INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DESIGN TE091415

by Dedet C. Riawan, ST., M.Eng. Electrical Engineering Department Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya
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My details

Dedet C. Riawan, S.T., M.Eng. Electrical Engineering Department Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Contact: Email : dedet.riawan@ee.its.ac.id

Schedule of Activities

In Progress

Assessment
Assignments Midterm Exam Final Exam Total 40% 30% 30% 100%

Books and References

Text book: Electrical Systems Analysis and Design for Industrial Plants
by Irwin Lazar Copyright 1980 by McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Power System Analysis

by John J. Grainger and William D. Stevenson, Jr. Copyright 1994 by McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Power System Analysis

Load Flow Analysis: to obtain steady-state performance of power system including voltage profile, generation level and power losses. Short-circuit Analysis: to obtain short-circuit current level in the system for device selection and protective purposes. Protective Devices Coordination: to ensure proper and selective protection on the system at the occurrence of any type of fault. Stability Analysis: to obtain response of the system during and after disturbance concurrency.

Methods Required
Simplified short-circuit calculation using E/X method from Power System Analysis Relay setting calculation from Power System Protection

Outcomes
Typical industrial electric power distribution system Electrical devices selection Protective devices setting and coordination

Electrical Distribution System in Industrial Plants

Importance of Understanding Short-Circuit Current

Behaviour of fault current Type of fault Magnitude of fault current Location of fault

Switchgear short-circuit ratings

Short-Circuit Currents Behaviour -symmetrical

t = cycle

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Short-Circuit Currents Behaviour -symmetrical

t = 8 cycles

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Short-Circuit Currents Behaviour -symmetrical

Fault current contribution from utility Fault current contribution from synchronous generators Fault current contribution from synchronous motors Fault current contribution from induction motors

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Short-Circuit Currents Behaviour -Symmetrical

Maximum Peak Symmetrical fault current Total Fault current Envelope Symmetrical rms

Cycle

1 2 3

first half cycle 1 up to 8 cycles steady state

sub-transient transient

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Short-Circuit Currents Behaviour -Asymmetrical

Obtaining asymmetrical value of fault current from symmetrical fault current: Medium/high voltage systems Low voltage systems Aasymm = 1.6 x Asymm

Aasymm = 1.25 x Asymm

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How HV/MV CBs Clear Fault Current

En e tri rgi p zi ci ng rc ui of t

MV/HV CBs requires several cycles (2, 3, 5 or 8 cycles) before clearing fault current completely. MV/HV CBs must be capable in holding very high current for several cycles 15 before clearing the fault.

Ex tin c a r ti o n c o

In i ti a fa tion ul t of

How Fuses Clear Fault Current

A B C Melting time Arcing time Total clearing time

A C

Fuse clears fault in about cycle DC component appearing in fault current prolongs total clearing time

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How LVCBs Clear Fault Current

LVCB clears fault in about cycle DC component appearing in fault current prolongs total clearing time
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Short-Circuit Calculation Using Simplified E/X Method

XTHEV

ISC ES

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Short-Circuit Sources
1. Synchronous generators 2. Induction motors 3. Synchronous motors 4. Network utilities

Branches
1. Transformer 2. Cables, wires 3. Circuit breaker, fuse, disconnecting switch
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Reactances for Momentary & Interrupting Current Calculation

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Step by Step Procedure

Step 1: Prepare single line diagram Step 2: Select convenience kVA base Step 3: Obtain reactance data for each equipment Step 4: Convert SLD to reactance diagram Step 5: Combine reactance's into single equivalent reactance Step 6: Calculate symmetrical short-circuit current Step 7: Calculate asymmetrical short-circuit current

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Example of Short-Circuit Calculation

Determine momentary and interrupting current at the point of fault P.

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Step 1: SLD
G
Xd = 8%

P X = 8%

Xd = 16.7% IM

SM

Xd = 16% Xd = 27%
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Step 2: Select kVA Base

Choose kVA base of, lets say, 10,000 kVA

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Step 3: Obtain Reactance for Each Equipment

" X d ( new)

" X d (old )

kVAnew kVold kV kVAold new

Generator Transformer Synchronous motor

Induction motor

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Step 4: Convert SLD to Reactance Diagram

G
Xd = 8%

P X = 8%

Xd = 16.7% IM

SM

Xd = 16% Xd = 27%

kVA Base 10,000

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Step 5: Combine reactance's into single equivalent reactance

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Step 6: Calculate symmetrical short-circuit current

XTHEV ISC ES

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Step 7: Calculate Asymmetrical short-circuit current

Irms.asym.mom = 1.6 x Irms.sym.mom Ipeak.asym.mom = 2.55 x Irms.sym.mom

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Proceed to interrupting current calculation Please

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Per unit Reactances for Interrupting Calculation

" X d ( new)

" X d (old )

kVAnew kVold kV kVAold new

Generator Transformer Synchronous motor

Induction motor

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Equivalent Reactance for Interrupting Current

I SC ( rms.sym.int) = 4.255 418 = 1778 A

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Multiplying Factor of Interrupting Current (MFint)

R is equivalent resistance at point of fault

Find R separately calculated from X Use standard values

L is equivalent inductance at the point of fault t (in second) is CB Contact Parting Time (CPT)

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Calculating X/R of System from Separate Network

G
X/R = 25

X/R of equipment may be provided by manufacturer. In the absence of manufacturer data, use typical X/R value from curves below

P X/R = 8

X/R = 20

IM

SM

X/R = 16

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Combine resistance's into single equivalent resistance

pu 10 2 0 .0 pu

.1 8 56

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R = 0.0097pu x 19.044 = 0.1847 Ohm X = 0.235pu x 19.044 = 4.4753 Ohm L = 4.4753/(2 x pi x 50 hz) = 14.25 mH

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Contact Parting Time (CPT) of HVCB

CB Cycles 8 5 3 2 CPT (cycle) 4 3 2 1.5

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The use of calculated short-circuit momentary current:

Closing and latching capabilities of high voltage circuit breakers Bus bracing capabilities Adjust relay instantaneous settings Interrupting capabilities of fuses and low voltage circuit breakers

The use of calculated short-circuit interrupting current:

Interrupting capabilities of high voltage circuit breakers

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Closing & Latching Capabilities of HV/MV CB

Closing & Latching Capabilities > Ipeak.asym.mom

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Bracing of HV/MV Switchgear

Irms.sym.mom

Ipeak.asym.mom
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Interrupting Capabilities of HV Fuse

Interrupting capability > Irms.sym.mom

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Interrupting Capabilities of LVCB

Interrupting Capability > MFint x Irms.sym.mom

, test power factor of LVCB

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Test Circuit Power Factor of LVCB

If power factor of the system (calculated from X/R) is equal or less than in Table, no Multiplying Factor required.

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Multiplying Factor if X/R > LVCB Test p.f

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Multiplying Factor if X/R > LVCB Test p.f (contd)

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Short-Circuit Ratings of HV/MV CB

HVCB interrupting rating > Irms.sym.int x MFint

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Interrupting Current MFint Derived from X/R for HVCB

Note: CPT is in cycle

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Voltage Range Factor of MVCBs

Maximum Symmetrical Interrupting Capability: K x Rated short-circuit current

Rated voltage range factor K Rated maximum voltage Lower limit of operating voltage

K=

Rated short-circuit current and K are specified by manufacturer

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Voltage Range Factor of HVCBs

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Example

At 13.8 kV voltage, the circuit breaker has interrupting capability of: 15 kV x 37 kA = 40.2 kA 13.8 kV Maximum interrupting capability of the circuit breaker is 1.30 x 37 kA = 48.1 kA

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