ADVANCE I.

CHAPTER
1.1 Intention and To The Effect Intention and to the effect of Electric Welding Working Practice performing this for example: Expected college student can apply base tech theories las of counsellor Lecturer into practicing activity and can develop so mahsiswa's hand and think skill can be sharpened Increasing college student ability in gains control and work material properly utilize electric plane unit Coaching accuracy, persistence, oomph, patient and practicing participant skill in processes material workmanship via pengelasan Constituting chance for every practice participant to get the picture face to face material workmanship process in electric welding Form and results collegiate that professional in face future industrial the world daring. Meanwhile intention and to the effect of this report writing, for example: Form carries the ball to be written by college student to practicing activity already been followed altogether complete task series that gave by counsellor Lecturer Evaluate and merealisasikan is knowledge already being gotten from practice activity theoretically, systematics and specifically which stem of reference books Colleges student written picture up to material workmanship process komonikasi's media one way of college student to all aspect at deep practicing activity, can as tips and keritikan Push each participant practicinging to gets the picture theoretically trick and proedur is job in point in pengelasan's area utilizes electric welding 1.2 Background Electric welding working practice activity constitute pretty good activity for every college student as staged as straightforward recognition startup electric welding plane unit. This activity diharapakan can increase skill each participant it in run electric welding plane in processes material workmanship correspond to work

standard already be established. This activity will more effective if escorted by reporting collation as shaped as takes on written jswab and evaluation reflection and knowledge realization already been gotten theoretically and systematics. With be arranged write-up it was expected by college student can more mendalami and understanding each detail procedures plane unit operation electric welding.

CHAPTER II. COGNITIVE BASE

2.1 Savvy Electric welding is process dialing 2 metals or more, one that a sort or hanpir a sort with heat damps down and dialing be done at the moment metal which is tacked on and material adds to reach molten dot. Alone electric welding is process pengelasan who utilize electricity current as

producer of heat with electrode as material as plus for pengelasan. Pengkutupan Directly Pengkutupan directly frequent at conceive of electric welding circuit with negative electrode (DC -). That electrode cable is assembled on negative terminal and term cable on terminal positive.

Image. 1

Pengkutupan flips over Pengkutupan flips over frequent at conceive of electric welding circuit electric welding with positive electrode (DC +). Which is electrode cable is assembled on positive terminal and mass cable on terminal negative. Pengkutupan's influence pengkutupan's influence on usufructs las is on lasnya's penetration. Pengkutupan directly that meghasilkan will shallow penetration whereas on pengkutupan flips over will contrariwise happen.

Image. 2

2.2

Electric Welding equipment Las's plane diitinjau of secretory current type, las's plane is grouped as follows: las's plane alternating current (AC)

 las's plane direct current (DC) las's plane alternating current and unidirectional (AC DC)

Image. 3

Las's accessoiles 1 ) Las's cable

Image. 4

Usually at makes from copper that is chosen and packaged by insulation rubber. 2 ) Electrode owner

Image. 5

Consisting of nipper and grapple mouth that packaged with insulating material and insulator. While is finished braze a part grapple that don't berhubungang with cable is hung on fiber or wood. 3 ) Las's mallet

Image. 6

Utilized to take down terak las on las's band by way of pounds or inscribing on las's region. 4 ) Brush Wiring / Armor

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Armor brush is utilized to clear job object that dilas will and clear terak already takes down from las's band. 5 ) Mass clamp

Image. 8

Which is a tool to link term cable to job object. Usually made from material good electricity penghantar. Job object surface that will nip to have is cleared beforehand that electric current gets is adrift with every consideration. 6 ) Nipper (forceps)

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In function to hold, move or lifts job object upon stills heat. Working safety outfit 7 ) Las /'s crash helmet Las's Mask

las's mask functions to protect face skin of ultraviolet light and infar tingles. Generally las's glass purpose is as follows:

Image. 10

8 ) Glove

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Made from skin or asbestos softing to makes easy to hold electrode. While braze has to utilize that glove most dodge of kesetrum's fire and danger spatter. 9 ) Las / Apron's cloth

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Usually made from skin or functioning soft asbestos to protect body of infra's fire and light spatter tingles. 10) Las's shoe

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las's shoe functions as shielding of foot of firework and danger spray strike to sting electricity. Usually made from insulant / material that is not easily deliver listri's current

11)

Las's room

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Made from functioning fireproof material to protect person at surrounding in order not to teganggu by las light. Electrode 12) Electrode gets membrane selapit's table ranging electrode among 10 50 % of electrode diameters. Diameter standard gauge wires fundamental be 1,5 7 mm with longing among 350 450 mm. Upon pengelasan this membrane will molten and results CO's gas
2

one that protect las's liquid, lisrik's bow and job object to air extern. Electrode classification Soft armor electrode and paduan's armor contemns to terminological

13)

AWS'S classification (America Welding Societ) declared for by sign e xxxx with the meaning: E declares for electrode xx (two numbers) after e declare for las's deposit tensile strength in thousands lb / inchi 2 (see this following table) AWS'S terminological tensile strength Classification E 60 xx E 70 xx E 80 xx E 90 xx E 100 xx E 110 xx E 120 xx Tensile strength lb / inchi 2 60. 000,70. 000,80. 000,90. 000,100. 000,110. 000,120. 000,Kg / mm 2 42 49 56 63 70 77 84

x (drd number) declaring for pengelasan's position Number 1 for pengelasan all position. Number 2 for pengelasan position levels off and down hand. x (fourth number) declaring for membrane type and current type would be convenient for pengelasan (table see) Fourth number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Membrane type Cellulose Sodium Cellulose Potassium Rutil Sodium Rutil Potassium Rutil Iron powder Sodium Hydrogen Contemns Potassium Hydrogen Contemns Iron powder Iron Oxide Besu's powder Hydrogen Contemns Current using up DC + AC, DC + AC, DC AC, DC + or AC, DC + or AC, DC + AC, DC + AC, DC + or AC, DC +

Its example: E 6013 Its mean: Minimum tensile strength of deposit las is 60.000 lb / inchi or 42 kg / mm 2 Can be used for pengelasan all position

Electrode membrane type rutill potassium and pngelasa with current AC or DC + or DC 2.3 Pengelasan's procedure 1 ) Choose Big Electric Current Its outgrows current electric cling to diameter measure and las's electrode kind. In a general way dipilh middle ampere, its example for electrode E. 6010 Min's amperes and Maxs is 80 120 amperes so in this case be chosen 100 amperes. If current too low will cause sukarnya bow enkindling and unstable electricity bow. Happening heat inadequate for melelehkan electrode and las's raw product so path little, scraggly and shallow penetration. If outsize current therefore electrode will molten untimely and las's surface more broad and deep penetration. 2 ) Trick Turns On Bow a. If las AC's plane, bow enkindling is done with inscribe electrode on job object.

Image. 15

b. If las's plane DC's current, bow enkindling can be done by menyentuhkan electrode to job object.

Image. 16

Bows elongated influence to usufruct las

If correct bow length (L=D), therefore electrode liquid will be adrift and precipitating properly.

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Rigi rigi las is ground and well las's c.c. well Conjugate with bahandasar well teraknya's spatter fine

If over-long bow (L>D), therefore evoked part which gets boal's forms of electrode liquids.

Image. 18

Rigi rigi las is crude las's c.c. shallow teraknya's spatter crude and sticking out of las's band

If bow too short, will suakr pet it and can happen electrode tip coagulation on pengelasan.

Image. 19

Rigi rigi las is not merata and little las's c.c. over deep teraknya's spatter crude and spherical

3 ) Electrode movement Move electrode while pengelasan available two kinds which is: a. Downwards tenor movement along electrode punk This movement is done to space that electricity bow is unchanged influential one on tries a fall las. b. Electrode oscillation movement This was required to manage las's band broad that is wanted. Electrode oscillation form is shown on following image:

Image. 20

Electrode speed influence on yielding las

If electrode at slowings over movement, therefore band las will stronger and broad but will evoke las's flank damage especially if job object wins by a nose.

Image. 21

If speeding movement, lasnya's c.c. shallow because reducing it warm-up time and its reducing time for liquid electrode penetrates raw product.

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If correct electrode movement, conjugate region with lasnya's raw product and c.c. will good appear and heavy duty.

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4 ) Las's preparation form Between las's thread, there is that memrlukan or flank workmanship that dilas will by ground, sculptured or by las cuts. las's preparation forms that for example:

Image. 24

Image. 25

5 ) Pengelasan's position pengelasan's position there is 4 kinds, which is: 1. Monotonic position / flat (down hand) 2. horizontal's position 3. vertical's position 4. overhead's position (on head)

Image. 26

6 ) Transformation Upon pengelasan job object will experience heat that don't merata. Big heat happening on las's region and becoming menurun on bagaian who restrains from las. Accordingly object will experience transformation. Thin plate that will make las's band, its surface is straight, but dilas's afters and is iced will curve. Becoming a lot of band was made by makinbesar its curvature. Pictured looking at hereunder:

Image. 27

To reduce curvature Move las accelerated Labour heat as little as maybe

Image. 28

To reduce shift Made by las notes or second distance nurginal ruled becoming big at the early flank. If two clefts dilas's plates corner of, therefore angle which is flanked foot second job object will get less than 90 o . Becoming a lot of coat is made, becoming its angle little. To reduce angle minimizing

On dilas's the other angle or las's speed is enlarged If two plates dilas with kampuh v, therefore thread don't in one straight line. Becoming a lot of las's coat, becoming big transformation. Effort to reduce this change is by manage both of plate before dilas as pictured as hereunder.

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2.4

Working safety vberdo a. before begins work vInsulate perfect ala all a part electric current-carryings that may get to touch by a. vUse las's mask, glove, apron and las's shoe and the other working safety equipment. vDoes pengelasan at in fireresistant las room. vOn the ball for danger to spatter damps down and electric current sting. vManage to outgrow its electric current corresponds to electrode and its material thick that origin result nots las wrecks. vDoes pengelasan las note preceding trlebih on the two raw product tip that will be tacked on that unchanged job object position. vUse nipper / heat forceps upon move job object one time does pengelasan. vOn the ball for spatter to damp down terak las upon hits terak by hammers vEver be cautious and concentration up to pekerjan happens.

III. CHAPTER PRACTICING PERFORMING

3.1

Preparation Practicing preparation that shall be done for example covers unlimbering, tool preparation and job object and equipment preparation helps las. Between that spadework for example: Study every job sheet's ply that will be worked with every consideration and play by play Notice good working safety that concerns to tool employ and also job object. Study and follow each road map or langakah is job that is given Ask for information about things which was apprehended Study all las listik's workmanship procedure with accurate. After the whole lot ready, new does process pengelasan to job object.

3.2

Material and equipment Raw product that is utilized on electrics welding practicing performing that is armor plate with thickness on chapter II. point 2.2 3 mm and equipment that is used is as tertera's one

3.3

Pengelasan /'s process Active Stroke Job Sheet's active stroke 1 Making path as much 6 numbers daam sebauh palt that fairish 105 x 95 mm and spaced 15 mm. Make ready equipment and material who that dilas will Start up sakalar pane and switch on las's plane that corresponds to diameter and plate thick that dilas will. Ensure mass clamp is in a bind on las's table and most link on job object that dilas will. Assemble electrode on stang las by turns around stang's head and inserts electrode to its hole and key it that back its electrode is in a bind

Image. 30

Does pengelasan by make path according to image on job sheet 1 Electrode movement determinative that is utilized for example form zigzags, string form, trapezium or circling. To get yan's result better therefore distance among electrode second with surface job object is managed as big as electrode diameter. On the ball with light was evoked by electric welding because can wreck eye and skin Utilize terak's mallet and nipper forceps to come to pieces terak from pengelasan Clear job object surface that dilas.

CHAPTER IV. CLOSING

4.1 Conclusion Of former chapter description and practice performing that writer do therefore get to be gleaned from: Electric welding which is, prosese pengelasan who utilize electricity current as source of hot producer with electrode as material as plus. To do a workshop work as working practice of our electric welding needs to know basics and gaining control what do concern at in its regubrly notice working safety up to perform practice at workshop. To avoid job accident danger that meaning, bai's working safety equipment that concerns employ, las's equipment, and job object shall ever accentuate its using up.

To get good las result affecting big it current, move and electrode oscillation speed so ascendant. 4.2 Tipses In Electric Welding Working Practice performing, better: Advisable practicing material not only one bounds of training work just but more aims to process something makings that valuably economic. Beforehand counsellor lecturer give pengelasan's practice example will know must step what does have to be done aright. Practicing execution time to be added / is increased namely not only two-time meet deep sati semester, that college student quite a can and have membership.

LITERATURE
Daryanto, Drs. 1992. Workshop instrument. Publisher: PT Builds Letter Of The Alphabet, Jakarta. diktat STM is Country. Electric Welding thread and Las Asetilin. Publisher: STM is Country, Banjarmasin P e d. c Bandung. 1987. Semester Workshop tech 1 Machine Majors Programs etc.. Penddikab=n's Department publisher and General directorate culture Higher Education centers Technician Education Development, Bandung.