What is a chip rate of WCDMA System? How much is the bandwidth required for WCDMA?

3840 Kc/s. FDD 5 MHZ of paired band. TDD 5 MHz only.

What is the minimum number of bins required for a certain propagation model?
The more bins the more likely to come up with a good model. Usually a minimum of 2,000 bines is considered acceptable, but sometimes as low as 500 bins may be accepted.

What is the minimum and maximum SF in Downlink and uplink for FDD Mode?
Minimum of 4 and maximum of 512 chips in downlink Minimum of 4 and maximum of 256 chips in uplink

What is the usage of scrambling code in WCDMA for both downlink and uplink?
In the downlink scrambling codes are used to reduce the inter-basestation interference. In the uplink scrambling codes are used to separate the terminals

How many scrambling code groups are there for downlink?

There are 64 code groups, each group has 8 scrambling codes

How many slots are there in a WCDMA Frame? How big is a frame in ms. how many chips are there in a slot?
WCDMA Frame is 15 slots wide. It is 10ms in length. There are 2560 chips in one slot. Chip rate is 3840 Kc/s Length of frame = 10 ms Number of chips in a frame = 3840 *10=38400 chips Number of chips in a slot = 38400/15= 2560 chips.

According to GSM recommendations, there is a delay equal to 3 time slots (=1.73 usec) in between uplink & downlink why ?
According to GSM recommendations, there is a delay equal to 3 time slots (=1.73 usec) in between uplink & downlink because of the following facts:-

If MS receives & transmit simultaneously, it will chew up the battery of the MS. The delay of 3 time slot is sufficient enough to detune itself from the downlink frequency & tune to the uplink frequency. The difference of 3 time slot in between receiving & transmission is used to process the normal burst that is just received i.e. the process of Adaptive Equalization. The difference of 3 time slot in between receiving & transmission is used to perform measurement, process & store result.

What is UMTS chip rate?

3.84Mcps

What is Paging Success Ratio? What is the typical PSR that you have seen in a UMTS network?
PSR Paging Responses to the Paging Attempts About 90%

What is Soft Handover Overhead? What is the typical value in UMTS network?
Soft Handover Overhead is calculated in two ways. 1) Average Active Set Size Total Traffic / Primary Traffic. 2) Secondary / Total Traffic Typical Values are like 1.7 (Avg Active Set Size) or 35% (Secondary / Total )

What will happen to the Soft Handover Overhead when you apply OCNS on the network? And Why?
With OCNS, the interference (load) increases. This leads to reduction in Ec/Io of a Pilot, which reduces the pilot spillovers. Reduction in Pilot Spillover will reduce the Soft Handover Overhead.

What will be the impact when you change reportingrange1a from 3 to 4 dB and timetotrigger1a 100 to 320 ms, without changing any other parameters?
Reduction in number of Event1a Delayed Event1a trigger Reduction in Average Active Set Size Delay in Event1a could increase DL interference, which could lead to a drop call or increase in Average Power Per User (reduction in cell capacity)

there any interface from UMTS core network to other mobile networks?
UMTS specifications do not have any special interface planned for other mobile networks, but all telephone networks can be connected to UMTS core network with standard S7 (or other) signalling system using E1s or T1s. Than enables voice calls to be made to all other telephone networks. If other networks support additional services like "call forwarding", "calling line identity", fax, slow-speed data ect, technically that is possible to implement this between networks. All telephone networks are designed to work with each other and UMTS networks will use standard interfaces towards all other networks. S7 and IP (internet protocol) will be the most commonly used interfaces standard, but all UMTS vendors can offer tens of different countryspecific interface protocols if required.

there a transition period between UMTS and the present system?

There will probably not be a "transition" period in that sense, because GSM systems will keep on operating at least next ten years. (some old 1G networks are still running round the world). Only limitations for operators are the GSM license terms and customer preferences. UMTS networks will just be added to mobile landscape.

Suppose we are designing a CS network and a PS network, is there a major difference in the design consideration?
Server dominance is the key difference. In a CS network we shall limit the number of strong servers in any given area to no more than the active set size to avoid pilot pollution (in the downlink). In a PS network, however, there isnt soft handover in the downlink so the server dominance is very important meaning ideally there should be only one dominant server in a given area.

Suppose I have a maximum path-loss of 130dBm, what is the new path-loss if a 5dB body loss is added?
The new path loss wil be 125 dB

what are the major components in calculating maximum path loss, starting from NodeB?
FOR Downlink

NodeB CPICH transmit power. Jumper and feeder connector loss. Antenna gain. Over-the-air loss. Building / vehicle penetration loss.

Body loss.

what is the practical maximum speed for downloading and uploading in 3g

In WCDMA HSPA+ the maximum speed theoretically possible is 84 Mbps downlink and 5.8 Mbps in Uplink, But offcourse this is not practically acheived unless in lab enviorenment

What is the typical Call Setup Time for a 3G UE to 3G UE Call? What are the possible RF related causes for a delayed CST in this type of call?
6 to 9 seconds Multiple RRC Attempts (UE is on poor coverage need more than Access Attempt) Delayed Page Responses High Load on Paging and/or Access Channel Paging / Access Parameters

What is the differance between TMA and TMB used at cell site?

At first TMA is used to improve uplink gain at the cell site. On the other hand,TMB uses the booster amplifiers in the downlink path which equally increase the EIRP of the antenna & there-by complement the improved uplink resulting in a balanced coverage in a cell.

How does TMA work?

A TMA reduces system noise, improves uplink sensitivity and leads to longer UE battery life. Sensitivity is the minimum input power needed to get a suitable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output of the receiver. It is determined by receiver noise figure, thermo noise power and required SNR. Thermo noise power is determined by bandwidth and temperature, SNR is determined by modulation technique, therefore the only variable is noise figure. The cascading noise figure can be calculated by Friis equation (Herald Friis): NFt = NF1 + (NF2-1)/G1 + (NF3-1)/(G1*G2) + + (NFi1)/(G1*G2**Gi) As the equation shows, the first block imposes the minimum and the most prominent noise figure on the system, and the following blocks imposes less and less impact to the system provided the gains are positive. Linear passive devices have noise figure equal to their loss. A TMA typically has a gain of 12dB. There are typically top jumper, main feeder and a bottom jumper between antenna and BTS. A TMA placed near antenna with a short jumper from antenna provides the best noise figure improvement the noise figure will be restricted to the top jumper loss (NF1) and TMA ((NF2-1)/G1), and the remaining blocks (main feeder and bottom jumper) have little effect. To summarize, a TMA has a gain thats close to feeder loss.

What is Double power transceiver (DPTRX) and in which BTS it can be used?
Double Power TRX and 2-way uplink diversity-Double Power TRX is a licensed capacity application software product. The license filemust be installed in the BSC prior to site activation.Double Power TRX (DPTRX) doubles the TRX output power by synchronisously combining the two transmitters of the Dual TRX. The Double Power TRX has a single TRX capacity. The solution can be supported with one Dual TRX module and two antennas/sector (TX/RX and RX): one TX antenna for the Double Power TRX in downlink direction, andtwo RX antennas for 2-way uplink diversity. Double Power TRX increases the BTS TX output power typically by 2.5 dB, and 2-way uplink diversity with MHA improves the uplink performance. Double Power TRX and 4-way uplink diversity-For even a bigger improvement in uplink and coverage, the Double Power TRX(DPTRX) can be implemented with 4-way uplink diversity. It requires two Sector modules per sector. This solution requires four antennas: one for transmit/receive and three for receive. The Double Power TRX with 4-way uplink diversity increases the coverage area by up to 40%, significantly reducing the number of sites needed.

How many Subscribers supported by a LTE site?

Step1 Step2 Step3 L Cell Average Capacity:a=34.344 Mbps/cell esigned DL CEll Loading:b=50% CEll loading assumed esigned DL CEll Capacity:c=axb=17.127Mbps

Step4 eak to Average Ratio:d=20% Step5:Average DL BH Throughput/sub.:e=20kbps Step6 Step7 ector number per site:f=3 ubscribers supported in a site:g=c * f / (1+d)/e = 2140 subscribers

2140 subscribers are supported by a LTE site.

What are the Radio Frame Structures Supported by LTE?

LTE Radio Frame:

Air Interface For 3G LTE. Manage the different types of information that needs to be carried between the eNodeB and the User Equipment. The frame structures for LTE differ between the Time Division Duplex, TDD and the Frequency Division Duplex, FDD Two adjacent slots constitute a sub-frame of length 1 ms There are two types of LTE frame structure: o Type 1: used for the LTE FDD mode systems. o Type 2: used for the LTE TDD systems.

What is LTE Capacity Dimensioning?

LTE Capacity Dimensioning

Explain the process for Number of eNodeB required in LTE Networks?

Number of eNodeB Urban Area (Trisector) total area =242.928 km,Radius(L)=5.07 km N(eNodeB)=242.928/5.07 N(eNodeB)=48

What is eNodeB Capacity?

eNodeB Capacity Peak Bit Rate(Mbps)=bit per Hz x N subcarriers x N symbol per subframe in 1ms
Modulation QPSK 2.016 Mbps 5.04 Mbps 8.4 Mbps 16.8 Mbps 25.2 Mbps 33.6 Mbps 16 QAM 4.032 Mbps 10.08 Mbps 16.8 Mbps 33.6 Mbps 50.4 Mbps 67.2 Mbps 64 QAM 6.048 Mbps 15.12 Mbps 25.2 Mbps 50.4 Mbps 75.6 Mbps 100.8 Mbps

Bandwidth (MHz) 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

eNodeB Capacity Peak Bit Rate(Mbps)=bit per Hz x N subcarriers x N symbol per subframe in 1ms
Modulation QPSK 2.016 Mbps 5.04 Mbps 8.4 Mbps 16.8 Mbps 25.2 Mbps 33.6 Mbps 16 QAM 4.032 Mbps 10.08 Mbps 16.8 Mbps 33.6 Mbps 50.4 Mbps 67.2 Mbps 64 QAM 6.048 Mbps 15.12 Mbps 25.2 Mbps 50.4 Mbps 75.6 Mbps 100.8 Mbps

Bandwidth (MHz) 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

eNodeB Capacity Peak Bit Rate(Mbps)=bit per Hz x N subcarriers x N symbol per subframe in 1ms
Modulation QPSK 2.016 Mbps 5.04 Mbps 8.4 Mbps 16.8 Mbps 25.2 Mbps 33.6 Mbps 16 QAM 4.032 Mbps 10.08 Mbps 16.8 Mbps 33.6 Mbps 50.4 Mbps 67.2 Mbps 64 QAM 6.048 Mbps 15.12 Mbps 25.2 Mbps 50.4 Mbps 75.6 Mbps 100.8 Mbps

Bandwidth (MHz) 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

whats difference b/w video download and video streaming

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Streaming is playing audio/video content in real time through the Internet. This does not eat up any space on your computer's hard drive. A fast Internet connection is required to view the videos at its clearest because the video quality is dependent on the speed of your connection. If you experience frequent pauses or buffering on your viewing or if you're not satisfied with the quality, consider downloading the clip (if possible). Downloading is transferring data from a server into your own computer. You need to have sufficient hard drive space to be able to save the content. Although downloading may take some time, the advantages are that you can watch the content anytime since it's already saved in your computer and you don't need to be connected to the Internet to watch the video. The video will also be of higher quality with no interruptions upon playback

whats the difference b/w wi-fi and wi-max

between Wi-Fi & Wimax:

what is difference b/w hspa and wcdma technology

High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is a amalgamation of two new generation mobile telephony protocols: - High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA). The term HSPA is commonly used to refer to UMTS based Vodafone 3G networks that support both HSDPA and HSUPA data for improved download and upload speeds. It can support speeds upto 21 Mbps & also reduces latency, Handsets, USB dongle & data cards are available with HSPA technology support WCDMA is a 3G technology that supports only low 3G speeds, a max of 384 Kpbs in a good coverage area, WCDMA devices provide a poor experience on the speeds as compared to what 3G can actually deliver with HSPA devices.

Why always we need to establish ALCAP? Why we always send ALCAP EST REQ msg in every call flow and in between RNC-MSC & NODE-B--RNC?
ALCAP(Access link control application part) is use to establish transport layer (AAL2) signaling connection in the network side.So data can pass through this transpot layer signaling connection between two nodes.

What is the Chanelization code used for PCPICH (PILOT CHANNEL)? Answer: - C ch(256,0)
C ch(256,0) is the channelization code used for PCPICH (Pilot Channel).

What FIXED SF is used for HSDPA?

SF 16, maximum of 5 codes.

What is Eb/No requirement for HSDPA?

The Eb/No requirement for HSDPA varies with user bit rate (data rate), typically 2 for 768kbps and 5 for 2Mbps.

What is the CPCIH RSCP value in 3G Drive Test?

The CPICH RSCP (Received Signal CodePower) is the received power on one code measured on CPICH.From the 3GPP TS25.133, the reporting range is for CPICH RSCP is from 115dBm to -25 dBm. As a rule of thumb, one can say (for dense urban): -108dBmCPICH RSCP < -105dBm Uncertain CS64 coverage on unloaded network -105dBmCPICH RSCP < -98dBm Uncertain CS64 coverage on 50%UL-loaded network -98dBmCPICH RSCP < -85dBm CS64 coverage on 50%UL-loaded network for outdoors -85dBmCPICH RSCP < -70dBm CS64 coverage on 50%UL-loaded network for in-car -70dBmCPICH RSCP < -62dBm CS64 coverage on 50%UL-loaded network for indoor daylight -62dBmCPICH RSCP CS64 coverage on 50%UL-loaded network for indoor first-wal

Can we assign same scrambling codes to sister sectors (sectors on same site)?
No, because scrambling code on the downlink is used for cell identity. As a requirement, scrambling codes have to maintain a safe separation to avoid interference.

Why is Eb/No requirement lower for PS than for CS?

PS has a better error correction capability and can utilize retransmission, therefore it can afford to a lower Eb/No. CS is real-time and cannot tolerate delay so it needs a higher Eb/No to maintain a stronger RF link.

Determine maximum number of users on a cell?

To calculate the maximum number of users (M) on a cell, we need to know: W: chip rate (for UMTS 3,840,000 chips per second) EbNo: Eb/No requirement (assuming 3dB for CS-12.2k) i: other-cell to in-cell interference ratio (assuming 60%) R: user data rate (assuming 12,200 kbps for CS-12.2k) : loading factor (assuming 50%) Take 12.2kbps as example: M = W / (EbNo * (1 + i) * R) * = 3,840,000 (3 * (1 + 0.6) * 12,200) * 0.5 = 32.8 The number of users could also be hard-limited by OVSF code space. Take CS12.2k for example:

A CS-12.2k bearer needs 1 SF128 code. Total available codes for CS-12.2k = 128 2 (1 SF64) 2 (4 SF256) = 124. Consider soft-handover factor of 1.8 and loading factor of 50%: 124 / 1.8 *.05 = 34 uers/cell.