYN LI? U
BOM NH? P LI? U
B? CH? A S? N PH? M
BOM S? N PH? M
BOM NH? P LI? U N? I I,II
7. B? Y HOI
8. B? CH? A NU? C NGUNG
9. BOM CHN KHNG
10. BNH TCH L? NG
11. TB NGUNG T? BAROMET
12. TB GIA NHI? T BAN ? U
? N QU TRNH V THI? T B?
THI? T K? H? TH? NG C ? C 3 N? I NGU? C CHI? U
DUNG D?CH NaNO 3V? I N ANG SU? T S? N PH? M 2T/H
CNBM
CAO MINH TR
TR? N VAN NGU
VUBAMINH
CH
C NA
NG
HOTE
N
SVTH
GVHD
TLE:
KYTE
N
BA
N VE
SO:
NGA
Y HT :
NGA
Y BV :
Trang 9
Trang 10
CHNG III
5.24/281 [1]
45
-1) = 4000 , kg/h;
15
Gd xd
Gd
6000 15
6000 4000
Trang 11
% khi lng
= 45,00
x2
G d xd
Gd (W2 +W3)
6000 .15
6000 (1286 ,55 1169 ,59 )
% khi lng
= 25,40
x3
% khi lng
Gd xd
G d W3
% khi lng
6000 .15
6000 1169 ,59
% khi lng
= 18,63
Trang 12
P1 = P1 P2
P2 = P2 P3
P3 = P3 Pnt
Suy ra:
P2 = P1 - P1 = 5 2,63 = 2,27 at
P3 = P2 - P2 = 2,27 1,31 = 0,96 at
Vi: P1,P2, P3: p sut hi t ni 1, 2 v 3 at
Pnt : p sut thit b ngng t, at
P1, P2,P3 : hiu s p sut ni 1 so vi ni 2, ni 2 so vi ni 3 v ni
3 so vi thit b ngng t , at
P: hiu s p sut cho c h thng, at
Nhit hi t ni sau bng nhit hi th ni trc tr i 1 (1 chnh l tn
tht nhit do tr lc thu hc trn ng dn), cn nhit hi th ca ni cui
cng th bng nhit thit b ngng t cng thm 1oC. (trang 106 [2])
Ta c:
Ni 2
Ni 3
P (at)
T(oc)
T(oc)
151,1
2,27
122
0,96
98
2,3
123
99
0,36
73,05
TBNT
P (at)
T(oc)
0,35
72,05
f 16 .2
Suy ra:
' o
'
Tm2
r
t.106
273 t '
16 .2
( oC)
Trong :
o : tn tht nhit p sut thng,
f
: h s hiu chnh.
Trang 13
[2]
= 1 + 2 +3 = 15,18
III.2.6. Tn tht nhit do p sut thy tnh:
Nhit si ca dung dch c c tng cao v hiu ng thy tnh (tn tht
nhit do p sut thy tnh tng cao):
2.19/108 [3]
: Khi lng ring dung dch theo nng cui ( nhit ts,
khng k ln bt hi), kg/m3;
: Khi lng ring dung mi , kg/m3;
dm
H
: Chiu cao ng truyn nhit, m; Chn H = 2,5m
Po
: p sut trn mt thong dung dch ly bng p sut hi th, at;
g
: gia tc trng trng, ly g = 9,81 m/s2
Ta ly: hh = 0,5dd
CT trang 108[3]
Bng 3: Tn tht nhit do p sut thy tnh
Ni I
Ni II
Ni III
dd
(kg/m3)
dm
(kg/m3)
1232
1073
1059
940,4
958,1
971,22
Hop
(m)
1,67
1,08
0,86
Trang 14
= 3,15
Lu : vi dd l khi lng ring dung dch theo nng cui tsdd(Ptb) ( l
nhit ang cn xc nh ) , nn ta cn chn mt nhit thch hp ( chn t = tsdm 0C)
Tng 3 ni
[2]
Ni I
Ni II
Ni III
Tng 3 ni
( C)
151,1
122
98
t
o
( C)
123
99
73,05
( C)
7,95
2,76
1,31
( C)
2
0,2
0,95
ts
o
( C)
132,95
101,96
75,31
Trang 15
ti
o
( C)
18,15
20,04
22,69
: m ca hi t.
i, i1, i2
: Hm nhit ca hi t, hi th ni I v ni II, J/kg.
t, t1, t2, t3 : Nhit si ban u, ra khi ni I, ni II, ni III ca dung dch,
C, C1, C2 , C3: Nhit dung ring ban u, ra khi ni I, ni II, ni III ca dd,
J/kg..
1, 2,3
: Nhit nc ngng t ca ni I, ni II, ni III.
Cng1, Cng2,Cng3: Nhit dung ring ca nc ngng t ni I, ni II, ni III
J/kg..
Qxq1, Qxq2, Qxq3: Nhit mt mc ra mi trng xung quanh, J.
Trang 16
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
i = 2754 kJ/kg
i1 = 2716 kJ/kg
i2 = 2677 kJ/kg
i3 = 2630 kJ/kg
Nhit si ca dung dch:
t = 75,31 oC
t1 = 132,95 oC
t2 = 101,96 oC
t3 = 75,31 oC
Nhit dung ring ca dung dch:
C = 3558,10 J/kg.
C1 = 2844,55 J/kg.
C2 = 3428,86 J/kg.
C3 = 3630,64 J/kg.
Nhit nc ngng t (xem nh bng nhit hi t):
1 = 151,1 oC
2 = 122,0 oC
3 = 98,0 oC
Nhit dung ring ca nc ngng t:
(tra Bng I.249/310 [4])
Cng1 = 4,315 kJ/kg.
Cng2 = 4,253 kJ/kg.
Cng3 = 4,218 kJ/kg.
Thay cc gi tr tra c bn trn vo cc phng trnh (2), (3), (4), gii h 3
phng trnh 3 n s W1, W2, W3, ta c:
Trang 17
W1 Wn
.100 % 5%
W1
W1
III-15/114
[2]
: lng hi th theo gi thuyt hay tnh ton c gi tr ln
Wn
Ni
Ni I
Ni II
Ni III
Wgt
1543,68
1286,55
1169,59
Wtt
1600
1285
1113
Trang 18
W
3,52 %
0,12 %
4,84 %
CHNG IV
1
1 1
(t w1 t w 2 ) ( )(t w1 t w 2 )
r
rc1 rc2
Trang 19
trang 3 [5]
r rc1
V
2.10 3
rc 2 0.232 10 3
0.387 10 3
16 .3
= 7,417.10-4 (m2./W)
1 2.04A 4
Trong :
2 3
r
t 1H
0.25
trang 29 [5]
40
139
60
155
80
169
100
179
120
188
140
194
160
197
180
199
200
199
Trang 20
Ni i
t1(0C)
tw1(0C)
I
II
III
151,1
122
98
150,64
127,51
102,50
t1
(0C)
0,65
0,55
0,40
tm(0C)
150,87
124,75
100,25
195
189
179
r
(J/kg)
2121675
2189120
2259000
1 H(
H(m)
2,5
2,5
2,5
(W/m2.)
13446,87
13695,68
14156,71
q1 = 1t1
Bng 7: Nhit ti ring hi t cp cho thnh thit b
Ni i
t1(0C)
1 (W/m2.)
q1 (W/m2)
0,65
13446,87
8740,46
I
0,55
13695,68
7532,63
II
0,40
14156,71
5662,68
III
c. Tnh h s cp nhit pha dung dch si :
Gi s ch si si bt v qu trnh l i lu t nhin, ta c:
2 n dd
n
Vi:
0.565
. dd
n
C dd
Cn
dd
0.435
(W/m2)
VI.27/71
[5]
(W/m2)
V.91/26
[5]
Trong :
: p sut tuyt i trn mt thong, (N/m2).
: Hiu s nhit gia thnh ng v dung dch si, oC
t2 = tw2 tsdd
dd , n : h s dn nhit ca dung dch v nc, W/m.
dd , n : khi lng ring ca dung dch v nc, kg/m3
Cdd , Cn : nhit dung ring ca dung dch v nc, J/kg.
dd , n : nht dung dch v hi t, Ns/m2
Xem nh s mt mt nhit khng ng k.
q = q1 = q2
tw2 = tw1 q1
Tnh h s dn nhit ca dung dch:
P
t2
dd AC p .3
(W/m.)
Trang 21
M = x.MNaNO3 + (1 - x).Mnc
+ A : h s ph thuc mc lin kt ca cht lng i vi nc A = 3,58.10-8
Bng 8: H s dn nhit ca dung dch
C
(J/kgK)
M (g/mol)
dd(kg/m3)
dd (W/m.)
Ni i
p
I
2844,55
1232
48,15
0,37
II
3428,83
1073
35,02
0,41
III
3630,64
1059
30,48
0,45
Ni I
n (W/m.)
Ni III
0,69
0,68
0,67
916,32
942,58
959,8
Cdd (J/kg.)
2844,55
3428,83
3630,64
Cn (J/kg.)
4324,4
4238,0
4222,0
dd.103 (Ns/m2)
0,242.10-3
0,334.10-3
0,45.10-3
n.103 (Ns/m2)
0,210.10-3
0,274.10-3
0,37.10-3
n (kg/m3)
Ni i
I
II
III
q2 (W/m2)
8390,40
7240,13
5917,15
q (W/m2)
4,01%
3,88%
4,30%
qtb
III-17/116 [2]
t i
Bng 12: H s truyn nhit ca mi ni
K
Trang 22
Ni i
qtb (W/m2)
ti (oC)
K (W/m2)
8665,43
18,15
472,05
I
7386,38
20,04
368,62
II
5789,91
22,69
255,52
III
Hiu s nhit hu ch thc ca mi ni:
Phn phi ti theo iu kin b mt truyn nhit cc ni bng nhau:
ti
3
Q
m
1 K i
i
Trong : Ch s m ch ni th m.
Cng thc chung:
t im
Q
K
o
( C)
III-19/117
[2]
t t t t
iIII
i
iI
iII
3
Qi
QI QII QIII
K I K II K III
Q
K
Q
ti
(ti)
t
2
o i
o
(kW)
(W/m )
( C)
( C)
(oC)
K
2521,57
472,05
5341,73
19,08
18,15
4,90%
Ni I
2090,00
368,62
5669,75
20,67
20,04
3,06%
Ni II
Ni III
1742,51
255,52
6827,43
23,69
22,69
2,59%
IV.1.3 Tnh din tch b mt truyn nhit ca mi ni:
Ta c:
Ni I
Ni II
Ni III
Q
(m2)
K t i
Bng 14: Din tch b mt truyn nhit
Q(w)
K(W/m2 )
2521,57
472,05
2090,00
368,62
1742,51
255,52
Chn F = 315 m2
Trang 23
ti*
19,08
20,67
23,69
III-21/117 [2]
F(m2)
279,96
274,3
293,15
trang 292 [5]
F
.d .l
(ng)
III-25/121 [2]
F
: din tch b mt truyn nhit, m2. F = 315 m2
l
: chiu di ng truyn nhit, l = 2,5 m
d
: ng knh ng truyn nhit, m
Chn ng knh ng truyn nhit (bng VI.6 [5])
dn = 57 mm
dtr = dn - 2v = 57 2.2,5 = 52 mm
Chn kiu b tr ng truyn nhit hnh lc gic u.
Do 1 > 2 nn d l ng knh trong ca ng truyn nhit.
315
F
n
772 ng
.d t .l 0,052 2,5
Xp ng theo hnh lc gic u (bng 3.6, trang 237, ti liu [1])
S ng trn ng cho: 33 ng
Tng s ng:
817 ng
d 2 n
dt 2 n
0,0522 817
1,73 (m2)
III-27/121 [2]
4
4
4
Tit din ngang ca ng tun hon trong (ly bng 25% FD):
ft = 0,25FD = 0,25.1,73 = 0,4325 (m2)
ng knh ng tun hon trong:
4 ft
4 0,4275
0,74 (m)
Dth
III-26/121 [2]
trang 291 [1]
14,03 > 10
Ta c :
d
57
Vy: Dth = 0,8 m
c. ng knh bung t:
Trang 24
Dt
(m)
III-28/121 [2]
Trong :
t
: h s, ly = 1,2
dn
t
: bc ng, m (t =1,2-1,5dn) chn t = 1,2dn
dn
: ng knh ngoi ng truyn nhit, m
3 2
3
b 1 1 132 1 1 127 ng
4
4
Vy s ng truyn nhit cn thit: 817 127 = 690 ng
Vy s ng truyn nhit lc ny l 690 ng.
e. Tnh din tch b mt truyn nhit:
Trang 25
W
h
Vh
4W
Fb
2
h D b
Db
4
(m/s)
m ax
Ta cn kim tra iu kin: hi 70 % o (*)
Vi o l vn tc lng:
0 =
4 g ( ' h )d
(m/s)
3 h
5.14/276 [1]
: H s tr lc.
d
18.5
Re h h trang 276 [1]
Nu 0,2 < Re < 500 =>
0.6
h
Re
h
h
3
(m/s)
(kg/m ) (kg/m3) (Ns/m2)
1,19 0,0000134 0,13
Ni I 940,40
0,60 0,00001235 0,22
Ni II 958,10
0,24
0,000011
1,48
Ni III 971,22
Re
3,46
3,21
9,69
8,78
4,73
4,74
(m/s)
0,59
1,15
1,83
Ghi ch
Tha (*)
Tha (*)
Tha (*)
III-23/120 [2]
W
h
Up
Ut
Chn Ut = 1600 m3/m3h. (Ut =1600-1700 m3/m3h)
fb
: H s hiu chnh p sut hi th.
Hb
Ni I
P
(at)
2,3
4Vb
2 (m)
D b
Bng 16: Th tch v chiu cao bung bc
Up
h
W
fb
(kg/h)
(m3/m3h)
(kg/m3)
1,19
0,92
1472
3412
Trang 26
III-22/120 [2]
Vb
(m3)
1,96
Hb
(m)
0,32
1
0,6
1
1600
2908,7
3,05
0,49
Ni II
0,24
1,4
2240
2590
4,79
0,78
Ni III 0,36
V trong bung bc c hin tng si bt si c 1 phn mc cht lng trong bung bc
nn chn chiu cao cho c ba ni l Hb = 2,5 m
H b 2,5m
Bung bc:
Db 2,8m
Gc nghing 45
DNh 2,4 m
DLn 2,8m
H 0,2m
H g 50mm
Trang 27
CHNG V
trang 95 [6]
Dt P
2 h
2400 0,3924
4,383 (mm)
2 113,1
. 0,95
5-3/96 [6]
B dy thc:
S = S + C
(mm)
Vi C l h s b sung b dy tnh ton, mm.
C = C a + Cb + Cc + Co
(mm)
Ca
: H s b sung do n mn ha hc ca mi trng, mm
Chn Ca = 1 mm
Cb
: H s b sung do bo mn c hc ca mi trng, mm
Chn Cb = 0
Trang 28
5-9/96 [6]
1-10/20 [6]
Cc
0,00029 0,1
(tha)
Dt
2400
[ P]
2h S C a 2 113,1
.1 0,95 8 1
125,4
0,95 956,1 > 25
0,1246
trang 95 [6]
Dt P
2h
2400 0, 1246
1,26 (mm)
2 125,4 0, 95
5-3/96 [6]
B dy thc:
S = S + C
(mm)
5-9/96 [6]
Trang 29
2 hS C a 2 125 0,95 4 1
Trang 30
P L
S' 1,18 Dt nt
E
D
t
0.4
2500
0,102
=1,18 2400
1,93.105 2400
5-14/98[6]
S= 8,88 mm
B dy thc ca thn:
S = S + Ca = 8,88 + 1 = 9,88 mm
Tra bng XIII.9 trang 364 [5] Chn S = 12 mm.
Kim tra hai iu kin: 5-15, 5-16/99 [6]
1,5
2S Ca L
Dt
Dt
Dt
2S Ca
1,5
212 - 1
2500
0,143
1, 042
2400
2400
2S C a
Dt
L
Et
0,3 t
c
Dt
2400
10,44
212 1
2500
1,9 10 5 212 1
1,.042 0 ,.3
0,251
2400
202,5 2400
3
(tho)
S C a S Ca
Pn
Dt
Dt
2
2400 12 1
12 1
5
2000 2400
2400
Pn 0,649 E Dt
L
t
Pct
.( Dt 2 S ) 2
4
.P
.(2400 2 12 ) 2
Xc nh h s kc theo t s
Dt
(trang 103 [6])
2.( S C a )
Trang 31
Dt
2.( S C a )
50
100
150
200
250
500
1000
2000
2500
qc
0,05
0,098
0,14
0,15
0,14
0,118
0,08
0,06
0,055
25
K c 875.
Dt
109 250
2.( S C a )
ct
Et
Pct
5,6524 N/mm2
.( Dt S )( S Ca )
S Ca
113,67 N/mm2
Dt
n
P
5,6524
.
0,102
n
0 ,51 1 (tho )
[ n ] [ Pn ]
113.67
.
0 ,2215
Vy chiu dy thn bung bc ni III: S = 12 mm
V.1.2 Thn bung bc:
- Chn thn hnh tr v vt liu lm thn bung bc l CT3
- Thn bung bc c 1 l nhp liu, v 1 l thng p.
- Cui thn bung bc l phn hnh nn ct c g ni bung t v bung bc.
a. Bung bc ni I:
Thng s lm vic: Dt = Db = 2800 mm
Pt = 2,3 at Thn bung bc ni I chu p sut trong.
Nhit hi th
t = 123 oC
Thng s tnh ton: Ptt = Pd = 2,3 1 = 1,3 at = 0,127 N/mm2
t = 123 + 20 = 143 oC (c bc lp cch nhit)
Cc thng s cn tra v chn:
[]* : ng sut cho php tiu chun, N/mm2 []* = 131 N/mm2
Trang 32
17[6]
124,45
0 ,95 985,22 > 25
0,12
trang 95 [6]
Dt P
2h
2800 0,127
1,5 mm
2 125 0,95
5-3/96
[6]
B dy thc:
S = S + C
(mm)
5-9/96 [6]
Vi C l h s b sung b dy tnh ton, mm.
C = C a + Cb + Cc + Co
(mm)
1-10/20 [6]
Ca
: H s b sung do n mn ha hc ca mi trng, mm
Chn Ca = 1 mm
Cb
: H s b sung do bo mn c hc ca mi trng, mm
Chn Cb = 0
Cc
: H s b sung do sai lch khi ch to, lp rp, mm
Chn Cc = 0
Co
: H s b sung quy trn kch thc, mm.
S = S + Ca = 1,5 + 1 = 2,5 mm
Kim tra bng 5-1 trang 94 [6] Vi Dt = 2800mm Chn S = 6 mm.
Kim tra iu kin bn: 5-10, 5-11/97 [6]
S Ca 6 1
Trang 33
125,4
0,95 1214,4 > 25
0,0981
trang 95 [6]
Dt P
2 h
2800 0,0981
1,156 mm
2 125 0,95
5-3/96 [6]
B dy thc:
S = S + C
(mm)
5-9/96 [6]
Vi C l h s b sung b dy tnh ton, mm.
C = C a + Cb + Cc + C o
(mm)
1-10/20 [6]
Ca : H s b sung do n mn ha hc ca mi trng, mm
Chn Ca = 1 mm
Cb : H s b sung do bo mn c hc ca mi trng, mm
Chn Cb = 0
Cc : H s b sung do sai lch khi ch to, lp rp, mm
Chn Cc = 0
Co : H s b sung quy trn kch thc, mm.
S = S + Ca = 1,156+ 1 = 2,156 mm
Kim tra bng 5-1 trang 94 [6] Vi Dt = 2800mm
Chn S = 4 mm.
Kim tra iu kin bn: 5-10, 5-11/97 [6]
Trang 34
S Ca 4 1
[ P]
2 h S C a 2 125 0,95 4 1
tc
S' 1,18 Dt nt
E
D
0.4
2500
0,161
=1,18 2800
5
1,9.10 2800
5-14/98 [6]
0.4
11,64 mm
B dy thc ca thn:
S = S + Ca = 11,64 + 1 = 12,64 mm
Tra bng XIII.9 trang 364 [5] Chn S = 14 mm.
Kim tra hai iu kin: 5-15, 5-16/99 [6]
Trang 35
1.5
1,5
2S Ca L
Dt
Dt
Dt
2S Ca
214 - 1
2500
0,14
0.893
.
2800
2800
2S C a
Dt
L
Et
0,3 t
c
Dt
2800
10,3 (tho)
214 1
214 1
2800 0,253
3
2500
1,9.10 5
0,892
0,3
.
2800
207
(tho)
Pn 0,649 E Dt
L
t
S Ca
Dt
S Ca
Pn
Dt
2800 14 1
14 1
0,26
= 0,649 2 10
2500 2800
2800
2
(N)
Dt
(trang 103 [6])
2.( S C a )
Xc nh h s kc theo t s
Dt
2.( S C a )
qc
25
50
100
150
200
250
500
1000
2000
2500
0,05
0,098
0,14
0,15
0,14
0,118
0,08
0,06
0,055
Dt
107,3 <250
2.( S C a )
Trang 36
K c 875.
ct
.qc 0,13
0,155
(tha)
Pct
3.,56 (tha) 5-32 /103 [6]
.K c .Et
Et
5-48/107 [6]
Pct
8,2 N/mm2
.( Dt S )( S Ca )
5-31/103 [6]
S Ca
117,69 N/mm2
Dt
n
P
8,2
n
[ n ] [ Pn ] 117,69
.
0 ,161
0 ,26
0 ,688 1 (tho)
Trang 37
hg
ht
Dt
Hnh 3: Np elip
a. Np ni I:
Thng s lm vic:
Rt = Dt = 2800 mm
Pt = 2,3 at Np ni I chu p sut trong.
t = 123 oC
Rt S C a
2800 6 1
Thng s tnh ton:
Vy chiu dy np ni I: S = 6 mm.
Trang 38
Rt = Dt = 2800 mm
Pt = 1,0 at Np ni II chu p sut trong
t = 99 oC
Pn = 1+ 0 = 1,0 at = 0,0981 N/mm2
Rt S C a
2800 4 1
Vy chiu dy np ni II: S = 4 mm
c. Np ni III:
Thng s lm vic:
Rt = Dt = 2800 mm
Pt = 0,36 at Np ni I chu p sut ngoi.
0
t = 73,05 C
Thng s tnh ton:
Pn = 1 + (1 0,36) = 1,64 at = 0,161 N/mm2
t = 73,05 + 20 = 93,05 oC (np c bc cch nhit)
Cc thng s cn tra v chn:
[]* : ng sut cho php tiu chun, N/mm2 Tra []* = 138 N/mm2
( 93.05oC) hnh 1-1 [6]
1-9/17 [6]
Trang 39
nc
tc
ty
200
143,4
.
S
14
x ct
0,9 227,7
.
Kim tra p sut tnh ton cho php bn trong thit b:
2,55
(14 1)
0,47
2800
7
E t (S Ca ) 5xRt ct
vi t
2,55
E (S Ca ) 6.7 xRt (1 x) ct
[Pn]=0,477> P=0,161 (tho)
6-13/127
[6]
trang 127
[6]
Vy chiu dy ca np ni III: S = 14 mm
V.2.2 y thit b:
Chn y nn tho liu tt v vt liu lm y l thp khng g X18H10T.
R
Chn y c na gc nh nn 30o C , t 0.15
Dt
Chn y nn c g vi: Dt = 2400mm
bng XIII.21 trang 394 [5]
Chiu cao phn nn:
H = 2175 mm.
Chiu cao phn g:
Hg = 50 mm.
Trang 40
Dt
30
Trang 41
Dt y
4 133 0 , 95 8 1
2400 1,4
1,053 N/mm2
0,635 N/mm2
Dt 2 cos S C a
2400 2 cos 30 8 1
Hay:
p sut tnh ton cho php chn theo tr s nh ca 1 trong 2 gi tr va tnh
c.
trang 132[6]
Nh vy: [P] = 0,635 N/mm2 > P = 0,19953 N/mm2.
Vy chiu dy y ni I: S = 8 mm.
b . y ni II:
y ni II chu p sut trong
Thng s lm vic: Dt = 2400 mm
Pt = 1 at
Pd = 1 = 0,0981 N/mm2
o
sdd = 101,96 C
Thng s tnh ton:
P = Pd + Ptt = 0,0981 + 0,072 = 0,1701 (N/mm2)
t = 101,96 + 20 = 121,96 oC (c bc lp cch nhit)
Cc thng s cn tra v chn:
[]* : ng sut cho php tiu chun, N/mm2 []* = 137 N/mm2
121,96oC) (hnh 1-2 [6]
0,41 N/mm2
Dt y
24001,4
y
P 2 cos hS C a 2 cos 30 120,65 0,95 4 1 0,25
Dt 2 cos S C a
2400 2 cos 30 4 1
N/mm2
Hay:
p sut tnh ton cho php chn theo tr s nh ca 1 trong 2 gi tr va tnh c.
trang 132[6]
Trang 42
2500 mm
D '
cos
cos 30
Vi Dt1: ng knh trong b ca y nn, mm
Chn Dt1 = 50 mm.
Cc thng s cn tra v chn:
[]* : ng sut cho php tiu chun, N/mm2
Tra []* = 143 N/mm2. ( 95,31oC) (hnh 1-2 [6])
Et
: moun n hi ca vt liu nhit lm vic ca n, N/mm2.
Tra Et = 2.105 N/mm2.
nc
: H s an ton Tra nc = 1,65
t
: Gii hn chy ca vt liu nhit tnh ton, N/mm2.
c
ct [ ]* nc 143 1,65 235,95
. N/mm2
Chn b dy y bng b dy thn bung bc chu p sut ngoi
S = 14 mm.
Kim tra iu kin: 5-15, 5-16/99 [6]
2S C a l '
D'
1,5
D'
D'
2S C a
2500
1,5 214 - 1 0,153 2175 0, 87
9,8 (tho)
2500
2500
.
2
14
1
3
E t 2S C a
l'
D' 0,3 t
D'
5
2175 0,87 0,3 2 10 214 1 0,27 (tho)
2500
235,9 2500
Kim tra p sut ngoi tnh ton cho php: 5-19/99 [6]
Trang 43
Pn 0, 649Et D' S Ca S Ca Pn
2
l ' D'
D'
5/2
2500 141
5
0,649 210
D'2S 2
4
Pn
2500 2 14
4
D'
2500 96,15
2S Ca 214 1
tra qC = 0.09 trang 103 [6]
ct
235,9
K
875
qC 875
0,09
H s
C
t
E
2 105
n nh ca thn: 5-32/103 [6]
0,233 1169499,2 N
T s:
S Ca
5-33/103 [6]
0,092 0,155
5-34/103[6]
PCT
1169499,2
(tho)
14 1 13
4,498
.
t
K C E
0.092 2 105
11,39 N/mm2
D' SS Ca 2500 14 14 1
ng sut nn chiu trc cho php: 5-31/103 [6]
[ n ] K C E t
S Ca
14 1
0,092 2 10 5
D'
2500
95,68 N/mm2
n
P
11,39
.
0 ,233
n
0,593 1 tha
.
0,491
n Pn 95.688
Vy chiu dy y ni III: S = 14 mm
Bch ni bung t vi y
Bch ni bung t vi bung
bc
2
D t P D tb bo mP
4
2400
2570
2500
2460
2415
56
M30
56
(N)
7-10/155 [6]
(N)
7-11/155 [6]
Lc tc dng ln 1 bulng:
qb
d t2
4
Trong :
Dt
: ng knh trong ca thit b, mm => Dt = 2800 mm.
P
: p sut mi trng trong thit b, N/mm2
P = 1,3 at = 0,0127 N/mm2.
Dtb
: ng knh trung bnh ca vng m, mm. (Bng XIII.31 p433 [5])
D D0 2870 2819
2844,5 mm
Dtb 1
2
2
25,706 2
4
Q1 108660.
.
Q2 1595122,46
. (N)
q b 26585,4
51,23
.
(N/mm 2 )
Trang 46
z = 56 ci
dt = 20,319 mm (bng PL-2/141 [7])
Tra cc thng s m = 2, q0 = 10 N/mm2
Q1 ,9 N
.
(N)
Q2 1206077,05
q b 21537,09 (N)
66,419 (N/mm 2 )
3,61 0,7
t ' t '
tt
0,3924
57 35
3,61 0,7
69,1 69,1
Trong :
Trang 47
P
: p sut tnh ton ln nht trong ng hoc khng gian ngoi ng, N/
mm2. P = (5 1) at = 4 at = 0,3924 N/ mm2.
3
3
3
dn
69,1
1,4 57
t ' t. sin 60 o t
2
2
2
dn = 57 mm
Vy chiu dy v ng: S = 35 mm.
V.2.5 Tai treo:
Chn vt liu lm tai treo l thp CT3, s tai l 4, c 2 gn trn 1 tai .
V.2.6 Khi lng thit b:
Khi lng ring ca thp CT3: 7850 kg/m3 bng XII.7/313 [5]
Khi lng ring ca thp khng g X18H10T: 7900 kg/m3
bng XII.7/313 [5]
Ta chn ni I tnh v y l ni dung dch c nng ln nht (nng nht).
Khi lng dung dch ln nht c th c trong ni c c:
Gdd = Gd (kg)
3600
Vi : Thi gian lu trung bnh ca dung dch trong ni, s
Tnh thi gian lu trung bnh:
Vn tc dung dch chy trong ng tun hon trung tm
wd 2
v 2
Dth
'
2054,34 s
t
'
0,0023
Khi lng dung dch:
G
6000 .
Gdd .
2054,34 = 3423,9 kg
3600
3600
Vt liu
Trang 48
Khi lng
(kg)
Dt 2,8 m
Dn Dt 2 S
Bung bc
CT3
2
D n D 2t H
4
S 6 mm
H 2,5m
1038
7850 kg / m 3
Dt 2,4 m
Dn Dt 2 S
Bung t
CT3
S 8 mm
H 2,5 m
2
D n D 2t H
4
1187,7
FS
604,12
FS
583,02
D l D n SH
2
76,94
7850 kg / m 3
Dt 2,4 m
hg 50mm
y nn
X18H10T
S 8
F 9,559 m 2
7900 kg / m 3
Dt 2,8 m
hg 60mm
Np elip
X18H10T
S 6 mm
F 12,3
. m2
7900 kg / m 3
Dlon 2,8 m
Dnho 2,4 m
y nn ct X18H10T S 6 mm
H 0,2 m
7900 kg / m 3
Trang 49
n 690 ng
d n 57 mm
d t 52 mm
ng truyn
H 2,5 m
nhit v ng X18H10T
Dth ,n 806 mm
trung tm
Dth ,t 800mm
nd
4
2
n
d t2 Dth2 ,n Dth2 ,t H
5979,58
7900 kg / m3
Dt 2,4 m
n 690
d n 57 mm
V ng
D
4
2
t
nd n2 Dth2 ,n S
622,63
7900 kg / m 3
CT3
Mt bch
X18H10T
& CT3
D 3m
D0 2,819 m
D 2,570 m
D0 2,415 m
X18H10T
4 ( D
i 1
2
i
D02i ) H i
868,8
D 2,570 m
D0 2,415 m
Chi tit khc
Tng khi
lng (kg)
G tng (c
dung dch) kg
V.2.7 Ti trng tc dng ln mt tai treo:
Q
75,000
11019,26
14443,16
35421,85 (N)
4
4
8-68/191 [6]
c
(mm)
a
(mm)
b
(mm)
H
(mm)
Trang 50
S
(mm)
d
(mm)
Trng
lng
29700
190
160
170
280
10
30
(N)
73,5
25
30
80
10
190
25
290
170
10
180
Trong :
: Lu lng lu cht, kg/s.
: Tc ca lu cht i trong ng, m/s. trang 74 [5]
: Khi lng ring ca lu cht, kg/m3.
Bng 19: ng knh ng dn
Gs (kg/s) (kg/m3) Chn (m/s) dt (m)
Loi ng dn
ng nhp liu ni III
3,333
1048,1
0,6
0,082
ng nhp liu ni II
2,61
1060
0,6
0,072
ng nhp liu ni I
1,81
1287,5
0,6
0,055
ng tho liu ni I
0,833
1255,5
0,5
0,041
ng dn hi t ni I
1,19
2,614
30
0,14
ng dn hi th ni I
0,95
1,107
30
0,19
ng dn hi th ni II
0,81
0,579
30
0,243
ng dn hi th ni III
0,72
0,245
40
0,306
ng dn nc ngng ni I
1,19
917,3
1,5
0,033
ng dn nc ngng ni II
0,95
943,4
1,5
0,029
ng dn nc ngng ni III
0,81
958,8
1,5
0,027
Gs
chun (mm)
100
100
100
50
150
250
250
320
50
50
50
Trang 51
X18H10T
Bch ni np vi
bung bc
CT3
Bulng
Bch ni bung
t v bung bc. X18H10T
Bulng
Bch ni bung
t v y.
CT3
Bulng
m
Paronit
CT3
Tai treo
B dy S (mm)
ng knh D (mm)
Chiu cao H (mm)
B dy S (mm)
ng knh D (mm)
Chiu dy h (mm)
ng knh db (mm)
ng knh D (mm)
Chiu cao h (mm)
ng knh db (mm)
ng knh D (mm)
Chiu cao h (mm)
ng knh db (mm)
B dy S (mm)
800
2500
3
3000
60
36
1550
35
30
2570
56
30
3
Ni II Ni III Ghi ch
2400
2400
2500
2500
8
14
2800
2800
3000
3000
8
14
2800
2800
700
700
Np elip c
60
60
g
tiu chun
250
250
8
14
2400
2175
50
50
8
2400
2175
50
50
14
y nn loi
II c g tiu
chun
2800
2400
200
8
2800
2400
200
14
y nn ct
35
52
2500
2,5
800
2500
3
3000
60
36
1550
35
30
2570
56
30
3
Trn phng
52
2500
2,5
Trang 52
TNH THIT B PH
W3 i3 C n t 3 c
(kg/s)
C n t 3 c t 2 3
III-35/123
[2]
Trong :
W3
: Lng hi i vo thit b ngng t, kg/s.
=> W3 = 0,325 kg/s.
i2
: Hm nhit ca hi ngng t, J/kg.
=> i2 = 2263140 J/kg.
t2, t2c: Nhit u v cui ca nc lnh, 0C.
Chn:
t2 = 30 0C
Vkk
288Gkk (273 t kk )
Png Ph
(m3/s)
Trong :
Trang 53
VI-49 [5]
h h
Trong :
W3
: Lng hi ngng tu, kg/s
: Khi lng ring ca hi, kg/m3.
W3 = 0,2378 kg/m3 bng I.250/312 [4]
0,325
0,323 m
0,2378 25
III-37/123 [2]
Trang 54
t85 [5]
VI-56/85 [5]
III-36/124 [2]
K hiu
Dtr
1300
1200
B rng ca tm ngn
300
K1
725
4550
1400
D1
400
1400
260
300
a2
a3
a4
360
400
430
a5
ng knh cc ca ra v vo:
-Hi vo
350
-Nc vo
d1
125
-Hn hp kh v hi ra
d2
100
Trang 55
-Ni vi ng Baromet
d3
150
d4
100
d5
70
d6
-ng thng kh
50
-
d7
d8
d. Kch thc ng Baromet:
- TBNT Baromet lm vic p sut chn khng 0.4812 at. Do , m bo thit b
lm vic bnh thng, cn phi tho hn hp nc lnh v nc ngng t ra ngoi bng
ng Baromet.
- ng knh trong ca ng Baromet c tnh bng cng thc:
0.004 Gn W2
d ba
(m)
III-40/124 [2]
Trong :
Gn
: Lng nc lnh ti vo thp, kg/s => G n= 4,16 (kg/s)
W3
: Lng hi ngng t, kg/s => W3 = 0,325(kg/s)
Suy ra:
Chn
= 0,55 m/s (trang 86 [5])
0,004 4.16 0.325
0 ,157 m = 160 mm
dba =
0,55
Trang 56
h2
1
2g
d
(m)
III-44/126 [2]
: Tng tr lc cc b
Chn h s tr lc cc b khi vo ng l 1 = 0,5 v h s tr lc cc b khi ra
khi ng l 2 = 1
=> = 1,5
Tnh h s tr lc do ma st :
c: ttb = 48,53 0C Tra:
trang 87 [5]
= 987,875 kg/m3
= 0,557.10-3 Ns/m2
Chun s Re:
Re =
156073,6
0,557 10 3
d ba
2
0,0125
160
nhm tng i:
Theo cng thc Cnacp (Re > 100000):
1
(1.8 log Re 1.5) 2
= 0,0170
Gi s chiu cao ca ng Baromet l: hba = 8 m.
0,55 2
8
1,5 0,052
h2
1 0,0170
2 9,81
0,16
(m)
Vy:
Suy ra:
hba = 6,83 + 0,052 + 0,5 = 7,38 (m) Nhn.
Vy chiu cao ca ng Baromet l: hba = 8 m
Bng 22: Thng s ca thit b ngng t Baromet
Lng nc lnh cn ti vo TBNT
Gn = 4,16 kg/s
Th tch khng kh cn ht ra khi TBNT
Vkk = 0,0255m3/s
Thit b
ng knh trong
Chiu cao
S ngn
Khong cch gia cc ngn
S bc
Thi gian ri qua 1 bc
Trang 57
Dba = 0,6 m
Hba = 4,3 m
n=8
htb = 0,4 m
K=4
t = 0,41 s
ng knh trong
Chiu cao
ng
dba = 0,16 m
hba = 8 m
h = 8 + 4,3 = 12,3 m
t d 30 C
Dng lnh (nhp liu):
o
t c 91 C
t d t c 30 91
60.5 C
2
2
t ra 151,1 91 60,1 oC
Hiu s nhit trung bnh:
t log
87,1
t vao
121,1
ln
ln
60,1
t ra
Trang 58
3.11/177 [1]
Gd C t c t d
0.9rh
(kg/s)
Trong :
C
: Nhit dung ring trung bnh ca dung dch,J/kg
C = 4253.1 J/kg. (I.43, I.44, I.41/152 [4])
rh
: n nhit ngng t ca hi t, J/kg Tra r = 2117000 J/kg.
(bng I.251/314 [4]
Suy ra: D
6000 4253,1 91 30
817 kg/h = 0,227 kg/s
0,9 2117000
1
1
1
(t w1 t w 2 ) (
)( t w1 t w 2 )
r
rcau1 rcau2
Trong :
rc1
: Nhit tr cn bn pha hi t
rc2
V
: Nhit tr thnh thit b, m2/W.
Trang 59
r (rc 1 V rc 2 ) 0,154
.
(m2 / W )
V.45/17[5]
2d
Pr
0,151 Re0.33 Pr0.43 Gr 0.1 t
Pr
2
d
0.25
(W/m2)
Trong :
d
: ng knh trong ca ng truyn nhit (m) Chn d = 0,057 m
: H s dn nhit ca cht lng (W/m) Tra = 0,5655(W/m.)
Re
Pr
3
Vi:
: Vn tc dng chy, m/s Chn v = 0,01 m/s
C
Pr
(kg/m3) (j/kg)
( Ns/m2)
(W/m2)
ttb = 60,5 0C
1142,50
3558,1
0,001265
0,5655
7,9593
0
tw2 = 143,23 C
1006,47
3558,1
0,000886
0,5803
5,4324
v
Trang 60
Re 514.68
Suy ra:
10 10
.
Gr 5.354
2 = 359,21 W/m2
Vy:
Nhit ti ring ca pha dung dch si:
q2 = 2t2 = 29861,79 W/m2
Kim tra sai s:
q q1
29861,79 28787,3
q 2
100%
3,6
. % 5%
q2
29861,79
Nhit ti trung bnh:
q q 2 29861,79 28787,3
29324,5 W/m2
qtb = 1
2
2
VI.2.4 Tnh h s truyn nhit:
q
29324,5
352,76
K tb
. W/m2
t log
83,13
CT28 [2]
m
Kt log
Kt log
352,76 87,1
Chn F = 40 m2.
VI.2.6 S ng truyn nhit:
F
40
111,68
n
dH 0,057 2
III-25/121 2]
4
n 1 13 ng
3
Trang 61
Dt = 1,0488 (m)
VI.3 Bn cao v:
-
0,73 m/s
v
2
d t
3600 1075. 0,052 2
Chun s Reynolds:
Trang 62
Re
vd t
0,052 1075
43411
0,94 10 3
d
6 t
8/7
d
Re n 220 t
52
6
0.2
9/8
8/7
3452,3
52
220
0.2
II.60/378 [4]
9/8
114621.
II.62/379[4]
100
0,11,46
d t Re
0.25
0.2
100
0,11,46
52
43411
0.25
0,030
4,4 1,084 m
h12
0,030
2g d
0,052
2 9,81
h
g
0,5 1 9.81 10 4
Suy ra: H =
1075 9,81
1 2
(m)
2g
0,73 0
1,084 3,54 m
2 9,81
2
Trang 63
t t
VI.66/92 [5]
C C T1 T 2 (m)
n t T 2 t kk
tT1
: Nhit lp cch nhit tip xc thnh thit b (hi t), C => tT1 = 151,1 C
tT2
: Nhit b mt lp cch nhit v pha khng kh, C Chn tT2 = 45 C
tkk
: Nhit khng kh, C Chn tkk = 30 C
C
: H s dn nhit ca vt liu cch nhit, W/m Tra C = 0,12W/m. Hnh
I.36/129 [4]
n
: H s cp nhit t b mt ngoi ca lp cch nhit n khng kh, W/m2.
n = 9,3 + 0,058tT2 = 9,3 + 0,058 45 = 11,91 W/m2 VI.67 [5]
Suy ra: 0,12 151,1 45 0,071 m .Vy b dy lp cch nhit l: C = 7,5 cm.
C
11,91
45 30
VI.5 Bm:
VI.5.1 Bm nc cho thit b ngng t, bm nhp liu ni III v ni II, ni I ,bm
tho liu ni I:
Cng sut ca bm:
N
Q v gH
1000
(KW)
10.7/33 [7]
Trong :
H
: Ct p ca bm, m.
h12
2g
2g
Xc nh h s ma st trong ng:
Chn ng knh ng dn: dht = dy = d
Vn tc dng chy trong ng: v 4Q2 (m/s)
d
Chun s Reynolds:
vd
Re
Trang 64
Ta c:
8/ 7
d
Ren = 220
9/ 8
0.11.46
d Re
0.25
Tng h s tn tht cc b:
a vao b co90 c van d ra
vo = 0,5
ra = 1,0
co 90 = 0,9
van = 0,2
Chn l: Chiu di ng ng, m.
Trong :
h1 2
Tn tht p sut:
Ct p ca bm:
(kg/m3)
Qm (kg/s)
Qv (m3/s)
v1 (m/s)
v2 (m/s)
P1 (at)
P2 (at)
(Ns/m2)
Z1 (m)
Z2 (m)
v2 l
2g d
P2 P1 9.81 10 4
(m)
v12
h1 2 (m)
H = Z 2 Z 1
g
2g
Q gH
Suy ra cng sut bm: N v
(KW)
1000
Bng 24: Tnh ton bm
Bm nhp
Bm nhp Bm nhp liu Bm tho liu
liu ni III
liu ni II
ni I
ni I
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8
1048,1
1060
1287,5
1255,5
3,333
2,62
1,81
0,833
2
2
Bm nc cho
thit b ngng t
0,8
987,875
9,85
0,0032
0,0025
0,007
0,0014
0,01
0
0
1,0000
0,36
0,00094
0,5
5,2
0
0
0,36
1
0.00045
5
5,2
0
0
1
2,3
0,0003436
5
5,2
0
0
2,3
1
0,0002740
5
0,5
0
0
1
0,3345
0,0008
0,5
14
Trang 65
3,5
10
l (m)
h1-2 (m)
0,1814
0,577
H (m)
0,0687
N (KW)
1,5
N chn (Hp)
VI.5.2 Bm chn khng:
* Cng sut bm tiu hao:
d (mm)
v (m/s)
Re
Vt liu lm ng
(mm)
Regh
Ren
VKK
ck
50
0,6
70666
X18H10T
0,2
3301
109674
0,0336
3,7
10
0,1910
2,57
0,0088
1,5
k 1
P
k
2 k
Pkk 1
k 1
P1
50
0,5
114552
X18H10T
0,2
3301
109674
0,0333
4,4
5
0,0985
-6,201
0,056
1
(W)
100
0,55
67946
CT3
0,2
7289
239202
0,0257
3,5
17
0,1214
8,411
0,5052
1
III.3/119
[7]
1.31
25,9 10 3 1,3
1 1.3
27487,62
1 862,325 W
N
0,8
1,3 1
0,2802
Trang 66
Tn thit b
Thit b chnh khng tnh
ng
ng truyn nhit v THTT
Cc ng dn:
Nhp liu 50
Tho liu 50
Hi th 250
Hi t 125
Nc cp thit b ng t
100
X kh v nc ngng 25
Thit b ph:
Bm nc
Bm chn khng
Bm ly tm
Thit b Baromet,
Thit b gia nhit
B phn tch lng
Knh quan st
Vt liu cch nhit
Van
Tai treo
p k
Lu lng k
Nhit k
Tng cng
X18H10T 20418,068 kg
CT3
6677,7 kg
X18H10T 2070 ng 57
3 ng 800
H = 2,5m
50.000 /kg
10.000 /kg
50.000 /m
100.000 /m
Thnh tin
(ng)
1.020.903.500
66.777.000
258.750.000
750.000
X18H10T
X18H10T
CT3
CT3
CT3
CT3
50.000 /m
50.000 /m
100.000 /m
100.000 /m
100.000 /m
30.000 /m
1.000.000
250.000
2.000.000
500.000
1.700.000
240.000
Vt liu
S n v tnh
20 m
5m
20 m
5m
17 m
8m
1 hp
1,5 kW
3.0,5 hp
1
1
1
Thy tinh 6 ci
3 m3
Thp
20
Inox
11
CT3
3,48 kg/ci x 12
5 ci
3 ci
3 ci
n gi
Trang 67
KT LUN
Trong qu trnh thc hin n, ta rt ra c cc nhn xt sau:
H thng c c 3 ni ngc chiu khi vn hnh s tit kim c hi t do tn
dng c lng hi th ca ni trc cp nhit cho ni sau
H thng thch vi vic c c c cc dung dch v c khng bin tnh v nhit
trong khong nhit lm vic, c c c n nng cao hn so vi h xui
chiu.
Tuy nhin do h thng c c ngc chiu c nhp liu t ni th III v hi t
c a vo ni I, do p sut ni II nh hn ni I, ni III nh hn ni II nn khi
a sn phm t ni III sang ni II, ni II sang ni I, ta cn phi dng bm vn
chuyn dung dch.
Khi thit k ta nn thit k sao cho c s ng b gia 3 thit b c c, nhm to
s thun tin khi thay th sa cha.
Thit b c cu to n gin, hot ng n nh, nn ta c th thit k h thng iu
khin t ng cho h thng thit b.
Bn cnh , vi thit b c ng tun hon trung tm, chiu cao bung t qu ln
s gy kh khn cho vic i lu t nhin ca dung dch.
Trang 68
Phm Vn Thm, S tay thit k ha cht v thc phm, B Gio dc v o to, 1992,
275 tr.
[2]
Nhiu tc gi, S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht tp I, NXB Khoa hc v
K thut, 10/2005, 632 tr.
[4]
Nhiu tc gi, S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht tp II, NXB Khoa hc v
K thut, 10/2005, 448 tr.
[5]
H L Vin, Thit k v tnh ton cc chi tit thit b ho cht, NXB Khoa hc v K
thut, Qu III/2006, 240 tr.
[6]
[7] Trn Hng Dng Nguyn Vn Lc Hong Minh Nam V B Minh, Qu trnh &
Thit b CNHH Tp 1 Quyn 2 Phn ring bng kh ng, lc ly tm, bm, qut, my nn,
NXB i hc Quc gia TpHCM, 2004, 242 tr.
[8] Tp th ging vin b mn C Lu Cht, Gio trnh c lu cht, Trng i hc Bch
Khoa TpHCM, 2003, 239tr.
Trang 69