Type Gate valves

Description Linear motion valves used to start and stop flow. The valve is completely opened when the disk is removed from the flow stream. Classification of gate valves is made by the type of disk used: solid wedge, flexible wedge, split wedge, or parallel disk.

Advantage No resistance to flow when open Little pressure drop Good sealing when closed Little/no leakage

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Globe valves Linear motion valves used to start, stop and regulate flow. The disk moves perpendicular to the seat to open or close the flow so the annular space between the disk and seat ring gradually changes. There are three body designs for globe valves: Z-body, Y-body, and angle and three designs for the disk: ball disk, composition disk, and plug disk. Throttling and regulating flow Less seat leakage than Gate Valve

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Ball valves

Rotational motion valves used to start, stop or throttle flow. It uses a ball shaped disk with a hole in it. When the valve is opened the hole of disk is turned in-line with the direction of the flow. When the valve is shut, the ball is rotated so that the hole is perpendicular to flow direction.

Less expensive Low maintenance costs Low torque Quick action on/off

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Compact No lubrication Tight sealing

Plug valves

Rotation motion valves used to stop and start fluid flow. The disk is a solid tapered or cylindrical plug with a bored passage at the right angle to the longitudinal axis of the plug. When open, the plug lines up with the inlet and outlet port of the valve body. The plugs are either round or cylindrical with a taper. Plug valves are easy to adapt

Rotational motion Suitable for multi-port designs

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Diaphragm valves

Linear motion vales that are used to start, regulate, and stop fluid flow. The disk is flexible and seals with the seat in an open area at the top of the valve body.

Well-suited for difficult environments (corrosive chemicals, slurries, radioactive fluids)

Ability to throttle

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Reducing Valves Automatic valves that reduce supply pressure to a preselected pressure. The supply pressure must remain at least as high as the selected pressure. The simplest of any valve design. Pinch valves consist of a Automatically reduces supply pressure to preselected pressure Relatively inexpensive

Pinch valves

sleeve molded of rubber or other synthetic material and a pinching mechanism. The pinching mechanism, a bar or gate, is lowered onto the valve body to cut off the flow through the system.

On/off as well as throttling/regulating

Good for slurries, solids Well-suited for difficult environments On/off as well as throttle/regulate Easily/quickly operated Good for large flow/low pressure applications due to saving in weight/size/cost Good for slurries/suspended solids.

Image Credit: Flowrox

Butterfly valve Rotary motion valves that can be used in on-off and throttling systems. They are quick and easy to operate. The flow control element is on either a vertical or horizontal axis and is opened when the handle is rotated 90 degrees and closed when the valve is turned an additional 90 degrees.

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Needle valves Needle valves have a long, tapered, needle-like point that is used to make relatively fine adjustments in the amount of fluid flow. They are sometimes used as component parts for other valves because the needle allows for a gradual change in the size of the fluid flow opening. Check valves are used in systems employing gate valves because they prevent the reversal of flow in the piping system and there is a low pressure drop across the valve. The pressure of the fluid through the system opens the system, while the weight of the check mechanism will close the valve if the flow is reversed. A relief valve opens slowly as the pressure increases about the set-point and only opens as necessary. A safety valve rapidly opens as the pressure setting is reached and will stay open until the pressure is lower than the actuating pressure set-point. Both valves are used to prevent damage by relieving accidental overpressurized fluid systems. Good for fine adjustment throttling

Check valves

Prevents reverse flow

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Relief and safety valves

Prevents over-pressurization

Relief valves are used for incompressible fluids such as water or oil

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Safety valves are used for compressible fluids such as steam.

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