Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. C s l thuyt:
h: hng s Planck, 6.6 x 10-34 (J/s) c: tc ca nh sng trong chn khng, 3 x 1010 (m/s) : bc sng (m) : tn s (s-1 hoc Hz)
Thng thng th n v ca bc sng c s dng trong ph hng ngoi l m ( 1 m = 10- 4 cm) v thay cho tn s (Hz), ngi ta s dng n v l s sng:
2. Nu ta chiu mu cht hu c mt
sng in t vi cc bc sng khc nhau v sau xc nh xem
bc sng no b hp thu, bc
sng no khng th chng ta s c c mt ph hp thu ca mu . 3. Kt qu c biu din bng th ca hm s nng lng sng in t i qua ph thuc vo bc sng.Trc honh biu din bc sng vi ng nm ngang trn n v l m; ng nm ngang di n v l s sng (cm-1), trc tung l h s hp th sng in t c n v l %.
iu kin hp th bc x hng ngoi: c th hp th bc x hng ngoi, phn t phi p ng cc yu cu sau: - di sng chnh xc ca bc x: mt phn t hp th bc x hng ngoi ch khi no tn s dao ng t nhin ca mt phn phn t (tc l cc nguyn t hay cc nhm nguyn t to thnh phn t ) cng l tn s ca bc x ti. -Mt phn t ch hp th bc x hng ngoi khi no s hp th gy nn s bin thin momen lng cc ca chng.
Lng cc in:
Mt phn t ch hp th bc x hng ngoi khi no s hp th gy nn s bin thin momen lng cc ca chng. Khi phn t lng cc c gi trong mt in trng, trng s tc dng cc lc ln cc in tch trong phn t - Cc in tch ngc nhau s chu cc lc theo chiu ngc nhau, iu dn n s tch bit 2 cc tng hoc gim. V in trng ca bc x hng ngoi lm thay i phn cc ca chng mt cch tun hon, khong cch gia cc nguyn t tch in ca phn t cng thay i mt cch tun hon. Khi cc nguyn t tch in ny dao ng, chng hp th bc x hng ngoi. Nu vn tc dao ng ca cc nguyn t tch in trong phn t ln, s hp th bc x mnh v s c m ph hp th mnh, ngc li nu vn tc dao ng ca cc nguyn t tch in trong phn t nh, m ph hp th hng ngoi yu. Theo iu kin ny th cc phn t c 2 nguyn t ging nhau s khng xut hin ph dao ng. V d O2, N2 v.v khng xut hin ph hp th hng ngoi. cng l mt iu may mn, nu khng ngi ta phi ui ht khng kh ra khi my quang ph k hng ngoi.
C th minh ho cc kiu dao ng co gin lin kt v dao ng bin dng ca phn t nc theo m hnh di y :
Hai nguyn t v lin kt ni chng vi nhau c coi l mt dao ng k n gin bao gm hai khi lng lin kt vi nhau bng mt l xo. T nh lut Hooke, ta c th nhn c phng trnh sau y :
f: hng s lc lin kt (Ni n f = 5.105 dyn/cm; Ni i f = 10.105 dyn/cm; Ni ba f = 15.105 dyn/cm) mH = 1 / 6.02.1023 mC = 12 / 6.02.1023
1.2. Tng quan gia ph dao ng v cu trc phn t Cc nhm chc, nhm nguyn t v lin kt trong phn t c cc m ph hp th hng ngoi c trng khc nhau .
Mc d phng php ph dao ng l mt trong nhng phng php hu hiu nht xc nh cc cht v nh tnh cng nh nh lng, c ng dng rng ri trong nghin cu khoa hc cng nh trong kim tra cng nghip, phng php ny cng c nhng hn ch nht nh: - Bng phng php ph hng ngoi khng cho bit phn t lng (tr trng hp c bit). -Ni chung ph hng ngoi khng cung cp thng tin v cc v tr tng i ca cc nhm chc khc nhau trn mt phn t. - Ch ring ph hng ngoi th i khi cha th bit l cht nguyn cht hay cht hn hp v c trng hp 2 cht c ph hng ngoi ging nhau.
1.3. ng dng :
chy.
Nu c th th cn bit chc mu l cht nguyn cht hay hn hp. Sau khi ghi ph hng ngi, nu cht nghin cu l hp cht hu c