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Mn hc: Lp v phn tch d n u t xy dng giao thng

Chng 2. D n u t xy dng cng trnh

1. Khi nim - vai tr - yu cu i vi d n u t ______________________________ 18

1.1. Khi nim ________________________________________________________________ 18 1.2. Vai tr ca d n u t. ____________________________________________________ 20 1.3. Yu cu i vi d n u t. ________________________________________________ 20

2. Cc giai on lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh ____________________________ 21

2.1. Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh ___________________________________________ 21
2.1.1. Ni dung Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh_________________________________________ 21 2.1.2. c im ca vic lp Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh_______________________________ 23 2.1.3. c im ca Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh giao thng ____________________________ 23

2.2. Lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh _________________________________________ 25

2.2.1. Ni dung ca d n u t xy dng cng trnh _______________________________________ 25 2.2.2. c im ca vic lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh_________________________________ 27 2.2.3. c im ca d n u t xy dng cng trnh giao thng ______________________________ 27

2.4. Bo co kinh t - k thut xy dng cng trnh__________________________________ 33

2.4.1. Ni dung ca Bo co kinh t - k thut xy dng cng trnh _____________________________ 33 2.4.2. H s Bo co kinh t - k thut xy dng cng trnh ___________________________________ 33

3. Trnh t lp d n u t __________________________________________________ 33
3.1. C ch nhim d n ________________________________________________________ 34 3.2. Lp nhm son tho ________________________________________________________ 34 3.3. Chun b cc cng ______________________________________________________ 34 3.4. Trin khai son tho d n u t ____________________________________________ 35

Cu hi n tp _____________________________________________________________ 37

1. Khi nim - vai tr - yu cu i vi d n u t 1.1. Khi nim S cn thit phi u t theo d n: Hot ng u t l hot ng b vn vo mt lnh vc sn xut, kinh doanh hay dch v nhm thu c li nhun. Cc hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh v dch v ny chu s tc ng ca nhiu yu t t mi trng bn ngoi: mi trng chnh tr, kinh t - x hi... hay cn c gi l "mi trng u t". Mt khc, cc hot ng u t l cc hot ng cho tng lai, do n cha ng bn trong rt nhiu yu t bt nh. chnh l cc yu t lm cho d n c kh nng tht bi, lm xut hin cc yu t ri ro, khng chc chn v ng thi n cng l nguyn nhn lm cho cc nh u t c vn la chn hnh thc u t gin tip thng qua cc c quan kinh doanh tin t, mc d h bit li sut thu c t hnh thc u t gin tip thp hn so vi hnh thc u t trc tip. Bi Ngc Ton B/m D n v Qun l d n

Chng 2. D n u t xy dng cng trnh

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V vy, trong hot ng u t vic phn tch v nh gi y trn nhiu kha cnh khc nhau l vic lm ht sc quan trng. Vic phn tch phi c thc hin mt cch y , thu nhn cc thng tin v hot ng kinh t s c tin hnh u t, k c thng tin qu kh, thng tin hin ti v cc d kin cho tng lai. S thnh cng hay tht bi ca mt d n u t c quyt nh t vic phn tch c chnh xc hay khng. Thc cht ca vic phn tch ny chnh l lp d n u t. C th ni, d n u t c son tho tt l c s vng chc cho vic thc hin cc cng cuc u t t hiu qu kinh t x hi mong mun. Hu ht cc nc trn th gii u tin hnh hot ng u t di hnh thc cc d n u t. Khi nim d n u t xy dng cng trnh (theo Lut xy dng): D n u t xy dng cng trnh l tp hp cc xut c lin quan n vic b vn xy dng mi, m rng hoc ci to nhng cng trnh xy dng nhm mc ch pht trin, duy tr, nng cao cht lng cng trnh hoc sn phm, dch v trong mt thi hn nht nh. Theo mt quan im khc th d n u t l tng th cc gii php nhm s dng cc ngun ti nguyn hu hn sn c to ra nhng li ch thit thc cho nh u t v cho x hi. D n u t c th c xem xt di nhiu gc khc nhau: - Xt trn tng th chung ca qu trnh u t: d n u t c th c hiu nh l k hoch chi tit trin khai cc hot ng u t nhm t c mc tiu ra trong mt khong thi gian nht nh, hay l mt cng trnh c th thc hin cc hot ng u t. - Xt v mt hnh thc: d n u t l mt tp h s ti liu trnh by mt cch chi tit v c h thng cc hot ng v chi ph theo mt k hoch t c nhng kt qu v thc hin nhng mc tiu nht nh trong tng lai. - Xt trn gc qun l: d n u t l mt cng c hoch nh vic s dng vn, vt t, lao ng nhm to ra nhng sn phm mi cho x hi. - Xt trn gc k hoch ho: d n u t l k hoch chi tit thc hin chng trnh u t xy dng nhm pht trin kinh t x hi lm cn c cho vic ra quyt nh u t v s dng vn u t. - Xt trn gc phn cng lao ng x hi: d n u t th hin s phn cng, b tr lc lng lao ng x hi nhm gii quyt mi quan h gia cc ch th kinh t khc nhau vi x hi trn c s khai thc cc yu t t nhin. - Xt v mt ni dung: d n u t l mt tp hp cc hot ng c th, c mi lin h bin chng, nhn qu vi nhau t c mc ch nht nh trong tng lai. D n u t l cng c tin hnh cc hot ng u t, do bn trong n cha cc yu t c bn ca hot ng u t. Trc ht, d n u t phi th hin r mc tiu u t l g, c th l mc tiu di hn, trung hn hay ngn hn hoc l mc tiu chin lc hay l mc tiu trc mt. Mc tiu trc mt c biu hin thng qua cc ch tiu kinh t c th nh nng lc sn xut, quy m sn xut hay hiu qu kinh t. Cn mc tiu lu di c th l cc li ch kinh t cho x hi m d n u t phi mang li. Hai l, ngun lc v cch thc t c mc tiu. N bao gm c cc iu kin v bin php vt cht thc hin nh vn, nhn lc, cng ngh...

Bi Ngc Ton

B/m D n v Qun l d n

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Mn hc: Lp v phn tch d n u t xy dng giao thng

Ba l, vi khong thi gian bao lu th cc mc tiu c th t c v cui cng l ai c th thc hin hot ng u t ny v kt qu ca d n. Vy cc c trng ch yu ca d n u t l: - Xc nh c mc tiu, mc ch c th. - Xc nh c hnh thc t chc thc hin. - Xc nh c ngun ti chnh tin hnh hot ng u t. - Xc nh c khong thi gian thc hin mc tiu d n. 1.2. Vai tr ca d n u t. D n u t c vai tr quan trng sau: - L phng din tm i tc trong v ngoi nc lin doanh b vn u t. - L phng tin thuyt phc cc t chc ti chnh tin t trong v ngoi nc ti tr cho vay vn. - L c s xy dng k hoch thc hin u t, theo di n c qu trnh thc hin v kim tra qu trnh thc hin d n. - L vn kin c bn cc c quan qun l Nh nc xem xt, ph duyt, cp giy php u t. - L cn c quan trng nht theo di nh gi v iu chnh kp thi nhng tn ng v vng mc trong qu trnh thc hin v khai thc cng trnh. - Bo co nghin cu kh thi c tc dng tch cc gii quyt nhng vn ny sinh trong quan h gia cc bn c lin quan n thc hin d n. - Bo co nghin cu kh thi l cn c quan trng xem xt, x l hi ho mi quan h v quyn v ngha v ca cc bn tham gia lin doanh, gia lin doanh v Nh nc Vit nam. V y cng l c s php l xt s khi c tranh chp gia cc bn tham gia lin doanh. - Bo co nghin cu kh thi cn l cn c quan trng xy dng hp ng lin doanh, son tho iu lut ca doanh nghip lin doanh. Vi nhng vai tr quan trng nh vy khng th coi vic xy dng mt d n u t l vic chiu l i tm i tc, xin cp vn, vay vn, xin giy php m phi coi y l mt cng vic nghin cu bi n xc nh r rng quyn li, ngha v ca chnh bn thn n v lp d n trc Nh nc v nhn dn. 1.3. Yu cu i vi d n u t. Mt d n u t m bo tnh kh thi cn p ng c cc yu cu sau: - Tnh khoa hc v h thng: i hi nhng ngi son tho d n phi c mt qu trnh nghin cu tht t m v k cng, tnh ton cn thn chnh xc tng ni dung c th ca d n. c bit c nhng ni dung rt phc tp nh phn tch ti chnh, phn tch k thut... ng thi rt cn s t vn ca cc c quan chuyn mn v dch v u t gip . - Tnh php l: Cc d n u t cn c c s php l vng chc tc l phi ph hp vi chnh sch v php lut ca Nh nc. Do , trong qu trnh son tho d n phi nghin cu

Bi Ngc Ton

B/m D n v Qun l d n

Chng 2. D n u t xy dng cng trnh

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k ch trng ng li chnh sch ca Nh nc v cc vn bn quy ch lin quan n hot ng u t. - Tnh ng nht: m bo tnh thng nht ca cc d n u t th cc d n u t phi tun th cc quy nh chung ca cc c quan chc nng v hot ng u t k c cc quy nh v th tc u t. i vi cc d n quc t cn phi tun th nhng quy nh chung mang tnh quc t. - Tnh hin thc (tnh thc tin): m bo tnh thc tin cc d n phi c nghin cu v xc nh trn c s phn tch, nh gi ng mc cc iu kin, hon cnh c th c lin quan trc tip hay gin tip ti hot ng u t. Vic chun b k cng c khoa hc s gip thc hin d n c hiu qu cao nht v gim ti mc ti thiu cc ri ro c th xy ra trong qu trnh u t.

2. Cc giai on lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh Qu trnh hnh thnh v thc hin mt d n u t c tri qua 3 giai on (hnh 1.1). Lp d n u t ch l mt phn vic ca qu trnh chun b u t. Qu trnh ny bao gm cc ni dung: lp Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh v xin php u t, hoc/v lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh hoc lp Bo co kinh t - k thut xy dng cng trnh (hnh 2.1). Cc d n quan trng quc gia phi lp Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh trnh Quc hi thng qua ch trng v cho php u t; cc d n nhm A khng phn bit ngun vn phi lp Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh trnh Th tng Chnh ph cho php u t. Khi u t xy dng cng trnh, ch u t phi t chc lp d n lm r v s cn thit phi u t v hiu qu u t xy dng cng trnh, tr nhng trng hp cng trnh ch yu cu lp Bo co kinh t - k thut xy dng cng trnh v cc cng trnh xy dng l nh ring l ca dn. Ch u t khng phi lp d n m ch lp Bo co kinh t - k thut xy dng cng trnh trnh ngi quyt nh u t ph duyt i vi cc trng hp sau: Cng trnh xy dng cho mc ch tn gio; Cng trnh ci to, sa cha, nng cp, xy dng mi tr s c quan c tng mc u t di 3 t ng; Cc d n h tng x hi c tng mc u t di 7 t ng s dng vn ngn sch khng nhm mc ch kinh doanh, ph hp vi quy hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi, quy hoch xy dng v c ch trng u t hoc c b tr trong k hoch u t hng nm.

2.1. Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh 2.1.1. Ni dung Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh Ni dung Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh bao gm: a) S cn thit phi u t xy dng cng trnh, cc iu kin thun li v kh khn; ch khai thc v s dng ti nguyn quc gia nu c;

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B/m D n v Qun l d n

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Mn hc: Lp v phn tch d n u t xy dng giao thng

K hoch, quy hoch xy dng ca Nh nc Kho st - thit k Thm nh - ph duyt

Ch u t (bn A)

Nghin cu lp Bo co u t XDCT

Bo co u t XDCT

Giy php u t XDCT

Kho st, v lp thit k c s

D n u t XDCT

Quyt nh u t

Kho st v lp TK - KT

TK - KT c duyt

Kho st v lp TK - BV - TC

TK - BV - TC c duyt

Kho st v lp TK -KT - TC

TK -KT - TC c duyt

Kho st, v lp TK - BV - TC

Bo co kinh t - k thut u t XDCT

Quyt nh u t

ch ng i bt buc ch ng i c th (trng hp ny hoc trng hp kia)

Hnh 2.1. Cc giai on lp d n

Bi Ngc Ton

B/m D n v Qun l d n

Chng 2. D n u t xy dng cng trnh

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b) D kin quy m u t: cng sut, din tch xy dng; cc hng mc cng trnh bao gm cng trnh chnh, cng trnh ph v cc cng trnh khc; d kin v a im xy dng cng trnh v nhu cu s dng t; c) Phn tch, la chn s b v cng ngh, k thut; cc iu kin cung cp vt t thit b, nguyn liu, nng lng, dch v, h tng k thut; phng n gii phng mt bng, ti nh c nu c; cc nh hng ca d n i vi mi trng, sinh thi, phng chng chy n, an ninh, quc phng; d) Hnh thc u t, xc nh s b tng mc u t, thi hn thc hin d n, phng n huy ng vn theo tin v hiu qu kinh t - x hi ca d n v phn k u t nu c. 2.1.2. c im ca vic lp Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh S dng thng tin v cng ngh, gi c... mc th, chnh xc khng cao. Khng i su vo cc ni dung k thut, ti chnh. Trong qu trnh phn tch ti chnh khng xt tng nm m ch nghin cu mt nm bnh thng lm i din. Phn tch mang bn cht tnh. L bc i tt yu trc khi chuyn sang NCKT v ch khi c chp nhn mi bc sang NCKT.

2.1.3. c im ca Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh giao thng 2.1.3.1. Mc ch, nhim v, phng php thc hin Nhim v ca giai on lp Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh l thu thp cc ti liu v kinh t (iu tra kinh t), v cc iu kin t nhin (a hnh, a cht, thu vn, vt liu xy dng...), v v mi trng ca khu vc d kin cho cng trnh giao thng. Mc ch l nghin cu, tnh ton, s b nh gi v: - s cn thit phi u t xy dng (hoc ci to, nng cp) cng trnh giao thng; - cc thun li, kh khn c th gp; - s b xc nh v tr tuyn, quy m cng trnh; - c ton tng mc u t, tm kim ngun vn; - s b nh gi hiu qu u t v mt kinh t - x hi ca d n. Phng php thc hin v c bn giai on lp Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh ch yu ch da vo bn t l nh c sn v cc ti liu thu thp c trong phng, kt hp vi vic th st trn thc a tnh ton, nghin cu, thit k cc ni dung theo yu cu. 2.1.3.2. H s Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh giao thng Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh ca mt d n xy dng cng trnh giao thng gm cc vn bn: - Bo co thuyt minh tng hp. - H s bn v. - Ph lc.

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B/m D n v Qun l d n

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Mn hc: Lp v phn tch d n u t xy dng giao thng A. Thuyt minh tng hp c cc vn bn: 1. Tn cng trnh, tn ch u t v a ch lin lc. 2. Gii thiu chung: 2.1. Tng quan. 2.2. i tng v phm vi nghin cu. 2.3. T chc thc hin d n. 2.4. Cc vn bn php l cho php tin hnh chun b u t v cc thng t, quyt nh, cc vn bn khc c lin quan ti d n. 2.5. Cc ngun ti liu s dng lp Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh. 3. c im kinh t - x hi vng nghin cu. 3.1. Tnh hnh pht trin dn s trong vng. 3.2. Tnh hnh lao ng v ngnh ngh trong vng. 3.3. Tnh hnh kinh t - x hi ca cc vng ln cn v ca cc nc c lin quan ti d n (nu c). 4. Chin lc pht trin kinh t - x hi trong vng. 4.1. nh hng tng qut v pht trin kinh t - x hi trong vng. Mt s cc ch tiu pht trin kinh t chnh ca mt s ngnh. 4.2. S b d bo v tnh hnh pht trin dn s v lao ng. 4.3. Phng hng pht trin kinh t - x hi cc vng ln cn c lin quan ti d n. 5. Hin trng mng li giao thng trong vng nghin cu: s b nh gi chc nng ca cc tuyn giao thng trong mng li giao thng vng nghin cu, tiu chun k thut, cht lng khai thc ca cc cng trnh giao thng. 6. Tnh hnh vn ti ca nhng nm gn y v d bo (tnh ton s b) nhu cu vn ti trong tng lai. 7. Phn tch s cn thit phi u t xy dng mi hay ci to, nng cp cc cng trnh giao thng hin c. Trnh by nhng thun li v kh khn: phn tch s b hiu qu ca vic trin khai d n xy dng cng trnh giao thng i vi chin lc pht trin kinh t trong khu vc hp dn ca cng trnh, hiu qu gim chi ph vn ti, ci thin iu kin sinh hot, vn ho ca nhn dn trong vng, cng c an ninh qupc phng.... 8. c im v iu kin t nhin ca vng nghin cu. 8.1. iu kin kh hu v thu vn. 8.2. iu kin v a hnh. 8.3. iu kin v a cht v vt liu xy dng. 9. S b xc nh quy m v tiu chun k thut ca cng trnh. 9.1. Cc Quy chun, Tiu chun thit k p dng. 9.2. D kin cp ng, cc tiu chun hnh hc ca ng, tiu chun k thut ca cu, cng, mt ng...

Bi Ngc Ton

B/m D n v Qun l d n

Chng 2. D n u t xy dng cng trnh 10. S b la chn cc gii php k thut. 10.1. S b la chn phng n tuyn. 10.2. S b thit k mt ct dc phng n tuyn c chn. 10.3. S b la chn kt cu.

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11. Xc nh s b khi lng xy dng: nn ng, mt ng, cu, cng,..., khi lng gii phng mt bng. 12. Xc nh s b tng mc u t, phng n huy ng vn, phng n phn k u t, phn on xy dng. 13. S b c tnh nhu cu lao ng v t chc thc hin, thi gian khi cng, thi gian hon thnh. 14. S b phn tch hiu qu u t v mt kinh t - x hi ca d n. 15. S b nh gi tc ng mi trng v cc bin php gim thiu nh hng i vi mi trng. 16. Kt lun v kin ngh. B. H s bn v: 1. Bn v cc phng n tuyn. 2. Bn v mt ct dc ng. 3. Bn v mt ct ngang. 4. Bn v cc phng n cu (i vi cc cng trnh cu). 5. Cu trung, cu nh v cng: trong giai on NCTKT cu to cng v cu nh s dng theo thit k nh hnh v vy khng yu cu trong h s phi cung cp bn v cu to cc cng trnh ny. 6. Cc cng trnh khc trn tuyn. C. Ph lc: Ph lc bao gm cc bng thng k cu, cng, cc cng trnh phng h, cc nt giao nhau, cc cng trnh an ton giao thng, cc cng trnh khc..., cc ti liu thu thp trong thi gian iu tra, cc vn bn lin quan khc, bng thng k cc n gi, nh mc v cc cn c s dng tnh tng mc u t. 2.2. Lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh 2.2.1. Ni dung ca d n u t xy dng cng trnh D n u t xy dng cng trnh bao gm 2 phn l thuyt minh d n v thit k c s. 2.2.1.1. Ni dung ca thuyt minh d n 1. S cn thit v mc tiu u t; nh gi nhu cu th trng, tiu th sn phm i vi d n sn xut; kinh doanh hnh thc u t xy dng cng trnh; a im xy dng, nhu cu s dng t; iu kin cung cp nguyn liu, nhin liu v cc yu t u vo khc.

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Mn hc: Lp v phn tch d n u t xy dng giao thng

2. M t v quy m v din tch xy dng cng trnh, cc hng mc cng trnh bao gm cng trnh chnh, cng trnh ph v cc cng trnh khc; phn tch la chn phng n k thut, cng ngh v cng sut. 3. Cc gii php thc hin bao gm: Phng n gii phng mt bng, ti nh c v phng n h tr xy dng h tng k thut nu c; Cc phng n thit k kin trc i vi cng trnh trong th v cng trnh c yu cu kin trc; Phng n khai thc d n v s dng lao ng; Phn on thc hin, tin thc hin v hnh thc qun l d n.

4. nh gi tc ng mi trng, cc gii php phng, chng chy, n v cc yu cu v an ninh, quc phng. 5. Tng mc u t ca d n; kh nng thu xp vn, ngun vn v kh nng cp vn theo tin ; phng n hon tr vn i vi d n c yu cu thu hi vn; cc ch tiu ti chnh v phn tch nh gi hiu qu kinh t, hiu qu x hi ca d n. 2.2.1.2. Ni dung thit k c s ca d n Ni dung phn thit k c s ca d n phi th hin c gii php thit k ch yu, bo m iu kin xc nh tng mc u t v trin khai cc bc thit k tip theo, bao gm thuyt minh v cc bn v. Thuyt minh thit k c s c trnh by ring hoc trnh by trn cc bn v din gii thit k vi cc ni dung ch yu sau: Tm tt nhim v thit k; gii thiu tm tt mi lin h ca cng trnh vi quy hoch xy dng ti khu vc; cc s liu v iu kin t nhin, ti trng v tc ng; danh mc cc quy chun, tiu chun c p dng. Thuyt minh cng ngh: gii thiu tm tt phng n cng ngh v s cng ngh; danh mc thit b cng ngh vi cc thng s k thut ch yu lin quan n thit k xy dng. Thuyt minh xy dng: Khi qut v tng mt bng: gii thiu tm tt c im tng mt bng, cao v to xy dng; h thng h tng k thut v cc im u ni; din tch s dng t, din tch xy dng, din tch cy xanh, mt xy dng, h s s dng t, cao san nn v cc ni dung cn thit khc. i vi cng trnh xy dng theo tuyn: gii thiu tm tt c im tuyn cng trnh, cao v ta xy dng, phng n x l cc chng ngi vt chnh trn tuyn; hnh lang bo v tuyn v cc c im khc ca cng trnh nu c; i vi cng trnh c yu cu kin trc: gii thiu tm tt mi lin h ca cng trnh vi quy hoch xy dng ti khu vc v cc cng trnh ln cn; tng ca phng n thit k kin trc; mu sc cng trnh; cc gii php thit k ph hp vi iu kin kh hu, mi trng, vn ho, x hi ti khu vc xy dng;

Bi Ngc Ton

B/m D n v Qun l d n

Chng 2. D n u t xy dng cng trnh

27

Phn k thut: gii thiu tm tt c im a cht cng trnh, phng n gia c nn, mng, cc kt cu chu lc chnh, h thng k thut v h tng k thut ca cng trnh, san nn, o p t; danh mc cc phn mm s dng trong thit k; Gii thiu tm tt phng n phng chng chy, n v bo v mi trng; D tnh khi lng cc cng tc xy dng, thit b lp tng mc u t v thi gian xy dng cng trnh. Cc bn v thit k c s bao gm: Bn v cng ngh th hin s dy chuyn cng ngh vi cc thng s k thut ch yu; Bn v xy dng th hin cc gii php v tng mt bng, kin trc, kt cu, h thng k thut v h tng k thut cng trnh vi cc kch thc v khi lng ch yu, cc mc gii, to v cao xy dng; Bn v s h thng phng chng chy, n.

i vi cc d n u t xy dng cng trnh c mc ch sn xut kinh doanh th tu theo tnh cht, ni dung ca d n c th gim bt mt s ni dung thit k c s nhng phi bo m yu cu v quy hoch, kin trc, xc nh c tng mc u t v tnh ton c hiu qu u t ca d n. 2.2.1.3. H s trnh ph duyt d n u t xy dng cng trnh Ch u t c trch nhim gi h s d n u t xy dng cng trnh ti ngi quyt nh u t ph duyt. H s d n u t xy dng cng trnh bao gm: T trnh ph duyt d n; D n bao gm phn thuyt minh v thit k c s; vn bn thm nh ca cc B, ngnh lin quan (nu c); Vn bn cho php u t ca cp c thm quyn i vi cc d n quan trng quc gia, d n nhm A.

2.2.2. c im ca vic lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh - Phn tch k, chi tit mi mt v k thut, ti chnh, mi trng, kinh t, th ch v iu kin x hi. - Phn tch mang tnh cht ng, xem xt nh gi sut c i d n, cc tnh ton c tin hnh cho tng nm hot ng. - iu tra k, xc nh r tnh hiu qu ca d n. D n u t xy dng cng trnh l ti liu nh gi ton din, l c s cho cc cp ph duyt d n. Sau khi hon thnh d n u t xy dng cng trnh ngi ta c th hnh dung c ton cnh v xy dng v khai thc cng trnh trong sut thi gian tn ti hoc vng i d n. 2.2.3. c im ca d n u t xy dng cng trnh giao thng 2.2.3.1. Mc ch, nhim v, phng php thc hin

Bi Ngc Ton

B/m D n v Qun l d n

28

Mn hc: Lp v phn tch d n u t xy dng giao thng

Nhim v ca giai on lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh giao thng l thu thp ti liu, tnh ton, nghin cu nhm mc ch: - xc nh s cn thit phi u t xy dng cng trnh; - la chn hnh thc u t (xy dng mi hay nng cp, ci to...); - xc nh c th phm vi b tr cng trnh; - xc nh quy m cng trnh, la chn phng n tuyn v cng trnh ti u; - xut cc gii php thit k hp l; - tnh tng mc u t v nh gi hiu qu u t xy dng cng trnh. V phng php thc hin: ngoi vic da vo bn v cc ti liu thu thp trong phng, trong giai on lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh cn phi tin hnh cc cng tc kho st, thm d, iu tra thc a (o c s b a hnh, thm d s b a cht, iu tra thu vn, vt liu xy dng v s b cm tuyn, nh v cng trnh trn thc a...) ly ti liu nghin cu, lp d n. 2.2.3.2. H s d n u t xy dng cng trnh giao thng A. Thuyt minh d n: 1. Gii thiu chung 1.1. Tn d n, tn ch u t v a ch lin lc. 1.2. i tng v phm vi nghin cu. 1.3. T chc thc hin d n: phn cng t chc thc hin d n gia cc n v t vn kho st - thit k (nu cng trnh c nhiu n v thc hin). 1.4. Cc cn c php l xc nh quy m v s cn thit phi u t: giy php u t xy dng cng trnh. quyt nh duyt cng lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh c km theo cng c thng qua, t trnh ca ch u t xin duyt cng lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh. hp ng kinh t gia ch u t v n v t vn kho st - thit k thc hin vic lp d n. cc Thng t, Quyt nh v cc vn bn khc c lin quan n d n.

1.5. Cc quy chun, tiu chun p dng. 1.6. Cc ngun ti liu s dng lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh thu thp trong thi gian iu tra, kho st. 2. c im kinh t - x hi vng nghin cu 2.1. Tnh hnh pht trin dn s trong vng - s pht trin dn s, t l pht trin dn s hng nm. - phn b dn s theo gii tnh v tui. - quy m cc h gia nh: s h 1 ngi, 2 ngi, 3 ngi... v t l % ca mi loi.

Bi Ngc Ton

B/m D n v Qun l d n

Chng 2. D n u t xy dng cng trnh 2.2. Tnh hnh lao ng v vic lm Lao ng v vic lm c phn chia theo 3 khu vc:

29

Khu vc I: thuc cc ngnh khai thc trc tip ti nguyn thin nhin khng qua khu ch bin nh cc ngnh trng trt, nh c, trng rng... Khu vc II: thuc cc ngnh khai thc (m cc loi) v cc ngnh cng nghip khc. Khu vc III: thuc cc ngnh thng nghip, dch v, vn ti, hnh chnh s nghip. 2.3. Nng lm nghip (khu vc I): - loi cy trng; - loi hnh s hu, quy m, din tch; - tnh hnh pht trin nhng nm gn y v nh hng pht trin trong tng lai. 2.4. Cng nghip (khu vc II): - phn loi cc x nghip, nh my trong khu vc nghin cu v cc vng ph cn thuc khu vc hp dn ca tuyn giao thng; - v tr ca cc c s cng nghip, tnh hnh pht trin nhng nm gn y v k hoch pht trin tng lai. 2.5. Thng nghip, dch v, hnh chnh s nghip (khu vc III): - phn loi lao ng theo cc nhm c tnh cht tng t v yu cu i li: hnh chnh s nghip, gio dc o to, bun bn nh, bun bn ln v trung bnh, thng cng, sn bay; - tnh hnh pht trin nhng nm gn y v d bo tng lai. 2.6. Tnh hnh kinh t - x hi ca cc vng ph cn hoc ca cc nc c lin n d n. 3. Chin lc pht trin kinh t - x hi ca vng 3.1. nh hng pht trin kinh t - x hi vng nghin cu. 3.1.1. nh hng pht trin theo quy hoch ngn hn, trung hn v di hn. 3.1.2. D bo mt s cc ch tiu pht trin kinh t chnh. 3.1.3. D bo pht trin dn s v lao ng. 3.2. nh hng pht trin kinh t - x hi cc vng ln cn v cc vng thuc khu vc hp dn. 4. Cc quy hoch xy dng c lin quan ti d n 4.1. Quy hoch v cc d n pht trin th, khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu kinh t mi... 4.2. Quy hoch v cc d n khc v GTVT c lin quan ti d n nghin cu. 4.3. Quy hoch v cc d n v thu li. 4.4. Quy hoch v cc d n v nng lng. 4.5. Quy hoch v cc d n v nng nghip v pht trin nng thn.

Bi Ngc Ton

B/m D n v Qun l d n

30

Mn hc: Lp v phn tch d n u t xy dng giao thng 4.6. Quy hoch v cc d n pht trin lm nghip. 4.7. Quy hoch v cc d n v dch v, du lch, khu bo tn, cc di tch vn ho, lch s. 5. Hin trng mng li giao thng trong vng nghin cu 5.1. Tnh hnh chung hin ti v mng li GTVT trong vng nghin cu. 5.2. Hin trng mng li giao thng ng b. 5.3. ng st. 5.4. ng sng, ng bin. 5.5. ng hng khng. 5.6. nh gi chung v tnh hnh GTVT khu vc nghin cu. 6. D bo nhu cu vn ti trong tng lai 6.1. Xc nh khu vc hp dn ca cng trnh giao thng v cc im lp hng. 6.2. D bo nhu cu vn ti ca vng nghin cu v s phn cng vn ti gia cc phng tin (ng b, ng st, ng thu, hng khng...). 6.3. D bo nhu cu vn ti ng b, xc nh lu lng xe v thnh phn xe chy cc nm tnh ton tng lai (cc nm th 5, 10, 15, 20) phc v quy hoch ngn hn, trung hn v di hn. 7. Phn tch s cn thit phi u t xy dng mi hay ci to, nng cp cng trnh giao thng hin c. Cc iu kin thun li v kh khn 7.1. ngha, tm quan trng v tnh cp bch ca vic trin khai d n i vi quy hoch pht trin kinh t vng nghin cu v cc vng ln cn. 7.2. ngha phc v GTVT ca cng trnh trong quy hoch pht trin, hon chnh mng li giao thng quc gia. 7.3. ngha v mt an ninh quc phng 7.4. Nhng kh khn v thun li khi trin khai d n. 8. c im v iu kin t nhin ca vng nghin cu 8.1. iu kin kh hu v thu vn: nhit , lng ma, m, tc v hng gi, vng b ngp, thi gian nc ngp, iu kin nc mt, nc ngm, thu triu, mc nc lch s, tc nc chy, tnh hnh xi l v din bin lng sng, tnh hnh bo, l... 8.2. iu kin v a hnh: ng bng, i ni, dc a hnh, v tr khe sui, sng, h, ao, v tr vt sng, vt o, cc vng th, khu dn c ng c nm trong vng, khu vc bo tn... 8.3. iu kin v a cht: cu to a cht, th nhng, nh gi cc vng t yu, vng b st l... 8.4. Vt liu xy dng: loi vt liu, v tr, tr lng v cc c trng c l ca n. 8.5. Gi tr nng lm nghip ca khu vc tuyn i qua. 8.6. Nhng kh khn khi thit k cng trnh d n.

Bi Ngc Ton

B/m D n v Qun l d n

Chng 2. D n u t xy dng cng trnh 9. La chn quy m v tiu chun k thut ca cng trnh d n 9.1. Cc tiu chun, quy trnh thit k p dng. 9.2. La chn cp ng v cc tiu chun thit k hnh hc ca ng. 9.3. La chn kh cu v ti trng xe tnh ton. 9.4. La chn loi kt cu mt ng, ti trng xe tnh ton.

31

10. Cc gii php k thut, thit k s b cc phng n ngh la chn, cc phng n kin trc, kt lun la chn phng n 10.1. Phng n tuyn, thit k s b bnh tuyn, cc yu t hnh hc ca tng on tuyn. 10.2. Thit k s b mt ct dc ng. 10.3. Thit k s b mt ct ngang ca ng. 10.4. Thit k s b h thng thot nc, cu cng nh. 10.5. Thit k mt ng. 10.6. Thit k s b cu ln v cu trung: khu cu, kt cu nhp, tr v m cu, ng hai u cu... 10.7. Phng n cc cng trnh c bit nh k, tng chn, cng trnh chng xi l, x l nn t yu, cng trnh ngm... 10.8. Thit k s b cc nt giao thng, cc cng trnh an ton giao thng, cc cng trnh phc v trn ng. 11. Phng n gii phng mt bng v ti nh c. 12. nh gi tc ng mi trng v cc bin php gim thiu nh hng i vi mi trng. 13. Tng mc u t v trin khai d n. 13.1. Tng mc u t v phng n phn k u t. 13.2. Ngun vn (hoc loi ngun vn), kh nng ti chnh, nhu cu vn theo tin , nhu cu v vt t, MMTB v lao ng. 13.3. T chc trin khai d n v phng n s dng lao ng. 13.4. Cc mc thi gian chnh thc hin d n. Quy nh thi gian khi cng chm nht, thi hn hon thnh a cng trnh vo khai thc s dng (chm nht). 13.5. Mi quan h v trch nhim ca cc c quan, n v lin quan n d n. 14. Phn tch hiu qu u t v mt ti chnh (nu c) v v mt kinh t - x hi ca d n: - thuyt minh r phng php phn tch hiu qu u t; cn c ca cc thng s a vo tnh ton: cn c tnh ton cc chi ph, li ch ca vic xy dng cng trnh, cn c tnh gi thnh vn doanh, thi hn phn tch hiu qu kinh t; kt qu phn tch hiu qu (cc ch tiu NPW, IRR, BCR, thi gian hon vn... ca mi phng n;

Bi Ngc Ton

B/m D n v Qun l d n

32

Mn hc: Lp v phn tch d n u t xy dng giao thng - da vo kt qu phn tch kinh t, ti chnh kt hp vi cc ch tiu k thut tng hp v cc u khuyt im ca mi phng n a ra kt lun v kin ngh la chn phng n; - nh gi hiu qu u t ca phng n c chn. 15. Kt lun v kin ngh. 15.1. Cc kt lun chnh: - tn d n; - phm vi v ni dung nghin cu; - s cn thit phi u t; - cc gii php k thut kin ngh v quy m, tiu chun k thut, cc phng n v v tr, kt cu cng trnh; - tng mc u t; - k hoch trin khai d n, hnh thc qun l thc hin d n; - nh gi tc ng mi trng v cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu; - mi quan h v trch nhim ca cc c quan, n v lin quan n d n. 15.2. Kin ngh. B. Thit k c s: 1. Bnh c v cc phng n tuyn, v tr cu cng, cc cng trnh c bit, cc m vt liu. 2. Mt ct dc ng. 3. Mt ct ngang ng. 4. Cu ln. 5. Cng. 6. Cu nh, cu trung. 7. Kt cu o ng. 8. Cng trnh phng h. 9. Nt giao nhau. 10. Cng trnh an ton giao thng. 11. Cng trnh ngm (nu c). 12. Cc cng trnh phc v khai thc. C. Ph lc: 1. Cc vn bn php l: - giy php u t xy dng cng trnh; - quyt nh duyt cng lp d n v cng c duyt; - t trnh ca ch u t xin duyt cng lp d n;

Bi Ngc Ton

B/m D n v Qun l d n

Chng 2. D n u t xy dng cng trnh - hp ng kinh t gia ch u t v n v t vn lp d n;

33

- bn trch sao cc quyt nh v quy hoch, chin lc ca ngnh hoc vng lnh th lin quan n d n; - cc vn bn lm vic vi UBND cc tnh, thnh ph, cc B, ngnh Trung ng c lin quan n hng tuyn, v tr cu ln v cc im khng ch khc. 2. Cc bng biu thuyt minh tnh ton: - tng hp khi lng cng vic cho cc hng mc; - gii phng mt bng; - d ton cng trnh, tng mc u t; - cc bng, biu v thuyt minh v cc s liu s dng phn tch hiu qu kinh t v ti chnh ca d n. 3. H s kho st phc v lp d n. 2.4. Bo co kinh t - k thut xy dng cng trnh 2.4.1. Ni dung ca Bo co kinh t - k thut xy dng cng trnh - s cn thit u t, mc tiu xy dng cng trnh; - a im xy dng; - quy m, cng sut, cp cng trnh; - ngun kinh ph xy dng cng trnh; - thi hn xy dng; - hiu qu cng trnh; - phng, chng chy, n; - bn v thit k thi cng v d ton cng trnh. 2.4.2. H s Bo co kinh t - k thut xy dng cng trnh - n ca ch u t. - Bn bo co u t. - Mt s cn c php l cn thit ti thiu. - Cc kin ca cc c quan v t chc c lin quan nu cn thit.

3. Trnh t lp d n u t Vic son tho mt d n u t phi t c mc tiu l cung cp cho ch u t v cc c quan thm nh nhng ti liu, s liu, cc gii php, tnh ton cn thit v hp l h c th quyt nh c nn u t hay khng, c nn cp giy php hay khng. Nu qu tht vic u t khng c hiu qu hoc hiu qu thp th nh u t cng c cn c hu b nh u t, trnh phi tn km thm hoc nu cn c th c th tin hnh iu chnh sa i li d n ban u.

Bi Ngc Ton

B/m D n v Qun l d n

34

Mn hc: Lp v phn tch d n u t xy dng giao thng

Nh vy vic son tho d n l mt khu quan trng, cn phi m bo ni dung qui nh ca mt d n v phi tun theo mt trnh t cht ch. i vi cc d n c s tham gia ca nc ngoi th d n tin kh thi thng do bn Vit Nam t son tho, i vi cc d n kh thi ca cc chng trnh u t ln ca nc ngoi thng do hai bn nc ngoi v Vit Nam cng phi hp son tho. Kinh ph lp d n kh thi do ch u t chi tr. Trnh t lp d n kh thi gm cc bc sau: 3.1. C ch nhim d n - Khi ch u t s dng b my ca mnh lp d n th ch cn ch nh ch nhim d n. Nu ch u t thu c quan t vn u t lp d n th c quan ny c ch nhim d n v cn thng nht vi ch u t. - Ch nhim d n l ngi chu trch nhim chnh v cht lng d n, tin lp d n v l ngi iu hnh ton b qu trnh lp d n. - Ch nhim d n c th thay mt ch u t, thay mt c quan t vn u t trnh by, bo v d n trc cc c quan thm nh nu c u nhim. - Ch nhim d n phi l ngi c trnh tng hp, c kinh nghim lp d n v l ngi c uy tn trong ngnh chuyn mn lin quan n d n. - Ch nhim d n cn phi c la chn cn thn ngay t u v khng nn thay i na chng v kinh nghim cho thy mi ln thay i ch nhim d n s gy ra rt nhiu kh khn, o ln. - Cn ch rng ch nhim d n khng phi l mt chc danh i din m l mt chc danh va mang tnh cht lnh o, iu hnh, ng thi l ngi trc tip son tho nhng phn quan trng ca d n v l ngi trc tip c kt, vit tng thuyt minh cng nh bn tm tt d n. Chn c mt ch nhim d n tt ta c th hnh dung c kt qu ca d n. 3.2. Lp nhm son tho - Ch nhim d n kin ngh mt danh sch cc thnh vin v lp mt nhm son tho d n. Tu theo tnh cht v qui m ca d n m quyt nh s lng cc thnh vin, t nht cng phi c cc chuyn gia kinh t, k thut, php l. Cc chuyn gia c mi c th cng mt c quan nhng cng c th t nhiu c quan khc nhau. Nhm son tho do ch nhim d n ng u. - i vi cc d n ln trong nhm son tho c th c ra cc ch nhim b mn. - Danh sch nhm son tho nu c ch u t hoc th trng c quan t vn chp thun th cng thun li nhng tt hn ht cc th trng nn dnh quyn rng ri cho ch nhim d n trong vic la chn cc thnh vin. 3.3. Chun b cc cng C hai loi cng phi chun b: cng tng qut v cng chi tit. - cng tng qut: bao gm mc ch, yu cu, ni dung c bn, thi hn, phng thc, cc gii php chnh ca d n, phn cng trong nhm, lch trnh tin hnh, lch trnh thng qua s b, thng qua chnh thc, hon chnh h s. cng tng qut do ch nhim son tho sau khi trao i vi cc ch nhim b mn hoc cc chuyn gia chnh. Bi Ngc Ton B/m D n v Qun l d n

Chng 2. D n u t xy dng cng trnh

35

- cng chi tit: do cc ch nhim b mn hoc cc chuyn gia chnh son tho trn c s cng tng qut bao gm ni dung, phng php thu thp ti liu, s liu, x l thng tin, la chn cc gii php, cc phng n, phng php tnh ton, so snh v lch trnh thc hin. Cc cng chi tit phi c ch nhim d n chp thun mi thc hin. - i vi cc d n ln c rt nhiu loi cng chi tit kh phc tp. Phi c cc chuyn gia mi son tho c. - c th vit c cng tng qut v cc cng chi tit trc ht nhm son tho cn phi nhn dng c d n: xc nh s b mc ch, qui m v cc vn kinh t k thut ch yu ca d n, ng thi phi xc nh c v tr ca d n, th t u tin ca d n trong chin lc pht trin kinh t ca Nh nc. Qua nh hng c cng vic nghin cu, phm vi nghin cu v t mi vit c cng. Lp d ton kinh ph, son tho v bo v d n. - i vi u t trong nc c th tham kho gi thit k (% gi tr cng trnh) ri suy ra kinh ph lp lun chng kinh t - k thut (% gi thit k) theo hng dn ca B Xy dng. - i vi u t nc ngoi, ring phn lp v trnh duyt cc vn bn, hp ng kinh doanh, iu l cng ty lin doanh, lun chng kinh t - k thut, cc vn bn php l khc c ly bng 3% tng vn u t. Kinh ph ny thng khng lp d n. V vy cn c d ton, d tr cc khon chi thc t v c s tho thun thng nht gia cc bn tham gia u t. 3.4. Trin khai son tho d n u t Cn c vo cng chi tit thu thp thng tin. Mc d hin nay c nhiu c quan c th cung cp thng tin nh Tng cc Thng k, cc u ban Nh nc, b chuyn ngnh... nhng y vn l mt trong nhng cng vic kh khn nht ca nhm son tho. Trng hp cn thit phi t iu tra bng cc phng php phng vn, ly mu... Chng hn xc nh lu lng xe chy trn ng, ngoi cc s liu thng k ta cn t chc m xe, cn xe... * Phn tch, x l thng tin, d bo. Vic phn tch x l thng tin cng nh d bo phi c tin hnh bng cc phng php khoa hc ca ton thng k ng thi phi da vo cc kinh nghim ca cc chuyn gia. * Lp cc phng n, so snh phng n. D n phi t c cc gii php tt nht. V vy qu trnh lp cc d n c th xem l qu trnh lp cc phng n v so snh la chn phng n. Mi gii php nn c ti thiu hai phng n, qua tnh ton so snh chn ly mt phng n. Cn ch n cc loi phng n sau y: - Cc phng n tuyn. - Cc phng n kt cu. - Phng n khu vc a im v a im c th. - Phng n cng ngh, thit b. - Phng n v t chc thc hin. Bi Ngc Ton B/m D n v Qun l d n

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Mn hc: Lp v phn tch d n u t xy dng giao thng - Phng n v x l cht thi. - Phng n v phn k u t.

Vic so snh cc phng n vi nhau phi da vo cc ch tiu kinh t k thut, m bo tnh khch quan v tnh kh thi. * c kt vit tng thuyt minh. - Sau khi c s liu ca b phn, la chn c cc gii php hp l cn t chc hp chung trong nhm iu chnh, sa i, thng qua. - Tip theo cc b phn vit phn thuyt minh ca mnh ln cc bng biu, bn v cn thit. - Ch nhim d n l ngi trc tip tng hp, c kt, gn kt cc b phn v vit tng thuyt minh. Tng thuyt minh l mt vn kin rt quan trng, ngoi phn ni dung ra cn c ch n c hnh thc trnh by, vn phong, ch ngha. - Cui cng nn c mt cuc hp thng qua ni b vi thnh phn m rng thm cc cn b c trch nhim v cc chuyn gia khc. Ti cuc hp ny cn tin hnh tho lun phn bin c v ni dung ln hnh thc ca d n. * Hon chnh, lp h s, trnh duyt: - D n cn c hon chnh da trn cc kt lun hp l ca hi ngh ni trn. Sau c th hnh thnh h s chnh thc trnh duyt. H s phi nghim chnh, ng qui cch, trnh by p, in n r rng, d c, ng ba cn thn. - Thng thng ngoi bn d n chnh thc cn lp bn tm tt d n tin lm vic, giao dch. - Ni dung cc vn bn trnh duyt v lm th tc trnh duyt s c trnh by v cc s s php l ca cng tc thm nh d n u t. Phi hp vi nc ngoi lp d n kh thi: i vi cc d n u t trc tip bng vn nc ngoi c qui m ln, phc tp, hin nay thng phi phi hp vi cc c quan t vn ca nc ngoi lp d n kh thi. Kinh ph lp d n kh thi cng ln v thng do pha nc ngoi tr l ch yu. Pha Vit Nam thng khng tin lm vic ny m ch gp thm mt phn kinh ph. Ni dung phi hp, tu thuc vo cc d n c th nhng thng nh sau: - Pha Vit Nam chu trch nhim gii quyt cc vn th tc, php l ph hp vi lut l ca Vit Nam, tin hnh thu thp ti liu, s liu, iu tra kho st th trng, hin trng, tin hnh cc th nghim ti ch, cung cp qui trnh, qui phm, tiu chun ca Vit Nam, thng lun m phn vi cc c quan Vit Nam, dch thut. - Pha nc ngoi ph trch cc khu tnh ton kinh t, k thut, lp bn tho d n. - Phi hp chung thng qua, trnh duyt d n. c th t kt qu tt cn phi: - Thng nht cng tng qut v kinh ph lp d n. - Thng nht qui trnh, qui phm, tiu chun c s dng trong khi lp d n.

Bi Ngc Ton

B/m D n v Qun l d n

Chng 2. D n u t xy dng cng trnh

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- Cn t chc cho c hai bn i kho st th trng, hin trng nht l i vi a im xy dng. - Bo m khu thng tin lin lc kp thi chnh xc. - La chn chuyn gia c trnh tham gia vo nhm son tho chung ca c hai bn. y l khu c tnh cht quyt nh nht.

Cu hi n tp 1. Khi nim d n u t. Vai tr v yu cu ca mt d n u t. Trnh by s cn thit phi u t theo d n. 2. Ni dung, ngha ca Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh, d n u t xy dng cng trnh? 3. Nu c im ca vic lp Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh v d n u t xy dng cng trnh. Trnh by nhng im khc bit. 4. Ni dung h s ca Bo co u t xy dng cng trnh v d n u t xy dng cng trnh c nhng im no khc nhau? 5. Trnh by cc bc c bn lp mt d n u t xy dng cng trnh.

Bi Ngc Ton

B/m D n v Qun l d n