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BE EXTC

D T S P

MAY- 2009

By Kiran Talele ( talelesir@yahoo.com )

Q1. Attempt any four :(a) Impulse response of the high pass filter is obtained from the impulse response of the low pass filter by changing the signs of the odd numbered samples in impulse response of low pass filter . Justify. [4] Soln : Refer DTSP-May-2007 Q1 (a) (b) Explain the relationship between DFT and DCT. [4]

Soln :
DCT-2 of DT signal x[n] is defined as ,

X C 2[k ] = 2

N 1 n=0

x [ n ] cos

k ( 2 n + 1) 2N

for 0 k N 1 ----(1)

For DCT-2, By DFT

~ [n] = x[((n )) ] + x[(( n 1)) ] x2 2N 2N


X 2 [k ] = X [((k ))] + X [(( k ))] W2Nk

X 2 [k ] = X [((k ))] + X [(( k ))] e 2 N


jk jk

j 2 k

X 2 [k ] = e 2 N X [((k ))] e 2 N + X [(( k ))] e 2 N jk jk X 2 [k ] = e 2 N 2 Re al X [k ] e 2 N ---------(2) jk To find Re al X [k ] e 2 N


jk

Now

X [k ] =

2 N 1 n=0

x[n] W
N 1 n=0

nk 2N
2nk 2N

X [k ] = x[n] e
Multiply both sides by, e 2 N
jk

X [k ] e

jk 2N

= x[n] e
n=0

N 1

2nk 2N

jk

e 2N

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9987030881

B E EXTC
X [k ] e 2 N = x[n] e X [k ] e
jk 2N jk

D T S P
j

MAY- 2009

N 1 n=0 N 1 n =0

k ( 2 n +1 )
2N

x[n]

{ cos[

n =0 N 1

k ( 2 n+1)
2N

] j sin[

k ( 2 n+1)
2N

]}

Re al X [k ] e 2 N =
jk

n x[n] cos k (22N+1)

]
jk

By substituting in equation (2) we get, From eq-(2), X 2 [k ] = e


jk 2N

2 Re al X [k ] e 2 N

jk

X2[k]= e 2 N 2
jk

n =0

N 1

n x[n] cos k (22N+1) -----(3)

Comparing equation (1) and (3) we get,


c2 X2[k]= e 2 N X [ k ]
j k

X c 2[k ] = X 2[k ] e 2 N

ANS

(c) A two pole LPF has the system function H(z) =


conditions | H(0) | = 1 and H =1/ 2 4
2

bo (1 pz1)2

Determine the

values of bo and P such that the frequency response H(w) satisfied the [4]

Soln : Refer DTSP-Dec-2007 Q6 (c)


(d) Compare IIR and FIR filters. [4]

Soln :
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 FIR filter Provides exact linear phase. Provides good stability. Order required is higher. Computationally not efficient. More memory required for the storage of coefficients. Requires more processing time. Requires M multiplications per output sample IIR filter Not linear phase. Stability is not guaranteed. Order required is lower. Computationally more efficient. Less memory required fro storage of coefficients. Requires less processing time. Requires 2M + 1 multiplications per output sample.

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9987030881

B E EXTC

D T S P

MAY- 2009

(b) Give any three advantages and dis-advantages of digital filters. [4]

Soln :
Advantages of digital filters :-

The following list gives some of the main advantages of digital over analog filters. 1. A digital filter is programmable, i.e. its operation is determined by a program stored in the processor's memory. This means the digital filter can easily be changed without affecting the circuitry (hardware). ( i.e. Flexibility in parameter setting ) 2. Digital filters are easily designed, tested and implemented on a general-purpose computer or workstation. 3. Digital filters are extremely stable with respect both to time and temperature.
4.

Digital filters can handle low frequency signals accurately. As the speed of DSP technology continues to increase, digital filters are being applied to high frequency signals in the RF (radio frequency) domain.

5. Digital filters are very much more versatile in their ability to process signals in a variety of ways; this includes the ability of some types of digital filter to adapt to changes in the characteristics of the signal.
Dis-advantages of digital filters :1) They are more susceptible to problems of finite-length arithmetic, such as noise generated by calculations, and limit cycles. (This is a direct consequence of feedback: when the output isn't computed perfectly and is fed back, the imperfection can compound.) 2) They are harder (slower) to implement using fixed-point arithmetic. 3) FIR filters sometimes have the disadvantage that they require more memory and/or calculation to achieve a given filter response characteristic.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q2. (a) Sample the given CT signal x(t) = sin (2 1000 t) + 0.5 sin( 2 2000t) At 8000 samples /sec and find out 8 point DFT using DIT-FFT. [10] Soln : Refer DTSP-May-2008 Q2 (b)

(b) For the given sequence x[n]={ 2, 0, 0, 1 }. Perform the following operations:- [10] (i) Find out 4 point DFT of x[n]. (ii) Plot x[n], its periodic extension xp[n] and xp[n3] 2rk (iii) Add phase angle in (i) with factor where N=4, r=3, k=0,1,2,3.
N

Then find x[n] (iv) Comment on results you had in point (i) and (ii).

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9987030881

B E EXTC Soln (b) (i): To find X[k]


N 1

D T S P

MAY- 2009

By DFT, X[k] =
0 X [ K ] = wN 0 wN 0 wN 0 wN 0 wN

n= 0
0 wN 2 wN 4 wN 6 wN 0 wN 3 wN 6 wN w9 N

x[n] WNnk
x[ 0 ] x[1] x[ 2 ] x[ 3 ]

w1 N 2 wN 3 wN

X [k ] =
X[k ] =

1 1 1 j 1 1 1
3 2 1 2 + j j

1 1 1

1 j 1

1 j
k = 0

2 0 0 1

ANS

Soln (b) (ii): To plot x[n], xp[n] and xp[n3]


2 X[n] 2 Xp[n] 2 Xp[n3] 1 2 1 2 2 1

Soln (b) (iii): To add phase angle


2 3 k == 4.71 k 4 k=0 0 = 0 k=1 1 = 4.71 k=2 2 = 9.42 k=3 2 =14.13

2rk where N=4, r=3, k = N

k =

Now,

X [k ] =

3 2 1 2

= 3 0 j = 2 . 236 0 . 4636 = 1 0 j = 2 . 236 0 . 4636

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9987030881

B E EXTC

D T S P

MAY- 2009

By adding Phase angle,we get,


3 0 2 . 236 5 . 1736 X[k ] = 1 9 . 42 2 . 236 13 . 6664 k = 0 3 == 1 2 j 1 1 + 2 j k = 0

By iDFT, x[n] =
x[n] = 1 4
x[ n ]
0 wN

1 N
0 wN 1 N 2 N 3 N

n= 0

N 1

X [k ] WN nk

0 wN

w w w

0 N 0 N 0 N

w w w
1 1 1 1

w w

2 N 4 N 6 N

0 wN 3 wN wN6 wN9

X [0] X [1] X [2] X [3]


= 1 4

1 j 1 j

1 1 1 1

1 j 1 j

3 1 2 j 1 1 + 2 j

x[ n ]

= 1 2 0 0

n = 0

Soln (b) (iv) Comment on results you had in point (i) and (ii).
x[n] obtained in (iii) is same as xp[n3] in (ii)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q3. (a) The unit sample response of a system is h[n]= { 2, 2, 1}. Use overlap save method to determine the output sequence in response to the repeating input sequence x[n] ={ 3, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0 } using overlap add convolution method. [10] Refer DTSP-Dec-2007 Q3 (b) (b) What is DCT ? Explain how DCT is classified in four types as DCT-I, DCTII, DCT-III, DCT-IV. Which type is most widely used and why ? [10] Soln : Refer DTSP-Dec-2008 Q4 (a)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q4. (a) The transfer function of discrete time causal system is given below :- [10]
H (z) = 1 z 1 1 0.2 z 1 0.15 z 2

(i) Find the difference equation (ii) Draw cascade and parallel realization.

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9987030881

B E EXTC

D T S P

MAY- 2009

(iii) Show POLE-ZERO diagram and then find magnitude at w=0 and w= (iv) Calculate the impulse response of the system. (b) Obtain the lattice realization for the system. ? [10]
H (z) = 1 + 3 z 1 + 3 z 2 + z 3 1+
3 z 1 4

1 2

z 2 + 1 z 3 4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q5. (a) Consider the following specifications for a low-pass filter,


0.99 H(e j w) 1.01
H(e j w) 0.01

for 0 w

0.3

for 0.35 w

Design a Linear phase FIR filter to meet these specifications using window design method. [10] Soln : Refer DTSP-May-2007 Q3 (a) (b) Explain pole zero locations for Type-I, Type-II, Type-III and Type-IV linear phase FIR filters. [10] Soln : Refer DTSP-May-2007 Q4 (b)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q6. (a) Use the Bilinear Transformation to design a Discrete Time Chebyshev High Pass filter with an equiripple passband with [10]
0 H(e j w) 0.1 0.9 H(e j w) 1.0 for 0 w 0.1

for 0.3 w

Soln : Refer DTSP-May-2007 Q3 (b)


(b) With the help of block diagram, explain architecture of TMS320C5X series of processor. [10] Soln : Refer DTSP-Dec-2004 Q7 (b)(i)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q7. Write short Notes (Any two) :- [20] (a) Frequency sampling realization of FIR filters.

Soln :
By ZT,

H (z) =

N 1 n=0

h [n] z n
N 1 k =0

N 1 n=0

1 N

H [k ] WNnk
N 1 n=0

n Z

N 1 k =0

1 H [k ] N

W N nk
:

Z n

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9987030881

B E EXTC

D T S P

MAY- 2009
k N

=
=

N 1 k =0

1 H [k ] N

N 1 n=0

(W
e
j 2k N

Z 1
n

)
n

1 N

N 1

N 1

H [ k ].

k =0

N 1

n=0

Z 1

1 N

k = 0

j2 k 1 e N Z 1 H [k ] . j2 k 1 e Z 1 N
H [k ] . 1 e 1 e
j2 k

1 N

N 1 k = 0

N 1

j2 k Z N

But e j2k = 1

H ( z) =
Let Where

1 ( 1 z N ) N
1 H 1 ( z) H 2 ( z) N

N 1 k =0

H [k ] 1 e
j 2 k N

z 1

H ( z) =

H1(z) = (1 z N )
H 2 (z) =

H [k ]
j 2k N

FIR Filter

And

N 1 k =0

1 e

Parallel Bank of IIR Filters.

Frequency sampling realization is realization of FIR ( i.e. Non recursive ) filter using IIR ( i.e. Recursive) filters.
(b) Finite word lengths in digital filters. (c) Digital resonator Solution : Refer DTSP-May-2006 Q 5(a)(ii)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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9987030881

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