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Hng dn lm hng tu du
Trch nhim

Thuyn trng phi chu trch nhim tng th v an ton trn tu i ph hon ton chu trch nhim trc Thuyn trng v cng vic lm hng i ph, Ph hai, Ph ba chu trch nhim gim st cc cng vic nhn, tr, chuyn hng v v sinh kt (theo ca trc).

Chnh sch

Cng ty c nhim v lp ra cc quy trnh lm hng nhm t c mc an ton cao. Mi thuyn vin trn tu phi tun th tuyt i cc quy nh v an ton ca tu. i ng thuyn vin lun nhn thc rng an ton l trn ht (safety first).
Bm v h thng bm hng

Lacanh bung bm phi lun gi sch v kh ro. My trng chu trch nhim v v sinh bung bm. c bit phi ch n vic ngn nga hi xng, du v hydrocacbon qun ng trong bung bm. Tt c cc t-rt ca van, ct-xng ca bm hng, giong m bm phi c bo qun trong trng thi tt khi nhn hng qua cc ng ng ca bung bm hoc tng p trong cc ng ng ny nu c th. Khng tin hnh cc cng vic sa cha bm v cc van, ng c lin quan hoc h thng iu khin trong khi bm ang hot ng. Thng gi bung bm phi c tin hnh lin tc trong sut thi gian lm hng. Bung bm phi c thng thong v c kim tra s hin din ca hi xng, du trc khi c ngi vo trong. Thng gi phi c duy tr cho n khi khng cn cng vic g lin quan n bung bm na. c bit phi ch n sn di cng, ni thng hay c kh nng tch t hi xng du. Cc van ng ng thng gi bung bm phi hot ng c hiu qu cch ly h thng thng gi khi c s c xy ra. Chng phi c bo dng thng xuyn.
Vo bung bm

Khng ai c php vo bung bm khi khng c s cho php ca ca S quan Boong. i ph chu trch nhim m bo vic thng gi bung bm, khng kh trong phi an ton cho ngi vo v cc quy trnh thng tin lin lc cn thit c s dng v duy tr. Bin bo cm vo khi khng c php phi c treo ti li vo bung bm.
Tho m bm, van v cc thit b lin quan

Trc khi cng vic sa cha lin quan n tho m bm, van, ng ng hay thit b in c lin quan sa cha, phi tun th cc bc sau: Kim tra nng kh c hay cacbuahydro trong khng kh xung quanh khu vc . i ph phi m bo mi iu kin lm vic an ton ti ni lm vic. H thng lm hng phi c sc ra trc khi tho m. Cc on ng phi c sc ra trc khi m lm sch cn du. Cc b mt phi c lm sch trc khi tin hnh cng vic sa cha chng. Tun th cc quy trnh tin hnh cng vic ngui (cold work). Trc khi lm hng, My 3 phi tin hnh kim tra li lc, cc ct-xng v tr vn cht cc van x ca h thng lm hng trong bung bm, c bit l cc ct-xng trn bm hng phi c kim tra ng cht. Cc giong trn vch ngn phi c kim tra, iu chnh hoc tra du nu cn m bo kn kh gia bung bm v bung my. Trong khi lm hng phi tin hnh kim tra bung bm thng xuyn. Phi kim tra du hiu r r cc giong, nt x v van x, c bit l trn bm hng. Nu bm ang lm vic, phi kim tra cc giong, , vng bi ca bm v cc giong trn vch ngn khng b tng nhit. Nu pht hin r

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r hoc s tng nhit bt thng phi dng ngay bm. Khng c iu chnh cc giong trn trc ca bm khi bm ang chy. Cc thit b bo ng v ngt s c ca bm hng, thit b bo ng mc hng (nu c), phi kim tra hng thng m bo tnh trng lm vic bnh thng. Kt qu th phi c ghi li. Phi c bin php phng nga m bo rng on ng ng gia van cui cng v mt bch khng cha du di p sut trc khi tho mt bch. Phi c bin php phng nga s c r r. trnh tng p lc, cc van cui ca dng chy trong h thng ng ng khi bm phi c m, tr trng hp s c. Khi s dng bm chuyn ti, tt c cc van cu h thng chuyn ti (c trn tu v trn b), phi c m trc khi bt u bm, tuy nhin van x ca bm ly tm c th gi v tr ng cho n khi vng quay ca bm t n ga tr cn thit v sau m van t t. Nu chuyn bm hng vo hm khc th van vo hm hng sau phi c m trc khi van vo hm hng trc c ng li hoc tm thi ngng bm trong khi chuyn van. Bu lc: Tt c cc bu lc phi c thng xuyn tho ra v sinh v kim tra.
Thao tc ti cng du

Khi vo hoc ri cng trong trng thi c hng, iu quan trng l tnh ni ca tu phi c m bo k c khi s c nc vo tu do s c. Cc l o, cc kt nc mi, li, np tu-rom v l thng hi phi c ng cn thn, cc np hm hng, np tu-rom kt nhn nhin liu, khoang cch ly (cofferdam) v ca bung bm cng phi c ng.
Lai dt v cp mn

Trc khi tu lai cp mn gip lai dt, tt c cc np hm hng, hm balt v l ng o phi c ng kn, khng ph thuc vo loi du ang ch tr khi tt c cc khoang cha hng u thong kh. Tu lai v cc tu dch v khc khng c php cp mn trc khi Thuyn trng thy an ton cho vic lm .
An ton lao ng trong khi chng buc

Cc thao tc buc dy v ci dy k c dy lai l cc thao tc nguy him. iu quan trng l mi ngi tham gia phi hiu c iu v c nhng bin php phng nga trnh tai nn xy ra.
Thit b lai dt s c buc tu khi cp phao quay (SPM)

Khi tu cp phao quay vic thit lp v duy tr tt h thng lin lc gia mi tu v bung li l rt quan trng. Tu phi bit r loi dy buc tu v trng lng ca dy. Cu cng s thng bo di v kch thc dy mi. Khi s dng dy mi ko dy buc tu phi trnh cho tu li hoc o mi lm cng dy mi. Cc con ln ngang, con ln dc hng dy mi ti trng ti dy phi trn, trnh co xc dy mi. Thu th lm dy khng c ng nhng v tr c th b nguy him do t dy mi. Thit b lai dt s c cn c dng trong trng hp tu mt ch ng. Vic trin khai thit b s c tin hnh theo lnh ca ca thuyn trng. Cn phi c k hoch hun luyn v bo dng thit b. Tr cc cng du khng c tu lai, trong mi trng hp cc dy lai s c vi di thch hp phi c c cht vo cc ct bch trn boong li v mi tu, cn u kia ca chng phi th xung cch mt nc khong 1 mt i vi cc tu ang cp trong cu cng, cc dy ni trn phi c th ni m cc tu ko c th tip cn mt cch d dng, thng l pha ngoi mn. i vi cc tu ang neo ngoi phao, cc dy ny phi c th bn mn i din vi cc ng rng bm du. Dy phi di cc tu ko c th lm vic mt cch hiu qu, nn trng don dy gi ct bch v l x ma, ng thi buc n bng dy bn thng hay phng tin d cht khc.

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Tun th cc quy nh ca a phng

Cc cng du c nhng quy nh v an ton v chng nhim m thuyn vin trn tu phi tun th. Mi tu vo cng phi nm c cc quy nh v cc quy nh lin quan n an ton hng hi do chnh quyn cng s ti ban hnh.
Lin lc m bo an ton gia tu v cng du

Sau khi tu cp cu, i din ca cng du s lin lc vi i ph : Tho thun ni cho php ht thuc; Tha thun v cc hn ch trong vic s dng bp la v cc dng c nu bp; Trao i kin v cc quy trnh cho php lm vic v thc hin cng vic nng (hot work); Tha thun v cc phng tin yu cu cu tr t pha cng, cu ho, cu thng, cnh st v cc t chc cu h khc; Trao i thng tin v vic s dng cc trang thit b cp cu v cu ho c sn ti cu cng v trn tu; Tho lun nhng thao tc cn tin hnh trn tu v trn cu cng trong trng hp chy v cc s c khc; Tho lun v cc b tr s tn c trt t ca cu cng trong tnh hung khn cp, v d nh im tp trungv li i li gia tu v b.
iu chnh dy buc tu khi tu cp mn

S quan i ca chu trch nhim gim st thng xuyn dy buc tu v cng ca chng. Phi nhn bao qut h thng chng buc sao cho cng hay chng ca tng dy khng lm cho tu b dch chuyn hay to lc cng qu ti trn cc dy khc. Phi duy tr tip xc gia tu v cc m chng va v khng c ni lng dy nu tu khng tip xc vi cc m chng va ny. Vic s dng tu lai duy tr v tr c th phi cn nhc trong cc tnh hung sau: Tng ng k v tc gi hoc hng gi c bit l khi tu c mn kh ng k; Sng; Khong thi gian dng thu triu cc i; Gn lung qua li ca cc tu khc.
Chun b sn sng cc trang thit b cu ho

Ngay hoc trc khi vo cng nhn hay tr hng du, cc rng cu ho phi c ni vo h thng cu ho ca tu, mt pha trc v mt pha sau khu vc ct ni rng lm hng. Cc sng cu ho c nh phi c cha v khu vc ct ni rng lm hng v sn sng s dng. Cc bnh dp chy xch tay(tt nht l bnh bt ho hc) phi c t ti v tr thun li ni trn. Bm cu ho phi duy tr c p sut cn thit trong ng ng khi bm hng hoc ballt. Bm cu ho phi sn sng v hot ng ngay khi cn thit.
Sn sng t ri v tr

Khi tu ang cp cu cng du, ni hi, my chnh, my li v cc trang thit b quan trng khc cn thit cho vic ma n tu phi c t trong tnh trng cho php tu ri cu cng trong thi gian ngn nht. Khng c tin hnh sa cha hay cc cng vic khc i hi s c nh ti ch ca tu khi cha c s tho thun trc vi ngi ph trch cu cng. Trc khi tin hnh sa cha c th cng phi xin php chnh quyn cng a phng. Phi m bo nhng iu kin c th trc khi nhn c giy php.
Thng tin lin lc

Tt c in thoi, my VHF/UHF cm tay v h thng v tuyn in i phi tho mn cc yu cu v an ton tng ng. Cu cng c trch nhim cung cp cc phng tin thng tin lin lc ph hp gia tu v cu cng, k c thit b h tr.

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Thuyn trng c trch nhim thit lp mt h thng thng tin lin lc hu hiu nhm m bo vic kim st an ton cc hot ng mt cch lin tc. S quan ph trch phi th h thng trc khi tin hnh lm hng. H thng d phng cng phi c thit lp v tho thun. Phi cho php c mt khong thi gian nht nh tin hnh nhng hnh ng tr li cc tn hiu. Thuyn vin trc ca v nhn vin ph trch ca lm hng trn cu cng phi nm c tn v thng s ca tng loi hng khi bm rt cc sn phm khc nhau hoc cc loi hng khc nhau.
Phng tin i li gia tu v b

Mi ngi ch s dng phng tin dnh ring cho vic i li gia tu v b. Cu thang hay cc phng tin i li khc phi c trang b li bo him, phao cu sinh c dy phi c treo gn cu thang hay phng tin i li khc.
Nhng ngi khng nhim v

Phi lun c ngi trc gn cu thang khi tu ang cp trong cu cng. Nhng ngi khng phn s v khng c php ca Thuyn trng th khng c cho ln tu. Trong tho thun vi Thuyn trng, cu cng c trch nhim ngn cm ngi khng phn s i vo khu vc cu. Thuyn trng phi cung cp danh sch thuyn vin cho bo v trn cu cng.
Ngi ht thuc

Ngi trc trn tu phi m bo rng khng c ngi no ht thuc c vo gn khu vc cu cng hay xung tu.
Cc bin bo trn tu

Khi cp cu, tu phi treo cc bin bo ti cu thang bng ting Anh v ting Vit sau y: Cnh bo (WARNING) Khng t la (NO NAKED LIGHTS) Khng ht thuc (NO SMOKING) Khng phn s min vo (NO UNAUTHORISED PERSONS) Bin bo li thot him (EMERGENCY ESCAPE ROUTES) vi du mi tn phi c treo nhng ch cn thit.
Kim sot ht thuc

Ch cho php ht thuc trong iu kin c th kim sot c. Vic cm tuyt i ht thuc trn cu cng v trn tu khi ang trong cu nhn chung l khng thc t v khng th p buc c v c th lm tng hin tng ht thuc ln lt. Tuy nhin cng c trng hp phi cm tuyt i vic ht thuc do bn cht nguy him ca loi hng ang chuyn ti v cc yu t khc. Trong trng hp , s quan chu trch nhim phi lin tc tin hnh kim tra m bo rng lnh cm ny c tun th trit .
S dng bp nu

Trc khi cho php s dng cc bp nu khi tu du ang trong cu cng, Thuyn trng v ngi ph trch cu phi tin chc rng khng c mi nguy him no tn ti sau khi xem xt v t t bp, kin trc v vic thng gi ni un nu. c bit ch n vn ny khi s dng cc ng ni rng ng sau li chuyn ti.
Thit b Radio

S dng thit b radio ca tu trong khi bm hng hay balt l rt nguy him v khng c php. iu ny khng p dng i vi vic s dng cc thit b VHF v UHF c nh hay cm tay nhng c lp t chnh xc, min l cc thit b ny v bn cht l an ton.
S dng cc dng c

Khng c p ba, g r, phun ct. Khng s dng cc dng c in ngoi khoang ni hi, bung my, khu vc bung sinh hot trn tu, hoc trn cu cng m tu ang cp nu khng c s cho php ca ngi ph trch cu cng v S quan c trch nhim.

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Danh mc an ton tu/b - ship/shore safety check list

Danh mc kim tra an ton tu/b (Ship/Shore safety check list) ca tu phi c in y trc khi lm hng. Ngoi ra danh mc kim tra an ton tu/b ca cu cng cng phi c hon thin trc khi lm hng. Danh mc kim tra an ton tu/b l v mc ch an ton ca tu, cu cng v con ngi lm vic trn nn phi c i ph v ngi ph trch cu cng hon thin. Mi hng mc phi c kim tra trc khi nh du. N bao gm vic th st ca hai ngi c lin quan v c tin hnh kt hp mt cch hp l. S v ngha nu coi y ch l nhng th tc mang tnh giy t. Thuyn trng phi m bm rng tu tho mn danh mc trc khi th st cng vi ngi ph trch cu cng v ghi vo nht k.
Cc ca, hp l v ca s

Mi ca ln thng ra ngoi, ca hp l v ca s cc bung phi c ng. Mi ca thng ra ngoi, ca hp l v cc ca tng t trong khu vc pha sau ca bin, (dn trc tip t boong hm hng vo khu vc hay bung my (tr bung bm) hay nhn ra boong hm hng t bt k cao no cng nh boong thng tng pha trc ng khi) phi c ng. Nu ca buc phi m i li th phi c ng ngay sau khi ra hoc vo. Cc ca bt buc phi ng phi c nh du nhng khng c kho.
iu ho v thng gi trung tm

Ca ht ca h thng iu ho trung tm hoc h thng thng gi phi c iu chnh ngn hi xng, du lt vo, nu c th bng cch tun hon khng kh trong ni b khu vc ca bin. Nu nghi ng rng hi xng du thm nhp vo khu vc bung , phi dng ngay h thng iu ho trung tm v thng gi ng thi ng cc ca ht ca h thng ny li.
o nng cc khoang trng gn khu vc hm hng

Cc khoang trng v ba lt nm gia cc hm hng theo thng l s c o kim tra s r r t cc hm hng bn cnh. Cng vic o s bao gm kim tra nng kh chy v o su kim tra hoc o khong trng. Tun theo hng dn p dng cho tu du mt v hay tu hai v, quy trnh o. Nu pht hin c r r th tm cch gii quyt (tham kho phn Double hull operations). Quy trnh o i vi khong trng v ba lt: o u n trong sut hnh trnh khi tu y hng. o trc khi dn ba lt v khi thi tit xu. Sau khi xy ra s khng bnh thng nh nghing bt ng, nhng vn bt thng khc.
o hng, ly mu v ra hm hng

o hng, ly mu v ra hm hng l cc thao tc d gy chy n v nguy hi n sc kho con ngi do hi c v d bt la. Phi quan tm c bit n vic trnh tip xc vi cc hi c ny.
o hng v ly mu

trnh tnh in th thc o v ng ly mu phi lm t vt liu khng dn in. t nht 30 pht sau khi kt thc xung hng th cc thc o cm tay bng kim loi hoc cc thit b o m dn in khc c th c s dng. Khi o hng v ly mu phi ng vung gc gi khng ht phi hi xng du. Trong qu trnh lm hng, cc ca xem v l o phi c ng kn tr khi cn thit phi m ra v l do khai thc. Li chn ra lun phi sch v trong tnh trng tt v c lp kht. Li ny ch c tho ra trong thi gian ngn nht v phi lp vo ngay.
Np hm hng

Cc np phi c ng v vt cht trong sut thi gian lm hng. Cc np phi c nh s r rng.

Ra hm hng

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Vic ra hm hng phi c tin hnh theo cc hng dn.

Chuyn ti t tu sang tu

Vic chuyn ti du phi c tin hnh theo Hng dn chuyn ti du gia hai tu. C hai tu phi s dng Danh mc kim tra chuyn ti gia hai tu. Cng vic chuyn ti du phi c thc hin theo yu cu ca tu nhn. Thuyn trng phi chu trch nhim v an ton ca tu mnh cng nh cc trang thit b v hng ho, khng c s an ton b tn hi bi cc hnh ng ca Thuyn trng tu kia, ca ch tu, ca thanh tra v c nhn khc.
Chuyn du t tu ln b hoc gia cc hm hng trn tu

Xem cc quy trnh lin quan trong s tay Quy trnh chuyn ti tu du.
S dng kh tr

Kh hydrocacbon khng th bt la trong khng kh c lng xy thp hn 11%. Do vy cc khoang cha hng c np kh tr c lng xy di 8% s trnh c chy n. Ch tu coi vic khai thc an ton c tm quan trng nht, do vy cc khoang cha hng v kt cha du thi lun c lm tr mc thch hp, tr khi phi tin hnh lm thong kh (gas free) vo hoc ln sa cha. Thuyn trng chu trch nhim ton b v vic khai thc an ton v ng quy cch h thng kh tr, m bo c b phn Boong v My phi thc hin cc quy trnh theo ng quy nh. My trng chu trch nhim v vn hnh v bo dng my mc thuc h thng kh tr. My trng s ch nh mt s quan di quyn tr gip v vic ny (My nht, in trng). i ph chu trch nhim vic s dng kh tr v kim sot nng v p sut kh trong hm hng, k c vic ng m cc van trn boong. Cn phi c s phi hp chung cht ch trong khu ny.
S tay s dng h thng kh tr

Trc khi vn hnh, bo dng, phi tham kho S tay h thng kh tr cho tng tu ring bit bit chi tit v quy trnh vn hnh v bo dng h thng. Cc kt hng phi c lm tr trc khi ly hng v m bo nng xy khng vt qu 8%.
Ly hng

Trong khi ly hng th phi kho tt c cc van chn h thng kh tr vo hm hng v h thng sinh kh tr phi ngng lm vic. Ngay sau khi kt thc ly hng phi ng ngay cc van gim p trn h thng duy tr mt p sut dng (possitive) nh trong cc hm hng.
ang hnh trnh

iu quan trng l cn phi lun duy tr mt p sut dng nh trong cc hm hng trnh khng kh c th r r qua cc van P/V. Nu cn th phi cho vn hnh cc my sinh kh tr trong tng khong thi gian ngn lun duy tr c p sut dng trong cc hm hng.
Bm tr hng

Phi cho my sinh kh tr chy trc khi bt u bm hng v duy tr lin tc trong sut thi gian bm tr hng. Qut gi chnh phi c sn lng ln hn 10-25% so sn lng bm hng m bo duy tr c p sut dng trong cc hm hng.
Vn hnh h thng kh tr

Mc ch ca h thng kh tr l lm gim mc xy trong khoang hng bng cch a kh tr vo. Kh tr c dng l kh x t l t c lm mt, lm sch trc khi cp vo khoang hng. My trng chu trch nhim vn hnh h thng kh tr. My trng c th ch nh s quan cp di tr gip cng vic ny. i ph phi lin h cht ch vi My trng trong vic s dng v bo dng h thng IG.
Cc ch dn chung trong khai thc h thng

Nng xy trong kh tr (khi) khng bao gi c vt qu 5% v chung bo ng t 8%.

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Cc qut gi kh tr c thit k c Q > 110-125% so vi Q ton b bm hng.

Thit b kim sot h thng kh tr:

1. 2. 3.

Trn bung li (Bng ch bo) ng h p sut thp Bo h hng ca h thng Ch bo thit b kh tr ang hot ng Bung iu khin bm hng (Bng iu khin v s vng chy) Bo p sut kh I.G thp, Bo p sut kh I.G rt thp Nng kh O2 cao Bo li ngun, Bo h hng ca h thng I.G, Bo ang ty kh Nt dng khn cp Thit b kh tr ang hot ng, Bo kh nng lm vic ca I.G Bo p sut cao ca I.G Bo p sut qu cao ca I.G Bo nhit cao ca IG ng dn ra Ch bo li bung t Bo mc nc thp (Deck water seal) Bo p sut gi iu khin thp. Bung iu khin my Bo khi ng h thng I.G b li Li bung t Nhit cao nc lm mt v thp lc Li do cp nhin liu Bo p sut gi iu khin thp Ngun in cung cp s c ng h ch bo nhit kh I.G ng h ch bo p sut kh I.G ng h ch bo nng O2 trong kh I.G

Kim sot an ton kh tr

Bng iu khin kh tr lin tc cung cp thng tin v p sut kh trong h thng cng vi cc chung bo ng p sut cao, thp. Cc chung bo ng phi lun tnh trng lm vic tt. Van nc mt chiu trn boong l thit b an ton cui cng chn gia h thng cng ngh v bung my, do vy mc nc lun phi c gi theo ng mc quy nh v cc van x mn phi lun m.
Van t v chn khng/p sut (pressure,vacuum breaker)

Thit b ny c lp t ph thm vi van P/V, n c ni vi ng ng chnh v c t hot ng mc 1800mmWG p sut hoc 700mmWG ca chn khng. Chc nng ca van t v l d phng cho van P/V. Trong trng hp p lc tng cao m van thot hi khng lm vic th van ny t v kh thot ra ngoi. Thit b ny phi c cht lng ti mc quy nh v c kim tra bng thc ch bo. i ph chu trch nhim cht lng, cht chng ng vo van. Thao tc ny phi c thc hin ti p sut kh quyn thng thng.

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Ch dn thng trc khai thc h thng kh tr-trch nhim ca My trng

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Kim tra van t v chn khng/p sut iu kin bnh thng. Kim tra mc nc v ng h o lu lng bo t l chy mt cch chnh xc. Kim tra ng ng dn du bit c tnh trng sn sng hot ng. ng van x nc ng ng dn kh tr. Bt bm nc mn lm mt, kim tra p sut van x nc ng ng dn kh tr mc 3.0K Kim tra ng h lu lng van x nc ng ng dn kh tr. 6. M van x v hi nhin liu (du DO). 7. Duy tr khng kh ti h thng v kim tra p sut khng kh ti b iu chnh mc 2.4K. 8. Kim tra qut bung t, m van x qut ca bung t c ch nh lm vic. 9. Kim tra my phn tch hm lng xy bo m lng xy mc chun. 10. Thng bo cho s quan c trch nhim chun b tt c cc van ca ng ng chnh trn boong. 11. Chuyn cng tc ch v v tr INERT.
Khi ng h thng kh tr-trch nhim ca My trng

Bt cng tc cu ho cho ch LOWFIRE. 1. Nhn nt STOP thit lp li cc chung bo iu kin bt thng trc (Control room); 2. Nhn nt START, qut gi bung t, sng phun nhin liu t khi ng ng thi. Cc cc quay ca van phun nhin liu s chy sau khong 50 giy. p lc du trong bung t khong 2.7K; 3. Cnh bo: khi khi ng bng thit b thi kh lm mt th bung t ch LOWFIRE khi vi phun c lm m dn ln trnh ng sut; 4. Khi m h thng INERT sn sng th n bo sng ln, lng xy < 8%. Bt cng tc cu ho chn ch AUTO; 5. Ti mt bung iu khin lm hng: t cng tc van iu khin ch AUTO. H thng kh tr by gi bo m cung cp kh ti ng ng chnh trn boong. 6. Kim tra cc thit b ch hot ng tt trc khi ri khi h thng kh tr khng c trc.
Dng np kh tr

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

t cng tc cu ho chn ch LOWFIRE. Ti bng iu khin lm hng, t van iu chnh ch VENT. Nhn nt STOP v dng h thng t chuyn sang h thng ty kh c lp trnh sn. ng van x v hi nhin liu, iu chnh van kh. Nc lm mt phi hot ng t nht trong vng 2 gi ng h sau khi tt. M van x ng ng nc dn kh tr sau khi tt bm lm mt bng nc.

Lm thong kh

Nu cn phi lm thong kh mt hm hng no th trc ht phi lm tr tc l gim nng kh hydrocacbon xung di 1,5% th tch kh trong hm hng, sau tin hnh o kim tra li bng dng c thch hp. Mc ch ca cng on ny nhm gim lng kh hydrocacbon xung di mc nguy him. Cc hm c lm thong kh phi c cch ly vi h thng kh tr. A. Cc bc chun b 1. Kim tra van t v chn khng/p sut. 2. Kim tra mc nc thp iu kin bnh thng v ng h lu lng bo t l chy chnh xc. 3. Bt bm nc mn lm mt khong 5 pht cho n khi y ng ng th dng bm. 4. Kim tra qut bung t iu kin bnh thng. M van qut bung t c chn trong iu kin hot ng. 5. Kim tra van iu chnh khng kh dn n h thng v p sut khng kh mc my bo 2.4K 6. Thng bo cho S quan c trch nhim chun b cc van trn boong dn ti cc kt c ty kh. B. Cc bc lm thong kh 1. Bt cng tc chn ch v GASFREE- Qut gi bt u hot ng

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2. Ti bng iu khin lm hng: t cng tc van iu khin v ch AUTO, khng kh bt u c cung cp vo ng ng trn mt boong chnh. C. Dng lm thong kh 1. ng van iu chnh khng kh v v tr INERT, qut gi s dng hot ng. 2. ng tt c cc van cn thit. 3. Ngt cc tn hiu bo ng hoc ci nu c.
Hng hc ca h thng

Trng hp h thng khng bo m c p sut dng hoc khng duy tr c cht lng kh tr theo yu cu th phi tin hnh ngay bin php ngn nga khng kh bn ngoi lt vo. Dng mi hot ng lm hng, x balt, ng tt c cc van thng hi, l o hng v l ra hm. M cc van iu chnh p sut kh thot gia van cch ly boong vi p sut kh quyn. Trng hp h thng kh tr trn tu ch du sn phm b hng hon ton b th c th tip tc lm hng, x balt nu c php ca pha cng, v phi kim tra: 1. Mi hm hng phi c mn chn la v ng thng hi ang tnh trng hot ng tt. 2. Cc van trong ng thng hi u m. 3. Khng c nc hay nc bn xm nhp vo. 4. Khng c a cc b phn ly mu, o hng cng nh nhng thit b khc vo hm hng tr khi cn thit v mc ch an ton, v ch c thc hin sau 30 pht k t khi h thng kh tr ngng hot ng. Tt c cc phn kim loi ca thit b cn phi a vo hm hng phi c tip t. Nhng chi tit kim loi ny ch c a vo hm hng sau t nht 5 gi k t khi ngng cp kh tr. Bt c trng hp hng hc no ca h thng kh tr u phi bo co ngay v Cng ty.
Nguy c i vi sc kho ca kh tr

Thuyn trng chu trch nhim m bo an ton cho sc kho ca ton b thuyn vin trc nguy c ca kh tr. i ph c ch nh tr gip Thuyn trng vic ny.
Thiu xy

lu trong mi trng khng kh thiu xy s b ngt m khng c nhng triu chng c th nhn bit c, do vy nn nhn s khng th bit trc c v s b tn thng no, nguy c t vong s ti sau vi pht. Do vy cn phi thng thong cc hm hng tht k, m bo lun t c nng xy l 21% trc khi cho php ngi vo hm.
c hi ca kh hydrocacbon

Lun c th c cc hc cha kh hydrocacbon cn li trong hm cha, k c sau khi np kh tr. Nng kh hydrocacbon d nh u gy hi cho c th. Phi thng thong hm cha lin tc cho ti khi mi v tr u th hin nng kh hydrocacbon mc 0 v nng xy lun t mc 21%.
c hi ca mt s kh

Ch c th xc nh c cc kh c nh H2S, cacbonmonoxide, nitrogen bng thit b o.

Hin tng tnh in

Trong qu trnh vn chuyn cc sn phm du m lun tn ti nguy c chy n do hin tng tnh in v phng in tnh trong cc hm hng. Hin tng tnh in bao gm 3 giai on c bn: phn cc, tch in v phng in.
Cc nguyn nhn dn ti hin tng tnh in

Khi nhn hng Cc sn phm du m thng c dn in nh hn 50 picoSiemen/m v c xp vo nhm cht c tnh tnh in. Trong khi c bm vo cc kt, du m lun tn ti nguy c tch in cao.

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Cc thit b trong kt Cc thit b c nh trong kt nh l h thng ra hm hoc thit b bo mc du cao thng tch in tri du vi b mt cht lng trong kt v c th gy nn hin tng tnh in. Ly mu, o c du Khi a cc thit b o c, ly mu vo kt lun c nguy c phng in do s tch in tri du gia thit b v b mt cht lng. Cc nguyn nhn khc Sng du, sng hi nc to nn trong qu trnh nhn hng, bm balt hoc ra hm u gy nn hin tng tch tnh in trong cc kt. Mt s thnh phn nh ht bi, mui cng trong kh tr cng c kh nng sinh tch in. Con ngi v tnh cng tr thnh vt tch in vi mt t t cc trang b bo h.
Cc bin php ngn nga

Trong giai on u ca qu trnh nhn hng phi hn ch tc bm hng khng ch s hnh thnh in t trng tnh trong kt. Cc dng c a vo trong kt phi c lm bng vt liu khng dn in hoc lun c tip mt. Khi tin hnh ra hm phi tip mt tt c cc dng c c tnh dn in. Trong qu trnh ty kh phi m bo cht lng khng cn trong kt. Trong qu trnh lm hng ti cc cng cng nh khi chuyn ti gia cc tu, phi m mt mt bch cch in ti cc khp ni. Vic lm ny ngn nga s truyn in t h thng ng ng trn b xung tu cng nh gia cc tu vi nhau. Bin php ngn nga hin tng tch in tnh hiu qu nht l tip mt tt c cc vt kim loi trn tu vi nhau v ni chng vi v tu. Bng cch ny, cc vt kim loi ng nhin c tip mt thng qua nc bin.
Quy nh chung

Chng loi v cht lng ca hng phi c nu r trong lc khai hng ho v vn ti hn. Trong khi m bo an ton cho thao tc lm hng l trch nhim ca c hai pha tu v cu cng th i ph cn chu trch nhim bo m rng chng loi hng v cht lng hng c bm xung tu ph hp vi nhng g nu trong vn ti n hay bn lc khai hnh ho.
Quy trnh

Nu tu xung hng qua bung bm th cc bm trong bung bm phi c cch ly bng cch ng cc van trn ng ht ca bm v c cc van ngoi boong trn ng ng x t bm. Cc vlng ca cc van iu khin bng tay m cn phi ng trong lc lm hng phi c a v v tr ng (closed) v c buc cht bng dy. i ph v s quan trc qua phi thng xuyn kim tra xc nhn rng hng c bm vo hay rt ra t ng hm hng cn thit v du khng lt vo bung bm, khoang cch ly, hoc r xung bin thng qua cc van tr hng.
Nhng ghi chp khi lm hng

i ph phi m bo rng cc thng s trong lc lm hng sau y c ghi li: a im lm hng; Lu lng bm rt; p sut, nhit v thi gian lm hng; Hng xung qua ng ng trc tip hay qua bung bm; Thi gian ni rng, bt u bm, ngng bm, iu chnh lu lng v tho rng; S c hay hng hc ca cc bm hng trn tu; S c hay hng hc ca cc bm hng trn b. Sau khi hon tt cng vic xung hng, phi tin hnh o c mt cch chnh xc khi lng v cht lng hng nhn c v lm nhng php so snh cn thit. Khi lng c xc nh qua vic o hm hng v so snh vi cc con s ghi trn Vn ti n hay Lc khai hng ho. Bt k mt sai s no u phi c bo co.

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