Hong Minh Thng

T : 0977168811

PHAN 3
NG DUNG HE SCADA VAO HE THONG PHA TRON HOA CHAT

Chng 1:

SCADA

He Thong

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I.

GII THIEU HE SCADA.

SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition = he thong giam sat, ieu khien va thu thap d lieu) la he thong cho phep ngi ieu hanh giam sat va ieu khien cac qua trnh ma chung c phan bo trong cac ni xa. Co nhieu qua trnh s dung he thong SCADA nh: thuy ien, cac khau x ly va phan phoi nc , kh t nhien, v.vCac he thong SCADA cho phep cac ni xa lien lac vi phng tien ieu khien va cung cap d lieu ieu khien can thiet cho cac qua trnh ieu khien. Khi khoang cach en cac ni xa tang th cang kho truy cap hn, khi o SCADA tr thanh s chon tot nhat cho ngi ieu hanh e ieu chnh va quan sat. Khoang cach va s xa la hai yeu to chnh e cai at cac he thong SCADA . Cac he thong SCADA hien ai co nhieu ac tnh tien tien nh: kien truc phan bo, c s d lieu phan bo, giao tiep o hoa vi ngi s dung (GUI = Graphic User Interface), cac n v o lng t xa thong minh v.v He SCADA thng c dung e ch tat ca cac he thong may tnh c thiet ke e thc hien cac chc nang sau: Thu thap d lieu t cac thiet b cong nghiep hoac cac cam bien/ chuyen oi nang lng. X ly va thc hien cac phep tnh tren d lieu thu thap c. Hien th d lieu thu thap va d lieu c suy ra. Nhan lenh t ngi ieu hanh va thc hien gi cac lenh ieu khien en cac thiet b cua nha may. X ly cac lenh ieu khien t ong hoac bang tay ung luc va tin cay. Cac he thong nh vay co the c goi bang cac ten khac trong cac tnh huong va cac ky nghe khac, nh: DAC (Data Acquition and Control = ieu khien va thu thap d lieu), DCS (Distributed Control Systems = Cac he thong ieu khien phan bo), v.vTat ca cac he thong nay ve c ban thc hien cung cac chc nang. Xuat phat t cac cong viec ng dung cu the ma co s khac biet gia chung cac ac iem sau:

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V tr va s phan bo cac nguon d lieu cong nghiep (cac thiet b nha may). Lng d lieu c thu thap. Toc o thu thap d lieu. Cac lenh ieu khien co the c tao ra mot cach t ong bi cac he thong nay mc o nao. Kieu tnh toan va v tr ma cac tnh toan va cac tac ong ieu khien se c thc hien. He thong SCADA co 4 phan t chnh: ngi ieu hanh (operator), phan t thiet b au cuoi chnh MTU (Master Terminal Unit), truyen thong lien lac va phan t thiet b au cuoi xa RTU (Remote Terminal Unit). Ngi ieu hanh thc hien ieu khien qua thong tin c mo ta trong khoi hien th hnh anh VDU (Video Display Unit). Phan nhap cua he thong thng xuat phat t ngi ieu hanh qua ban phm cua MTU. Thong tin t cac ni xa c MTU giam sat va hien th cac thong tin nay cho ngi ieu hanh . Quan he gia MTU va RTU tng t nh gia chu va t.

MTU (Master Terminal Unit)

Outputs to Other Devices

Inputs from RTU

MTU

Outputs to RTU

Inputs from Operator Hnh 3.1: Cac phan nhap va xuat cua MTU.

Trung tam cua he thong la MTU. Nhiem vu cua MTU la khi ong tat ca cac cong viec: truyen thong lien lac, thu thap d lieu, lu tr thong tin, gi thong tin en cac he thong khac, va giao tiep vi ngi ieu hanh. S

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khac biet chnh gia MTU va RTU la MTU khi ong ao tat ca cac truyen thong bang lap trnh gia no va con ngi. Hau het tat ca cac truyen thong c thc hien bi MTU. MTU cung lien lac vi cac thiet b ngoai vi khac nh: monitor, may in hoac cac he thong thong tin khac. Thanh phan giao tiep c ban vi ngi ieu hanh la monitor ma trong o hien th cac valve, bm v.vKhi d lieu en thay oi th man hnh c cap nhat.

RTU (Remote Terminal Unit):

RTU thu thap thong tin xa t nhieu thiet b nhap nh cac valve, bm, bao ong (alarm), ong ho o (meter)Chu yeu d lieu dang analog (so thc), digital (on/off), hoac d lieu xung (nh em so vong xung cua cac meter). Nhieu RTU gi thong tin thu thap c trong bo nh va i yeu cau t MTU e truyen d lieu. Cac RTU hien ai hn co cac may vi tnh va cac PLCs co the ieu khien trc tiep qua a iem t xa khong can nh hng cua MTU. . Outputs to Field Devices

Inputs from MTU

RTU

Outputs to MTU

RTU.

Inputs from Field Devices Hnh 3.2: Cac phan nhap va xuat cua

CPU cua RTU nhan luong d lieu nh phan theo giao thc truyen thong. Cac giao thc co the m rong nh TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) hoac cac giao thc rieng rieng. Nhng luong d lieu tong quat cha cac thong tin c to chc theo mo hnh 7 lp ISO/OSI.

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Mo hnh OSI c s dung e at tieu chuan cho cach trao oi thong tin vi cac giao thc, truyen thong va d lieu. RTU nhan thong tin cua no nh vao ma nhan dang cua no trong d lieu truyen. D lieu nay c dien dch va CPU ieu khien tac ong thch hp tai cho.

II. CAC AC TNH CHNH CUA HE THONG SCADA HIEN AI.

Kien truc he thong:
Hien nay cac he SCADA the he mi c xay dng theo kien truc phan bo, trong o cong suat cua may chu c phan bo tren mot so bo x ly c noi cung vi nhau bang mang cuc bo (LAN). Trong o moi bo x ly co mot trach nhiem nhat nh nh : thu thap va x ly, tao hien th, thiet lap bao cao v.v va mot so bo x ly dung e d phong. Nh vao cac cong nghe dien rong (WAN), he thong SCADA co the c phan bo tren mot mien a ly rong. He thong c thiet ke theo he thong m va c cau server_client. Kien truc tieu bieu cua mot he SCADA phan bo:

IOS

HMI

HDC

GW

APPS

phan bo.

Hnh 3.3: Kien truc tieu bieu cua mot he SCADA

Trong o: IOS = Data Input/Output Module. HMI = Human_Machine Interface Module. HDC = Historical Data Collection and Storage Module. GW = Gateway for inter_LAN communications. APPS = Application Calculations and Processing Module.

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ly tien tien.

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Cac bo x ly may tnh: s dung cac vi x Thiet b giao tiep gia ngi_may (HMI = HumanMachine Interface)

SCADA trang b cac VDU (Visual Display Unit = n v hien th) ay u o hoa co kem mouse, trackball jottick va ban phm. Cac nut ieu khien noi cng c thay the bang cac bieu tng tren man hnh c tac ong bang chuot hay ban phm. Cac phng tien nay giup cho ngi ieu hanh:

Nhanh chong hoan oi gia cac man hnh hien th. Nhanh chong xem c chi tiet cac thong tin. Tao va sa oi cac man hnh hien th trc tiep he thong. Co nhng hieu ng ac biet e tang kha nang phan biet ro d lieu (v du cac mau khac nhau cho cac lo khac nhau trong mot ng ong dan dau). Vi cac VDU hoat ong trong moi trng Windows hay XWindows, ngi ieu hanh cung co the: Xem tren cung mot VDU nhieu mang thong tin ma thng trai ra tren nhieu man hnh hien th. Tren cung man hnh, truy cap c cac d lieu nam rai rac theo vung hoac cac d lieu thuoc cac c s d lieu khac nhau. Do o, nhng phng tien HMI hien ai cho phep ngi ieu hanh truy cap so lng thong tin ln de hn va nhanh hn.

Cac n v o lng t xa RTU (Remote Telemetry Unit)

Cac RTU khong con la nhng thiet b thu ong na, ma muc ch chnh cua no la thu thap va lu tr d lieu vung. Nhieu mc x ly d lieu va ieu khien c thc hien cac RTU. Nhieu loai thiet b co the c noi vao cac RTU nh: PLC, may o lu lng, thiet b lay chuan va o bon cha v.v

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Cac RTU co the c sap xep theo kien truc phan bo hoac phan cap. D lieu cua cac RTU c x ly tai tram chu.

C s d lieu
D lieu c lu tr khong nhng la d lieu o ac t xa, c tnh toan ma con co cac thong so bao ve cac s kien va cac canh bao. Do ban chat phan bo cua he SCADA, c s d lieu cung phan bo. Ve van e bao mat th cho nhieu cap truy cap s dung: ieu hanh vien, giam sat vien, huan luyen, ky s, v.v C s d lieu cung lien he vi he thong tin quan tr MIS (Geographic Information System).

Truyen thong may tnh

Truyen thong LAN/WAN gia cac may tnh da tren mot so tieu chuan cong nghiep phu hp vi mo hnh OSI (Open System Interconnection). Hien nay a co cac cong nghe: Fast Internet, FDDI, Frame Relay, ATM, v.vTrong tng lai ngi ta co khuynh hng chuyen sang ATM.

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Chng 2:

Trnh

Thc Hien Chng

I. GII THIEU VE HE THONG PHA TRON.

1.Gii thieu tong quat.
He thong ieu khien pha tron hoa chat c hoan tat da tren s ket hp logic gia lap trnh phan mem va mo hnh that. Chng trnh s dung cac ngon ng lap trnh: S7-300 va WinCC. Phan mem WinCC cho phep ieu khien ket noi gia cac hnh o hoa c tao, ong thi la giao dien gia ngi ieu hanh va he thong ieu khien. Ngon ng lap trnh S7-300 c dung e tao thao tac van hanh cung nh quy luat hoat ong va ieu khien he thong. He thong pha tron bao gom: 3 loai chat long cha san 3 bon cung cap, dan qua bm va valve trc khi vao bon pha tron, mot bon e cha chat long sau khi tron, va mot ong c dung e khuay tron. Do khong co cac sensor bao mc chat long, sensor o lu lng nen phan lap trnh ieu khien chu yeu da vao bo nh thi Timer va ac iem cua cac valve, bm. Tuy vay, no van cho ket qua chap nhan c. Phan mo hnh gom: 3 bon cung cap moi bon cha c toi a la 4.5 lt, bon dung cho pha tron cha toi a 9 lt, bm co toc o 1lt/30giay, ong c, cac valve va cac rle ong ngat.

2.Hoat ong cua he thong.

Khi nhan nut RUN, 3 van cung cap A, B, C va bm c tac ong, cho phep chat long t 3 bon chay vao bon pha tron theo t le nhat nh. Chang han, chat A: 60%, chat B: 25%, chat C: 15%. Khi van cuoi cung (van A) ong lai th ong c bat au hoat ong vi thi gian bang thi gian m van A. ong c dng, lam tn hieu kch bm va van xa hoat ong (thi gian xa bang tong thi gian 3 van cung cap neu cac bm co cung tnh chat). Sau khi xa xong tc la mot lan tron a hoan tat, bo em so thung tang len 1. ong thi delay 5s trc khi he thong lap vong tr lai. Va

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c the tiep tuc cho en khi ta nhan nut STOP th dng. ac biet khi ong c ang quay hoac khi van xa ang hoat ong, ta co the nhan nut PAUSE, toan bo he thong se dng lai cho en khi nhan PAUSE lan na. He thong tiep tuc hoat ong tr lai vi gia tr thi gian a lu gi trong bo nh. Vi chc nang nay cua nut PAUSE, he thong cua ta se hoat ong linh hoat hn tuy vao y muon cua ngi ieu hanh. Lu o giai thuat cua he thong pha tron hoa chat:

Begin at gia tr Nhan Run

N

0<gia tr at<7
Y

a ra message

3 van cung cap hoat ong

N N

Cho phep khoa van cung cap

Y

Stop
Y

ong c quay
N

Khoa 3 van cung cap

Cho phep ngng ong c

Paus e
N

Dng ong c
Y

Stop
N

Paus e
N

Y Thiet Ke He SCADA Dung WinCC Trang109 Ngng 2 1

Delay

ong c

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2
M van xa

Cho phep khoa van xa

Y

Paus e
N

Dng van xa
Y

Delay 5s
Y

Stop
N

Paus e
N

Khoa van xa

Delay

Gian o xung ve qua trnh hoat ong cua he thong:

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Tn hieu lenh Van A Van B Van C ong c Van xa

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tA tB

tC tM tD
5s

Cach van hanh: Co hai cach van hanh he thong: ieu khien bang cac cong tac vat ly (gia lap lam nut nhan) hoac ieu khien tren may tnh nh phan mem WinCC.

II. TAO CAC GIAO DIEN KET NOI BANG WINCC.

1.Cac tags va nhom tag a tao trong chng trnh.

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Cac nhom tag gom co: nhom tag ieu khien, nhom tag thi gian thc thi va nhom tag the tch. Cac tag oc lap: tag gia tr at, tag so thung.

Cac tags trong nhom tagieu khien:

Cac tags trong nhom tag thi gian thc thi:

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Cac tags trong nhom tag the tch:

2.Cac giao dien cho chng trnh.

a. Man hnh chnh:

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ay la man hnh tong quat cho phep lien ket vi tat ca cac hnh trong chng trnh. Bao gom cac nut ieu khien: Gii thieu, Thong tin, ieu khien, Mo hnh, Xem d lieu, Thu thap, o th, Thong bao, Thoat. Moi nut c nhan se goi en tng hnh co noi dung tng ng. Rieng vi nut Thoat, khi nhan se thoat khoi WinCC RunTime.

b. Man hnh Gii thieu:

Man hnh nay cung cap mot oan Video gii thieu ve cong nghe va thanh tu cua hang Siemens.

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c. Man hnh Thong tin:

Cho cac thong tin ve ten e tai va ngi thc hien.

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d. Man hnh ieu khien:

Bao gom : Mot I/O field: cho phep at vao so lt can pha tron. Gia tr nay co the len en 999.999 (so thc) nhng thc te do bon cha co dung tch la 9 lt, va moi bon cung cap co dung tch la 4.5 lt, nen moi lan pha tron ch cho phep toi a la 7 lt. Do o, neu at qua gia tr nay,

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mot message se tao ra thong bao ngi van hanh at lai gia tr cho thch hp. Nut nhan Run: cho chay chng trnh. Nut nhan Stop: dng chng trnh. Nut nhan Reset: xoa bo em so thung ve 0. Cong tac Pause: cho phep dng tam thi chng trnh (cac nut nhan Pause ngoai thc te chnh la cac cong tac).

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e. Man hnh Mo hnh:

Ta hoan toan co the giam sat hoat ong cua he thong tren may tnh ma khong can mo hnh thc te thong qua phan giao dien nay. No bao gom cac I/O field va cac thanh Bar giup ta de dang hnh dung va quan sat gia tr cua cac bon cha.

f. Man hnh Xem d lieu:

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Cac d lieu c quy ra thi gian e de dang theo doi thi gian hoat ong cua cac van va ong c ng vi moi gia tr at khac nhau. ong thi ta quan sat c so thung a pha tron.

g. Man hnh Thu thap:

ay la man hnh quan trong cho phep ta thu thap d lieu t qua trnh. Va cung la mot trong ba chc nang chnh cua he SCADA.

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Ta thu thap cac gia tr bang so cu the theo dang bang (Table).

h. Man hnh o th:

Man hnh nay co chc nang giong man hnh Thu thap, ngha la cung thu thap cac gia tr t qua trnh nhng theo dang o th (Trends).

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i. Man hnh Thong Bao:

Thc te chng trnh khong dung cac cam bien canh bao ve: mc ay, mc can, s co may bm v.vcho nen man hnh nay ch mo phong, khong ap dung cho chng trnh. Tuy nhien, em van thc hien giao dien nay e khai thac het chc nang cua WinCC.

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III. LAP TRNH CHO HE THONG BANG SIMATIC S7-3OO.

1.ac tnh thiet b.
Chng trnh s dung CPU 314 IFM.

a.

Cau hnh:

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(mm)

Kch thc module:WxHxD : 160 x 125 x 130

Hoac : 6.24 x 4.88 x 5.07 (in.) a ch cac ngo vao, ra c tch hp trong CPU 314 IFM. Vao/ ra 20 ngo vao so 16 ngo ra so 4 ngo vao tng t 1 ngo ra tng t a ch 124.0 en 126.3. co 4 kenh ac biet: 126.0 en 126.3. 124.0 en 125.7. 128 en 135. 128 .

Cac kenh ac biet nay co chc nang: bo em, o tan so, bo em A/B, o v tr. Cau hnh ien: Nguon cung cap: 24VDC. Dong: 1A. Cong suat : 16W. Mot so ac tnh khac: 24 Kbytes RAM. 40 Kbytes bo nh nap tch hp trong EPROM, khong can card bo nh. Toc o truyen thong: 19.2 Kbps; 187.5 Kbps.

b. Cap ket noi MPI:

MPI ( multi-point interface): la phan giao tiep cua CPU dung e ket noi, v du nh cac thiet b lap trnh, c goi la giao tiep a iem t nhieu thiet b ma co the truy cap CPU thong qua giao tiep nay. Noi cach khac, CPU vi giao

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tiep a iem co the noi mang ma khong can them module nao khac. Cap ket noi gia CPU 314 IFM va WinCC (may tnh) co the: 9 chan-9 chan.

hoac: 25 chan-25 chan:

2.Gii thieu chng trnh:

a. trnh: Cac khoi s dung trong chng

Khoi OB1: la khoi to chc chng trnh, dung e goi cac khoi khac: khoi FB1, FC1, FC2. Khoi FB1: lap trnh hoat ong cho 3 van cung cap A, B, C ng vi 3 khoi d lieu DB1, DB2, DB3. Khoi FC1: lap trnh hoat ong cho ong c.

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Khoi FC2: lap trnh hoat ong cho van

Khoi FC3: dung e quy ra the tch t cac gia tr thi gian. Khoi FC5: kch Timer ong c chay tiep sau khi nhan lai nut Pause. Khoi FC6: kch Timer van xa chay tiep sau khi nhan lai nut Pause. Khoi FC8: load gia tr cua Timer ong c vao o nh MW30. Cac khoi FC10, FC11, FC12, FC13, FC14: xoa cac o nh cha gia tr thi gian cua cac van va ong c. Cac khoi FC15, FC20, FC21, FC23: xoa cac gia tr the tch ve 0. Khoi FC22: tnh the tch can hien th. Cac khoi DB1, DB2, DB3: cha d lieu cho 3 van cung cap A, B, C tng ng.

b.

Phan lap trnh:

(xem phu luc)

Chng 3: Ket Qua Thc Hien Va Hng Phat Trien e Tai.

1.Ket qua thc hien.

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Chng trnh a thc hien chay on nh, ung theo y tng cua ngi lap trnh. He thong hoat ong cho sai so khong ang ke. Ngoai cac chc nang c ban u cho mot he thong pha tron n gian hoat ong, em a thc hien them mot so tnh nang khac e de dang cho viec ieu khien va giam sat nh tao them nut Pause, bo em so lan pha tron v.v. Ta co the ieu khien he thong bang hai cach: ieu khien bang cac cong tac vat ly hoac ieu khien tren may tnh thong qua cac giao dien c thc hien bang lap trnh WinCC. Trong WinCC, ta co the ket noi va lay d lieu t cac o nh, trang thai cac bitse thc hien ieu khien, giam sat va thu thap d lieu. Nhng kho khan gap phai: Nhiem vu e tai la thiet ke he SCADA cho he thong pha tron hoa chat. Tuy co ve la e tai kha co ien, nhng thc chat s dung cac ngon ng lap trnh hoan toan mi. Do vay, viec thc hien e tai ch da vao cac tai lieu tm hieu ngon ng lap trnh, trong thi gian cho phep chac chan se khong tranh khoi thieu sot. Nhng nhng g a lam c, em a ap ng gan nh ay u cac yeu cau cho e tai bao gom: ieu khien, giam sat va thu thap d lieu theo ung ngha cua mot he SCADA. Ton tai han che: nut Pause co tac dung khi ong c hoac van xa ang hoat ong, va ch ap dung c cho mot van cung cap ( do tnh chat cua lenh goi CALL trong khoi OB1, van thc hien c la van c goi trc trong chng trnh).

2.Hng phat trien e tai.

Tren ay, ve c ban em a thc hien c chng trnh ng dung cho he thong pha tron chat long. Nhng kho ng dung c trong thc te san xuat, bi v ieu kien thc tai con thieu thon thiet b. e co the ap dung c trong cong nghiep, trong cac he thong day chuyen t ong vi quy mo san xuat ln th can phai co cam bien bao mc, cam bien o lu lng, toc o dong chay hay cac cam bien bao ong, bao s co may bm v.vKhi o chng trnh se thc hien hoan chnh hn. Tuy nhien cung co the phat trien da theo chng trnh ma em a thc hien. Hng phat trien co the cho oi tng la cac nganh san xuat, che bien thc pham; nganh pha che hoa chat,

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hay cho cac he thong pha tron xang dau t ong, pha nht v.v

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