Proctors compaction test to determine the optimum moisture content 8 22. A.

(i) What are the factors affecting road alignment ? 4 (ii) Explain with neat sketch the construction of water bound macadam road 8 OR B. (i) Write short notes on retaining wall and breast wall 4 (ii) Explain with neat sketches the different methods of construction of 8 concrete roads 23. A. (i) What are the advantages of uniformity in gauges ? 4 (ii) What are the functions and requirements of good ballast materials ? 8 OR B. (i) Explain the different types of rail joints 4 (ii) Explain how the maintenance of railway track is carried out 8 24. A. (i) State the purposes of railway stations . 4 (ii) Define switches . Explain the different types of switches with neat sketches 8. OR B. (i) Write short notes on absolute block system of controlling the movement of trains? (ii) Explain with neat sketches the tappets and locks system of interlocking 8 25. A. (i) What are the factors to be considered in the alignment of bridges ? 4 (ii) What are causeways ? Explain with neat sketches any two types of causeways 8 OR B. (i) State the functions of bearings used in bridges ? 4 (ii) Write short notes on balanced cantilever bridges and suspension bridges?8

CONTENTS

1. TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Model Question Paper I Model Question Paper II Model Question Paper III 2. ESTIMATING AND COSTING I Model Question Paper I Model Question Paper II 3. THEORY OF STRUCTURES Model Question Paper I Model Question Paper II 4. SURVEYING II Model Question Paper I Model Question Paper II

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING, ESTIMATING AND COSTING I, THEORY OF STRUCTURES AND SURVEYING II .

by
Mr.G.SENTHIL KUMAR M.E., M.I.S.T.E., HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGG., ARUNAI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, THIRUVANNAMALAI.

Copies can be had from

CTC
______________________ CIVIL TRAINING CENTRE Off: Sri Sai Nilayam, 10/17 A Gandhi Nagar 3 rd Street, (Opp. to Parasuram Temple) Thiruvannamalai-606 601 Mobile:9500388852,9655749904 Email Id:ctcentre2012@gmail.com

Price -Rs.150

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING MODEL QUESTION PAPER 1 Time : 3 Hrs Max Marks : 75 PART- A
Marks 15 x 1 = 15 Note : Answer any 15 Questions. All Questions carry equal marks 1 What is Nagpur plan ? 2 Define Super elevation 3 Define Plastic limit 4 State any two advantages of highway lighting 5 What do you mean by Reconnaissance survey ? 6 What do you mean by surface dressing bituminous road ? 7 What is hair pin bend ? 8 Define Gauges 9 What do you meant by creep of rails ? 10 State any two functions of sleepers 11 State the use of fish plates 12 Define Marshalling yard 13 What is the use of turn table ? 14 State any two objects of signaling 15 State the principles of interlocking 16 Define Economic span 17 What is copper dam? 18 What are the different types of wing walls 19 What are the functions of Bearing? 20 What is soil stabilization? PART- B Marks 5 x 12 = 60 Note : i) Answer all Questions choosing either division (A) or division (B) of each question. ii) All divisions carry equal marks. 21. A.) (i) What are the requirements of an ideal road ?. 4 (ii) What is sight distance ? Explain any two types of sight distances 8 with neat sketches OR B. (i) What are the objects of road arboriculture ? 4 (ii) What is optimum moisture content ? Explain with neat sketches the
3

22 b i. Explain method of construction of water Bound macadam road with sketch (6) iiWhat are the points to beconsidered while aligning a Hill road? (6) 23 a i. What is meant by plate laying? Explain any two methods of plate laying (6) ii.What are the characteristics of good Ballest material (6) OR 23. b i. What is meant by creep? List out its causes and effect. ii. Describe with sketches, the different types of rails? 24 a i What is meant by Turn out? Explain component parts of left hand turnout with sketch (6) ii.Explain in detail the types of stations based on their functional utility? (6) OR 24 b ii.List out the methods used for the control of movements of trains. Explain any one. (4) 25 a i.What are the points to be considered for site selection and alignment of bridges? (6) 25 a ii.What are causeway is? List out three classifications of causeways and explain any one in details (6) OR 25 b i.With neat sketches explain the Browstring girder bridge(6) 25 b ii.What are the functions of foundation? What are the factos to be considered in the selection of foundation for a bridge? (6)

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING MODEL QUESTION PAPER - 2 Time : 3 Hrs Max Marks : 75 PART- A
Marks 15 x 1 = 15 Note : Answer any 15 Questions. All Questions carry equal marks 1 State IRC classifications of road. 2 What is transition curve ? 3 Define : Liquid limit 4 What do you meant by road arboriculture ? 5 What is the purpose of grader ? 6 State the materials used for WBM road ? 7 Define : Coal tar 8 Define : Breast wall 9 What are the different classifications of gauges ? 10 What do you meant by coning of wheels ? 11 Define : Sleeper density 12 What are the different types of rail joints ? 13 Define : Level crossings 14 What is the use Fouling marks ? 15 What do you meant by turnouts ? 16 State the principles of interlocking 17 Define : Scour 18 State any two functions of foundations ? 19 What are causeways ? 20 State the importance of bearings in bridges PART- B Note :

Marks 5 x 12 = 60

i) Answer all Questions choosing either division (A) or division (B) of each question. ii) All divisions carry equal marks. 21A.) (i) What is Ribbon development? State the effects of Ribbon development 4 (ii) What is gradient? Explain the different types of gradient 8 OR B What is road accident ? What are the causes of road accident ? Explain the preventive measures for the road accident
5

22. A (i) Write short notes on preliminary survey in a road project ? 4 (ii) Explain with a neat sketch the different methods of construction of gravel road OR B (i) What are the factors to be considered in the alignment of hill roads ? 4 (ii) Explain with neat sketches the different types of surface dressing bituminous road 8 23. A What are the functions and requirements of good sleepers ? OR B. (i) State the necessities for the maintenance of railway track 4 (ii) Explain how the telescopic method of plate laying is carried out ? 8 24. A. (i) Write short notes on examination pits and drop pits ? 4 (ii) Draw a neat sketch of left-hand turnout and name the various parts on it 8 .OR B. (i) What are the objects of signalling ? 4 b)ii ) Explain with neat sketches the tappets and lock system of interlocking.8 25. A. (i) Explain how the ground water is controlled during construction of foundation ? 4 (ii ) What is cofferdam ? Explain with neat sketches the different types of Cofferdams OR B. (i) State Define : Abutment . State the different types of abutment 4 (ii) Explain with neat sketches the different types of bridges according to its Superstructure.

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING MODEL QUESTION PAPER 3 Time : 3 Hrs Max Marks : 75 PART- A
Marks 15 x 1 = 15 Note : Answer any 15 Questions. All Questions carry equal marks 1.What is super elevation? 2.Distinguish between Road camber and Road Gradience 3.Write down types of Road Rollers 4.What is called cross drainage of Hill rocks? 5.What do you mean by soil compaction? 6.Define Atterberg limits? 7.Define surface Dnssing? 8.What is called Highway Realignment project? 9.Write any two functions of Ballast? 10.What is turn tabue? 11.What are the two methods of laying sleepers for points and omissings? 12.State the Principles of Inter locking? 13.What is meant by wear of Rail? 14.Write any two advantages of welding of rail? 15.Write types of crossings? 16. Write down the functions Goods yards? 17.Define causeway ? 18.What do you mean by scour? 19.Write types of foundation? 20.Write uses of piers:PART B 21.a.Explain standard proctor compaction test to determine moisture-Density relationship of soils (12) OR 21. b i.Draw a cross section of road structure and mention its compenent parts (4) ii. What are the causes of road accidents and mention the methods prevention of accidents in roads? (8) 22 a i.Explain various stages involved in a highway project? 22 a ii. Explain the different operations involved in the construction of cement concrete road?
7

25. (A) Take the quantity of brick work in foundation and basement for the residential building shown in (Sketch 2) using Group system OR (B) Take the quantities of works in the parapet of the residential building shown in Sketch 2 using Group system. (Sketch 2) A plan and section of a small office building with flat RCC roof). SKETCH 1

12

ESTIMATING AND COSTING I MODEL QUESTION PAPER - 1 Time : 3 Hrs Max Marks : 75 PART- A
Marks 15 x 1 = 15 Note : Answer any 15 Questions. All Questions carry equal marks 1. Differentiate Group system and Trade system in quantity surveying. 2. What do you mean by Contingency provision?. 3. What is the purpose of preparing Preliminary estimate for a project? 4. Define the term Carpet area of a building. 5. What do you mean by mean area of a bund? 6. Write the trapezoidal rule used to calculate the area of an irregular field. 7. Differentiate level section and two level section. 8. In which practical case you come across a section with partial cutting and partial embankment? 9. State the use of standard data book in the analysis of rates. 10. What is meant by lead cost? 11. Why sundries provision is provided in the analysis of rates? 12. How could the rates arrived for items of works not mentioned in the standard data book? 13. Define abstract estimate 14. How the quantities are to be rounded off? 15. What do you mean by individual wall method of taking off quantities? 16. State the unit of work Pointing of stone masonry with cement mortar. 17. Write any two advantages of Group system of estimating quantities. 18. What do you mean by casting and reducing the abstract? 19. How the dimensions are squared? 20. State how the entered dimensions are cancelled ? PART- B Marks 5 x 12 = 60 Note : i) Answer all Questions choosing either division (A) or division (B) of each question. ii) All divisions carry equal marks. 21. (A) The particulars of a proposed residential building are given below:Carpet area = 216 m2 Circulation area = 12% of Plinth area Non-livable area = 6% of Plinth area Wall area = 10% of Plinth area The total expenditure of
9

a recently constructed similar residential building of plinth area 350m2 is .49,00,000. Calculate the approximate cost of the proposed building. OR (B)(i) List out the duties and requirements of a good quantity surveyor. (ii) A brick masonry wall of 200m2 area has to be plastered with 12mm thick 1:4 cement mortar. Allowing 15% excess mortar for wastage and undulations in the surface, calculate the quantities of cement(in kg) and sand (in m3) required for the work. 22. (A) (i) Explain mid ordinate rule and end ordinate rule used for calculating the area of irregular shape. (ii)The offsets measured to the curved boundary of a land from a straight chain line are given below. Compute the area enclosed by the boundary and the chain line by trapezoidal and Simpsons rules. Chainage (m) 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 Offsets (m) 0 2.4 3.7 5.4 8.2 6.9 5.7 3.1 0 OR (B) It is proposed to cut a drain of 1 km length with a uniform base width of 5m. The depth of cutting will be 3.0m at the starting point, 4.2m at the mid length and 5.0m at the end point. The sides have slopes of 2:1 on left side and 1:1 on the right side. Compute the volume of earth work in cutting using Prismoidal formula. 23. (A) Analyze and determine the rates for the following items of work with the given data. Flooring with 100mm thick base concrete using 40 mm size broken stone in cement mortar 1:4 and finished with 20mm thick ellis pattern cement concrete surface - 1 m2 OR (B) (i) Flush pointing R R masonry with cement mortar 1:4 1m2. (ii) Supplying and fixing 100mm dia rain water pipes 1m. Material and Labour requirement: Cement concrete base with 40mm broken stone in CM1:4 10m3 40 mm broken stone 9.5 m3 Cement mortar 1:4 3.8 m3 Mason Category II 1.8 No. Mazdoor Category I 17.7 No. Mazdoor Category II 14.1 No. Flooring with 100mm thick base concrete using 40mm size broken stone in CM1:4 and finishing with 20mm thick ellis pattern cement concrete surface- 10m2
10

Cement concrete base 1 m3 Stone chips 0.24 m3 Cement 117 kg Mason Category I 0.50 No. Mazdoor Category I 1.10 No. Mazdoor Category II 4.30 No. Labour for tamping base concrete course Rs.400 per 10m2 Labour for fishing the floor work Rs.450 per 10m2 Flush pointing R R masonry with cement mortar 1:4 10m2. Cement mortar 1:4 0.09 m3 Mason Category II 1.6 No. Mazdoor Category I 0.5 No Mazdoor Category II 1.1 No. Supplying and fixing 100mm dia rain water pipes 3m A.C pipe 100 dia 3 m M.S clamp 2 No. T.W plugs 4 No. Plumber 1 No Cement Packing LS Cost of materials and lead particulars: Material Unit Cost Lead Rate for Handling ( Rs) (kM) Lead/kM(Rs) charges(Rs) Cement 50 kg 280.00 4 2.00 5.00 Sand 1m3 250.00 30 20.00 60.00 Broken stone(40mm) 1m3 380.00 20 18.00 40.00 Stone chips 1m3 520.00 20 18.00 40.00 A.C pipe 100mm dia 1m 65.00 4 3.00 5.00 M.S clamp 1No 16.00 -- -- -T.W plugs 1No 3.00 -- -- -Cost of Labour: Mason Category I Rs.550.00 per day Mason Category II Rs.500.00 per day Plumber Rs.550.00 per day Mazdoor Category I Rs.400.00 per day Mazdoor Category II Rs.275.00 per day Mixing charge for mortar Rs.200 / m3 24. (A) Take the quantity of earth work in foundation for the residential building shown in (Sketch 1) by Centre line method using Trade system OR (B) Take the quantity of R.C.C in the sloped roof for the residential building shown in Sketch 1 using Trade system (Sketch 1) A plan and section of a small residential building with sloped RCC roof.) 11

24. a To find quantity of work in damp proofing. For sketch-1 OR 24.b Flooring with cement concrete 1:5:10 100mm thick for sketch-I

25.a For figure-II to find the quantity of special ceiling plastering in CM 1:3 supplying two coat white wash for ceiling. FIGURE II

OR 25.b For figure-II to find the quantity of special brick work in CM 1:5 .

16

SKETCH 2

13

ESTIMATING AND COSTING I MODEL QUESTION PAPER - 2 Time : 3 Hrs PART- A

Marks 15 x 1 = 15 Note : Answer any 15 Questions. All Questions carry equal marks 1.Define Estimation? 2.List the type of Estimate? 3. What is lead statement? 4.Define Schedule of rate? 5. Mention the any methods to determine area of irregular figure? 6. Define prismodial rule for volume? 7. Define Simpsons rule for area? 8. Define typical bay methods: 9. Define DATA 10. Define Main Data. 11. Define SUB DATA 12. Methods of Measurements: 13. Define Trade System: 14. Define Centre line method 15. Define ABSTRACT ESTIMATE

Max Marks : 75

14

16. State the unit of work wood work in frame for paneled dorrs and glased windows 17. Define Group system 18. Define Timesing 19. Functions of ABSTRACT: 20. Define methods of writing bell: PART-B 21.a The actual expenditure increased in the construction of a flat roofed residential building having plinth area of 75m2 and height 4m is Rs.52.58 lakes. It is proposed to constant another similar building in the same locality with a plinth area of 90m2 and height 3.45m. Estimate the approximate amount required for the proposed building. Assuming the increase in the cost of materials and labour as 20%. OR 21.b.i Find out the quantity of sand and cement required for constructed for random rubble masonry in CM1:6 for 1m3 wastage for 15%. ii. Stages of Detailed estimate? 22.a The length of a narrow strips of land was found to be 6 chain length of 30 m each .The width of land , perpendicular to the chain line, was measured at the end of chain and found to be 0,20,28,30,40,22 and 6 metres respectively. Compute the area of the land by trapezoidal and Simpsons Rules ? OR 22.b. A road embankment is formed on level ground with a formation width of 9m at top and side slopes 1.5:1 on either side . It starts from ground level with on up gradient of 1:30 for 270m , continuous with on upward gradient of 1:200 for another 360m and returns to the ground level in a further length of 225m . Calculate the volume of earth work in embankment by mean area method? 23.a Analyse and determine the rates of the following items of work with the given data. OR 23.b Providing and fixing 100mm dia pipe wall level and floor including fittings-10m

15

THEORY OF STRUCTURES MODEL QUESTION PAPER 2 Time : 3 Hrs Max Marks : 75 PART- A
Marks 15 x 1 = 15 Note : Answer any 15 Questions. All Questions carry equal marks 1. Draw the deflected shapes of any two beams. 2 Write the difference between roller and hinged supports 3 Where the bending moment is maximum in a propped cantilever subjected to u.d.l throughout. 4 Define A prop 5 Define : Free BMD 6 State any two advantages of a fixed beams 7 State any four methods of analysis of Indeterminate structures 8 State Clapeyrons theorem 9 Define carry over moment 10 Define distribution factor 11 What is a symmetrical portal frame ? 12 What do mean by sway and non-sway frames ? 13 Write any two assumptions made in Eulers theory of long columns 14 Define : Strut 15 State the effects of eccentric loading 16 Define : Core or Kern of a section 17 Draw the elementary profile of a masonry dam 18 On what basis the base width of a masonry dam is determined ? 19 Define : Angle of repose of soil 20 What will be the coefficient of passive earth pressure of soil having angle of repose 30 ? PART- B Marks 5 x 12 = 60 Note : i) Answer all Questions choosing either division (A) or division (B) of each question. ii) All divisions carry equal marks. 21. A.) A cantilever beam 120mm wide and 200mm deep is 3m long. What udl should the beam can carry to produce a deflection of 8mm at the free end. Take E = 210 GN/mm2 . OR 20

THEORY OF STRUCTURES MODEL QUESTION PAPER - 1 Time : 3 Hrs Max Marks : 75 PART- A
Marks 15 x 1 = 15 Note : Answer any 15 Questions. All Questions carry equal marks 1. Define the term Slope 2. What will be the deflection at mid span of a simply supported beam carrying udl ? 3. What do you mean by indeterminate structures ? 4. What will be the BM at a prop provided at the end of a cantilever ? 5. What will be the degree of indeterminacy of a fixed beam with only vertical loads ? 6. How many points of contra flexure will be there in a fixed beam ? 7. What is meant by partially fixed end? Where you can expect partial fixity ? 8. State Clapeyrons theorem ? 9. Define carry over factor 10. Two members of same material, equal length, equal width and with same end condition meet at a joint. The depth of one member is bigger than that of other. Which member will have the larger value of distribution factor ? 11. What is meant by substitute frame ? 12. How many bays a Portal frame has ? 13. What do you mean by Critical load of a column ? 14. Define Effective length of a column 15. Differentiate direct stress and indirect stress 16. What will be the diameter of core of a circular section ? 17. Which are the main factors affecting the stability of a masonry dam ? 18. When tension is developed at the base of a dam ? 19. Which side of a retaining wall has passive earth pressure ? 20. At which point of the base the bearing pressure will be maximum in a retaining wall ?

17

PART- B Marks 5 x 12 = 60 Note : i) Answer all Questions choosing either division (A) or division (B) of each question. ii) All divisions carry equal marks. 21. A.) A cantilever beam of length 4.0 m carries an u.d.l of 12 kN/m for a distance of 2.0 m from support and a point load of 15 kN at its free end. EI=7.2x104 kN.m2. Find the slope and deflection at the free end of the beam by area-moment method. . OR B. A cantilever beam of length 4.0 m carries an u.d.l of 12 kN/m for a distance of 2.0 m from support and a point load of 15 kN at its free end. EI=7.2x104 kN.m2. Find the slope and deflection at the free end of the beam by areamoment method. . 22. A. A fixed beam of 8 m span carries an u.d.l of 20kN/m on its full length and a point load of 40 kN at 2m from its left support. Draw the SF and BM diagrams..OR B. A two span continuous beam of 4m and 6m spans are fixed at both of its extreme ends. The size of the beam is uniform in both spans. The 4m span carries an u.d.l of 24kN/m through ou tits length. The 6m span carries two point loads of 30 kN each at its one third points. Find out the support moments using theorem of three moments 23. A. A two span continuous beam ABC is fixed at support A and simply supported at support C.AB=8m; BC=4m. Span AB carries an u.d.l of 16kN/m; BC carries a central point load of 80kN. IAB= 1.5 IBC. Analyze the beam by moment distribution method and draw the BMD. OR B. Explain with neat sketches how substitute frames are assumed and analyzed in the case of multi storey buildings. 24. A. Two channel sections ISLC 300@331N/m of 5m length are placed back to back at a clear distance of 120mm and used as a column. The bottom end of the column is rigidly fixed and the top hinged. The geometrical properties of each channel are: A=4211 mm2; D=300mm; bf=100mm; tf=11.6mm; tw=6.7mm; Cy=25.5mm; Izz=60.48x106mm4; Iyy=2.46x106mm4. Find the Eulers crippling load for the column. Assuming a factor of safety 2, find the safe permissible compressive stress in the cross section. 18

OR B. A hollow rectangular cross section of a masonry pillar has the overall dimension 1600mmx1000mm. The wall thickness is 200mm. A vertical load of 600kN is resting on the pillar with eccentricities of 120mm from major axis and 80mm from minor axis. Determine the maximum and minimum stress in the cross section ignoring its self weight. 25. A. A gravity dam of trapezoidal cross section of 20m height stores water on its vertical face for 18 m height, with 2 m free board. The top and bottom widths of dam are 4m and 10m respectively. Draw the pressure distribution diagram at base. Specific weights of masonry and water are 20 kN/m3 and 10 kN/m3 respectively. OR B. A masonry retaining wall of 7.2 m height retains earth of unit weight 16 kN/m3 and angle of repose 35o up to its top. The width of wall is 1.2m at top, 1.2m at 1.0m depth and 4.2m at base. Check the wall for its stability and no tension at base. The co efficient of friction between wall and earth is 0.6. Unit weight of wall may be taken as 19 kN/m3.

19

(B) Two tangents intersect at chain age of 1190m. The intersection angle being 144. Calculate all the necessary data for setting out a curve of radius 300m by offsets from chords produced. Assume peg interval as 20m. 25. (A) i) State the various applications of Total station. (3) ii)What are the procedures for theodolite traversing by included angle method? (9) OR (B) i) Briefly explain the components of GIS. (6) ii) Briefly explain the application of GIS in Agriculture and Water resources. (6)

24

udl of 20 KN/m throughout the span. Determine the prop reaction and the and thefixing moment. Draw SFD and BMD. . 22. A. A fixed beam of span 6m carries point loads of 20KN and 15KN at 2m and 4m from the left end respectively. Find the support moments. Draw SFD and BMD. OR B. A two span continuous beam ABC of uniform flexural rigidity is subjected to udl of w/unit length. The two spans AB = BC = l . Determine the support moment at B using Clapeyrons theorem of three moments. The supports A and B are simply Supported. 23. A. Analyse the continuous beam shown in fig. by moment distribution method. Find the support moments and draw the BMD. Assume EI as constant. 10 KN 2KN/m 2 KN A 3 m 1 m B 6 m C 2 m D OR B. For the portal frame shown in fig. compute the bending moments by moment distribution and draw BMD 2m 100 KN 2m m 4m EI constant 24. A. A hollow C I column whose outside diameter is 200 mm has a thickness of 25 mm. It is 4.5m long and is fixed at both the ends. Calculate the safe load by Rankines formula using a factor of safety 3 , if a = 1/7500 , E = 2.1 x 105 N/mm2 and yield stress is 330 N/mm2 . OR B. A rectangular column 300 mm wide and 250 mm thick is carrying a vertical load of 100 KN , acting at an eccentricity of 50 mm in a plane bisecting the thickness. Determine the maximum and minimum stress developed. 25. A. A trapezoidal masonry dam 3m wide at top , 12m wide at the base is 18 m high. It retains water upto a depth of 17 m on its vertical face. Check the stability of the dam for sliding if, = 0.6 and F.O.S = 1.5. Take the weight of masonry as 20KN/m3 and that of water as 10KN/m3 OR B. A retaining wall trapezoidal in section is 8 m high, 1 m wide at top and 3 m wide at the bottom with a vertical earth face retaining earth level with the top ofthe wall. If the weight of the masonry is 24 KN/m3 and that of the earth is18 KN/m3 with an angle of repose of 30 , calculate the maximum and minimum stress at the base.

21

SURVEYING II MODEL QUESTION PAPER - 1 Time : 3 Hrs PART- A

Marks 15 x 1 = 15 Note : Answer any 15 Questions. All Questions carry equal marks
1. What is a transit theodolite? 2. Define the term changing face. 3. What is the function of an optical plummet in a theodolite? 4. Define Latitude. 5. What are the instruments used in tacheometry? 6. Write the distance formula in a stadia tacheometry, if the line of sight is horizontal. 7. What is an anallactic lens? 8. Mention any one instrumental error in tacheometric surveying. 9. What is the objective of trignometrical levelling? 10. When do you adopt single plane method to determine elevation of an object? 11. State any one application of photogrammetric surveying. 12. Define soundings in hydrographic surveying. 13. State any three elements of simple circular curve. 14. Mention any two linear methods of setting out simple circular curve. 15. What do you mean by right handed curve? 16. Define vertical curves. 17. What is the function of prism reflectors in total station? 18. Mention any two total station characteristics. 19. What do you mean by GIS? 20. State any two field applications of GIS.

Max Marks : 75

PART- B Note : Marks 5 x 12 = 60

i) Answer all Questions choosing either division (A) or division (B) of each question. ii) All divisions carry equal marks. 21. (A) Draw a neat sketch of a vernier theodolite and explain the functions of any five component parts. OR 22

(B) The following lengths and bearings were observed in running a closed traverse ABCD. The length and bearing of line DA have been omitted. Calculate the length and bearing of DA. Line AB BC Length (m) 485 1725 Bearing 314 48 16 24 142 06

CD 1050

22. (A) What are the various constants of a tacheometer? Describe the field procedure of determining the constants of a tacheometer. OR (B) A tacheometer fitted with an anallactic lens was set up at a station and the following readings were obtained on a vertically held staff: Station Staff station Vertical angle Stadia hair readings (m) Remarks A B.M - 2 18 3.225, 3.550, 3.875 R.L of B.M = 743.565 B + 8 36 1.650, 2.515, 3.380 Calculate the horizontal distance from A to B and R.L of B. 23. (A) Determine the R.L of top of a transmission tower from the following observations: Inst. Station Vertical angle to top of tower Staff reading on B.M (B) i) Write short notes on methods of remote sensing. (6) ii) Briefly describe the steps in hydrographic surveying. (6) 24. (A) i) Derive the relationship between degree of curve and radius, for a unit chord of 30. (6) ii) Describe the procedure for setting out the curve in the field based on offsets from long chords. (6) OR

23

MODEL QUESTION PAPER I TRANSPORTATION ENGG - 2012-13

1. What is Nagpur plan: ,uz;lhk; cyfg;NghUf;Fgpd; rhiyfs; gad;gLj;Jjypy; nghpJk; rhpT Vw;gl;L Gjpa rhiyfspd; Njit nghpJk; czug;gl;lJ. vdNt IRC- apd; MNyhridg;gb brk;gH 1943y; khehL xd;W mikj;J 10 tUlj;jpw;fhd xU rhiy mgptpUj;jp jpl;lk; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,JNt ehf;g+H jpl;lkhFk;. 2. Define super elevation

Tise;j rhiyapy; CHjp nry;Yk;NghJ mjd; kPJ jd;Dila vilAk;> ika tpyf;F tpirAk; CHjpapd; <Hg;G ikaj;jpy; nray; Ghpfpd;wd. mt;tpU tpirfspd; tpisit <L nra;a rhiyapd; ntsp tpspk;ig mjd; cd; tpspk;igf; fhl;bYk; rw;W caukhf mikf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,ijNa ehk; Super-elevation vd;fpNwhk;. 3. Define Plastic limit:jw;fhypfkhf cs;s Plastic and semi solid epiyapYs;s kz;zpd; khw;wkw;w epiyf;F nghUj;jkhd ePhpd; cs;slf;fk (Up) plastic limit vdg;gLk;. 4. State any two advantages of highway light? 1. tpgj;Jfis jLg;gjw;F 2. rhiyapy; nry;Yfpd;w thfdq;fs; ghJfhg;ghf nry;tjw;F 5. What do you mean by Reconnaissance survey 1. kpfr;rpwe;j jlj;jpid NjHe;njLj;J epyg;glj;jpy; mjid Fwpj;jy; 2. jpl;lj;jpy; Njhuha nryTfis kjpg;gPL nra;jy; 6 What do you mean by surface dressing bituminous read? jahhpf;fg;gl;l mbj;jsj;jpd; Nky; jhH (m) epyf;fPy; Nghd;w nghUis jput tbtj;jpy; gug;g Ntz;Lk;. I.R.C.12 mm msT nfhz;l fw;fis mjd; Nky; njspj;J gpd;G me;jglyk; cUl;lg;gl;L jpz;ikg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,jw;F surface dressing bituminous read MFk;. 28

SURVEYING II MODEL QUESTION PAPER - 2 Time : 3 Hrs PART- A

Marks 15 x 1 = 15 Note : Answer any 15 Questions. All Questions carry equal marks 1. Stat the function of shifting head in a theodolite. 2. Define the term transiting. 3. State any one field checks in a closed theodolite traverse. 4. State any one rule to balance the theodolite traverse. 5. What are the two systems of tacheometry? 6. Write the distance formula in a stadia tacheometry, if the line of sight is inclined. 7. State one advantage of anallactic lens. 8. What is a Distomat? 9. When do you adopt trigonometrical leveling? 10. State any one method to find elevation of objects when the base is inaccessible. 11. Define remote sensing. 12. Name various instruments used for sounding in hydrographic surveying. 13. Mention different types of circular curves. 14. State the relationship between radius and degree of curve if the chord length is 20 m. 15. Mention any two methods of setting out simple circular curve. 16.Write any one objective of a transition curve. 17. Name any two accessories used in Total station. 18. Mention any one Linking software used, to transfer data files in Total station. 25

Max Marks : 75

19. Mention any two geographical informations required in GIS. 20. List out the components of GIS. PART- B Marks 5 x 12 = 60 Note: i) Answer all Questions choosing either division (A) or division (B) of each question. ii) All divisions carry equal marks. 21. (A) i) What are the fundamental lines of a theodolite. State the relationship between them. 4 ii) What are the procedures for theodolite traversing by included angle method? 8 OR (B) The following table gives the latitude and departure of the sides of a closed traverse 12 ABCD. Calculate the Independent co-ordinates and find the area of the traverse. Line Latitude (m) Departure (m) AB - 88.00 + 133.90 BC + 416.10 + 356.90 CD + 7.00 - 14.84 DA - 335.10 - 475.96 22. (A) i) Briefly explain different systems of tacheometry. 8 ii) What are the various of a tacheometer? Describe the field procedure of determining the constant of a tacheometer,. 4 OR (B) A tacheometer fitted with an anallatic lens was set up over a B.M 250.000 12 above datum and the following readings were obtained on a vertically held staff: Staff station Vertical angle Stadia hair readings (m) P +5 14 0.450, 1.035, 1.620 26

Q - 7 33 0.860, 1.270, 1.680 Calculate the distances of P and Q from the instrument station and their elevation . The height of the instrument is 1.500m. 23. (A) Determine the R.L of top of the temple from the following observations: Inst. Station Vertical angle to top of temple Staff reading on B.M (m) Remarks A + 16 42 3.625 R.L of B.M = 1728.785 Distance AB = 30m B + 11 12 2.005 Stations A, B are in line with the top of the temple. OR (B) i) Briefly write about the basic process of remote sensing. 6 ii) Briefly write about the applications of Photogrammetric surveying. 6 24. (A) i) Briefly explain different types of circular curves with neat sketches. 6 ii) Define Transition curve and Vertical curve. State their uses. 6 OR (B) Two tangents intersect at a chainage of 5637m. The intersection angle being 161. Calculate and tabulate all the necessary data for setting out a left handed curve of radius 345m, by Rankines method of deflection angles. Assume peg interval as 30m and the least count of the theodlite as 20. 25. (A) What are the fundamental quantities measured in total station? OR (B) i) Briefly explain the application of GIS in Agriculture and Water resources. ii) Briefly explain the application of GIS in Wasteland management. 4

27

Crossing sight distance

,jid fhg;G epWj;jw; fhl;rp J}uk; (Safe stopping sight distance) vd;Wk; $wyhk; Non-passing sight distance

Fj;J tisTfspy; xl;Lehpd; fpilg;ghHitf; NfhL rhiyapypUe;J 122 nr.kP cauj;jpypUf;Fk;nghOJ vjpNu rhiyapd; NkYs;s 10 nr.kP caukhd nghUis ghHf;f ,aYk;. kpf ePz;l ,ilJ}uj;jpw;F Non-passing sight distance vd;W ngaH ,jid Stopping sight distance (or) Non overtaking sight distance vd;Wk; miof;fyhk; 21 Objects of road Arboriculture? (4) 1. Rhiyapd; mUfpYs;s epyg;gFjpfSf;F moifr; NrHfpwJ b.(i) 2. Epoy; jUfpwJ> rhiyia cgNahfpg;NghUf;F Rfk; mspf;fpwJ 3. kuq;fspypUe;J goq;fs; fpilf;fpd;wd 4. fl;bl Ntiyf;Ffe;j kuk; fpilf;fpwJ 5. rhiyapd; fl;likTf;F cWjp mspf;fpwJ 6. ghiytdj;jpy; kzy; fhw;wpy; gwg;gij jLf;fpwJ 7. kz; mwpg;ig Fiwf;fpwJ 8. xypia cwpQ;RfpwJ What is optimum moisture content? Explain the standard proctor compaction with neat sketches. Optimum Moisture content: mjpf msT cyH mlHj;jp kjpg;gPLf;F nghUj;jkhd ePH cs;slf;fk; vd;gNj Mg;bkk; kha;r;rH fz;nlz;l; MFk; Standard proctors compaction Test:(1) ,e;j cgfuzj;jpy; xU cUis mr;RthHg;G ( mould) 1000 rprp jFjpAld; xU ePf;fj;jFe;j mbj;jsj;jl;L> xU fhyh; (Collar) kw;Wk; 32
(ii)

7 What is hair pin bend? ,e;j tisTfs; kpff; Fiwe;j Muj;ij nfhz;lit (16.5 kP) ,it kiyg;ghijapd; jpir jpUg;gj;jpYk; cauq;fspd; khw;wq;fspYk; mikf;fg;gLfpd;wd 8. Define Gauged:

9.

Gauge vd;gJ ,uz;L jz;lthsq;fspd; cs;gf;f jiyg;ghf jz;lthsq;fspd; ,ilg;gl;l J}ukhFk;. What dou meant by Creep of rails?

,uapy; ghijapy; jz;lthskhdJ ePsthl;by; ,lk; ngaHtij Creep of rail vd;fpNwhk;. 10 State any two functional of sleepers: . 1. jz;lthsq;fis rhpahd Xl;l mstpy; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;sy; 2. jz;lthsq;fSf;F rkjsk; Vw;gLj;Jjy; 3. jz;lthsq;fspd; %yk; gSitg; ngw;W> mjd; fPOs;s fw;gLf;iff;F (Ballest) ePuhf mDg;Gjy; 4. ,Ug;G ghijf;F epiyahd cWjpia nfhLj;jy; 11 Uses of fish plates: . 1.jz;lthsq;fspd; jiyg;ghfj;jpd; mbg;ghfj;ij jhq;Fjy; 2. jz;lthsq;fspd; jhuhskhf nefpoTk; RUq;fTk; toptply; 3. rf;fuq;fspd; mjpHr;rpapdhy; Vw;gLk; mjpHTfis jhq;Fjy; . 29

Define marshalling yard: Marshalling yardvd;gJ ,Onghwpia tuNtw;gjw;Fk; gOJghHg;gjw;Fk; kw;Wk; topaDg;Gtjw;Fk; mikf;fg;gLk; Kw;wkhFk;. 13. Uses of turn table: Turn table vd;gJ ,Onghwpfis jpiriakhw;w gad;gL j;jg;gLfpwJ.

12

14. State any two objects of signalling 1. ,Ug;g+Hjp epiyaj;jpw;Fs; ghJfhg;ghf ,Ug;g+Hjp tUtjw;Fk; Gwg;gl;L nry;tjw;Fk; 2. XNu ghijapy; XNu jpirapy; nry;Yfpd;w ,Ug;g+HjpfSf;fpilNa Njitahd ghJfhg;G J}uj;ij filgpbf;f. 3. ,Ug;g+Hjpia ghJfhg;Gld; jpwikahf Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; efHj;j (Shunting) 15 State the Principles of Inter locking:1. ,Ug;g+Hjpia Fwpg;gpl;l ,Ug;G ghijf;F nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lkhdhy; mjw;Fhpa Kidfis Kjypy; rhpahd ghijf;F ,af;fpa gpwFjhd; signal ,af;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb signal I ,af;fpa gpwF vf;fhuzq;nfhz;Lk; Kidfis khw;w ,ayhJ. 2. xU ,Ug;Gghijapy; ,Ug;g+Hjpia Vw;f signal-I nfhLj;j gpw;F vjpH jpirapypUe;J kw;nwhU ,Ug;g+Hjpia me;j ghijapy; Vw;f mDkjpaspf;fhjpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

16. Define : Economic span ghyj;jpd; fPo;f;fl;Lkhdj;jpd; nryTk; Nkw;fl;Lkhdj;jpd; nryTk; rkkhf ,U;f;FkhW mjd; ,il ePsk; njhpT nra;ag;gLk;. ,e;j ,ilePsj;jpw;F (Economic span) vd;W ngaH. 17. What is copper Dam. Bridge foundation twz;l epiyapy; jpwe;j ntspapy; mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. MfNt Ntiy eilngWk; ,lj;jpy; kz; kw;Wk; ePH Gfhky; jLg;gjw;fhf mt;tplj;jpy; mikf;fg;gLk; jw;fhypf fl;Lkhdj;jpw;F Coffer Dam vd;W ngaH. 18. What are the different types of wing walls 1. NeH ,wf;if RtH (straight) 2. rha;T ,wf;if RtH (inclined) 3. jpUk;G ,wf;if RtH turning wing wall) 30

20.

19. What are the functions of Bearing?. 1. NyhlhFk; NghJ mr;rpy; cj;jpuj;ij ,yFthf efu mDkjpf;fpwJ 2. jhq;fg;gLk; ,lq;fspy; Nfhzq;fSs;s mirTfis jhq;FfpwJ. 3. Rw;wpAs;s ntg;gepiy fhuzkhf cj;jpuj;jpd; ePsj;jpy; khWjy; Vw;gLk;NghJ mjd; ,yFthd merit mDkjpf;fpwJ. What is soil stabilization? rhiy miktplj;jpy; mUfpy; fpilf;Fk; jpuisfSld ,izf;Fk; jd;ik nfhz;l kz;izAk; fye;J mj;Jld; gpw fyitf; $Wfis ( Admintures) NrHj;Njh (my;yJ) NrHf;fhkNyh jpz;ikg;gLj;jYf;F Soil stabilization vd;W ngaH.

21a (i)

PART B What are the requirements of an ideal read? 1. Rhiyapd; ePsk; FiwthfTk; NeuhfTk; ,Uj;jy; 2. Rhiyapy; rPuhd rha;TfisAk; nkd;ikahd tisTfisAk; nfhz;bUj;jy; 3. Rpwe;j CHjp topapidg; ngw;wpUj;jy; 4. ey;y Nja;gug;gpid (Wearing surface) nfhz;bUj;jy; 5. guhkhpgG kpfTk; Fiwe;J nryT 6. topneLfpYk; ey;y trjpfs; mike;jpUj;jy; 7. ePHGfh Nkw;gug;G 8. rfjpAk; J}rpAk; ,y;yhjpUj;jy; What is sight distance? Explain any two type of sight distance with neat sketch (8) Sight distance: Thfd Xl;LeH jk;nkjpNu rhiyapd; NkYs;s Mgj;ij fz;LzHe;J tpgj;ij jtpHf;f nray;gl rpwpJ fhy mtfhrk; Njit. ,e;jf;fhy ,ilntspapy; thfdj;Jf;Fk; Mgj;Jf;FkpilNa cs;s J}uk; FiwAk;. Mf tpgj;ij jtpHf;f thfdj;Jf;Fk; Mgj;Jf;FkpilNa cs;s ,ilntspf;F Sight distance vd;W ngaH. 1. Crossing sight distance (FWf;fPl;L fhl;rp J}uk;) 2. Non-passing sight distance (flthf; fhl;rp J}uk;) 3. Passing sight distance (flj;jw; fhl;rp J}uk;) 4. Lateral sight distance (gf;fthl;L fhl;rp J}uk;) 31

II.

 . .

5.

( )

Gravel binder . . ,

, . .

6.

cldbahf ePiu tbar; nra;jy; vspjhf ghijia mikf;f ifahs;tjpy; vspik. 22 B. i. Write short notes on retaining wall and breast wall(4). Retaining wall:
,

6m

36

jukhd 2.6 fp.fp vilAila Rj;jp (rammer) mtw;Wld; xU ifl;l;a+g; 310 kp.kp Jspia msf;fj;j jFe;jjhf midj;Jk; cs;sd. 2) thy;a+k; (V) kw;Wil vil (W1 ) mfpa twz;l
.

(1) ,e;j cgfuzj;jpy; xU cUis mr;RthHg;G ( mould) 1000 rprp jFjpAld; xU ePf;fj;jFe;j mbj;jsj;jl;L> xU fhyh; (Collar) kw;Wk; jukhd 2.6 fp.fp vilAila Rj;jp (rammer) mtw;Wld; xU ifl;l;a+g; 310 kp.kp Jspia msf;fj;j jFe;jjhf midj;Jk; cs;sd. 2) thy;a+k; (V) kw;Wil vil (W1 ) mfpa twz;l thHglj;jpd; (mould) Kf;fpaj; jd;ikfs; cWjp nra;ag;gLk;. 3) cl;Gwk; fPhps; nfhz;L jltg;ngWk;. gpwF Nkhy;lhdJ fPhp]; jltg;gl;l jsj;jpy; cs;s jl;by; ,Wf;fp mikf;fg;gLk; 4) ePH Njitahd mstpw;F tplg;gl;L 3 fpNyh vilAs;s twz;l kz; IS 480 [y;yil %yk; nrYj;jg;gl;L fyf;fg;gLk;. 5) mJ %d;W rkkhd gbTfshf (layer) kz; Nkhy;by; milf;fg;gLk; mj;Jld; fhyH ,izf;fg;gLk;. 6) gpd;G 25 Kiw mbj;J ,wf;Ftjd; %yk; xU Rj;jp (rammer) xt;nthU NyaiuAk; jpul;b ,Uf;Fk; (310 kp.kp. mstpy; ,jd; tpOr;rp ,w;fFk; 7) Nyaiu jpul;b jpzpj;jgpd; Nkw;GwkhdJ chpa ghz;bq; (bonding) %yk; xt;nthU NyaUk; ed;F xl;lg;gLk; (roughened) mjpfkhf cs;s kz; xU NeHgyif (straight edge) %yk; jl;lg;gl;L Nkw;Gwk; rPuhf;fg;gLk; cs;splg;gl;l kz;Zld; Nkhy;bd; vil (w2) MFk;.

33

What are the factors affecting road alignment?

1. epuy;gLj;Jk; jlk; NeuhfTk;> Fl;ilahfTk; ,Uj;jy;

2. mikg;gjpYk; guhkhpg;gjpYk; rpf;fdk; 3. rhiy mikg;G nghUl;fs; mz;ikapy; fpilj;jy; 4. vspa rha;Tfs; kw;Wk; mfd;w tisTfs; 5. mfd;w topelg;G chpik 6. ey;y fhl;rp J}uk; 7. Fiwe;j kz; Ntiy 8. FbapUg;Gfis xl;b nry;yy; 9.kpFe;j Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfis mspj;jy; 10. mofhd Njhw;wk; Explain with neat sketch the construction of water bound macadam road (8) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
( ) ( )

1.

34

 . . , .

2.

. .

template

3.

10

. .

4.

35

2) JapHfl;ilapd; miktplj;ijg; nghWj;J 1) njhq;Fk; ,izg;Gfs; 2) jhq;fk; ,izg;Gfs; 3) ghy ,izg;Gfs; njhq;Fk; ,izg;Gfs;:- ,uz;L mLj;jLj;Js;s Japw;fl;ilfSf;F ,ilapy; jz;lthd ,izg;ig Vw;gLj;JtJ njhq;Fk; ,izg;G vd;W jilgl;Lg; NghFk;. mNj Nghy nek;GNfhy; 2I ,af;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; Kjypy; nek;GNfhy; 3I ,af;f Ntz;Lk;. nek;GNfhy; 3I ,af;fhky; nek;GNfhy; 2I ,af;f KBahJ. NkYk; nek;GNfhy; 4 vd;gJ nray;gl Ntz;Lkhdhy; Kjypy; nek;GNfhy; 1 my;yJ 2 ,y; VjhtJ xd;iwr; nray;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; ,uz;by; xd;iwr; nray;gLj;jpa gpd;jhd; nek;GNfhy; 4I nray;gLj;j KbAk;. mg;gb nek;GNfhy; 4I nray;gLj;jpagpd; kPz;Lk; nek;GNfhy; 4I gioa epiyf;Ff; nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lkhdhy; Kjypy; ,af;fpa nek;GNfhy; 1 my;yJ 2I jpUk;gTk; gioa epiyf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;y Ntz;Lk;.

40

ii. Explain with neat sketch the types of construction of concrete road (8) (1)rpnkz;l; fhd;fphPl; Kw;fyitr; rhiy (2)rpnkz;l; gpiz nkf;fhlk; rhiy rpnkz;l; fhd;fphPl; Kw;fyitr; rhiy rpnkz;l;> kzy;> gUntl;lhd jpuis Mfpatw;iwj; jz;zPUld; ed;F fye;J fhd;fphPl; cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J jahhpf;fg;gl;l mbj;jsj;jpd; Nky; gug;gg;gLfpwJ. gpwF> ,J jpz;ikg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. Nkw;gug;G kpf NeHjpahfTk;> totog;ghfTk; mikf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j tifahd rhiyfs; ngUkstpy; tof;fpy; cs;sd. ,e;j rhiyf; fl;Lkhd Ntiyia ,uz;L tiffshfg; gphpf;fyhk;. (1)khw;Wg; ghj;jp Kiw (2)njhlH ghj;jp Kiw khw;Wg; ghj;jp Kiw:glj;jpy; fhz;gJ Nghy; mLj;jLj;j ghj;jpfs; Kjypy; fl;b Kbf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j fhd;fPhpl; ,WfpaTld; gpw ghj;jpfspy; fhd;fphPl; epug;gg;gl;Lj; jpz;ikg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. (ghj;jpfs; 1>2>3 Kbe;j gpwF 4>5>6 Kbf;fg;gLfpd;wd)

Continous Bay system:xU Gwj;jpYs;s vy;yhg; ghj;jpfSk; 1>2>3 njhlHr;rpahf epug;gpj; jpz;ikg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. Xt;nthU ehSk; Ntiy Kbe;jTld; fl;Lkhd ,izg;Gfs; (Construction joints) mikj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. xU ghjp Kbe;jTld; kWghjpia vLj;Jf;nfhz;L vy;yhg; ghj;jpfSk; Kbf;fg;gLfpd;wd. 37

rpnkz;l; gpiz nkf;fhlk; rhiyfs;:

,t;tifr; rhiyfs; jw;NghJ tof;fj;jpy; ,y;iy ed;F jpz;ikg;gLj;jg;gl;l J}a gUntl;lhd mLf;fpd; %yk; Nky; rpnkz;l; fhiwr; rhe;ijg;gug;g Ntz;Lk;. mLf;fpd; ,ilntspfspy; fiwr; rhe;ijj; jpzpj;J epug;gp ed;F gpizf;fr; nra;tNj ,k;KiwahFk;. ,J jhd; fyf;fg;glhkiyNa jahhpf;fg;gLk; fhd;fphPl;

23 (A) i. What are the advantages of uniformly in gauges? (4) 1) tpgj;Jfs; Vw;gl tha;g;gpy;iy 2) gzk; ghJfhg;ghf ,Uf;Fk; 3) gaz Neuj;ij Fiwf;fyhk; 4) jz;lthsj;jpw;F ghjpg;G Vw;glhJ 5) guhkhpg;G kw;Wk; mYtyf nryTfs; FiwT 6) ,jd; %yk; mjpf ,uapy; ngl;bfis ntt;NtW ghijfspy; vspikahf ,af;fyhk;.

ii) What are the functions and measurements of good ballast materials? (8) Functions: 1. nghUj;jkhd mbj;jsj;ij gpbj;Jf;nfhs;sy; Vw;gLj;jp 38 Sleeper -fis ed;F

2. Sleeper-fspd; topahf tUfpd;w gSit g+kpapd; mfd;w gug;gpw;F khw;wp> gStpd; mOj;jj;ij Fiwj;jy;. 3. ,Ug;g+Hjp ghijapy; jhtuq;fs; tsHtij jLj;jy; 4. ,Ug;g+Hjp ghij ePs> mfy kw;Wk; cau thl;lj;jpy; efUtif jLj;jy;. Requirement of good Ballast: 1. kpfTk; KWf;F jd;ik(boittleness) ,y;yhik 2. rf;fuq;fspd; %yk; tUfpd;w gSit vspjhf g+kpf;F mDg;GfpwJ. 3. khwh tbtk; 4. Sleeper- cld; ,Wf;fkhd gpbg;G 5. cuha;itAk;> ntg;g jl;g rpijitAk; neUq;fyhk; vjpHj;J jhq;Fjy; 6. vspjpy; kypthf fpilj;jy 23 B)i) Explain the different types of rail joints. 1) ,izg;gpd; miktplj;ijg; nghWj;J (1) rJu ,izg;Gfs; (2) ,lkhw;W ,izg;Gfs rJu ,izg;Gfs; xU ,izj;jz;lthq;fspd; ,izg;Gfs; xNu NeHNfhl;by; mikAkhdhy; mjid rJu ,izg;Gfs; vd;;fpNwhk;. ,it Neuhd ,Ug;g+Hjpg; ghijapy; gad;gLfpd;wd ,lkhw;W ,izg;Gfs;: jz;lthsj;jpd; ,izg;G ,izjz; (thdj;jpy; ePsj;jpd; eLtpy; miktif ,lkhw;W ,izg;G vd;gpNwhk;. tisTfspy; ,k;Kiw ,izg;Gfs; gad;gLfpd;wd. 39

25.a. i) What are the facters to be considered in the alignment of bridges? (4) 1. Nkw;nfhs;stpUf;Fk; epuy;gLj;Jjy; rpf;fdkhdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. 2. epuy;gLj;Jjypdhy; kz; mhpg;G kw;Wk; kz; gbT Nghd;w Gjpa ghjpg;Gfs; Vw;glhky; jdpf;ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. 3. Kbe;j msT ghyj;jpy; ikaf;NfhL ikaf;Nfhl;bw;F nrq;Fj;jhfTk; ,Ug;gJ ey;yJ. NeuhfTk; ePNuhl;lj;jpd;

4. ghyj;jpd; ikaf;NfhL tisthdjhf ,y;yhky; ghHj;Jf;nfhs;tJ ey;yJ. Vnddpy; ghyk; mikg;gJk;> guhkhpg;gJk; vspjhdjy;y. NkYk; tpgj;Jfs; Nehpl VJthFk;. 25.a.ii.What are cause way ? explain with neat sketches of any two type. Causeway;
.

i. (Flush causeway) ii. (low level causeway) iii. (High level cause way) Flush causeway: ngaH. ,t;tpizg;gpy; gSthdJ ,uz;L Japw;fl;ilfSf;Fk; rkkhf gfpHT nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ..
. .

High level causeway:

. , .

, .

44

23 b ii) Explain method of construction of water Bound macadam road with sketch

24.A. i) State the purpose of railway stations?(4) 1. gazrPl;L ngWtjw;Fk;> gazpfs; jq;Ftjw;Fk; ruf;Ffs; ifahStjw;Fk; top nra;jply; 2. uapy; Nghf;Ftuj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; ,lk; miktjw;F 3. ,OnghwpfSf;F Njitahd ePH kw;Wk; Bry; toq;Fjy; 4. NghJkhd gf;f ,Ug;G ghijfs; Kf;fpa ,Ug;Gg;ghijfs; mUfpy; mikj;jy; 5. Nghf;Ftuj;J gjpT kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;G eltbf;iffs; 6. Fbjz;zPH foptiwfs; kw;Wk; Xa;t miw ,l trjpfs ii) Define Switches Explain different types of switches with neat sketches? (8) Switch ,Ug;g+Hjpia XH ,Ug;Gg;ghijapypUe;J khw;Wtjw;fhd mikg;Gf;F Switch vd;W ngaH kw;w ,Ug;G ghijf;F

,it tongue rail and stock rail vd ,uz;L jz;lthsq;fis nfhz;lJ. Types: 1. ,lk;ngaUk; ,iz;ghg;d (Stub switch) 2. Gpsf;Fk; ,izg;Gfs; (Split switch) 41

1.Stub Switch: ,J ,Ug;Gg;ghij njhlq;fg;gl;l Muk;g fhyj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J jw;rkak; cgNahfj;jpy; ,y;iy. ,jpy; Tongue rail gad;gLj;Jtjpy;iy ,jpy; ,Ug;g+Hjp ghijapd; xU gFjp gf;fthl;by; efHe;J khw;Wg;ghijapy; ,Ug;g+Hjp nry;tjw;F VJthf top mikj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk;. 2. Split Switch: ,t;tpizg;ghd;fs; jhd; jw;rkak; cgNahfj;jpy; cs;sd. tifahd jz;lthsq;fs; cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. One Normal rail and Tongue rail ,tw;iw NkYk; ,U tiffshf gphpf;fyhk;. 1. ,yf;fkhd gpd;gFjp tif (Loose heal type) 2. ,Wf;fkhd gpd;gFjp tif (Fixed heal type) 3. Right hand switch and left hand switch 24)b)i) Write a short notes on Absolute block system KOik tl;lhutif *Absolute Block system) 1) ,e;j Kiwapy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhy ,ilntspf;Fg; gjpyhf xU ,Ug;g+HjpahdJ xU epiyaj;jpypUe;J mLj;J epiyaj;jpw;F nry;tjw;fhFk; rhpahd fhy ,ilntspiag;nghUj;J mikfpwJ. 2) xU epiyaj;jpypUe;J fpsk;gp mLj;j epiyaj;jpw;Fg; gj;jpukhfr; nry;tij cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. 3) mNj Neuj;jpy; vjphpypUe;J mNj ghijapy; ,Ug;g+Hjp tuhjthW ghHj;Jf;nfhs;sTk; cjTfpwJ. 4) fPo; cs;s glj;jpy; KOik tl;lhu tifapidf; fhzyhk;. ,e;j tifapy; ,Ug;Gg;ghij tl;lhu gphpTfshfg; vhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. 5) nghJthf ,uz;L ,Ug;g+Hjp epiyaj;jpw;F ,ilg;gl;l J}uj;ij xU tl;lhug; gphpT vd miof;fpNwhk;. b)ii) ) Explain with neat sketches the tappets and lock system of interlocking. fit kw;Wk; g+l;l tif 42 ,tw;wpy; ,uz;L

,e;j Kiwapy; cl;gpizg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; nghoJ Njitaw;w njk;GNfhy; nray;ghLfs; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. Kiwahf ,af;fg;gLfpd;wd. g+l;Ltjw;F ,jdhy; Kidfs; kw;Wk; rpf;dy;fs; fit (Toppet) vd;gJ 38kPkP X 16kPkP msTs;s msitfSk; (Notches) thiufSk; (Recesses)

nrt;tf tbt ,Ug;Gj; jflhFk;. ,e;j fl;by; Njitf;Nfw;g glj;jpy; fhl;bAs;sgb Vw;whw;Nghy; mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. fitAk; g+l;Lk; nek;GNfhy;fSk; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

G+l;L fitf;Fk; FWf;nf (9k;) Nfhzj;jpy; nray;gLk;. nray;gLk; Kiw: rhjhuzkhf vg;nghOJk; Kidfs; gpujhd ,Ug;Gg; ghijf;Fr; nry;Yk; tifapy; jhd; mikj;jpUf;Fk; (glk;) gpujhd ,Ug;Gg; ghijf;F nry;y Ntz;ba Kidia ,af;f KbahJ. glj;jpy; nek;GNfhy; 1I ,af;fpa gpwF nek;GNfhy; 3I ,af;FtJ jilgl;Lg; Nghtij fhzyhk;. mNj Nghy> nek;GNfhy; 3I ,af;fpa gpd; nek;GNfhy; 1I ,af;FtJ

43

8. Define Brest wall? kiyr;rhptpy; rhiyapd; kiyg; gf;fj;jpy; nrq;Fj;jhf fl;lg;gLk; fw;fshyhd Rtiu jLg;Gr;RtH vdyhk;. 9.What are the different classifications of gauges? 1) Mfy msTg;ghij (BG) 1.676 Metre 2) kPl;lH msTg; ghij (MG) 1.00 Metre FWfpa msTg; ghij (MG)0.762 Metre 10.What do you meant by coning of wheels? Rf;fuq;fspd; Gwg;gFjpahdJ 1:20 rf;fuj;jpd; $k;G vd;fpNwhk;. 11.Define sleeper density ,Ug;Gg; ghijapy; xU jz;lthsj;jpy; cgNahfpf;fg;gLk; Japw;fl;ilfspd; vz;zpf;ifaj; Japw;fl;il mlHj;jp vd;fpNwhk; 12.What are the difference types of rail joints? 1. njhq;Fk; ,izg;Gfs; 2. jhq;Fk; ,izg;Gfs; 3. ghy ,izg;Gfs 13.Define level crossings? ,Ug;Gg;ghijAk;> neLQ;rhiyAk; xNu kl;lj;jpy; re;jpf;Fk; ,lj;ij rkre;jpf; FWf;fPL my;yJ rkre;jpf; flT vd;fpNwhk;. 14.What is fouling marks? xNu jpirapypUe;J tUk; ,uz;L ,Ug;Gg; ghijfs; re;jpf;Fk; Kidfspy; vr;rhpf;if Fwpfs; vdg;gLk 15.What do you meant by turn outs? Kidfs;> FWf;fPLfs; njhlH jz;lthsk; Mfpad xd;wha; NrHe;Js;s mikg;G CHjpia jpir khw;Wkhapd; mjw;F jpUg;gk; (Turn
.

vd;w

rhpT

Nfhzj;jpy;

mikg;gij

48

1:2

25.b.i. State function of bearing used in bridges?

. .

ii. Write short notes on balanced cantilever bridges and suspension bridges? Balanced cantilever bridges:
. . .

Suspension bridges:
. .

45

. .

, .

46

MODEL QUESTION PAPER -2 TRANSPORTATION ENGG. PART-A

1. State IRC classification of road 1) Njrpa neLQ;rhiy 2) khepy neLQ;rhiy 3) nghpa khtl;l rhiy 4) kw;w khtl;l rhiy 5) fpuhk rhiy 2. What is transition curve? khWif tisTfspd; miufs; xU Fwpg;gpl;l mstpypUe;J Fwpg;gpl ,ayhj vy;iyaw;w msTf;Fk; my;yJ vy;iyaw;w mstpypUe;J xU Fwpg;gpl;l msTf;Fk; khwf; $bait 3. Define liquid limit? kz;zpd; khw;w kw;w epiyapd; jput kw;Wk; gpsh];bf; epiyf;F ,ilapyhd jw;fhypf tiuaiwia xj;jpUf;Fk; ePhpd; cs;slf;fk; (W1) jput epiyapy; ,Uf;f tha;g;Gs;sJ. ,jidNa jput tiuaiw vd;fpNwhk;. 4. What do you meant by road arboriculture? rhiyapd; ,UkUq;fk; epoy;fSk; kuq;fis el;L> tsHj;Jg; guhkhpf;Fk; fiyapidNa rhiy kuNtshz;ik vd;fpNwhk;. 5. What is purpose of gradar? 1) Ftpe;j kz;iz gug;Gtjw;Fk; 2) rhiy mikf;Fk; nghOJ mbj;jsk; mikf;fTk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. 6. State the materials used for WBM road? nkf;flk; rhiyapd; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. xt;nthU mLf;fpw;Fk; xt;nthU nghUs;

Mj;jsk;: nrq;fy;> ghiwfs;> cile;j fw;fs; nehWf;fpa jfL> Nyl;liul;Lfs;>fd;fH> %uk; guy; Nja;gug;G: gSntl;lhd jpuisfs;> gpizg;ghd; 7.Define coal tar? ,g;nghUshdJ fUik epwk; nfhz;l totog;Gila jputkhFk;. ,g;nghUshdJ epyf;fhp thA cw;gj;jpr; nra;Ak;NghJ fpilf;ff;$ba khw;Wg; nghUshFk; 47

21.B What is the road accidents? What are the causes of road accidents? Explain the presentive measures of road accident? Road accident: Rhiyia cgNahfpg;NghH ,UtH rhiyapy; Nkhjpf; nfhs;tjhy; Vw;gLk; ,wg;G my;yJ fhaq;fs; my;yJ nrhj;J ,og;G Mfpa ,tw;wpidr; rhiy tpgj;J vdyhk; mjid jtpHf;f topKiwfs; cs;sd. epHthf KiwfspNyh my;yJ Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; nghwpapaypd; Jiz nfhz;Nlh tpgj;Jf;fisj; jLf;fyhk;. Causes of Accidents: (1)mjptpiutpy; CHjpia Xl;Ljy; (2) iriffs;> mwptpg;Gf; Fwpfisf; ftdpf;fhky; thfdq;fis Xl;Ljy; (3) ghijfspy; ftdkpd;wp nry;Yjy; (4) Foe;ijfs; tPjpfspy; tpisahLjy; (5) Nghjpa tPjp tpsf;F ntspr;rk; ,y;yhik (6) CHjpg; nghwpfspy; jLg;Gg; nghwp nraypoj;jy; (7)FbNghijapy; CHjpfis Xl;Ljy; (8) rhiy kj;jpapy; epd;W nfhz;L Ntbf;if ghHj;jy;. Preventire measures of Accidents:rhiy tpgj;Jf;fs; Neuh tz;zk; jLf;f %d;W Kiwfs; cs;sd. 1) Nghwpapay; cjtpfs; 2) Tw;GWj;jy; cjtpfs; 3) mwpT Gfl;Lk; cjtpfs; nghwpapay; cjtpfs;:rhiy tpgj;Jfs; Neuh tz;zk; jLf;f nghwpapay; cjtpfisf; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. (1)Rhiy topapd; mikg;ghz;ik rhiy tbt Ntz;Lk;. (2)Nghf;FtuT elkhl;lj;jpidg; gphpj;jy; 52 mikg;ghz;ikf;F Vw;g ,Uf;f

outs) vd;W ngaH ,J rhiyapd; ePs thf;fpy; caUk; my;yJ jhOk; tpfpjkhFk;. .,J rjtPjj;jpNyh (my;yJ) tpfpjj;jpNyh Fwpg;gplg;gLk; ,jid rha;T vd;Wk; $wyhk;. 16. State the Principles of inter locking? Refer model: Question paper-1 part A (16) 17.Define scour? gLf;ifapy; ePhpd; jpir Ntfk; Fwpg;gpl;l msTf;F Nky; mjpfhpf;Fk;NghJ kz; Ruz;ly; (Scour) Vw;gl;Lg; gLifapy; gs;sq;fs; Vw;gLk;. 18.State any two functions of foundations: ghyj;jpd; nkhj;j gUitAk; Vw;W mjdbapYs;s epyg;gug;gpy; gutyhf;Fjy; cjitfSk; J}z;fSk; ftpo;e;J tplhkYk;> rha;e;J tplhkYk; jLj;J epWj;Jjy; 19.What are causeways ? epiyaw;w ePHNghf;Fs;s MWfs; my;yJ ePNuhilfisr; rhiy flg;gjw;fhf epWtg;gLk; fl;Lkhd mikg;G nra;fhiufs; vdg;gLk;. 20.State the importants of bearings in Bridges? 1. Nyhl; MFk; NghJ mr;rpy; cj;jpuj;ij ,yFthf efu mDkjpf;fpwJ. jhq;fg;gLk; ,lq;fspy; Nfhzq;fSf;Fs;s mirTfis jhq;FfpwJ PART B (5x12=60) 21a i.What is Ribbon development? State the effects of ribbon development? Ribbon development rhiy neLf mjd; ,UGwq;fspYk; rhiyia xl;bf Fbirfs;> filfs;> NjePH tpLjpfs;> fl;blq;fs; Mfpad mjpfkhf tsHr;rpAw;why; mk;khjphp tsHr;rpf;Fj; Ribbon development vd;W ngaH. 49

Effects of ribbon development 1. rhiyapy; nehpry; Vw;gl;L Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;F ,ilA+W Vw;gLfpwJ.

gpw;fhyj;jpy; rhiyia mfyg;gLj;JtJ kpfTk; fbdk; 2. rhiy tpgj;Jf;fs; mjpfhpf;Fk.; 3. Mf;fpukpg;Gfis mfw;Wtjw;F mjpfr; nrythFk;. ii) What is gradient? Explain the different types of gradient? Gradient rhiyapd; ePsthf;fpy; mikf;fg;gLk; thl;lj;jpw;F NeHr;rhpT vd;W ngaH Types: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. kpif NeHr;rhpT (Maximum gradient) Fiw NeHr;rhpT (Minimum gradient) ruhrhp NeHr;rhpT (Average gradient) MSik NeHr;rhpT (Ruling gradient) Tpjptpyf;F NeHr;rhpT (Exceptional gradient) kpjit NeHr;rhpT (Floating gradient)

1.Maximum gradient: rhjhuzkhf rhiyapy; gad;gLk; kpf mjpfkhd NeHr;rhpTf;F (Maximum gradient) vd;W ngaH ,e;j msTf;F rhiyapd; ve;jnthU gFjpapYk; rha;T mjpfkhf ,Uf;ff;$lhJ. kz; Ntiy mjpfKs;s ,lq;fspYk; ,l ,ay;gpdhy; jtpHf;f Kbahj epiy Vw;gLk; gFjpfspYk; ,jid gad;gLj;jyhk; ,jid tuk;G rha;T vd;Wk; $wyhk; ,jw;fhd rha;T tpfpjq;fs; gpd;tUkhW 1. kiyntspg; gFjp : 1 in 20 2. kiyg;ghq;fhd gFjp : 1 in 15. 2. Minimum gradient:rhiyapy; gad;gLj;jf;$ba kpfTk; Fiwe;j rha;T tpfpjk; ,JthFk;. 50

,jdhy; rhiyapy; kioePH tpiuthf tbAk; ,jd; rha;T 1 in 250

Mdhy; Cement Concrete Road-y; 1 in 330 vd;w rha;T tpfpjk; eilKiwapy; cs;sJ. 3. Average gradient: Rhiyapd; ,uz;L ,lq;fSf;F ,ilNaAs;s cauk; my;yJ jho;it mjd; fpilj;J}uj;jhy; tFf;ff;fpilf;Fk; tpfpjj;ij ruhrhp NeHr;rhpT vdyhk;. 4. Ruling gradient Rhiyia mikg;gjw;fhd kpf rha;T tpfpjj;jpid Ruling gradient vd;gH. eilKiwapYs;s Ruling gradiet-fs; 1. rkntspg; gFjp : 1 in 30 2. kiyg;ghq;fhd gFjp: 1 in 25 5.Exceptional gradient: Excepitonal gradient bid rpf;fyhd R+o;epiyfspYk; jtpHf;f ,ayhj ,lq;fspypUk; mikf;f Ntz;Lk;. nfhz;il Crp (Hairpin bends) tisTfspYk; ghyq;fis mZFk; ,lq;fspYk; ,it gad;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid rpwpJ J}uj;jpw;F Nky; mikf;f $lhJ. 6.Floating gradient rkntsp gug;gpy; rPuhd XNu Ntfj;jpy; thfdq;fs; nry;y mikf;fg;gLk; gradient. ,jid Floating gradient vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. 7. Road gradient (I.R.C) Rhiy Exceptional mikAk; Ruling Max No. gFjpapd; gradient gradient gradient jd;ik Sl. 1. 2. Rkntsp 1 in 30 1 in 20 1 in 15 1 in 15 1 in 12 51

kiyg;gFjp 1 in 20

1.

Kd;Ndhf;F jpir (Facing Direction) 2. gpd;jq;F jpir (Trailing Direction) 1. Nkw;gug;ig jahhpj;jy; (Preparation of surface) Nkw;gug;ig ed;whf cUisapd; %yk; cUl;ba gpwF jz;zPiu njspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. gpwF Nkw;gug;ig ed;whf cyhtpl Ntz;Lk. 2. gpizg;ghid Kjw;glyj;jpw;F ,Ljy;: kpfr;R+lhd epiyapy; 170oC ntg;g epiyapYs;s epyf;fpiy xU rJukPl;lUf;F 2 fpNyh fpuhk; vd;w tPjj;jpy; ,Ljy; Ntz;Lk; ,jid ePsthl;lj;jpy; rhiy tpspk;gpy; njhlq;fp nkJthf ikag; gFjpf;F tuNtz;Lk; clNd 12kp.kP msTs;s fw;fis 100 rJu kPl;lUf;F 2 fd kPl;lH tPjj;jpy; njspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 3.Kjw;ghyj;ij cUl;Ljy; (Rolling the first layer) fw;fis Nkw;gug;gpy; ed;whfg; gjpAk;gb 10 ld; cUisapd; tpspk;gpypUe;J Muk;gpj;J ikag; gFjpia mikAk;gb cUl;l Ntz;Lk;. 4. ,uz;lhtJ glyj;ij ,Ljy; (Application of second coat) Rhiy xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L thuq;fSf;F Nghf;Ftuj;J mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. gpwF ,uz;lhtJ glyj;ij ,Lk; gzp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. Kjw; glyj;ij mikj;jhw; NghyNt ,uz;lhtJ glyj;ijAk; mikf;f Ntz;Lk;. Rhiyg; gug;gpd; Gwr;rhpT> rha;T tpfpjk; Mfpad rhpghHf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;Fr; rhiy 24 kzp Neuk; fopj;J jpwe;J tplg;gLfpwJ. rpy rkaq;fspy; epyf;fPiyAk;> rpwpa fw;fisAk; Kjypy; R+lhd epiyapy; fye;J Nkw;gug;gpy; gug;Gjy; Ntz;Lk;. gpwF Njitahd fdj;jpw;F cUl;l Ntz;Lk;. ,k;khjphp Nkw;gug;ig gjg;gLj;jy; Kiwf;F Kd;Ng R+lhf;f fye;J R+lhd epiyapy; ,lg;gLk; jsq;fs; (premix method permenents) vd;w ngaH (3)Gwtopfspd; cjtpahy; Nghf;FtuT elkhl;lj;jpidg; gphpj;jy;. 56 %yk;

tw;GWj;jy; cjtpfs;:1) thfdq;fspd; Ntfj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;j Ntff; fl;Lghl;Lf; fUtpfis thfdq;fspy; nghUj;j Ntz;Lk;. 2) Ntfkhf ,aq;Fk; thfdq;fis Ntff; fl;Lg;ghl;L Nrhjid nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Thfd Xl;LeUf;F chpik rhd;W mspf;Fk; Kd;G cWjpahf gy Nrhjidfs; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. mwpT Gfl;Lk; cjtpfs;: 1) Rtnuhl;bfs; %yk; ftdf; Fiwthf xl;Ljypd; tpisTfsi tpsf;f Ntz;Lk;. 2) Rhiy tpjpfisf; filg;gpbf;fj; jpiug;glq;fs; njhiyf;fhl;rp %ykhf kf;fSf;F vLj;Jf;$wNtz;Lk;. 3) Gs;spapy; gapYk; rpWtH rpWkpaHfSf;F Nghf;FtuT elkhl;lj;jpd; tpjpfisAk; xOq;FKiwfisAk; fw;Wj; jUjy; Ntz;Lk;. 4) nghJ kf;fSf;Fr; rhiy tpjpfisg; gw;wpf; fy;tp Gfl;b mtw;wpidf; filg;gpbf;fr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 22)A)i) Write short notes on priliminary survey in road project? ,e;j epy msitapd; %yk; epuy;gLj;jpa ntt;NtW jpl;lq;fspypUe;J rpwe;jJ njhpT nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,J vy;yh jlq;fspYk; ikaf;Nfhl;bYk; eilngWfpwJ.. 1. Chain 2.Compass 3. Plane table ikaf;Nfhl;bd; kl;lk; fhz> kl;lk; fhz; fUtp gad;glj;jg;glfpwJ kw;Wk; ,f;fUtpapd; %yk; elevation-id mwpayhk;. ,jpypUe;J jiuapd; Gw cUtpid (Profile) tiuayhk;. ,jw;F ePs;Gw cUtg;glk; (longicudinal profile) vd;W ngaH. ,jd; %yk; jw;fhypf rha;T tpfpjq;fis mwpayhk;. Rpy rkaq;fspy; ikaf; Nfhl;bd; mUfpYs;s gug;gsT mjpfkhapUe;jhy; tpz;zpypUe;J Gifg;glk; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.. ,e;j epy msit Kbe;j gpwF vy;yhj; jlq;fSf;Fk; glq;fs; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ii) Explain the neat sketch of the different methods of construction of gravel roads?

53

Kjypy; epyj;jsj;jpw;F Njitahd NeH;r;rhpT Gwr;rhpT Mfpatw;iw mikf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpwF Nghjpa msT ed;F jpz;ikg;gLj;jpr; rPuhf;f Ntz;Lk;. rPuhf;fg;gl;l epyj;jsj;jpd; Nky; guy; kzw;fyitia Njitahd fdj;jpw;F gug;g Ntz;Lk;. nghJthf guy;fis ,uz;L mLf;Ffshfg; gug;g Ntz;Lk;. Guy; fyitia gug;g fPo;f;fhZk; ,uz;L Kiwfis gpd;gw;wyhk;. 1. gs;sj;jpy; gug;Gjy; (Trench spread method) 2. rpwF KidAUtpy; (Feather edge spread method) Trench spread method: Rhiyapd; mikg;ghz;ikapYs;s mfyk;> Mok; Mfpa msTf;F gs;sk; ntl;l Ntz;Lk;. gpwF guy;fis Njitahd Gwr;rhpTf;F mg;gs;sj;jpy; jpz;ikg;gLj;jg; gug;g Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F Kd; Xust jz;zPH njspf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW ey;y Kiwapy; mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. jpz;ikg;gLj;jpa gpd;G mJ Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;F

1. Feather Edge spread method: ,k;Kiwapy; guy; ikag;gFjpapy; caHj;Jk; tpspk;Gg; gFjpfspy; cauk; Fiwe;Jk; fhzg;gLk;. Epyj;jsj;jpy; gs;sk; VJk; Vw;gLj;jhky; Nehpilahfg; guy;fis gug;g Ntz;Lk;. Guy;fis gug;Gk;NghJ Njitahd mfyk;> Gwr;rhpT Nghd;wtw;iw mikj;J><ug;gLj;jp gpd;dH jpz;ikg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. gpwF rhiyapy; Nghf;Ftuj;J mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. 22 (i) What are the factors to be considered in the alignment of road? 1) 2) 3) 4) epuy;gLj;Jk; jlk; NeuhfTk; Fl;ilahfTk; ,Uj;jy; ey;y tbtkhdj;jpw;fhf Kfl;bd; kPJ nry;yy; mikg;gjpYk; guhkhpg;gjpYk; rpf;fdk; rhiy mikg;Gg; nghUl;fs; mz;ikapy; fpilj;jy;

5) vspa rha;Tfs; kw;Wk; mfd;w tisTfs; 54 6) mfd;w topelg;G chpik 7) ey;y fhl;rpj;J}uk; 8) Fiwe;j kz; Ntiy 9) Fiwe;j FWf;F tbkhdg; gzpfs; 10) mtrpakhd vy;yh ,lq;fisAk; ,izj;jy; B(ii) Explain the types of surface during bituminous road with neat sketches? Types of surface dressing bituminous road. 1) jdpg;glykhf Nkw;gug;gpid gjg;gLj;Jjy; (Single coat surface dressing) 2) ,U glykhf Nkw;gug;igg; gjg;gLj;jy; (Two coat surface dressing) (Single coat surface dressing) ,jid R+l;Lf;fyit KiwapNyh (Hot mix process) my;yJ FspHf;fyit KiwapNyh (Cold mix process) mikf;fyhk;. Gjpa rhiyg gug;gpd;Nky; ,uz;L glyq;fisf; nfhz;l Nkw;gug;igg; gjg;gLj;Jjy; Kiwapy; mikj;jy;.

(Two coat surface dressing) Gjpa rhiyg gug;gpd;Nky; ,uz;L gjg;gLj;Jjy; Kiwapy; mikj;jy;. Parts: 1. ,izg;ghd; (Switch) 3. 4. 5. 6. ,izg;G tpyfy; (Throw of switch) ,izg;Gf;Nfhzk; (Switch angle) jpUg;gk; (Turn out) Kd;Ndhf;F Kidfs; my;yJ Kd;Ndhf;F jpUg;gq;fs; (Facing point or facing turnout) 7. gpd;jq;F Kidfs; my;yJ gpd;jq;F jpUg;gq;fs; (Trailing points or trailing turnouts) 55 glyq;fisf; nfhz;l Nkw;gug;igg;

1.Switch:,Ug;g+Hjpia XH ,Ug;Gg;ghijapypUe;J khw;Wtjw;fhd mikg;Gf;F Switch vd;W ngaH ,it tongue rail and stock rail vd ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. 2.Throw of switch:CHjp ghij khWk;NghJ mjd; rf;fuj;JUj;jp (flange) Eiotjw;fhf ,izg;ghzpYs;s (tongule rail) ehf;Fj; jz;lthsk; epiyj;jz;lthsj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpyfp ,ilntsp nfhLf;Fk; ,t;tpilntspiaj;jhd; (throw of switch) vd;fpNwhk; ,jid ,izg;G tpyF J}uk; vd;Wk; $wyhk;. 3.Switch Angle:E}yj; jz;lthsj;jpd; cl;Gwj;jpw;Fk; ehf;Fj; jz;lthsj;jpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l Nfhzj;ijj;jhd; ,izg;Gf;Nfhzk; vd;fNwhk;. ,jid ,izg;G tpyFNfhzk; my;yJ ,izg;G gphpNfhzk; (Angle of switch divergence) vd;Wk; miof;fyhk;. 4.Turnout:Kidfs; FWf;fPLfs; njhlH jz;lthsk; (lead rail) Mfpad xd;wha; NrHe;Js;s mikg;G CHjpia jpir khw;Wkhapd; mjw;F (turn out) vd;W ngaH. 5.Facing point or Facing turnoutefUk; ,Ug;g+Hjp (train) Kjypy; (Kidfis) ,izg;ghd;fis (switches) fle;J gpd;dH FWf;fPLfis (crossings) flf;Fkhdhy; mjid Facing point or Facing turnout vd;fpNwhk;. 6.Trailing points or Trailing turnouts:,t;tikg;Gfspy; ,Ug;g+Hjp ,izg;ghd;fis (Kidfis) flf;Fk;. Kjypy; FWf;fPl;il fle;J nrd;W gpd; kw;w ,Ug;Gg;ghijf;F

60

23 a I Write short notes on loading gauge?

Loading gauge vd;gJ jpwe;jntsp ngl;bfspy; nghUl;fis vt;tsT mfyk; kl;Lk; cauj;jpw;F epug;g Ntz;Lk; vd;gij epHzak; nra;tjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; %yk; ngl;bfspy; nghUl;fis Vw;wpa gpd; cs;s mfyk; kw;Wk; cauk; mjpfkhfhky; ghHj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. Loading gauge-I epHzak; nra;tjw;F Ntz;b epug;G jsk; cs;s gFjpapy; nrq;Fj;jhd jz;lthsj;ij epWj;jp mjd; Fwpg;gpl;l cauj;jpy; FWf;F (angle) ()%yk; ,Uk;G jfL njhq;tplg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk;. ,jd;%yk; nghUl;fspd; epug;G msT mjpfkhf Mfhky; epHzak; nra;J uapy; ghijapy; cs;s ghyk; kw;Wk; Fifapd; cs; nry;Yk;NghJ tpgj;ij jtpHf;f cjTk;. 23 a iiWhat are the functions and requiremental of good sleepers? Functions: 1. jz;lthsq;fis rhpahd xl;l mstpy; gpbj;Jf;nfhs;s 2. jz;lthsq;fSf;F rkjsk; Vw;gLj;Jjy; 3. jz;lthsq;fspd; %yk; gSit ngw;W mjid fPOs;s Ballast-F rPuhf mDg;Gjy; 4. ,Ug;Gghijf;F epiyahd cWjpia nfhLj;jy; 5. ,Ug;G ghijia rkjs epiyapy; guhkhpf;f VJthjy; 6. kpd;rhu ,Ug;Gg;ghijapy; kpd;rhuk; gha;tijj; jLj;jy; Requirements of good sleeper 1. rhpahd xl;l msTfis guhkhpf;f VJthf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; 2. jz;lthsq;fspypUe;J tUfpd;w gSitj; jhq;Fk; tifapy; mfd;w gug;G nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; 3. Njitahd cWjp kw;Wk; typikia nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; 4. Rail-Fk; Ballest Fk;; ,ilapy; Njitahd gug;G nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; 5. mjpHr;rpia jhq;Fk; jd;ik nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; 6. Muk;g kw;Wk; guhkhpg;Gr; nryT Fiwthf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; 7. ,Ug;g+Hjp Ntfkhf CHe;J nry;Ytjhy; vspjpy; ,lk; khwf;$lhJ. 8. G+r;rpfspdhy; vspjpy; gOjilaf;$lhJ 57

9. jl;gntg;g khWghLfshy; gOjilaf;$lhJ 10. gOjile;jhy;> rPH nra;jNyh my;yJ jpUj;JjNyh vspjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; 11. nghUj;jTk;> ,izf;fTk; vspjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; 23.b i State the necessity of maintenance of railway track ? Maintenance of railway track-necessaity: 1) ,Ug;Gg;ghij kw;Wk; nraw;gL ghfq;fspd; (Rolling stock) ePz;l fhy cgNahfj;jpw;fhf 2) ,Ug;g+Hjpapd; ,af;fr; nryitf; (operating cost) Fiwf;f 3) kpf;f ghJfhg;Gld; trjpahfg; gazk; nra;jpl 4) rf;fuq;fs; ,Ug;Gg;ghijia tpl;L ,wq;FtijAk; tpgj;Jf;fisAk; jtpHj;J ghJfhj;jpl 5) mjpNtfg; Nghf;Ftuj;ij filgpbj;jpl 6) kpfTk; Ez;ikahd kw;Wk; gpw nghUl;fisAk; gOjpd;wp kpFe;j ghJfhg;ghf vLj;Jr; nrd;wpl 7) kl;lk;> xl;l filg;gpbj;jpl. msT> rha;T kw;Wk; rhpT (count) Mfpatw;iwf;

ii) Explain how the telescopic method of plate laying carried out. ,k;Kiw ,e;jpahtpy; kpfg; gutyhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. Kjypy; kpfg;nghpa kj;jpa Nrkpg;Gf; fplq;Fk;> mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;w ghijAk; gads;s ,Ug;Gg; ghijNah my;yJ njLq;rhiyNah re;jpf;Fkplj;jpw;F mUfpy; mikf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Gpd;dHgzp Ml;fs; %d;W gphpTfshfg; gphpf;fg;gLfpd;wdH. 1. 2. 3. 8. nghUl;fs; FO (Material Gang) ,izg;Gf;FO (Linking in Gang) nrwpTg;gLj;Jk; FO (Packing in Gang) nghUl;fs; FO

,f;FO ruf;Fg; ngl;bfspy; tUfpd;w nghUl;fis fPNo ,wf;Ffpd;wJ. Mtw;iwj; jz;lthsj;jpd; jiyg;gFjpf;F nfhz;L nrd;W ,izg;Gf; FOTf;Ff; tOf;Fj;jfL Kjypatw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jk; ,lj;jpw;F mUfhikapy; itf;fpd;wJ. 2. ,izg;G FO ,f;FO Gjpjhf mikf;fg;gl ,Uf;fpd;w ,Ug;Gg;ghijapd; jpz;by; ikaf;Nfhl;il Fwpf;fpd;wd. gpd;dH JaHfl;ilfis jf;f ,lq;fspy; itf;fpwJ.

Jz;lthsq;fSf;fpilapy; Njitahd ,ilntsp tpl;Lg; nghUj;Jfpd;wJ. Jz;lthsq;fist Of;Fj; jfl;bidf; nfhz;L 58

,izf;fpwJ. tphptiltjw;Fhpa ,ilntspia Inner plate or shim plate nfhz;L rkkhf mikf;fpd;wJ. 3. nrwpTg;gLj;Jk; FO ,izg;Gf;FO jz;lthsq;fisj; JapHfl;ilAld; nghUj;jpa gpd;dH ,f;FO jz;lthsq;fisr; rhpahd xl;l msTf;Fk; NghJkhd rha;Tf;Fk;> kl;lj;Jf;Fk; nfhzu jpz;ilAk; fPo;kz;izAk; JapHfl;iliar; Rw;wpAk; jpzpf;fpwJ. 24 a i Write a short notes on drop pit Drop pit:-,t;tif Fopfs; mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,Ug;Gg;ghijf;F FWf;fhf (nrq;Nfhzj;jpy;)

,jd; %yk; ,uapy; tz;br; rf;fuq;fis gOJ ghHf;fTk;> NrhjidaplTk; KbAk;. NkYk; rf;fuq;fis mr;Rld; Rol;l KbAk;. Ii Draw a neat sketch of left hand turnout and name the various parts on its.

CHjp jpUk;Gk; jpiria nghWj;J ,J Left hand turnout or Right hand turnout vd;W ngaH ngWk;.

59 4.Cellular coffer dam:v/F miwfs; kw;Wk; miwapDs; epug;gg;gLk; nghUs;fNs ,t;tizapd; Kf;fpa $WfshFk;. ,jpy; mizapd; gyj;ij mjpfhpf;f mizapd; cl;Gwj;jpy; (twz;l gFjp) kz; XJf;fq;fs; (berms) mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,g;ngl;b miz diaphragm type and clover leaf type vd ,Utifg;gLk; miwapDs; kz; my;yJ kzy; epug;gg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,J eLj;ju kw;Wk; mjpf cauq;fSf;F nghUj;jkhdit. 5.Earth Embankment or Dyke:kz; my;yJ gpw nghUl;fis nfhz;L foundation Ntiy eilngWk; gug;ig Rw;wp fiu mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; mizapd; Nky; mfyk; kw;Wk; njhlHgw;w Xug;gFjp (free board) fpl;ljl;l 100 mm ,Uj;jy; mtrpak; kz;Nkl;bd; gf;fr; rha;Tfs; (side slopes) kz;zpd; rhpT Nfhzj;ij (angle of repose of soil)I fhl;bYk; mjpfkhf ,Uf;f $lhJ. kz; mizahdJ kzy;> fspkz; my;yJ kzYk; ruisAk; nfhz;l fyitahy; Mdjhf ,Ug;gpd; ,t;thizia kz; ngl;b miz vd;W miof;fyhk;. Fy; epug;gpa ngl;b mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mizapy; nghpa fw;fis nfhz;L fiuahdJ

,jDs; ePH CLUJ Kbahjgb fiuapd; ePH Kfj;jpy; 300mm Kjy; 600mm jbg;gpw;F kz;glyk; mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; tof;fkhf ehH tphpg;Gfs; ePHkl;lg;gFjpapy; mizapy; Nghlg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ePH tpirahy; kz;glyk; rhpe;J tplhky; ,t;tphpg;G ghJfhf;fpwJ. 25.b.i State define abutment state the different types of abutments? cijTfs; (Abutment) vd;gJ ghy Nkw;fl;Lkhdj;jpd; KbTj; jhq;fps; cijTfs; MFk;. ,J nrq;fy;> fw;fs;> fhd;fPhpl; my;yJ tYt+l;ba fhd;fphPl;lhy; mikf;fg;gLk;. cijTfSf;Fg; gpd;Gwk; epug;gg;gl;Ls;s kz;zpd; fPo;kz; ePiu (sub soil water) ntspNaw;wpl cijTfspy; jFe;j ,ilntsp tpl;L frpTj; Jisfs; (weep holes) nghJthff; Fj;jhf

64 7.Facing Directions: Kidfspy; epd;W FWf;fPl;il fhZk; jpirfis Kd;Ndhf;F jpir (Trailing Direction) vd;fpNwhk;. 8.Trailing Direction:FWf;fPl;by; ,Ue;J Kidfis fhZk; jpirf;Fg; gpd;jq;F jpir (Trailing Direction) vd;W ngaH. 24 b i.What are the objects of signalling? 1) ,Ug;g+Hjp epiyaj;jpw;Fs; ghJfhg;ghf ,Ug;g+Hjp tutjw;Fk; Gwg;gl;L nry;tjw;Fk;. 2) xNu ghijapy; XNu jpirapy; nry;Yfpd;w ,Ug;g+Hjp fl;fpilNa Njitahd ghJfhg;Gj; J}uj;ijf; filg;gpbf;f 3) ,Ug;G+h;jpiag; (Shunting) ghJfhg;Gld; jpwikahf Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; efHj;j

4) ,Ug;G ghij kw;Wk; rhiyr; re;jpg;Gfspy; ghJfhg;ghd Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;F 5) ,Onghwp xl;LeUf;Fj; Njitahd J}uj;jpw;F Kd;ghfNt epiyikiar; rpf;dypd; %yk; njhptpf;f 6) guhkhpg;G kw;Wk; gOJghHf;Fk; Ntisfspy; ,Ug;G+Hjpiaf; Fiwe;j Ntfj;jpy; xl;Ltjw;F Ntz;ba nra;jpiaj; ju 7) ghyq;fs; kw;Wk; re;jpg;Gfspy; Kd; $l;bNa ,Ug;g+Hjp Xl;LeUf;F Ntz;ba nra;jpiaj;ju. 8) gpuhdg; ghijAld; fpisg;ghij my;yJ gf;fg;ghij ,iztijf; njhptpf;f. b)ii) Explain with neat sketches the tappets and lock system of interlocking. fit kw;Wk; g+l;l tif ,e;j Kiwapy; cl;gpizg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; nghoJ Njitaw;w njk;GNfhy; nray;ghLfs; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; Kidfs; kw;Wk; rpf;dy;fs; Kiwahf ,af;fg;gLfpd;wd. fit (Toppet) vd;gJ 38kPkP X 16kPkP msTs;s nrt;tf tbt ,Ug;Gj; jflhFk;. ,e;j fl;by; Njitf;Nfw;g glj;jpy; fhl;bAs;sgb g+l;Ltjw;F Vw;whw;Nghy; msitfSk; (Notches) thiufSk; (Recesses) mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. fitAk; g+l;Lk; nek;GNfhy;fSk; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. G+l;L fitf;Fk; FWf;nf (9k;) Nfhzj;jpy; nray;gLk;. nray;gLk; Kiw:

rhjhuzkhf vg;nghOJk; Kidfs; gpujhd ,Ug;Gg; ghijf;Fr; nry;Yk; tifapy; jhd; mikj;jpUf;Fk; (glk;) gpujhd ,Ug;Gg; ghijf;F nry;y Ntz;ba Kidia ,af;f KbahJ. glj;jpy; nek;GNfhy; 1I ,af;fpa 61 gpwF nek;GNfhy; 3I ,af;FtJ jilgl;Lg; Nghtij fhzyhk;. mNj Nghy> nek;GNfhy; 3I ,af;fpa gpd; nek;GNfhy; 1I ,af;FtJ jilgl;Lg; NghFk;. mNj Nghy nek;GNfhy; 2I ,af;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; Kjypy; nek;GNfhy; 3I ,af;f Ntz;Lk;. nek;GNfhy; 3I ,af;fhky; nek;GNfhy; 2I ,af;f KBahJ. NkYk; nek;GNfhy; 4 vd;gJ nray;gl Ntz;Lkhdhy; Kjypy; nek;GNfhy; 1 my;yJ 2 ,y; VjhtJ xd;iwr; nray;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; ,uz;by; xd;iwr; nray;gLj;jpa gpd;jhd; nek;GNfhy; 4I nray;gLj;j KbAk;. mg;gb nek;GNfhy; 4I nray;gLj;jpagpd; kPz;Lk; nek;GNfhy; 4I gioa epiyf;Ff; nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lkhdhy; Kjypy; ,af;fpa nek;GNfhy; 1 my;yJ 2I jpUk;gTk; gioa epiyf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;y Ntz;Lk;. 25 a i.Explain how the ground water is controlled during construction of foundation? Foundation-kz; Njhz;Lk; gzp eilngWk;NghJ ntspahFk; epyj;jb ePH rpy rkaq;fspy; fLk; gpur;rpidfis Vw;gLj;jyhk;. ,jid jLf;f ePiu njhlHr;rpahf ntspNaw;Wk; gzp kpFe;j nrytPdkhdJ. ,e;ePH jLf;fg;glhtpby; Njhz;lg;gl;l gs;sj;jpy; kpFe;j mstpy; GFe;J mjd; tpspk;Gfis mopj;Jk; mhpj;Jk; Nrjg;gLj;Jk;. vdNt> epyj;jb ePH kw;Wk; kz;zpd; jd;ikia mwpe;J> ePhpay; xl;l tpjpfisg; (Laws of hydraulic flow) gad;gLj;jp foundation-Ds; EioAk; epyj;jb ePiu Kbe;j msTf;F fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;. ,k;Kiw rpf;fdkhd foundation mikg;ig cUthf;Fk;. ii. What is coffer dam? Explain with neat sketches the different types of cofferdams. Coffer dam: ghyj;jpd; filf;fhy; twz;l epiyapy; jpwe;j ntspapy; mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. MfNt Ntiy eilngWk; ,lj;jpy; kz; kw;Wk; ePH Gfhky; jLg;gjw;fhf mt;tplj;jpy; mikf;fg;gLk;. jw;fhypf fl;Lkhdj;jpw;F Coffer dam vd;W ngaH. Types: 1. Jflhyhd gpbkhdj; JUj;jp gjpfhy;fs; (cantilever sheet piles) 2. gpizTs;s ngl;b miz (Braced coffer dam) 3. ,ul;il RtH ngl;b miz (Double wall coffer dam) 4. miw miwahd ngl;b miz (cellular coffer dam)

5. kz;NkL my;yJ miz (Earth Embankment dyke) 62

1. Cantilever sheet piles:

jflhyhd RtuhdJ njhlHr;rpahf gy gjpfhy;fs; xd;wd; gf;fj;jpy; kw;nwhd;whf g+kpapDs; ,wf;fg;gl;L nrq;Fj;jhd gpbkhdj; JUj;jpr; Rtuhf cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,r;RtHfs; kz; Nkl;bid jhq;fp epw;fpd;wd. ,it eLj;ju cauj;jpw;F nghUj;jkhdit ,jpy; Cateral deflection and Rthpd; Kd;gf;fj;jpy; Co-rasion-k; Vw;gl tha;g;Gs;sJ. Rpwpa ngl;b mizf;F ,it nghUj;jkhdit ,it nghpjsT ePHf;frptpw;Fk; nts;sr; Nrjj;jpw;Fk; cl;gl;lit. 2. Braced coffer Dam: ,J xU jw;fhypf Rw;wikg;G ,jpy; nrq;Fj;J my;yJ fpilahd jfLfSf;F cl;Gwg; gpizg;Gfis (internal struts) nghUj;jg;gl;L milg;G mikf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jpy; jflhyhd gjpfhy;fs;> cl;Gwg;gpizTfs; kw;Wk; fk;gp thpfs; (wales) cs;sd. ,it rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju cauq;fSf;F nghUj;jkhdJ. ,J nts;sj;jhy; Nrjkila tha;g;Gs;sJ. 3.Double wall coffer dam: ,jpy; cl;Gwk;> ntspg;Gwk; vd ,uz;L thpirf; jflhyhd gjpfhy;fs; ,Oitf; fk;gpfshy; gpizf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; Gjpfhy; thpirfspd; ,ilntsp> kz; my;yJ kzy; Jfs;fshy; epug;gg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

,j;Jld; cs;thpirapd; cl;Gwj;jpy; (twz;l gFjp) kz;NkL mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. eLj;ju cauq;fSf;F ,J kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdJ. 63

7.Define surface Dnssing? Refer MQ (1) Q.No.7 8.What is called Highway Realignment project? xU Gjpa neLQ;rhiyia epuy;gLj;Jk; NghJ> fl;Lkhdr; nryT> tpgj;Jfspd; msT guhkhpg;G kw;Wk; thfdk; nray;ghLr; nryT Mfpatw;iw mjpfhpf;Fk; xU rhpapy;yhj my;yJ jtwhd epuy;gLj;Jjy; NeHe;jplhj tz;zk; ftdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU rhiy epuy;gLj;jg;gl;L fl;lg;gl;lgpd;. mLj;jpUf;Fk; epyq;fspd; kjpg;gpy; cs;s mjpfhpg;G kw;Wk; nryT kpf;f fl;Lkhdk; fhuzkhf mjidNa kWepuy;gLj;JtJ fbdkhFk;. 9.Write any two functions of Ballast? 1) nghUj;jkhd mbj;jsj;ij Vw;gLj;jpj; Japw;fl;ilfis ed;F gpLj;J nfhs;sy; 2) Japw;fl;ilfspd; topahf tUfpd;w gSit g+kpapd; mfd;w gug;gpw;F khw;wp> gStpd; mOj;jj;ijf; Fiwj;jy;. 10.What is turn tabue? Refer (Model Question paper-1) Q.No.4.18 11.What are the two methods of laying sleepers for points and omissings? 1) ePz;l Japw;fl;il kiw (through sleeper method) 2) ,ilr;nrUF Japw;fl;il Kiw (Interfaced sleepers method) 12.State the Principles of Inter locking? Refer (MQ2) Q.No.16 13.What is meant by wear of Rail? jz;lthsq;fspd; jiyg;gFjpapd; kPJ rf;fuq;fspd; %yk; tUfpd;w gSthdJ jpUk;g jpUk;g tUtjhy; mjd; Nky;gFjpfspy; Vw;gLfpd;w msTfspd; ,Og;ig jz;lthsq;fspy; Nja;khdk; vd;fpNwhk;. 14.Write any two advantages of welding of rail? 1) jz;lthsq;fspd; ePsq;fis ,izg;Gfspd; %yk; mjpfg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk;.

2) jz;lthsq;fsppd; cile;j ghfq;fs;> Gs;spfs; re;jpg;Gfs; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; Vw;gLfpd;w ,og;Gfis rhpnra;aTk;.

68 (vertical) my;yJ rpwpjsT Fj;Jr; rha;thf (Batter) mikf;fg;gLk;. cijTfspd; kz; Kfq;fs; (Earth face) gb mikg;ghf (stepped) my;yJ 1f;F 6 vd;w Fj;Jr;rha;T nfhz;ljhf mikf;fg;gLk;. cijTfspd; Nkw;gug;G jl;ilahf my;yJ rhpthf mikf;fg;gl;L mjd; Nky; Nkw;fl;Lkhdk; mikf;fg;gLk;. Type of Abutment:1) RtH tisT ghyj;jpw;fhd cijT 2) tYt+l;ba fd;fphPl; tisT ghyj;jpw;fhd cijT 3) ngUe;Jyk; nfhz;l ghyj;jpw;fhd cijT. 25 b ii.Explain different types of bridges according to if super structure with neat sketch. Types of bridges According to its super structure: 1) %ba tif (Deck type) 2) ePl;ba tif (Through type) 3) gFjp ePl;ba tif (Semi through type) %ba tif:,t;tifapy; rhiyj;jsk; ngUe;J}yf; FWf;Fr; rl;lq;fspd; Nky; tpspk;Gg; mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; Nkw;fl;Lkhdk; caHe;j nts;s kl;lj;jpw;F (M.F.L.) rhiyj;js kl;lj;jpw;Fk; (Road level) ,ilapy; jFe;j jpwe;jntsp (clearance) tpl;L mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;

ePl;bat if:-

,t;tifapy; rhiyj;jsk; ngUe;J}u FWf;Fr; rl;lq;fspd; fPo; tpspk;gpy; gpJf;fj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; gpujhd ngUe;J}yq;fs; my;yJ Nkw;fl;Lkhdj;jpd; tisTfs; ghyj;jpd; ,UGwk; rhiy kl;lj;jpw;FNky; ePl;bf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;. 65

gFjp ePl;batif: ,t;tifapy; rhiyj;jsk; nghUe;J}yq;fspy; ika cauj;jpw;F mUfpy; mikf;fg;gl;L FWf;Fj; J}yq;fshy; jhq;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,J %ba tif kw;Wk; ePl;ba tifiar; rPHgLj;jpa Nkw;fl;Lkhd tif vd;gJ njspT. ,jpy; ghyj;jpd; Nkw;fl;Lkhdj;jpd; xU gFjp caHe;j nts;s kl;lj;jpw;Fk; rhiy kl;lj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; mike;jpUf;Fk; kPjpg;gFjp rhiy kl;lj;jpw;F Nky; ePl;bf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

66

TRANSPORTING ENGINEERING MODEL QUESTION III PART A

1.What is super elevation? Refer model Question paper (i) Q.No. 2.Distinguish between Road camber and Road Gradience Road Camber Road Gradian

1.rhiyapd; FWf;Nf 1. rhiyapd; Nkw;gug;gpd; ePsthf;fpy; ikaj;jpypUe;J tpspk;ig mikf;fg;gLk; Nehf;fpf; nfhLf;fg;gLk; 2. rhiyapd; 2. CHjp topapd; ePsthf;fpy; caUk; ntsptpspk;igAk; ika my;yJ jhOk; cr;rpiaAk; ,izf;Fk; jhzpd; tpfpjkhFk; thl;l tpfpjk; 3.Write down types of Road Rollers 1) kOq;Fr; rf;fu cUis ( wheeled roller) 2) Fsk;G kpjp cUis (Sheeps foot roller) 3) fhw;wilj;j gl;il cUisfs; (Prematic ttyped rollers) 4.What is called cross drainage of Hill roads? Kiyr;rhiy nry;Yk; topapy; MWfs;> mUTfspypUe;J topAk; ePNuhilfs; Nghd;w ,aw;if ePHg;Nghf;Ffs; FWf;fplyhk;. ,j;jifa ePHNghf;Ffs; rhiyiaf; flf;f tbkhdq;fs; cjTk;. 5.What do you mean by soil compaction?

fhw;Wj; Jisfis ePf;fp kz;Jfs;fis ,Wf;fp xd;wpidj;jNy kz; mOj;jk; vdg;gLk;. ,jd; %yk; mOj;jk; mwpayhk;. 6.Define Atterberg limits? kz;zhdJ ePhpd; jd;ikaw;W> kz; cile;J tbTw;Wg; Nghf tha;g;Gs;sJ vd;gNj mjd; jFjp my;yJ ePbj;j khw;wkw;w epiy (Atterberg limit) vdg;gLk;.

67

ii. What are the causes of road accidents and mention the methods prevention of accidents in roads? (8) Refer (M.Q 2) Q.No. & 1 (B) 22 a i.Explain various stages involved in a highway project? neLQ;rhiy jpl;lk; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sitfis nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. 1. 2. 3. 4. mwpf;if kjpg;gPL tpiyfs; gw;wpa Ma;T tiuglq;fs;

1. mwpf;if (Report) jpl;lq;fspd; kpf Kf;fpakhd ghfj;jpy; xd;W ,JthFk; mwpf;ifapy; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sitfs; mlq;f Ntz;Lk;. Ntiyapd; ngaH mjpfhuKilatH mjw;fhd mtrpak; Nghf;Ftuj;J mfd;w epyk; kw;Wk; jl;gntg;gepiy ,Uf;Fk; rhiy kw;Wk; KbntL;f;fg;gl kjpg;gPl;by; nra;ag;gl;Ls;s Vw;ghLfs; tpiyfs; Ntiyia Vw;Ws;s epWtdk; Nkk;ghLfs gw;wpa tptuk;

1. Nghf;Ftuj;J fpisg;ghijf;Fk;> Kjd;ikg; ghijf;FkpilNa khw;Wtjw;F trjpfs; . ,U epiyaj;NjhL KbTWk; ngl;bfis Rj;jg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> gOJghHg;gjw;Fk; chpa trjpfs; tpiyfs;

72

15.Write types of crossings? 1) rhjhuz my;yJ FWq;Ndhzf; FWf;fPL (Ordinary (or) Acute crossing) 2) ,ul;il my;yJ tphpNfhzf; FWf;fPL (Double or obtuse crossing) 3) rJu my;yJ nrq;Nfhzf; FWf;fPL (Square corssing) 16. Write down the functions Goods yards? i) The process of yards for Loading and unloading. ii) Receiving trains for Reparing and departure. 17.Define causeway ? epiyaw;w ePHg;Nghf;Fs;s MWfs; my;yJ ePNuhilfisr; rhiy flg;gjw;fhf epWtg;gLk; fl;Lkhd mikg;ig (cause ways) vd;fpNwhk;. 18.What do you mean by scour? Refer Model Questions-2 Q.No.: 19.Write types of foundation? 1) ghiw kw;Wk; twz;l kz; glyj;jpd; kPJ mikAk; rhjhuz filf;fhy 2) epyj;jb ePUld; <ur; nrwpTs;s kz; glyj;jpd; kPJ mikAk; filf;fhy; 3) ePhpDs; mikAk; filf;fhy.

20.Write uses of piers:1) ghyj;jpd; Nkw;fl;Lkhdj;jpypUe;J mDg;Gjy; tUk; gSit ngw;W filf;fhYf;F

2) ghyj;jpd; KO ,ilePsj;ij gy ,ilePsq;fshfg; gphpj;jy 69

PART B 21.Explain standard proctor compaction test to determine moistureDensity relationship of soils (12)

,e;j cgfuzj;jpy; cUis mr;RthHg;G (mould) 1000 cc jFjpAld; xU ePf;fj;jFe;j mbj;jsj;jl;L> xU Collar kw;Wk; jukhd 2.6 kg vilAs;s Rj;jp (Rammer) mtw;Wld; xU ifl; l;a+g; 310kpkP Jspia msf;fj; jFe;jjhf

midj;Jk; cs;sd.Volume (V) and weight (W1) Mfpa twz;l thHglj;jpd; (mould) Kf;fpa jd;ikfs; cWjp nra;ag;gLk;. cl;Gwk; fphP]; nfhz;L jltg;ngWk;. gpwF mould-MdJ fphP]; jltg;gl;l jsj;jpy; cs;s jl;by; ,Wf;fp mikf;fg;gLk;.PH Njitahd mstpw;F tplg;gl;L 3 fp.fp vilAs;s twz;l kz; Is 480 sieve %yk; nrYj;jg;gl;Lf; fyf;fg;gLk;.mJ %d;W rkkhd gbTfshf (layer) kz; mould-y; milf;fg;gLk; mj;Jld; collar ,izf;fg;gLk;. 70 25 Kiw mbj;J ,Wf;Ftjd; %yk; xU rammer xt;nthU layer-Ak; jpul;b ,Uf;Fk;. 310mm fisj; jpul;b jpzpj;jgpd; Nkw;GwkhdJ chpa bond %yk; xt;nthU layer-Uk; ed;F xl;lg;gLk; (roughened) mjpfkhf cs;s kz; xU NeHg;gyif (straight edge) %yk; jl;lg;gl;L Nkw;Gwk; rPuhf;fg;gLk;. cs;spl;l kz;Zld; mould-d; vil (W2) MFk;. Fwpg;gpl;l kz;zpd; mwpag;gLk; (w) ePH rpwpJ nra;ag;gLk;. khjphp (sample) vLf;fg;gl;L Nkw;fz;l ePH Nrhjid cs;slf;fk; jpUk;gr;

rpwpjhf

mjpfhpf;fg;gl;L

xt;nthU Kiw ePH NrHf;fg;gLk; NghJk; fPo;f;fz;l tpguq;fs; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. Weight of soil in the mould = (w2-w1) Bulk density of the soil = --------------- Dry Density of the soil soil d = ---------------1+w gpd;G xU Graph MdJ tiuag;gl;L ePhpd; rjtPjk; abscissas-y; vt;tsT cs;sJ vd;Wk; nghUj;jkhd cyH mlHj;jp (ordinates) vd;Wk; mwpag;gLk; ,jd;%kyk; ePhpd; mwpag;gLk;. mjpfgl;r (OMC) optimum moisture content (w2-w1)

21. b i.Draw a cross section of road structure and mention its compenent parts (4) marks

71

Arrangements in junction stations: Ntiyia Vw;Ws;s epWtdk; Ntiyia Kbf;f Ntz;ba fhy msT ed;ik jUk; gpuj;jpNaf tptuk; gw;wp NtW VNjDk; Fwpg;G 1. ruf;Ffis ngl;bAld; epWj;j gf;fg;ghij (good siding) ,Onghwp epWj;Jkplk; (Engine shed) jpUg;G Nkil (turn table) Nghd;w trjpfs; 2. Terminal station: ,Ug;Gg;ghijapd; Muk;gk; kw;Wk; KbTfspy; ,e;epiyaq;fs; mikf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

76 kjpg;gPL ( Estimate) gzg;Gof;fk; gw;wpa njspthf tptuj;ijAk; mJ eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; rhj;jpaj;ijAk; jpl;l kjpg;gPL ju Ntz;Lk;. fPNH nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tptuq;fis kjpg;gPL nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. kjpg;gPL gw;wpa xU KOikahd RUf;fk; xt;nthU jiyg;gpw;Fk; MFk; nrytpd; KO RUf;fk; msTfs; gw;wpa tptuq;fs; of Rates). tpiyfs; gw;wpa elg;G xJf;fPl;by; NrHf;fg;glhj midj;J nghUl;fSf;Fk; chpa tpiyfs; gw;wpa xU Ma;it jahH nra;a Ntz;Lk;. xU neLQ;rhiy jpl;lj;jpy; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tiuglq;fs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. Site plan Plan of L section Cross section drawing Population maps Agricultural and industrial maps

22 a ii. Explain the different operations involved in the construction of cement concrete road? Refer model question paper -1 Q.No: 22 b. 22 b i. Explain method of construction of water Bound macadam road with sketch (6) ---------- Refer M.Q.1-23 (B) ii

iiWhat are the points to beconsidered while aligning a Hill road? (6) ------------- Refer (M.Q.) 23 a i. What is meant by plate laying? Explain any two methods of plate laying (6) Plate laying: jahhpf;fg;gl;l jiuapd Nky; jpz;Lg;gLf;ifaikj;J mjd;kPJ Japw;fl;ilfisj; jz;lthsq;fNshL nghUj;jp KOtJk; Gjpa ,Ug;g+Hjpg;ghij mikg;gij Plate laying vd;fpNwhk;; Types: buhk; topKiw my;yJ Gw topKiw (Tram line method or side line method) njhlHKiw (Telescopic method) American method PQRS method 73 1. Tram line (or) side line method: Rkjs g+kpapy; Gjpa ,Ug;Gg;ghij mikf;f ,k;Kiw kpfTk; Vw;wJ. NkYk; gioa ,Ug;Gg;ghijf;Fk; mUfpay; Ntz;bapUe;jhy; ,k;Kiwia gad;gLj;jyhk;. kw;WnkhU ghij mikf;f

gpd;tUk; ,uz;L Kiwfspy; VNjDk; xU Kiwapy; Gjpa ,Ug;Gg;ghijia mikf;fyhk;. Gjpajhf mikf;fg;gl ,Uf;fpd;w ,Ug;Gg; ghijf;F mUfpy; jw;fhypfkhf rhiynahd;iw mikj;J mjd; topNa Njitahd nghUl;fis Ntiy elf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;F nfhz;L nry;Yjy; Gjpajhf mikf;fg;gl ,Uf;fpd;w ,Ug;Gg; ghijf;F ,izahf mUfhikapy; jw;fhypfkhf ,Ug;Gg;ghij mikj;J mjd; %yk; Njitahd nghUl;fis ruf;Fg; ngl;bfspy; nfhz;L nry;Yjy; ,e;j jw;fhypf ,Ug;Gg; ghijf;F Tram line method vd;W ngaH 2. Telescopic method ----------- Refer Model Question paper -2 23(B) 3. American Method ,k;Kiwapy; ghij mikf;Fk; rpwg;G ,ae;jpuk; cgNahfpf;fg;gLfpwJ ,k;Kiwapy; mjpf nryT Mtjhy; ,e;jpahtpy; ifahsg;gLtjpy;iy.

Gjpa ,Ug;Gg;ghij KOikAk; ghij mikf;Fk; gzpkidapy; ,izf;fg;gl;L KOg;ghijAk; gSJ}f;fp (Cranes) nfhz;L jz;lths jsg;gFjpf;F nfhz;L nry;yg;gLfpwJ ,Ug;Gg;ghij mikAkplj;jpy; tOf;Fj;jfL> tOf;Fj; jpUfhzp Mfpaitfis nfhz;L jz;lths ,izg;G kl;Lk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ii.What are the characteristics of good Ballest material (6) Refer M.Q.-1 23 (A) 23. b i. What is meant by creep? List out its causes and effect. ,Ug;Gg;ghijapy; jz;lthskhdJ ,lg;ngaHr;rp vd;fpNwhk;. Causes: jz;lthsq;fspy; Vw;gLfpd;w miyfs; Nghd;w ngaHr;rp ,Onghwp fpsk;Gfpd;wnghOJ> Ntfk; mjpfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wnghOJ> Ntfk; Fiwf;fg;gLfpd;wnghOJ> ,Onghwp epWj;Jfpd;wnghOJ Vw;gLfpd;w khWgl;l tPirapdhy; 74 ntg;gj;jpd; khWghl;lhy; jz;lthsq;fspy; Vw;gLfpd;w tphpthf;fk; kw;Wk; RUq;Fjyhy; Fiwe;j jFjpAs;s Japw;fl;ilfs; cgNahfg;gLj;Jtjhy; NjitNfw;w fopTePH nry;y Kbahj fhuzj;jhy;. Effects: Japw;fl;il ,lk; khWfpd;w nghOJ ,Ug;Gg; ghijapd; msTfSk; jz;lthsKk; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wd. jz;lthsq;fspd; ,izg;gpy; cs;s ,ilntsp mjpfkhfpd;w nghOJ tOf;Fj; jfL kw;Wk; jpUfhzpf;F nry;Yk; gS mjpfkhfp mJ ciltjw;F VJthFk; Points and crossings cs;s msTfs; khWtjw;F VJkhfpwJ. ,jdhy; Gs;spfis ,af;Ftjw;Fk; rpuKk; Vw;gLk;. ii. Describe with sketches, the different types of rails? 1. ,Ujiyj; jz;lthsk; (Double Headed Rail) 2. jpz;Lj; jz;lthsk; (Bull Headed Rail) 3. jstbj; jz;lthsk; (Fiat-Footed Rail) 24 a i What is meant by Turn out? Explain component parts of left hand turnout with sketch (6) -------- Refer M.Q.2 24(A) ii.Explain in detail the types of stations based on their functional utility? (6) rkkpy;yhj ePsthl;by; ,lk; ngaHtijNa ePstl;l

1. Gwtop epiyak; (way side stations) 2. re;jpg;G epiyak; (Junction stations) 3. KbT epiyak; (Terminal stations) 1. Way side stations: ,e;epiyaj;jpy; ,Ug;g+Hjpfs; xd;iwnahd;W flf;fTk;. Xd;iwnahd;W jhz;br; nry;yTk; trjpfs; nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,it %d;W tifg;gLk;. 1. epw;wy; epiyak; (Halt staions) 2. nrYj;jy; epiyak; (Flag stations) 3. flT epiyak; (crossing stations) 3. Junctions stations: fpisg;ghijahdJ (Branch line) Kjd;ikg; ghijia (main line) re;jpf;Fk; ,lj;ij Junction station vd;fpNwhk;.

75 tistpd; KbTfs; Njhd;Wk; njhlf;ftplq;fis (springing) xd;whf ,izf;Fk; Nfhl;by; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;s ,Oitr;rl;lj;Jld; (tie beam) ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,Oit rl;lk; fk;gp tisTld; gy Gs;spfspy; (susbenders) ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.rhiyj;jsj;jpd; gSit ,Oit rl;lk; ngw;W tisTj; njhq;fpfs; topahf mDg;GfpwJ.ghyj;jpd; rhiyj;jskhdJ rhjhuz gyif nfhz;l mikg;ghf ,Uf;Fk;. Tistpd; ,il ce;jiy ePf;f cijTfspd; Nky; cUis jhq;fpfs; nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Arrangements in Terminal stations: 1. ePiu epug;gp Rj;jg;gLj;j> epyf;fhp epug;g> ,Onghwpapid gOJ ghHf;Fk; trjpfs; 2. ,Onghwpapid xU jpirapypUe;J kW jpirf;F jpUg;Gtjw;F jpUg;G Nkil (turn table) d; %yk; jpUg;gg;gLfpwJ. 3. mikg;ghz;ikf;F tisT tisthd rl;lkhf fUjg;gLk;. 4. ghyj;jpd; ,uz;L tisTfSk; mjd; Nky;kl;lj;jpy; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;s FWf;F rl;lq;fshy; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. 5. ,jdhy;> tisTfs; gf;fthl;by; tisahky; cWjpahf ,Uf;Fk;. 6. ,t;tif ghyq;fs; 175kP tiuapyhd ,ilePsq;fSf;F nghUj;jkhdit. 25 b ii.What are the functions of foundation? What are the factos to be considered in the selection of foundation for a bridge? (6)

Function of foundation: ----Refer M.Q. 2 18 Selection of foundation for a bridge? 1. ghyj;jpd; tif 2. filf;fhypd; NkNyWk; gSf;fs; 3. ePhpd; jpir Ntfk; 4. kz; Ruz;ly; Mok; 5. filf;fhy; miktplj;jpy; gjpt nra;ag;gl;l High flood level, low flood level and Depth of flow. 6. fl;Lkhdj;jpw;F Njitg;gLk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs;(Equipments) fpilf;Fk; rhjf epiyik 7. gapw;rp ngw;w Njitahl;fs; (skilled labours) Njit. 80

ruf;F Nghf;Ftuj;jpidf; ifahs;tjw;F gy;NtW tifahd Kw;wq;fs; (yards) 24 b i.Explain in detail the type of signals based on their functional characteristics? (8) 1. epWj;jw; rpf;dy; my;yJ nrk/NghH rpf;dy; (stop or semaphone signals) 2. vr;rhpf;if rpf;dy; (Warner signal) 3. tl;lj;jfL my;yJ epy rpf;dy; (Disc or ground signal) tz;z xsp rpf;dy; (coloured light signal) Stop or semaphone signal ,t;tif signal xU nrq;Fj;J J}zpy; ,Uk;gpdhy; MdFWf;F rl;lj;Jld; NkYk; > fPOk; mirtjw;F VJthf mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,t;tif rpf;dy;fs; FWf;fhf ,Uk;gpdhyhd if nrq;Fj;Jf;F fPo;Nehf;fp 40o Kjy; 60o Nfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy; nry;f vd;w nghUshFk;. Gfy; Neuq;fspy; FWf;Ff; iffspd; epiyg;ghLfis itj;J rpf;dy;fs; mwpTWj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,uT Neuq;fspy; xsp tpsf;Ffs; %ykhf rkpf;iQfs; njhptpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,it vy;yh epiyaq;fspYk; mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

Warner Signal ,jd; FWf;Ff; ifapy; V tbtk; gpsT xd;W ,Uf;Fk;. ,jd; gpujhd Ntiy xl;LdUf;F vr;rhpf;ifia toq;FtNj MFk;. ,J epWj;jw; rkpf;iQfs; Nghd;Nw mike;jpUf;Fk;. Disc or ground signal: ,t;tif rpf;dy;fs; epiya Kw;wj;jpy; ,Ug;G+Hjpg; ngl;bfis Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; efHj;jp chpa ,lj;jpy; NrHg;gjw;fhf cgNahfpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,tw;wpd; Fwp tl;ltbtj;jhy; Mdit. ,J nts;is tz;zj;jpy; FWf;fhf rptg;G epwk; gl;iliag; ngw;wpUf;Fk;. Rptg;Gg;gl;il fpilahf ,Ue;jhy; epWj;Jf vd;Wk;>45o Nfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy; nry;f vd;Wk; nghUs;. ,uT Neuq;fspy; gr;ir xsp nry;f vd;Wk; rptg;G xsp epWj;Jf vd;Wk; rkpf;iQapLk;.,e;j tl;lj;NjhL epy kl;lj;jpypUe;J 0.7 kP cauj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;. 77 Coloured light signals: ,t;tif Signal jhdpaf;f rkpf;iQfSf;fhf ,Ug;Gg; ghijfspy; gad;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;wpd; iffs; vJTk; mirahky; kpd;rhu xsp %ykhf gfy; kw;Wk; ,uT Neuq;fspy; rkpf;iQfs; eilngWfpd;wd. ,r;rkpf;iQfSf;fhf rkpf;iQfs; eilngWfpd;wd. ,r;rkpf;iQfSf;fhf %d;W tHzq;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 24 b ii.List out the methods used for the control of movements of trains. Explain any one. (4) ,Ug;g+Hjp ,Ug;Gg;ghijapy; njhlHr;rpahf vt;tpj ,ila+Wk; ,y;yhky; ghJfhg;ghf nry;tjw;fhff; rpy fl;Lg;ghl;LKiwfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. 1. gpd;njhlH ,Ug;g+Hjp my;yJ fhy ,ilntsp tif. (Following Train or Time interval system) 2. KOiktl;lhu tif (Absolute Block system) 3. jhdpaf;f rpf;dy; tif (Automatic signalling) 4. Kd; ghJfhg;G tif (pilog Guard system) 5. ikaf;fl;Lg;ghl;L ,af;f tif (Centralised Traffic control system) (i) Following Train or Time interval system ,k;Kiwapy; ,Ug;g+Hjpfs; Fwpg;gpl;l fhy ,ilntspapy; xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf XNu jpirapy; mDg;gpitf;fg;gLk;. ,e;jf;Fwpg;gpl;l fhy ,ilntsp ,uz;L ,Ug;g+Hjpf;F ,ilNa ghJfhg;ghfr nry;y Ntz;ba J}uj;ijg; nghWj;J

epHzapf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;ehspy; njhiyg;Ngrp kw;Wk; je;jp Mfpad jilg;gl;lhy; ,e;j tif gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. 25 a i.What are the points to be considered for site selection and alignment of bridges? (6) Site selection: 1) ePNuhil FWfyhfTk;> ed;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;l fiufis nfhz;ljhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. 2) Ghyj;jpd; filf;fhy; gFjp Fiwe;j Moj;jpNyNa ghiwahf ,Ug;gJ kpfTk; ey;yJ 3) Roy; kw;Wk; FWf;F ePNuhl;lk; (Cross Current) ,y;yhj gFjp 4) FWfpa tisTfsw;w mZFr; rhiyg;gFjpfs; ,Uj;jy; mtrpak; 5) ePHkl;lj;jpw;F fPNo mjpfkhd fl;Lkhd Ntiyfs; ,y;yhj ,lq;fs; 78 6) ghyk; mikg;gjw;fhd nryTk;> guhkhpg;Gr; nryTk; kpfTk; Fiwe;jjhf ,Uj;jy; mtrpak;. Alignment of Bridges: 1. Alignment rpf;fdkhdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; 2. Alignment-bdhy; kz; mhpg;G kw;Wk; kz; gbT Nghd;w Gjpa ghjpg;Gfs; Vw;glhky; jdpf;ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. 3. Kbe;j msT ghyj;jpd; ikaf;NfhL tisthdjhf ,y;yhky; ghHj;Jf;nfhs;tJ ey;yJ. Vnddpy; tisthd ghyk; mikg;gJk;> guhkhpg;gJk; vspjhdjy;y. 5. ,jdhy; kpFe;j nrythFk; kw;Wk; tpgj;Jf;fs; Vw;gl tha;g;Gs;sJ. 25 a ii.What are causeway is? List out three classifications of causeways and explain any one in details (6) ----------Refer M.Q. 1 25 (A) 25 b i.With neat sketches explain the Browstring girder bridge(6)

 ,jd; tisT rhiyj;jsj;jpw;F Nky; KOtJkhf ePl;bapUf;Fk; ,g;ghyk; v/F my;yJ tYT+l;ba Concrete- dhy; mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,jpy; ,uz;L fk;gp tisTfs; (Arched ribs) ghyj;jpd; ,U Gwq;fspYk; mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; 79 18. What you mean by casting and reducing abstract?
.

19. How the dimensions are squard?

, .

20. State the entered dimensions are cancelled?

.

PART-B 21. a The particular of a proposed residential building are given below.

Carpet area = 216m2 Circulation area =12% of plinth area Non liable area = 6% of plinth area Wall area = 10% of plinth area. Total expenditure of recently constructed similar residential building of plinth area 350m2 Is Rs. 4900000. Calculate the approximate cost of proposed building. Solution: Plinth area = 100%+12%+6%+10% Old building plinth area =350m2 Plinth area of new building =216x Cost of 1m2 in old building = Cost of new building = 276x14000 84 =276m2 = Rs.14000. =Rs.38, 64,000. =128%

ESTIMATING AND COSTING I Model Question Paper 1 PART-A

1. Differentiate group system and trade system in quantity surveying. Group system:
.

Trade system:
.

2.What do you mean by contingenucy provision?

 . ,

3. What is the purpose of preparing preliminary estimate for a project?

, . ,

4. Define term carpet area of building?

non livable / area & area circulation

..

5. Methods used in determine the volume of irregular solids?

1. 2.

81

3. 4. 5.

simson rule

6. Write the trapezoidal rule used to calculate the area of an irregualr field.
area .

A=d/2[(00T0n)+2(01+02+......0n-1) 7. Differentiate level section and two level section Level section:
.

Two level section:

r:1

8. In which practical case you come across a section with partial cutting and partial embankment?
.

9. State uses of standard data book in the analyse of rates.

.

10. What is meant by lead cost?

lead cost .

11. Why sundries provision is provided in the analysis of rates?

, .

82 12. How could the rates arrived for items of works not mentioned in the standard data book.
. , ,

13. Define abstract estimate

14. Function of the abstract?

. .

. .

15. What do you mean by individual wall method of taking of quantities?

/

. .

16. State the unit of work pointing of stone masonry with cement mortar Unit of work pointing of stone masonry with cement mortar m2. 17. Write any two advantages of group system of estimating quantities?
.,Oit

rl;lk; fpil ce;jiy jhq;FfpwJ. Cijfs; nrq;Fj;J vjpH tpidia kl;Lk; jhq;Ftjhy; ,it nkypjhf ,Uf;Fk;.
.

83

Area = d/2 { (oo+on)+2(o1+o2+.+on)} D= 15-0= 15m Area = 15/2 { (0+0)+2(2.4+3.7+5.4+8.2+6.9+5.7+3.1)} Area = 531m2. 2. Simpson rule Area = { (o1+on)+4(o3+o5+...+on-1)+2(o2+o4+.....+on-2)} Area = { (0+0)+4(3.7+8.2+.5.7)+2(2.4+5.4+6.9+3.1)}

Area =530m2. Result: To calculated area by

1. Trapezoidal rule (A) = 531m2 2. Simpson rule(A) = 530m2 22.b It is proposed to cut a drain of 1km length with a uniform base width of 5m. The depth of cutting will be 3m at the starting point, 4.2m at the midpoint and 5m at the end point . The side slope of 2:1 on left side and 1.5:1 on the right sides. Compute the volume of earth work using prismoidal formula. Solution: Area of starting point:

Top width= 5+(2x3)+(2x3) = 17m Area A= xh 88

Result: Cost pf new building=Rs.38,64,000 21.b.i List the duties and requirement of good quantity surveyor.

. ,

21 b.ii. A brick masonry wall of 200m2 area has to plastered with 12mm thick 1:4 cement morter. Allowing 15% excess mortar for wastage and undulations in the surface. Calculate the quantity of cement (in kg) and sand (in m3) required for the work. Solution: Area of plastering = 200m2 Plastering thick = 12mm=0.012m Requirement of cement mortar 200m2 = 200x0.012=2.4m3 Wastage of cement mortar due to undulation = 15% So volume of cement mortar = (2.4x1.15)=2.76m3 Requirement of sand in 2.76m3 = 2.76m3 85

Requirement of cement in 2.76m3 = 2.76x360 = 995kg.

Result: Requirement of sand = 2.76m3 Requirement of cement = 995kg

22.a. i Explain mid ordinate rule and end ordinate rule used for calculating area of irregular shape. End ordinate rule:

 , .

A= o0d +o1d+o2d+o3d A= d(o0 +o1+o2++on-1)

86

Mid ordinate rule: Mid

ordinate

A= d(m1+m2+m3++on)
22. a.ii Two offset measured to the curved boundary of a land from a straight chain line are given below. Compute the area enclosed by the boundary and chain line by Trapezoidal and Simpson rule.

Chainage(m) 0

15

30

45

60

75

90

105

120

Offsets(m)

2.4

3.7

5.4

8.2

6.9

5.7

3.1

Required Data: To calculate area by 1. Trapezoidal rule 2. Simpson rule Solution:1. Trapezoidal rule Area = d/2 { (oo+on)+2(o1+o2+.+on)} 87 23.b i. Flush pointing RR masonry will cement mortar Solution: Quantity Description Rate Unit Amount

Cement Mortar 1:4 0.09m3 1.6nos 17.7nos 14.1nos Mason category II Mazdoor category I Mazdoor category II

2655 500 400 275

m3 per day per day per day

238.95 800 200 302.5

Rate for 10m2 Rate for 1m2

1541.45 Rs.154.145

ii. Supplying and fixing 100mm dia rain water pipes - 3m Quantity Description Rate Unit Amount

3m 2nos 4nos 1nos 0.1%

A.C pipe 100mm dia M.S clamp T.W plugs Plumber Cement Packing

77 16 3 550 LS

1m nos nos each LS Rate for 3m

231 32 12 550 8.25 Rs.833.25

92 Area A= x3 = 33m2

Area of mid point:

Top width= 5+(2x4.2)+(2x4.2) = 21.8m Area A= Area of end point: x4.2 = 56.28m2

Top width= 5+(2x5)+(2x5) = 25m Area A= x5= 75m2

Volume of prismoidal rule: Volume= { (start+end)+4(even point)} Volume= { (33+75)+4(56.28)}

Volume=55520m3. Result: Volume of earth work in cutting=55520m3. 89

23.a Analyse and determine the rates of the following items of work with the given data. Flooring with 100mm tk base concrete using 40mm size broken stone in cement mortar 1:4 and finished with 20mm tk pattern cement concrete surface 10m2. Sub Data: cm 1:4 Quantity Description Rate Unit Amount

360kg 1m3 1m3

Cement Sand Mixing Charges

291 360 200

50kg m3 m3 Total

2095.2 360 200 Rs.2655.2

Cement concrete base with 40 mm broken stone in CM 1:4 10 m3 Quantity Description Rate Unit Amount

9.5 m3 3.8m3 1.8nos 17.7nos 14.1nos

40 mm broken stone Cement Mortar 1:4 Mason category II Mazdoor category I Mazdoor category II

460 2655.2 500 400 275 Rate for 10m3 Rate for 1m3

m3 m3 each each each

4370 10089.76 900 7080 3877.5 26317.26 Rs.2631.726

90

Flooring with 100mm tk base concrete using 40mm size broken stone in cement mortar 1:4 and finished with 20mm tk pattern cement concrete surface 10m2.

Quantity

Description

Rate

Unit

Amount

1 m3 0.24m3 117kg 0.5nos 1.1nos 4.3nos

Cement concrete base Stone chips Cement Mason category I Mazdoor category I Mazdoor category II Labour for tampering base concrete course

2631.72 600 291 550 400 275 400

m3 m3 50kg each each each 10m2

2631.72 144 680.94 275 440 1182.5 400

Labour for finishing the 450 10m2 floor work Rate for 10m2

450 Rs.26317.26

91

ESTIMATING AND COSTING I Model Question Paper II PART-A

1.Define Estimation? xU jpl;l kjpg;gPL nra;tjw;F xU nghwpahsw;f;F tiuglk; tlptikg;G fl;Lkhd tptuq;fs; Ntiyahl;fs; Njit kw;Wk; mjd; tpiy Kjypa tptuq;fs; mwpe;jpUj;jy; mtrpak;. Vy;yh nghwpahsw;f;Fk; xU jpl;lj;jpd; Njguha kjpg;gPL nra;a Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; NtYk; tiuglj;jpd; NkYk; vy;yh NtiyfSf;Fk; cz;lhd msTfs; ePsk; mfyk; cauk; Kjypatw;iw fzf;fpl njupa Ntz;Lk;. 2.List the type of Estimate? 1. Njhuha kjpg;gpL (Approximate Estimate) 2. Tpupthd kjpg;gpL (Detailed Estimate) 3. What is lead statement? xU fl;Lkhd Ntiyapy; gy nghUl;fs; gad;gLj;
.

. . . .

4.Define Schedule of rate?

. .

5. Mention the methods to determine area of irregular figure?

1. 2. 3.

96

24.a Take the quantity of earth work in foundation for the residential building shown in sketch1 by centre line method using trade system.

S.No

Description

Nos

Length M

Breath Depth Quantity M M m3

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Wall around Cross wall of centre line Wall between kitchen and bed room Wall between sit out and bed room Wall between WC and bed room Wall between WC and passage

1x1 1x1 1x2 1x1 1x1 1x1

33.2 9.4 1.1 3.2 2 1

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

21.248 6.016 1.408 2.048 1.28 0.64

Total

32.64 m3

24.b Take the quantity of RCC in sloped roof for the residential building shown in sketch 1. Using Trade system. RCC roof 1:2:4 min 100mm thick. Quantity for RCC roof 1:2:4 min 100mm thick.

S.No

Description

Nos

Length M

Breath M

Depth Quantity M m3

1. 2. 3.

Above room Tie beams Column

1x1 1x3 1x1

10.4 10.4 0.2

6.42 0.2 0.2

0.1 0.3 3.25

6.677 1.872 0.13

Total 93

8.679 m3

25.a Take the quantity of brick work in foundation and basement for the residential building shown in sketch 2. Using Group system.

Brick Work in basement.

Timesing (1)

Dimensions (2)

Squaring (3)

Description and waste (4)

1.Brick Work in Foundation

Wall around 20.8(L) 0.50(B) 0.45(D) 4.68(m3) 2/6000 2/4000 4/200 Total 12000 8000 800 20800(20.80m)

2. Brick Work in Basement

Wall around 2/6000 10.60(L) 0.80(B) 0.80(D) Total 6.784(m3) Total 11.464(m3) ` 20800(20.80m) 2/4000 4/200 12000 8000 800

94 25.b Take the quantity of works in parapet of the residential building shown in sketch 2 by using group system. Timesing Dimensions Squaring Description and waste

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

1.Parapet wall

Wall around 2/6000 20.8(L) 0.20(B) 0.50(D) 2.08(m3) 2/4000 4/200 12000 8000 800

95

Requirement of cement mortar in 1m3 RR masonry =0.34m3

Requirement of cement in 0.34m3CM = 0.34x Result: Requirement of material: Rubble stone= 1.153 Sand = 0.34m3 Cement =80kg ii. Stages of Detailed estimate?

=80kg

standard form- . . Abtract- .

22.a The length of a narrow strips of land was found to be 6 chain length of 30 m each .The width of land , perpendicular to the chain line, was measured at the end of chain and found to be 0,20,28,30,40,22 and 6 metres respectively. Compute the area of the land by trapezoidal and Simpsons Rules ? Solution : Common distance between ordinates ,d=30m Ordinates ; O1=0m 100

4. 5.

6. Define prismodial rule for volume?

7. Define Simpsons rule for area?

, / .

8. Define typical bay methods:

concrete

..

9. Define DATA

10. Define Main Data.

data .

11. Define SUB DATA

data data .

12. Methods of Measurements: 1. Centre line method 2. Long wall (or) short wall method 13. Define Trade System:
. .

97 14. Define Centre line method

. = + .

15. Define ABSTRACT ESTIMATE (Refer model question paper-I) 16. State the unit of work wood work in frame for paneled dorrs and glased windows

No Door 1XA

Length 5.1

Breadth 0.1

Depth 0.08

17. Define Group system

.

18. Define Time sing

19. Functions of ABSTRACT:

20. Define methods of writing bell:

. ,,, . .

98 PART-B

21.a The actual expenditure increased in the construction of a flat roofed residential building having plinth area of 75m2 and height 4m is Rs.52.58 lakes. It is proposed to constant another similar building in the same locality with a plinth area of 90m2 and height 3.45m. Estimate the approximate amount required for the proposed building. Assuming the increase in the cost of materials and labour as 20%. Solution: Plinth area of constructed building = 75m2 Height of constructed building = 4m Volume of constructed building = (75x4) = 300m3. Cost of constructed building = Rs. 2, 58,000/Cost of constructed building per m3 = = Rs.860/-

Increase in the cost of materials and labour =20%. Cost of newbuilding per m3 = 1.2x860=Rs.1032/Plinth area of new building = 902 Height of new building = 3.45m Volume of new building = 90x3.45=310.53 Approximate rate of new building = 310.5x1032=Rs. 3, 20,436/Result: Approximate rate of new building = Rs. 3, 20,436/21.b.i Find out the quantity of sand and cement required for constructed for random rubble masonry in CM1:6 for 1m3 wastage for 15%. Solution: Volume of random rubble masonry = 1m3 Requirement of volume for dressing of stones = Requirement of rubble stones = 0.34m3 x1 =0.15m3

99

Result: Concrete for broken stone in cement morter1:5-1m3=Rs.285.3 23.b Providing and fixing 100mm dia pipe wall level and floor including fittings-10m. Solution: Quantity Description Rate Unit Amount

10m 15% 5nos 0.65nos 0.83nos 1%

Pipe 100mm dia

77

1m

770 115.5

Fitting and wastage cost LS M.S clamp Mazdoor category I Plumber Water charges 16 400 550 LS nos each each LS Rate for 10m

80 260 456.5 16.82 Rs.1698.82

Result: Providing and fixing 100mm dia pipe Rate for 10m=Rs.1698.82.

104

O2=20m

O3=28m O4=30m O5=40m O6=22m O7=6m 1) Area by Trapezoidal Rules:Area = d/2 { (oo+on)+2(o1+o2+.+on)} D= 30m Area = 30/2 { (0+6)+2(20+28+30+40+22)} Area = 4290m2. 2. Simpson rule Area = { (o1+on)+4(o3+o5+...+on-1)+2(o2+o4+.....+on-2)} Area = { (0+6)+4(20+30+22)+2(28+40)}

Area =4300m2. Result: To calculated area by 1. Trapezoidal rule (A) = 4290m2 2. Simpson rule(A) = 4300m2 22.B. A road embankment is formed on level ground with a formation width of 9m at top and side slopes 1.5:1 on either side . It starts from ground level with on up gradient of 1:30 for 270m , continuous with on upward gradient of 1:200 for another 360m and returns to the ground level in a further length of 225m . Calculate the volume of earth work in embankment by mean area method? 101

Solution: Height of embankment in starting h1 = 0m Height of embankment at 270m h2 = 270/30 =9m Height of embankment at 630m h3 = 9+ Height of embankment at 655m h4 = 0m Top width of embankment, b= 9m Side slopes = 1.5 Area of cross section A1=om2 A2= (9+(1.5x9))9 =202.5m2 =10.8m

A3= (9+(1.5x10.8))10.8 =202.5m2 A4=0m2 Volume of earth work by mean area method, V= x270+ x360+ x225

V=143394.3m3 Result: Volume of earth workin embankment V=143394.3m3

102

23.a Analyse and determine the rates of the following items of work with the given data. Concrete for broken stone in cement morter1:5-1m3 Broken stone 40mm-1m3 cement morter1:5-0.3m3 Mason II class-0.5no Mazdoor grade I-3nos Mazdoor grade II-1no Solution: Sub Data (CM1:5 for 1m3) Quantity Description Rate Unit Amount

288kg 1m3 1m3

Cement Sand Mixing Charges

291 360 200

50kg m3 m3 Total

1676.16 360 200 Rs.2236.16 Amount

Quantity

Description

Rate

Unit

1 m3 0.3m3 0.5nos 3nos 1nos

Broken stone Cement morter 1:5 Mason category II Mazdoor category I Mazdoor category II

458 2236.16 500 400 275

m3 m3 each each each

458 670 250 1200 275

Rate for 10m3

Rs.2853

103

Result: 1.Brick work in CM 1:5 =14.112(m3)

108

24. a To find quantity of work in damp proofing. For sketch-1 S.No Description Nos Length m Breath Depth Quant ity m m m2

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Wall around Cross wall of centre line Wall between kitchen and bed room Wall between sit out and bed room Wall between WC and bed room Wall between WC and passage Sand rises

1x1 1x1 1x2 1x1 1x1 1x1

33.2 9.4 1.1 3.2 2 1

0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45

14.94 4.23 0.99 1.44 0.9 0.45 0.27

Total

23.22 m2

Result: Damp proofing course =23.22 m2

24.b Flooring with cement concrete 1:5:10 100mm thick for sketch-I

105

S.No

Description

Nos Length m

Breath m

Depth m

Quantity m2

1. 2. 3. 4.

Living Bed room Kitchen Sand rises

1x1 1x2 1x1

6.8 2.8 2.8

2.8 2.8 2.8

19.04 15.68 7.84 0.25

Total

42.81 m2

Result: Flooring area =42.81 m2

25.a For figure-II special ceiling plastering in CM 1:3 supplying two coat white wash for ceiling. Timesing (1) Dimensions (2) Squaring (3) Description and waste (4)

6(L) 3(B) 6(L) 8(B)

18(m2) 1.Ceiling Plastering in CM 1:3 18(m2) 2. White washing

106

Result: 1.Ceiling plastering 2.White wash =18m2 =18m2

25.b For figure-II special brick work in CM 1:5 . Timesing (1) Dimensions (2) Squaring (3) Description and waste (4)

20.8(L) 0.2(B) 3.1(D) 12.896(m3)

1.Brick work in CM 1:5 wall

20.8(L) 0.2(B) 0.5(D)

2.08(m3)

2. Parapet wall

1.2(L) 2.1(B) 4 0.2(D)

(-)0.504(m3)

Deduction

Door

0.9(L) 1.2(B) 0.2(D) Total

(-)0.864(m3)

Window

14.112(m3)

107

PART-B 21. a A Cantilever beam of length 4m carries an UDL of 12kN/m for a distance of 2m from support and a point load of 15 kN at its end. EI = 7.2 104 kN-m2. Find the slope and deflection at the free end of the beam by area moment method. Given data: Span of the beam = 4m UDL = 12kN/m at 2m from support Point Load = 15 kN at free end EI = 7.2 104 kN/m2 Required data: Slope and deflection at the free end Solution: = Slope () = = 24kNm Area of BMD

Finding Bending moment BM due to point load = W L = 15 4 =60 kNm BM due to UDL =

112

THEORY OF STRUCTURES MODEL QUESTION PAPER I TIME: 3 Hrs. MAX MARKS: 75 PART-A
MARKS 15X1=15 NOTE: ANSWER ANY 15 QUESTIONS: ALL QUESTION CARRY EQUAL MARKS:

1. Define the term slope

Deflected orginal position angle slope . . radians .

2.What will be the deflection at mid span of simply supported beam carrying UDL. Deflection max = 3.What you mean by statically indeterminate structure?
Unknown reaction static equilibrium equation statically indeterminate structure.

4. What will be the BM at a prop provided at the end of cantilever to provided a UDL full span.
0BM=

5. What will the degree of indeterminacy of a fixed beam with only vertical loads.
Fixed beam RA,RB, MA&MB STATIC equation. degree of indeterminacy 2 .

6. How many point of contraaflexure will be carry on fixed beam

point of contraaflexure fixed beam .

7.What are the advantages of fixed beam over simply supported beam? Maximum bending moment fixed beam .

109 8.State clapeyorens theorem? If a beam has n supports the end ones being fixed then the same number of equations required to determine the support moments may be obtained from consecutive pairs of spans AB-BC, BC-CD, CD-DE. 9.Define carry over factor?
carry over factor. end moment , endapply moment

carry over factor=

10. Two members of same materials equal length, equal width and with same end condition meet at a joint. The depth of one member is bigger than that of other. Which member will have the larger value of distribution factor?
Depth distribution factor.

11.What you mean by?

beam stiffness.relative stiffness. span beam beam stiffness

12. What you mean by portal frame?

Portal frame, continues beam moment.beamsymmetrical frame.

13. What you mean by critical load of a column?

load column bend critical load of a column.

14.Define Effective length of column?

column load material section end hinged column Effective length of column.

15.Define direct and indirect stress?

axial tension compression direct stress stress . . bendingmoment indirect

110

16.What will be the diameter of core of a circular section?

17.Which are the main factors affecting the stability of a masonry dam?
tension

18.When tension is developed at the base of the a dam?

max zero tension .

19.Which side of retaining wall has passive earth pressure?

Retaining . Retaining pressure wallPassive wall earth

20.Write down the types of earth pressure. Active earth pressure Passive earth pressure

111 1. To Calculate the Fixing moments MA = +

= + MA = 151.67kN-m. (Hogging) MB = +

= + MB = 121.07kN-m. (Hogging) 2. To Find out Free BM: MC = RA 2 = 113.75 2 = 227.5 kNm MD = RA 4 402 = 215 kNm

3. To Find out Reaction at support: Taking moment about A M A= -402 -2084 + MB + RB8 -151.67 = -80 -640 -121.67+8RB 8RB = 690 RB = 86.25kN To find RA: RA+RB=Total Load RA+86.25=40+(208) RA=200-86.25 RA=113.75KN 116

Slope () = 1.8910-3 Radians Deflection: max = [ o Now find X: X1 = = X1 = 2.67m X2 = = X2 = 3.5m Deflection max = [
*( )

o
( ) +

] =
*( ) ( ) +

= max = 6.010-3m max = 6.0mm Result:

Slope (max) = 1.8910-3 Radians Deflection max = 6.0mm 21. b A S.S beam of hollow circular section of external diameter 200mm and internal diameter 150mm has a span at 6m. It is subjected to a central concentrated load of 50kN and a UDL of 5kN/m over entire span. Determine the maximum slope at the support and maximum deflection centre. Take E = 2105N/mm2. Given data: External diameter of circular section D = 200mm Internal diameter of circular section d = 150mm Span of the beam = 6m = 6000mm Point load at the centre w = 50kN Uniformly distributed load w = 5kN/m Youngs modulus E = 2105N/mm2

113

Required data: Maximum slope at the supports max Maximum deflection at the centre max Solution:

Bending moment at c due to Point load = = 75kNm Max. BM at C due to UDL = X1 = =2m from A X2 = = m from A Slope max = = Area of BMD * Slope () = 0.0416 Radians 114 + + = = 22.5kNm

According to Mohrs theorem II Deflection max = = Area of BMD X * max= 28.80mm Result: 1.Slope () = 0.0416 Radians 2. Deflection max = 28.80mm 22.a A fixed beam of span carries an UDL of 20 kN/m on its full length and a Point load of 40 kN at 2m from it left support. Draw the SFD and BMD. Given data: Span = 8m UDL = 20kN/m Pont load = 40kN To Find: Draw the SFD and BMD Solution: + +

115

1. To find out distribution factor:

2. Simply supported Bending Moment: Span AB= = = 128 KNm

Span BC= = = 80 KNm 3. Bending Moment by Moment Distribution Method:

120 22.b A two span continues beam of 4m and 6m spans are fixed at both of its extreme ends. The size of the beam is uniform in both spans. The 4m

carries an UDL of 24KN/m throughout its length. The 6m span carries two point loads 30KN each at its one third points. Find the support moments using theorem of three moments. Given data: Span AB = 4m Span BC = 6m UDL = 24kN/m for span of 4m Pont load = 30kN one third of span 6m Both ends are fixed To Find: Find the support moments Solution: Since support A is fixed, introduce imaginary span OA=L0 1. Therom of three moments in span OAB

2. MoLo+2MA(Lo+L1)+MBL1 = -6( 0+2MAL1+MBL1 = -6 2MAx4+MBx4 = -6 8MA+4MB = -6 ...(A) 3. Therom of three moments in span ABC MAL1+2MB(L1+L2)+McL2 = -6( + ) + )

117

MAx4+2MB(4+6)+MC x6= -6( 4MA+20MB+6MC = -6( +

)(B)

4. Therom of three moments in span BCCo MBL2+2MC(L2+Lo)+McLo = -6( MBx6+2MC(6+0)+MC x0= -6( 6MB+12MC= -6( ) + )

)...(C)

5. Bending moments in span AB Maximum BM = =

=48 KNm Area (a1) = xBH = x4x48 = 128m2

= = = 2m 6. Bending moments in span AB

1

Maximum BM =

=80 KNm Area (a2) = 2( xBH)+ (LB) =2( x4x40)+(2x40) = 160m2 = = = 3m

X 2

To apply a1x1 and a2x2 in equation A and B 8MA+4MB = -6 118

8MA+4MB = -384(D)

4MA+20MB+6MC = -6(

4MA+20MB+6MC = -480.(E) 6MB+12MC= -6( 6MB+12MC= -6( ) )

4MB+12MC= -480....(F) Solving equation D, E and F. We get MA =-33.6KNm MB =-28.8KNm MC =-25.6KNm RESULT: MA =-33.6KNm MB =-28.8KNm MC =-25.6KNm 23.a A two span continuous beam ABC is fixed at support A and simply supported at support C. Span AB = 8m, BC= 8m . Span AB carries a UDL of 16 KN/m, BC carries a central point load of 80 kN. I AB=1.5IBC. Analyse the beam by moment distribution method. Draw the BMD. 4. To find fixed end moments: MAB=MBA= MBC =MCB = == == = -85.33 KNm = 85.33 KNm = - 40 KNm = 40 KNm 119

24.b A rectangular column 250mm wide and 200mm thick is carrying a vertical load of 20 KN at an eccentricity of 40mm in a plane bisecting the thickness. Determine the maximum and minimum stress. Given Data: Shape: Rectangular column Size: 250mmX200mm Load P=20KN=20x103N Eccentricity e = 40mm Required Data: 1. Maximum stress max 2. Minimum stress min Solution:

Stress = Area= BxD = 250X200 = 50,000mm2 Moment of Inertia Iyy= = = 2.6x108mm4

Y = = = 125mm Bending Moment, M= Pxe = 20x103x40 = 8x105N/mm Maximum stress max = 0.785N/mm
2

= 0.4+0.385 =

124

RESULT: MAB =-89.13 KNm MBA = 77.70KNM MBC =-77.70KNM MCB =0 23.b Draw BMD for a propped cantilever of span L carrying a point load w at its mid span using moment distribution method . Fixed end moment= MA=MB= . SS BM = . Given Data: Span = L m Load = W at mid span

121

Final moment MA = - wl MB =0 24.a A steel column consists of two channels ISMC 300 at 324.6 N/m placed back to back at a clear distance of 150 mm and two plates of each 350mmX20mm connected to the flanges on each side. Find the crippling load it the distance between hinged ends is 8m. E= 210KN/mm2. Properties of channel section, A=45.64X102mm2. Ixx=5262X104mm4. Iyy=310X104mm4. Cyy=23.6mm. Given Data: End condition: Both ends are hinged Effective length (l) =8m =8000mm Properties of channel section: A=45.64X102mm2. Ixx=5262X104mm4. Iyy=310X104mm4. Cyy=23.6mm. Plate two numbers of on each side is 350mmX20mm E= 210KN/mm2. Required Data: Crippling load P, 122

Crippling load P= Area of build up section A=2(4564+2(350x20)) = 37128mm2 Ixx= Ixx of channels + Ixx plates =(2x5262x104) + Ixx=918.17X106mm4 IYY= IYY of channels + IYY plates =2(310x104+4564( +23.6)2) +2x2x20x3503 IYY= 3524.94X106mm4 To take Imin=Ixx= 918.17x106mm4 Crippling load P= = 29734.7 KN Result: Crippling load P=29734.7KN. 123

MODEL QUESTION PAPER II THEORY OF STRUCTURES TIME: 3 Hrs. MAX MARKS: 75 PART-A MARKS 15X1=15 NOTE: ANSWER ANY 15 QUESTIONS: ALL QUESTION CARRY EQUAL MARKS:
1.Draw the Deflected shapes of any two beams

2. Write the difference between roller and hinged supports I. Roller support Roller support vd;gJ efuf;$ba hinged support MFk;. Roller support xNu xU nrq;Fj;J reaction kl;Lk; ngWfpwJ. Hingned support ,J Beam d; Nky; ve;j jpirapypUe;J tUk; load- I vjpHf;Fk; jd;ik cilaJ. Mdhy; ePs;trj;jpy; ,lg;ngaHr;rpia mDkjpf;fhJ. ,jpy; Vertical reation (V) kw;Wk Horizontal reaction (M) ,Uf;Fk;

II.

128

Minimum stress min = = 0.4-0.385 = 0.015N/mm2 Result: 1. Maximum stress max = 0.785N/mm2 2. Minimum stress min= 0.015N/mm2 25.a A gravity dam of trapezoidal cross section of 20 m height stores water on its vertical face for 18m height with 2m free board. The top and bottom width of dam are 4m and 10m respectively. Draw the pressure distribution diagram at base. Specific weight of masonry and water are 20 KN/m3 and 10 KN/m3respectively. Given Data: Top Width (a) Bottom width (b) Height of Dam (H) Height of water (h) Specific weight of masonry () Specific weight of water() = 4m = 10m = 20m = 18m =20KN/m3 =20KN/m3

Required Data: Draw the pressure distribution diagram at the base of dam. Solution:

125

Z=X +

=3.71 + = 7.11 m = 2.11m

Eccentricity e = Z- = 7.11 Stress () = (1

Maximum Stress (max) = (1+ Minimum Stress (min) = (1Result:

= =

(1+ (1-

= 906.4KN/m2(comp) = -444KN/m2(Tension)

The pressure distribution diagram is drawn. 1. Maximum stress max = 906.4KN/m2(comp) 2. Minimum stress min= -444KN/m2(Tension) 25.b A masonry retaining wall 7.2m height retains earth of unit weight 16KN/m3 and angle of repose 35 up to its top. The width of wall is 1.2m at top, 4.2 m at base. Check the wall for its stability and no tension at base. The co efficient of friction between wall and earth is 0.6. Unit weight of wall may be taken as 19KN/m3. Given Data: Height of retaining wall = 7.2m Angle of repose =35 Unit weight of earth = 16KN/m3 Co efficient of friction = 0.6 Unit weight of wall =19KN/m3. Required Data: Check the wall for its stability and no tension at base.

126

Solution:

Co-efficient of passive pressure kp = Lateral Pressure P = ka h2 =112kN

= 0.270

= 1/20.27010182

Masonry weight W = H(a+b) = 7.2(1.2+4.2)19 = 369kN x= x= Z=X + Eccentricity e = Z- = 2.22 To avoid Tension: = 1.5m =1.5 + = 0.12m = 2.22 m

e=0.12m b/6= 4.2/6 = 0.7m eb/6 Hence safe against Tension Result:Hence safe against Tension. 127

Area of BMD = X = (3/4)3 = 2.25m Area of BMD = 0.0597m2 Area = bh 0.0597 = 0.5 3h h = 0.0398 N-m To find Load(w):

W w = 8.84 kN/m Result: The Cantilever beam carry UDL of W= 8.84kN/m 21.B A Cantilever of span 6m is subjected by a rigid prop at the free end. It carries a UDL of 20kN/m Throughout span. Determine prop reaction and the end fixing moment. Draw SFD and BMD. Given Data: Span of the beam AB = l = 6m

132

3. Where the bending moment is maximum a propped caulilever subjected to UDL throught. Maximum Bending Moment MdJ prop-ypUe;J 3l /8 d; J}uj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;. 9wl2 Max BM = ----------------128 4.Define A Prop Prop vd;gJ cantilever beam y;deflectionI jLg;gjw;fhf Vertical support nfhLf;fg;gLk; ,e;j vertical support w;F prop vd;W ngaH. 5.Define Fixed Beam Fixed Beam MdJ ,uz;L support-JfSf;F ,ilNa fl;lg;gl;l beam MFk;. ,uz;L end J-fspYk; Deflection zero Mf ,Uf;Fk;. 6.State any two advantages of a fixed beam. ,uz;L end-fspYk; slope zero Mf ,Uf;Fk;. End-fspy; negative bending moments ,Uf;Fk;. 7.State any four methods of analysis of indeterminate structury. Three moment the orem Column analogy method Elastic enter method Maxwell mohrs equation. 8. State equilibrium equations. The equilibrium Equations are H=0, V=0 & m=0 9. Define carry over moment. Carry over moment vd;gJ> xU S.S.end apply nra;ag;gLk; moment my; kw;nwhU fixed end y Vw;gLk; ; moment MFk;. 10. Define Distribution factor xU Joint y; cs;s midj;J nkk;gHfspd; stiffnesd; $l;Lj; njhiff;Fk; xU jdpg;gl;l nkk;ghpd; stiffness-f;Fk; cs;s tpfpjk; me;j nkk;ghpd; distribution factor vdg;gLk;. (DF)

129

11. What are the other names of moment Distribution method. Hardy cress method Indeterminate structures 12. What do mean by sway and Nn-sway frames rkkpy;yhj Load my;yJ rkkpy;yhj sectiondhy; Vw;gLk; Horizontal moment sway MFk;. 13. Write any two assumptions made in Eulars theory of long colums. Column xU NeH Nfhl;ilg; Nghy; ,Uf;Fk;. Column j;jpy; apply nra;Ak; load axial Mf ,Uf;Fk; column j;jpd; cross section vy;yh ,lj;jpYk; Xnu khjphp ,Uf;Fk;. 14. Define strut. Strut vd;gJ horizontal MfNth inclined MfNth my;yJ nrq;Fj;jhfNth cs;s compression members. 15. State the effect of eccentric loading Eccentric load My; Columnj;jpy; Direct stress kw;Wk; Vw;gLk;. Binding stress

16. Define core or keen of section. Load ve;j gFjpapy; apply nra;jhYk; tensile stress Vw;glhj tifapy; mike;jhy;; mJ core or keen of the section vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

17. Draw the elementary profile of a masonry Dam.

18.What are the conditions for stability of masonry Dam 1. Masonry d; mbj;jsj;jpy; Tension -ia ghJfhj;jy; 2. jiy fPohf rhahky; \rtiu ghJfhj;jy; 3. Rthpd; mbj;jsj;jpy; eOTtij jLj;jy;. 130

19.Define Angle of respose of soil. J <uj;jd;ikapy;yhj kz;iz Ftpayhf;Fk; NghJ me;j kz; Jfs;fSf;Fsl cz;lhFk; cuha;tpy; kz; FtpayhdJ fpilkl;lj;Jf;F Vw;gLj;Jk; Nfhzk; Angle of Respose of soil. 20. What will be the coefficient of passive earth pressure of soil having angle of repose 30o? Co-efficient of passive pressure kp = ---------1-sin o 1+sin 30 Kp = -------------1-sin 30o Co-efficient of passive presual kp =3

PART-B 21 A i) A cantilever beam 120mm wide and 200mm deep is 3m long what UDL should the beam can carry to produce a deflection of 8mm at the free end. Take E=210 GN/mm2. Given Data: Breath of beam (b) = 120mm Depth of beam (d) = 200 mm Span beam ( ) = 3 m Deflection ( max) 8mm = 8x10-3 m E =210 GN/mm2 = 210x109 N/mm2 = 210x103 N/m2 Required Data: To fined UDL Solution: Moment of inertia

= 8x10-5 m4 Deflection (max ) = o

131

Bending Moment about A: Mc = RB4 w2 = 16.34 (152) Mc = 35.2kNm. MB = RB2 = 16.32 MB = 32.6kNm Result: RA = 18.7kN MA = 24.44 kNm RB =16.3 kN MB = 22.22 kNm MB = 32.6kNm

Mc = 35.2 kNm

22.B) A two span continuous beam ABC of uniform flexural rigidity is subjected to UDL of w/m length. The two spans AB = BC = I. Determine the support moment at B using Clapeyrons theorem at three moments. The supports A and C are simply supported.

Given data: Continuous beam ABC Support A and C Span AB = BC = I UDL = w/m Required data: Support moment at B Solution:

136

UDL = 20 kN/m Calculate: Draw SFD and BMD Solution: MB = 0, its fixed end. MA = = = 360 kNm B = B =3240/EI Upward deflection due to prop. MA = Pb = 6p B = B =(432/3EI) P

------------- (1)

------------- (2)

133 Equating 1 and 2 = P = 22.5 kN Reaction at, B = RB = 22.5KN Reaction at, A = RA = (206) -22.5 = 97.5kN Shear force: FB = -RB = -22.5kN FA = RA = 97.5 kN Bending Moment MB =0 MA = (22.5 6) (20 6 3) = -225 kNm Location of point of contra flexure . 97.5 x = 135 22.5x X = 1.125m from B Mc = (22.5 3) (20 1.125 1.125/2) Mc = 54.84 kNm. Result. FA = RA = 97.5 kN MB =0 FB = -RB = -22.5kN Mc = 54.84kNm MA = -225 kNm. 22.A) A fixed beam of span 6m carries point loads of 20kN and 15kN at 2m and 4m from the left end respectively. Find the support moments. Draw SFD and BMD. Given Data: Span l = 6m Two Point load , W1 = 20kN W2 = 15 kN To Calculate: Draw SFD and BMD Solution:

134

MA =

= + MA = 24.44 kNm (Hogging) MB = +

= + MB = 22.22 kNm (Hogging) Taking about A RB6 = (15 4) + (202) + MB - MA RB6 = 60 + 40 + 22.22 -24.44 RB = 16.3 kN Total load = RC + RB RA = 35 16.3 RA = 18.7kN 135

24.A. A hollow CI Column where outside diameter is 200mmhas a wall thickness at 25mm. It is 6m long and hinged both ends. Calculate the safe load by Rankines formulas using a FOS 3. If =1/7500, E=2.1105N/mm2. Given data: Outer diameter = 200mm Thickness = 25mm Inside diameter = 200 25 =175mm Span of column = 6m Factor of safety = 3 =1/7500 Youngs modulus E = 2.1105N/mm2. Yield stress c = 330 N/mm2 Required data: Safe load by Rankines formulas 140

Free moment . Continuous beam with simply supported ends: Support A and C are simply supported MA=MC=0 Apply theorem for three moments MA 1+2MB( 1+ 2)+ MC 2 = -6 , + a1= a2=1/2 bh =1/2 = X1=X2= /2 2MB( + ) = -6{ + }

4MB = MB = MB = Result: Support moment at B MB = 23.A.Analysis the continues beam in fig. by moment distribution method.Find the support moments and draw the BMD. Assume EI constant. Given: Fixed end moments: 4

137

MAB = MBA = MBC= MCB= = =

= =

= -1.875 kNm = 5.625 kNm = -6 kNm = +6 kNm

138 23.B.For the frame shown in figure compute the Bending moment by moment distribution and Draw BMD. EI is Constant.

Required Data: Draw the Bending Moment diagram

Fixed end moments: MBC=- = MCB=+ = + MCD = MDC =0kNm

- 50kNm + 50kNm

139

Maximum stress:

( + (comp) Minimum stress: ( (Tension) Result: (comp)

( +

(Tension)

144

Solution:

Rankines formula PR = Area of column = Moment of inertia(I) = = Effective length = 6m Least radius of gyration r=

( )

=7.363m2 = 520.02106mm4

= 265.75mm

Substitute above the values in Rankines formulas PR =

( )

= 2275.15kN Safe load= = =758.83kN

Result: Safe load = 758.4kN 24.B A Rectangular column 300mm wide and 250mm thick is carrying a vertical load of 100kN. Acting at an eccentricity of 5mm is a plane bisecting the thickness. Determine the maximum and minimum stress developed. Given data: Breath = 300mm Depth = 250mm Vertical load = 100kN = 100103 Eccentricity e = 50mm Required data: Determine the maximum and minimum stress Solution: Maximum stress max = +

141 Area = bd = 250 300 = 75103mm2

Moment of inertia Iyy = = Y = b/2 = 300/2 =150mm Bending moment M=Pe = 10010350 = 5106 N-mm Maximum stress max = + max =2.67 N/mm2 Minimum stress min = min =0.67 N/mm2 Result: max =2.67 N/mm2 min =0.67 N/mm2 25.A A trapezoidal masonry dam 3m wide at top, 12m wide at base is 18 m high. It retains water upto depth of 17m on its vertical face. Check the stability of the dam for sliding it =0.6 and FOS = 1.5. take the weight of masonry as 20 kN/m3 and that of water as 10kN/m3. Given data: Trapezoidal masonry Top wide a = 3m Base wide b = 12m Height of dam H = 18m Height of water h = 17m =0.6 Fos =3 Weight of masonry = 20kN/m3 Weight of masonry = 10kN/m3 Required data: Check the stability of the dam Solution: P = h2 = 1/210172 =1445kN W = H(a+b) = 18(3+12)20 = 2700kN Check for sliding = 1.5 = 1.5 1.2 <1.5 so, Hence is not safe 142 Result: =562.5106mm4

=1.2 <1.5

so, Hence is not safe

25.B A Retaining wall trapezoidal in section 8m high, 1m wide at top and 3m wide at the bottom with a vertical earth face retaining earth level with the top of the wall. If the weight of masonry is 24kN/m3 and that of the earth 18kN/m3 with an angle repose of 30. Calculate the maximum and minimum stress at the base. Given data: Trapezoidal retaining wall Height (h) = 8m Top wide (a) = 1m Bottom wide (b) = 3m Weight of masonry = 24kN/m3 Weight of earth = 18 kN/m3 Angle of Repose = 30 Required data: Calculate maximum and minimum stress at base Solution: Ka = = =0.333 Lateral pressure P = Ka h2 = 0.33 18 82 P = 191.81 kN W = H(a+b) = 8(1+3)24 W =384kN X= = =1.08m

Y = h/3 = 8/3 =2.67m Z = 1.08 + e=( 2.67 =2.41m ) =( 143 ) = 0.19m

Parabolic curvefspd; xU gFjp tpy; (arc) Fj;njjpH tisTfs; (vertical curves) vdg;gLfpwJ. 17. What is the function of prism reflectors in total station? 1. To measure the distance of target. 2. Its used for accurate measurement (30 or 40mm) 18. Mention any two total station characteristics. 1. Total station;y; cs;s telescope-d; %yk; ntspr;rkhd caHKuz; gpk;gq;fis mwpayk;. 2. Coarse and find focussing %yk; ,yf;F Jy;ypakhfTk; njspthfTk; njhpAk; 3. Key stroke jl;ly; %yk; Kf;fpa ,af;fj;ij Jtq;fyhk; Jy;ypakhd msTfis msf;f dual-axis measurement %yk; vspjhf fz;lwpag;gLfpwJ. 19. What do you mean by GIS? GIS (Geographical information system) vd;gJ fzpg;nghwp %yk; epytiuglq;fis myrp Muha;e;J Gtpapay; jfty;fis czuTk; g+kpapd; kPJ Vw;gLk; khWjy;fis mwpaTk; cjTk; xU fUtp GIS MFk;. 20. State any two field application of GIS? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Natural Resources (,aw;if tsq;fs;) Agriculture (Ntshz;ik) Soil (kz;) Water Resources (ePH tsq;fs;) Water shed management (Mw;Wg;gs;sj;jhf;F epHthfk;) Social resource (r%f Mjhuq;fs;) PART- B Marks 5 x 12 = 60 Note : i) Answer all Questions choosing either division (A) or division (B) of each question. ii) All divisions carry equal marks. 148

MODEL QUESTION PAPER I

SURVEYING II PART A Marks 15 x 1 = 15 Note: Answer any 15 Questions. All Questions carry equal marks
1. What is a transit theodolite? Theodolite-y; cs;s njhiy Nehf;fpahdJ fpilkl;l mr;ir (horizontal axis) ikakhf nfhz;L nrq;Fj;J jsj;jpy; (vertical plane) KOikahf RoYkhdhy; mJ Transit Theodolite vdg;gLk; 2. Define Changing face: nrq;Fj;J tl;lj;jl;il ,lJGwj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ tyJGwj;jpw;Fk; tyJ Gwj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,lJ Gwj;jpw;Fk; khw;wpaikf;Fk; Kiwf;F Changing face vd;fpNwhk;. 3. What is the function of an optical plummet in a theodolite? J}f;F Fz;lhdJ nrq;Fj;J mr;Rf;Nfhl;bd; fPo;Gwk; cs;s nfhf;fpapy; ,Ue;J njhq;ftplg;gLk; ,J theodolite-I Fwpg;gpl;l Gs;spapd; eLtpy; rhpahf epiyepWj;j cjTfpwJ. 4. Define latitude:xU Nfhl;bd; latitude vd;gJ JUtq;fSf;F (North and South line) ,iza3hf msf;fg;gLk; J}ukhFk; 5. What are the instruments used in tacheometry? 1. Tachometer (mjpNtfkhf mstpLk; msitkhzp) 2. Stadia rod

145 6.Write the distance formula in stadia tacheometry, if the line of sight is horizontal?

D = =s+(f+d)

Where ------- =multiplying constant I F+d = Additive constant 7. What is all analectic lens? Tachometer-d; formula D = =s+(f+d) vd;gjpy; (f+d) vd;w $l;Lepiy vz;iz Kw;Wk; ePf;Ftjw;fhf mjhtJ (f+d)-y; kjpg;gpid g+[;[pakhf;Ftjw;fhf njhiyNehf;fpapy; fz;iz itj;J ghHf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;Fk; ,yf;F fz;zhbf;Fk; ,ilapy; Ftpnyd;]; xd;W nghWj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j Ftpnyd;Rf;F analectic lens vd;W ngaH. 8. Mention any one instruments eror in tacheometric surveying. 1. Instrumental Errors 2. Observational errors 3. Errors due to natural causes 9. What is the objective of trignometrical levelling? Fwpg;gpl;l Vertical angle and horizontal distance ,it ,uz;ilAk; gad;gLj;jp Xhplj;jpw;Fk; kw;nwhU ,lj;jpw;Fkl; cs;s elevation tpj;jpahrj;ij fzf;fpLtjw;F mk;Kiw trignometrical levelling gad;gLfpwJ. 10. When do you adopt single plane method to determine elevation of an object? mstpLk; fUtp ,Uf;Fkplj;jpypUe;J ,yf;fpd; mbg;ghfj;ij vspjpy; mila Kbahky; jilfs; ,Uf;Fkhdhy; mstpLk; fUtpahdJ ,uz;L ntt;NtW ,lq;fspy; itf;fg;gl;L ,yf;if Nehf;fp angle of elevation mstplg;gLfpwJ. 146 ,k;khjphp rkaq;fspy; single plane method gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. 11. State any one application of photogrammetric surveying? epytiug;glj;ij jahhpf;f cjTfpwJ

,jd; %yk; ,aw;if rPuopthy; Vw;gl;l ghjpg;Gfis fz;lwpayhk; v.fh. epyeLf;fk;> nts;sk; ,jd;%yk; fhLfs; kw;Wk; Gtpapay; jfty;fis fz;lwpa KbAk;. 12. Define soundings in hydrographic surveying ePhpd; kl;lj;jpype;J ePhpd; Moj;ij fz;lwpa gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Kiwf;F sounding vd;W ngaH ,jw;F fPo;f;fz;l cgfuzq;s; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. 1. Sounding rods (or) poles 2. Sounding cables (or) lead lines 3. Eco-sounder (or) fathometer 13. State any three elements of simple circular curve 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Tangents First tangent or back tangent Second tangent or Front tangent Point of interaction Deflection angle ()

14. Mention any two linear methods of setting out simple circular curve 1. Long chord method 2. Tangents method
15.

What do you mean by right handed curve?

Nrd;W nfhz;bUf;Fk; ghijapypUe;J tyJGwk; jpUk;Gtjw;fhf mikf;fg;gLk; tisTfs; (curves) Right hand curve vdg;gLk;. 16. Define vertical curves 147 DA = =

+ +

DA = 1408.9m

Result: Length of DA = 1408.9m Whole circle bearing of DA = 3400 Reduced bearing of DA = N3400E 22.(A) What are the various of a tacheometer? Describe the field procedure of determining the constant of a tacheometer, (fli) vd;w ngUf;Fepiy vz; kw;Wk; (ftd) vd;w $l;L epiy vz;. Mfpa ,uzL epiy vz;fSk; Nlf;Nfh kPl;lhpd; epiy vz;fs; MFk;. ,jid fPo;fz;l Kiwapy; fzf;fplyhk;. nra;Kiw: 1) fUtp ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpypUe;J xU Fwpg;gpl;l J}uj;jpy; cs;s ,yf;F xd;wpid Fwpitj;J rhp nra;J mikf;fTk; 2) ,yf;F fz;zhbf;Fk;> nry];Nfhg;Gf;Fk; cs;s J}uj;ij msT Nfhy; msf;f Ntz;Lk;. 3) ,yf;F fz;zhbf;Fk;> FWf;F ,iof;Fk; cs;s J}uj;ij (d) vd mse;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. 4) A vd;w ,lj;jpy; fUtpia epWtp mq;fpUe;J D1,D2,D3 Nghd;w J}uq;fspy; nytsq;];lhg;ig itj;J S1, S2, S3 vd;w ];lhg;gpy; cz;lhFk; ,io ,ilntspia Fwpj;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. 5) ,g;NghJ ekf;F(fdt)njhpAk; kw;Wk; D1,D2,D3 S1, S2, S3 Mfpait nfhz;L (fli) vd;w ngUf;Fepiy vz;iz vspjhf fz;lwpe;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. 6) D=flis + (ftd) 7) ,uz;lhtJ Kiw:

152

21)A)Draw a neat sketches of Transit theodolite and explain the functions of any five components?

Functions of component parts: 1) Levelling Head: ,jpy; ,uz;L tl;l jl;Lfs; (,izahd xU Fwpg;gpl;l J}uj;jpy; %d;W my;yJ ehd;F ];F&f;fshYk; Fz;L kw;Wk; FopT Nghd;w mikg;gpdhYk; gphpj;J itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; my;yJ 2) xU biugpuhr; jl;Lk; mjpy; %d;W G[q;fSk; > xt;nthd;wpYk; xU nyty;ypq; ];F&Tk; nghUj;jg;gl;b MFk;. NkNy cs;s ,izahd jl;L %d;W nyty;ypq; ];F&thy; jhq;fg;gl;L ,jd; %yk; jpNahliyl;lhdJ nyty; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. fPNo cs;s Jisapd; topNa J}f;F Fz;L njhq;ftplg;gLfpwJ. etPd fUtpahy; rpwpJ J}uk; efUk; Kfg;G (shifting head) nghUj;jg;gl;L mjd; %yk; kpf tpiuthfTk;> Jy;ypakhfTk; fUtpia Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;jpy; mikg;gjw;F trjp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd; %yk; fpilkl;lkhf rpwpJ J}uk; fUtpia Kf;fhypfspd; kPJ efHj;jyhk;. 2) Level tube: ,uz;L nyty;ba+g;fs; ntHdpaH jl;bd; Nky;ghfj;jpy; xd;Wf;nfhd;W nrq;Fj;jhf fUtpia nyty; nra;tjw;fhf 149 nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jpy; xU nyty;ba+g; fpilkl;l mr;R Nfhl;bw;F ,izahf nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

3) njhiy Nehf;fpahdJ fpilkl;l nrq;Fj;jhfTk; nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;

mr;R

Nfhl;bw;F

eLtpYk;

mjw;F

4) Standard: ,uz;L nrq;Fj;jhd jhq;fpfs; ( A tbtj;jpy;) ntHdpaH jl;bd;Nky; ghfj;jpy; fpilkl;l mr;Rf;Nfhl;il jhq;Fk; tz;zk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Campass: jpir fhl;bahdJ tl;l tbtj;jpyNyh my;yJ ePz;l njhl;b tbtj;jpNyh mike;jpUf;Fk; tl;ltbtj;jpYk; cs;s jpirf;fhl;b jhq;fSf;F eLtpy; ntHdpaH jl;bd; Nky; nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ePz;l njhl;b tbtj;jpy; cs;s jpir fhl;b VNjDk; xU jhq;fpAld; nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;. 21.b The following lengths and bearing are observed in running a closed moverse ABCD the length and bearing line of DA have omitted calculate the length and bearing of DA. Given: Line AB BC CD Length (m) 485 1725 1050 Bearing 314o 218 10o 24 142o 06

To find reduced Bearin:Line AB W.C.B 314o 40 R.B RB = (360o -314o 48 RB = N45o -13o W BC CD 16o 24 142o 06 RB = N16o 24o E RB = (180o -142o 006 = S 37o -54o E 150 To find Lattitude and departure:

NfhL

ePsk; F.Nfh

NykbGa+l;

bghHr;rH

(R.B)

((Lattitude) Cos

Departure Sin

AB

485

N45o -54o W N16o -24o E 537o 54E --

-485xsin +485xcos 45 45o 12 92=1 341.74 344.14 +1725xW16o 24=1654.81 +1725xsin 16o24 =487.04

BC

1725

CD DA

1050 --

+1050xsin +1050xcos37o 37o54 54=828.53 =645 Cos Sin

nkhj;j Nyl;bba+l; L=0 341.74+1654.81-828.53 = 1168.02 nkhj;j Departure D=0 -344.14 + 487.04+645 = 787.89 DAd; Nyl;bba+l; =1168.02 DAd; bghHr;rH; = 787.89 DAd; Nghpq;:tan = = tan = 0.67 = N 3400E To find length of DA. 151 RL of Q = 93.3m 23 b i.Write short notes on methods of Remote sensing.(6)

1. Passive remote sensing 2. Active remote sensing Passive remote sensing: 1. vy;yhtpj stars kw;Wk; plants electromagnetic energyia ntspapLfpwJ. 2. ,NjNghy; Rupadhy; kpia Nehf;fp ckpog;gLk; electromagnetic power MdJ remotesensing w;F cjTfpwJ. 3. Rupa fjpu;fis remote sensing f;F gad;gLj;Jk; KiwNa Passive remote sensing MFk;. 4. ,jd; miy ePskhdJ 8.5 to 14 m. Active remote sensing: 1.Active remote sensing y; nraw;if electramagnatic fjpu;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLwJ. Kiwapy; cWthf;fg;gl;l

2.,e;j fhe;j fjpu;fs; wave tube dhy; cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ. 3.Radar MdJ nghJthf remote sensing y; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. 4.Remote sensing

ii.Briefly describe the steps in Hydrographic surveying (6) Hydrographic survey MdJ fPo;tUk; glpfis cs;slf;fpaJ. 1. Horizontal and vertical control 2. Shore line survey 3. Tides and mean sea level 4. Tide gauges 5. Soundings 6. Making soundings 156 ,jpy; ngUf;F epiy vz; (fli) kw;Wk; $l;L epiy vz;. (ftd) ,uz;LNk fzf;fPl;L mwpag;gLfpwJ. nra;Kiw: Rhjhuz Kiwapy; OA vd;w xU 240 kPl;lH ePsKs;s Nfhl;bid Nlg;gpd; cjtpAld; Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;. 30 kPl;lH ,ilntspfspy; bf; mbj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

 0 vd;w ,lj;jpy; fUtpia itj;J ngf; mbf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; ];lhg;gpid itj;J ,ioapy; cz;lhFk; ,ilntspia fz;lwpaTk;. D kw;Wk; S Mfpatw;wpd; kjpg;G xt;nthU ngf; ,ilntspf;Fk; khWghl;L nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,jid f D= ----------- s+(F+d) rkd;ghl;by; gpujpl;L i (fli) kw;Wk; (ftd) ia fz;lwpayhk;. 22. b The Tachometer fitted with an anallatic lens was setup at a station and the following readings were obtained on a vertically held staff.

Station

Staff Station

Hair Remarks Vertical Angle Stadia Reading -218 3.225 3.550

BM

A B +836

3.875 1.650 2.515 3.380

RL of BM = 743.565

To Calculate: Horizontal distance from A to B and RL of B Solution: 153

Take Multiply Constant K = 100 and Constant C = 0

S1 = 3.875 3.225 = 0.65 D1 = KS1 COS2 D1 = 1000.65COS (218) D1 = 64.89m V1 = D1 tan 1 V1 = 64.89 tan (218) V1 = 2.6m RL of A = BM h1 V1 = 743.56 3.550 -2.60 RL of A = 737.41m To considering now staff in B S2 = 3.4 -1.65 = 1.73m D2 = K S COS 2 = 100 1.73 COS (836) D2 = 171.05m V2 = D2 tan 2 = 171.05 tan (836) = 25.86m 154 RL of B = 737.41 + 25.86 2.515 RL of B = 760.75m Distance between A and B = 760.75 737.41

= 23.85m Result: Distance between A and B = 23.85m.

23. a Determine the RL of top of a transmission tower from the following observations. Ins Station Vertical angle to top Of Tower A B 1830 1240 2.815 1.865 105.00 Staff reading on BM RL of BM

The distance between A and B Station 60m the A and B are Same Vertical plane. Solution:

H1 = S = S1-S2 = 2.815 - 1.865 = 0.95m H1 = H1 = -14.52m RL of Q = Bench Mark+S1+h1 = 105+2.815+(-14.52) RL of Q = 93.3m Result: 155
1. .( ). 2.

Theodolite station B station verniar scale A set .

 included

angle . anticlockwise.

25. b.i.Briefly explain the Component of GIS.(6) Components of GIS 1. Hardware 2. Software 3. Data 4. People 5. Methods 1. Hardware: Hardware vd;gJ GIS nray;gLk; fzpg;nghwp mikg;ghFk;. Jw;fhyj;jpy; GIS nray;gLfpd;wd. software gutyhd hardware-fspd; kPJ

Centralized Computer Sever-fspypUe;J deshktopcomputer-fs; tiu kw;Wk; stand alone (or) Network jsq;fs; tiuf;Fk; ,tw;wpd; gad;ghL cs;sJ. 160

7. Location sounding 8. Reduction of sounding 9. Plotting of soundings

24 a i. Derive the relationship between degree of curve and radius, for a unit chord of 30. (6) Solution: 2 ePsk; cs;s ehz; vd;why; Nfhzk; 360 30m ePsKs;s ehz; vd;why; Nfhz;k; D = 360 --------------- D = 30 ----------------

Solve equation 1 and 2 we get R 2 = 360 30 R= i) R=

Describe the procedure for setting out the curve the field based on offsets from long chords.(6) Procedure of setting out of curve by taking of offsets long chord. nfhLf;fg;gl;l ePz;l ehzpd; ePsj;ij ,ul;ilg;gil tUkhU rkkhf gpupf;fTk;. Rkkhf gpupf;fTk; xt;nthU Gs;spapYk; Ox = - (R-O) vd;w rkd;ghl;il gad;gLj;jp Fj;njjpu; NfhLfspd; cauq;fis mwpaTk;. gpd;G fz;lwpe;j Fj;njjpH Nfhl;bd; cauj;jpHNfw;g ehzpypUe;J Gs;spfis itf;fTk;. ,t;thW itj;j Gs;spfis ,izg;gjd; Kyk; Simple curve cWthf;fg;gLfpwJ. ED f;F tyJ gf;fj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ NghyNt ,lJ gf;fj;jpYk; xNu khjphpahf tisT ,Uf;Fk;. Use: ,k;Kiw rpwpa tisTfis (v.fh: njUtpd; Nkl;LtisTfs; mikf;f (Street kerb) gad;gLfpwJ.

1. 2. 3. 4.

157 24.b Two tangents intersect at chain age of 1190m the intersection angle being 136. Calculate the all necessary data for setting out a curve of radius 300mm by offsets from chords produced Assume peg intervals as 20m. Given data:

Radius of curve = R = 300m Intersection angle = 44 (180 - 136) Solution: Tangent Length = R tan /2 = 300 tan 44/2 Tangent Length = 121.20m Curve Length = = Curve length = 230.88m First Tangent length = T1 = 1190 121.2 = 1068.8m Second tangent length = T2 = 1068 + 230.38 = 1299.18m First chord length = 1080 1068.8 = 11.2m Ngf;fpd; ,ilntsp = 20m filrp rg; fhHbd; ePsk; = 1299-1290 =9m Total number of Chords = 12nos Nld;Iz;l;fspd; Nfhzk; fzf;fPLjy; n = 1718.9 C/R minutes = 1718.9 11.2 / 300 = 64.17 minutes 1 = 0 64 17 Nld;Iz;bay; length for unit chords: 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = 6 = 7 = 8 = 9 = 10 = 11 = (1718.9 20)/300 = 114.6 = (114.6 /60) = 15435 Deflection angle calculation: tpyF Nfhzk; for First point = 1 = 1 = 06417 tpyF Nfhzk; for Second point = 2 =1 + 2

2 = 1 + 2 = 06417 + 15435 = 25852 3 = 2 + 3 = 25852 + 15435 = 45327 158 3 = 2 + 3 = 25852 + 15435 = 45327 4 = 3 + 4 = 45327 + 15435 = 64802 5 = 4 + 5 = 64802 + 15435 = 84237 6 = 5 + 6 = 84237 + 15435 = 103712 7 = 6 + 7 = 103712 + 15435 = 123147

8 = 7 + 8 = 123147 + 15435 = 142622 9 = 8 + 9 = 142622 + 15435 = 162057 10 = 9 + 10 = 162057 + 15435 = 181532 11 = 10 + 11 = 181532 + 15435 = 201007 12 = 11 + 12 = 201007 + 15435 = 220442 As a check 12 should be equal to half of the centralangle: 12 = = 44 =22442 Hence ok
2 5 A )i ) State the various application of Total station (3) Area kw;Wk; volume fis fzf;fpLtjw;F Setting out (Curve) nra;tjw;F Nfhzq;fis msg;gjw;F Ordinatefis msg;gjw;F (Rectangular and Polar) Traverse measurement fs; vLg;gjw;F

Vy;yhtpj Nfhzq;fspYk; rHNt nra;ayhk; What are the procedures for theodolite traversing by included angle method? (9)
3. closedtraversing . 4. Theodolite A

magantic

bearing

. 5.

verniar A set station . lower plate clambedupper

159

6.

plate

unclambed

. Q ii)

S vd;gJ ];Nlbah uhby; ];Nlbah ,iofs; njhLk; ,ilntsp Ftd vd;gH $l;Lepiy D vd;gJ Nlf;Nfh kPl;lhpd; Fj;njjpH mr;Rf;Fk; ];Nlbah uhbw;Fk; cs;s ,ilntsp J}uk;. 10. State any me method to find elevation of objects when the base in

accessible. ,jid RUf;fkh xNu NeHjs Kiw (rpq;fps; gpNsd; Kiw) vd;W $WthHfs; fUtpahdJ ,uz;L ntt;NtW ,lq;fspy; itf;fg;gl;L . ,yf;if Nehf;fp caHkl;l Nfhzk; (angle of elevation) vLf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW nra;Ak;NghJ ,e;j mstpLk; fUtp itf;fg;gLk; ,uz;L ,lq;fSk; (];Nl\d;) kw;Wk; me;j ,wf;Fk; xNu NeHjsj;jpy; mikAkhW ghHj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. vdNt ehd; ,J xNu NeHjs Kiw (single plane method) vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. 11.Define Remote sensing? Remote sensing vd;gJ xU object-I gw;wp jftiy Nrfhpg;G (i.e. Area, length) mg;gb Nrfhpf;Fk; NghJ me;j Object-f;Fk; ekf;Fk; ve;j njhlHGk; ,y;yhky;. 12.Name various instruments used for sounding in hydrographic surveying. Sounding rods or poles Sounding cables or Lead lines Eco-sounder or Fathometer 13.Mention different types of circular curves. Ryg tisT (Simple curve) $l;L tisT (Compound curve) jiyfPohf jpirkhWk; tisT (Reverse curve) khWjy; tisT (Trannsition curve) 14.State the relationship between radius and degree of curve if the chard length is 20m. jPHT: 2R ePsk; cs;s ehz; vd;why; Nfhzk; 3600 20kP ePsk; cs;s ehz; vd;why; Nfhzk; D 2R = 360D=20 164 2. Software: GIS Software MdJ Store nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba, Ma;T nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba Gtpapay; jfty;fis Nrfhpf;f cjTk; fUtpfs kw;Wk; nray;ghl;bid jUfpwJ. 3. Data: GIS mq;fj;jpd; ,d;wpaikahj gFjp data MFk;. Custom specifications

gw;wp Njitf;Nfw;g Gtpapay; tptuq;fs; kw;Wk; ml;iltizj; jfty;fs; Mfpad epiyastpy; Nrfhpf;fg;gl;L Ma;T nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. rpy rkaq;fspy; mit th;j;jf hPjpahd juTjsq;fspypUe;J ngwg;gLfpwJ. GIS Special data-it kw;w data mbg;gilfs; Nrfhpf;fg;gl;lit) Mfpatw;iw xUq;fpizf;fwJ. (mit DBMS-y;

Ml;ltidj; juTfis GIS-d; DBMSy; ,Ue;J ngw;Wj;jUtJ ,Jd; Kjd;ik nrayhFk;.

4.GIS: njhopy;El;glhdJ ,jid eph;tfpf;Fk; njhopy; ty;Yeu;fshy; kpfTk; rpwg;gilfpwJ. mtu;fs; eilKiw guprPyidfSf;F ,jid gad;gLj;Jtjpy; ty;Yeu;fs;.,e;j mikg;ghdJ njhopy;El;g epGzHfshfpa ,tw;iw tbtikg;gtHfsplk; ,Ue;J md;whlk; ,jd; Njitia eilKiwapy; gad;gLj;JgtHfs; Mfpa midtuhYk; rpwg;Gwr; nray;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. 5.Methods: GIS MdJ rpwg;ghf tbtikf;fg;gl;l nray;ghl;Lj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; tHj;jff; Nfhl;ghLfs; Mfpatw;Wf;fpilapy; eilngWfpwJ. ,it rpwg;ghd khjphpfis cUthf;fpj;je;J xt;nthU epWtdg;ghl;bw;Fk; vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. ii). Briefly explain the application of GIS in Agriculture and water resources. Agriculture i) cw;gj;jp (production) ii) Ntshz;ik tHj;jfk; rhHe;j gq;fspg;G (Agribusiness inputs) iii) Ntshz;ik rhHe;j gyd;fs; (Agri business outputs) iv) Ma;T (Research) v) murhl;b (Government) 161 a) Production: vsspikahd ,lk; rhHe;jGs;sp tptuq;fspd; cjtpahy; ,e;j epytiuglkhdJ x`pNah khepyj;jpy; css;s gh];gu]; nr;aKiw MNyhridfis Fwpj;j jfty;fis mspf;fpwJ. b) Agri business Inputs:

xU epytiuglj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. rhpahd EfHNthH Fwpj;j milahsj;ij fz;lwptjd; %yk; Nritfis rhpahf mwpe;jpl KbfpwJ. re;ij Fwpj;j tpguq;fis epWtdq;fSf;F mspj;jpl ,k;Kiw gad;gLfpwJ. c) Agribusines outputs: GIS -I gd;gLj;jp mWtilf;F gpwF cw;gj;jpahsHfs; fr;rhg;nghUl;fis ,lk; khw;wp vLj;J nry;y chpa Nghf;Ftuj;ij epWt ,k;Kiw cjtp nra;fpd;wJ. d) Research: caug;gFjpapypUe;J nra;ag;gLk; Ma;T khjphpfspd; %yk; vq;F epy mhpg;G mjpfk; Vw;gLk; vd;W mwpa KbAk;. e) Government: tptrhaj;ij jtpu kw;w gad;ghLfSf;Fk; tsHr;rpf;Fk; chpa fpuhkg; gFjpfis fz;lwpa GIS gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ 2. Water Resources: GIS-d; %yk; gy;NtW ,Ug;G epiyfs; kw;Wk; ePH epHthfk; Mfpatw;wpy; Vw;gLk; rpf;fy;fis jPHf;f cjtp nra;Ak; cgfuzq;fs; jahhpf;fyhk;. ,t;tpj ePH Ma;Tfs; vy;yh epiyfspYk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. GIS-njhopy;El;gj;jpd; %yk; ePHts epGzHfspdhy; midj;J jfty;fisAk; xUq;fpizj;J Ma;T nra;a KbAk;.

162

MODEL QUESTION PAPER - II SURVEYING - II PART A Marks 15 x 1 = 15 Note : Answer any 15 Questions. All Questions carry

equal marks
1. State the function of shifting head in a theodolite: efUk; Kfg;G (shifting head) %yk; kpf tpiuthfTk;> Jy;ypakhfTk; fUtpia Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;jpy; mikg;gjw;F trjp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd; %yk; fpilkl;lkhf rpwpJ J}uk; fUtpia Kf;fhypfspd; kPJ efHj;jyhk;. 2. Define the termtransiting: jpNahliyl;by; cs;s njhiy Nehf;fpahdJ fpilkl;l mr;ir (horizontal axis) ikakhf nfhz;L nrq;Fj;J jsj;jpy; (vertical plane) KOikahf RoYkhdhy; mJ RoYk; jpNahliyl; vdg;gLk;. 3. State any field checks in a closed theodolite traverse? Algebrain sum of labitudes and departures are not equal to zero. ( The traverse is wrong) 4. State any one ruel to balance the theodolite traverse. Jtf;fg;Gs;spapd; ,iz mr;R J}uj;jpd; fzf;fPl;L msT fw;gidahd ,iz mr;R J}uj;jpd mstpw;F rkkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. 5. What are the two system of fachemetry? 1. Nlf;NfhkPl;lH 2. ];Nlbah uhL 6. Write the distance formula in a stadia tachemetry. D=- s+(F+d) vd;gJ ngUf;F epiy
163

Area of Traverse = A = 47713.79m2 22. a i) Briefly explain different system of Tachometer?

.

. . . f/i 1 . . 2 80 .

ii) What are the various of a tacheometer? Describe the field procedure of determining the constant of a tacheometer, Refer M.Q.1. Q.NO: 22.(A) 168 2RD = 360 x 20 360 x 20 1145.9 R = ---------------- = ---------------2D D 1145.9 R = ---------------2D

15. Mention any two method of setting out simple circular curve. ePz;l ehz;ypUe;J Fj;njjpHNfhL tiue;J tisT mikj;jy; (Setting out simple circular curve taking offset from long chrd) njhL NfhLfspypUe;J Fj;njjpH NfhLfis tiue;J tisTfis mikj;jy; (Setting out the curve by offsets from the tangents) 16. Write any one objective of a transition curve. xU njhLNfhl;bidAk;> jdp tl;l tistpidAk; ,izg;gjw;fhf cUthf;fg;gLk; tisT khWjy; tisT MFk;. NkYk; ,uz;L $l;L tisT my;yJ ,uz;J nenujpH ,izg;gjw;fhf cUthf;fg;gLk; tisT khWjy; tisT vdg;gLfpwJ. 17. Name any two accessories used in total station Tripod (bhpg;ghl;fs;) msit khjphpfs; (Measurment models) 18. Mention any one linking software used to transfer data files in total station. Electronic data reading Electronic field book 19. Mention any two geographical informations required in (GIS) Topographic map Environmental map Development of GIS GIS vd;gJ fzpg;nghwp %yk; epyts glq;fis myrp Muha;e;J Gtpapay; jfty;fis czuTk;> g+kpapd; kPJ Vw;gLk; khWjy;fis mwpaTk; cjTk; xU fUtp. 20. List out the companent of GIS 165

Handware vd;gJ GIS nray;gLk; fzpg;nghwp mikg;ghFk;. Hand hand Softward Data people PART- BMarks 5 x 2 = 60 Note :

i) Answer all Questions choosing either division (A) or division (B) of each question. ii) All divisions carry equal marks. 21. (A) i) What are the fundamental lines of a theodolite. State the relationship between them. 4
: i. ii. iii. iv.] :

. . . , , .

21.a.ii) What are the procedures for theodolite traversing by included angle method? 8 166 Refer M.Q.-1 Q.No: 25A)i) 21. b The following table gives the latitude and departure of the side of a closed traverse ABCD. Calculate the independent co-ordinates and find the area of the traverse. Line AB BC CD Latitude -088.0 +416.1 +07.0 Departure +133.90 +356.90 -14.840

DA Solution:

-335.1

-475.96

Assume independent co-ordinates (500,500) jdpg;gl;l ,iz mr;R J}uq;fs;: Latitude: (Y) Latitude of A = 500 (Y1) Latitude of B = 500 88 = 412(Y2) Latitude of C = 412 + 416.1 = 828.1(Y3) Latitude of D = 828.1 + 7 = 835.1(Y4) Latitude of B = 835.1 335.10 = 412(Y5) jdpg;gl;l ,iz mr;RJ}uk;: Departure (X1) Departure of A = 500 (X1) Departure of B = 500 + 133.90 = 633.9 (X2) Departure of C = 633.9 + 356.96 = 990.8 (X3) Departure of D = 990.8 -14.84 = 975.96 (X4) Departure of A = 975.96 475.96 = 500 (X5) . P = Y1X2+ Y2X3+ Y3X4+ Y4X1 = 500633.9+412990.8+828.1975.96+835.1500 . P = 1950902.076 . Q = X1Y2+ X2Y3+ X3Y4+ X4Y1 = 500412+633.9828.1+990.8835.1+975.96500 . Q = 2046329.67m2 Area: Area =

= Area = 47713.79m2 Result: 167 RL of top of the temple = 1745.12m

B) i) Briefly write about the basic process of remote sensing. 6

ii) Briefly write about the applications of Photogrammetric surveying. 6 172 22. b A tachometer fitted with an anallatic lens was set up over a BM = 250.00 above datum and the following readings were obtained on a vertically held staff. Staff Station P Vertical angle 514 Stadia hair readings 0.450, 1.035,

-733

1.620 0.860, 1.270, 1.680

Calculate the distance of P and Q from the instrument station and their elevation. The height of the instrument is 1.5m. To determine: Horizontal distance (PQ) Solution:

1 = 514 S1 = 1.620 0.450 =1.17 (K = 100, C = 0) D1 = KS1COS2 1 = 1001.17cos (514)2 D1= 116.02m 169

V1 = D1 tan 1 = 116.02tan 514 V1 = 10.6m RL of Instrument axis (P) = RL of BM + V1 + h1+HI

= 250+10.6+1.035+1.55 RL of Instrument axis (P) = 263.185m Now Distance D2: 2 = -733 S2 = 1.680 0.860 =0.820 (K = 100, C = 0) D2 = KS2COS2 2 = 1000.82cos (733)2 D2= 80.65m V2 = D2 tan 2 = 80.65tan 733 V2 = 10.68m RL of Instrument axis (Q) = RL of BM + H1 -V1 - S2 = 250+1.5-10.68-1.27 RL of Instrument axis (Q) = 228.55m Distance of PQ = RL of P RL of Q = 263.185 228.55 Distance of PQ = 34m Result: Distance of PQ = 34m 23. A Determine the RL of top of the temple from the following observations: 170 Instrument Station A B Vertical angle to top of temple 1642 1112 Staff reading on BM 3.625 2.005 Remarks

R.C of BM = 1728.785

Stations A,B in line with top of the temple:

To find: RL of Top of temple Solution: Calculation of RL: RL of instrument axis at A = 1728.785 + 3.625 = 1732.41m RL of instrument axis at B = 1728.785 + 2.005 = 1730.79m Calculation of S: S = S1 S2 = 3.625 2.005 = 1.62m Calculation D D= D = 42.35m Calculation of h1 and h2 h1 = D tan1 = 42.35 tan 1642 = 12.71m h2 = (D+d) tan 2 = (42.35 + 30) tan 1112 h2 = 14.32m Calculation of RL of Q: RL of Q = RL of Instrument axis , A1+h1 = 1732.41 + 12.71 = 1745.12m Result: 171 Chainage of T1 = 5579m Chainage of point 1-d; tisT = 5570m Chainage of point 2-d; tisT = 5570 + 30 = 5600m Chainage of point 3-d; tisT = 5600+ 30 = 5630m Chainage of point 4-d; tisT = 5630+ 30 = 5660m =

Chainage of point 5-d; tisT = 5660+ 30 = 5690m Chainage of T2= 5693m Tangential angle calculation:1 = 1718.9 C/R minutes Tangential angle for initial sub curve, 1 = 1718.9 9/345 = 44.84 = 04450 Tangential angle for last sub chord 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = (1718.9 x 30)/345 = 149.46 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = 22928 Deflection angle calculation: Deflection angle for initial Sub chord = 1 = 1 = 04450 2 = 1 + 2 = 04450 + 22928 = 31418 3 = 2 + 3 = 31418+ 22928 = 54346 4 = 3 + 4 = 54346+ 22928 = 81314 5 = 4 + 5 = 81314+ 22928 = 104214 CHECK: 6 = /2 = 19/2 = 930 25.a What are the fundamental quantities measured in total station? 1. Horizontal angle 176
1. photogrammetriy . 2. ,

. 3.

photogrammetriy .

4. 5. 6.

. . .

24. (A) i) Briefly explain different types of circular curves with neat sketches. 6 Circular curves:
.

simple curve:
nfhz;l simple .

curve:

compound curve:
compound curve .

Reverse curve:
Reverse curve .

173

ii) Define Transition curve and Vertical curve. State their uses. 6

Vertical curves:
. .

Trasition curve:
. .

24. b Two tangent s intersect at a chainage 5637m the intersection angle being 161 calculate and tabulate all the necessary data foe setting out a left landed curve of Radius 345m, by Rankines method of deflection angles. Assume peg intervals as 30 and also least count of the theodolite as 20. Solution: tiytpd; Muk; = 345m FWf;fPL Nfhzk;= I = 161 NrapNd[;d; FWf;fPL Gs;sp = 5673 Ngf;d; ,ilntsp = 30 Deflection angles = 180 - 161 = 19 0 174 Nld;[d;l; ePsk; = R tan /2 = 345 tan 19/2 = 57.73m

tistpd; ePsk; = R /180 = 34519 /180 = 114.40m Kjy; Nld;[d;Bd; nrapNd[; = 5637 57.73 = 5579.26m ,uz;lhtJ Nld;[d;Bd; nrapNd[; = 5579.26 + 114.40 = 5693.66m Length of initial subscribed = 5570 5579.26 = 9m Length of last sub chord = 7m = 5693-5690 =3m Unit chords in vz;zpf;if = (5690 5590)/3 = 4 nos Nkhj;j chord-fspd; vz;zpf;if = 1+4+1 = 6nos 175 2. 3. Vertical angle Slopping distance

Horizontal angle
. reference

reference . total station .

Vertical angle
Vertical angle reference .

. sensor . .

Slope distance
Total station electronic distance measurement (EDM) . slope distance 2.8 to 4.2 km . accuracy . Accuracy= a mm+ b mm constant a . survey . difficult .

25. (B) i) Briefly explain the application of GIS in Agriculture and water resources. 177

Refer M.Q. -2 Q.no- 25. B.ii. ii) Briefly explain the application of GIS in Wasteland management. 4

GIS

i)

GIS .

179