BO CO TH NGHIM Mn: Th nghim h thng vin thng Bi: QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) Nhm 3: Trng Nh Tng

Phng Tin Hng ng Du Lin Y Tun Kbur Y Knp Cc Modules chnh thc hin h thng: Sequence Generator, Quarature Utilities, Phase Shifter Multiplier, Tuneable LPF. II. Ni dung thc hnh: I. Thc hnh v tm hiu 2 ni dung chnh sau: Cu 1: QPSK l g? Cu 2: V s khi h thng ang o? Cu 3: Nhn xt tn hiu ti im o s 4? (tn s, bin ). Gii thch ti sao thu c dng sng nh th? Cu 4: Tc dng ca b dch pha? Cu 5: Kho st tn s ct ca b lc LPF? Cu 6: So snh QPSK v BPSK v tc , bng thng v li bt? Cu 7: Nhn xt tn hiu im o s 7? Bi Thc Hnh: Cu 1: : QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying): iu ch pha cu phng (hay iu ch pha vung gc).

K thut iu ch pha l k thut iu ch trong pha ca sng mang thay i theo tn hiu tin tc. iu ch pha l k thut iu ch m bo mc li thp nht vi mt mc thu nhn trc

Hnh 1. iu ch QPSK thc hin iu ch pha QPSK (4PSK) ngi ta chia lung s u vo thnh hai lung s bng cch cho lung tn hiu i qua b bin i ni tip song song.

S(t) 00011111

B bin i ni tip song song

0011

B Hnh 2. B bin i ni tip song song

0111

V mi t hp bit gm hai bit s c gn vi mt trng thi pha ca sng mang nh: , , , . Symbol 00 01 10 11 Phase Shift 0o 90o 180o 270o

Ta c biu thc iu ch QPSK U00 (t) = A cos(ot + + o) U01 (t) = A cos(ot + U11 (t) = A cos(ot + U10 (t) = A cos(ot + + o) + o) + o)

Nh vy dch pha gia hai trng thi pha l 900 v vy iu ch QPSK cn c gi l iu ch pha vung gc. Biu tn hiu QPSK:

Hnh 3. Biu tn hiu QPSK Xem bng ta thy, mc '1' thay i vo - , cn logic '0' th bin i vo . V cng mt lc pht i mt symbol nn lung vo phi phn thnh hai tng ng v c bin i mc ri nhn ri nhn vi hai hm trc giao tng ng.

Cu 2: V s khi:

LPF
Sin(wt) QPSK

OUT

Sin wt Signal output 2kHz sinut Cos wt Sin wt

Hnh 4. S khi ca h thng ang o Cu3: Nhn xt tn hiu im 4: - L tn hiu ban u qua qu trnh iu ch QPSK. Tn hiu ny c tn s 100kHz (xem hnh 6), bin bng bin ca 2 xung to ra bi tn hiu gc sin(ut) (xem hnh 5). Da vo hnh 5 ta thy rng: c nhng im m pha ca tn hiu iu ch khc nhau, hay ni c th l chng b lch i cc gc pha l 00, 900, 1800, 2700. Thu c kt qu ny l do s cng hp ca 2 tn hiu A v B ( 2 xung c tao ra bi xung iu ch ban u, 2 xung ny lch nhau 900).

Nhng im dch pha trong qu trnh iu ch QPSK

Hnh 5. Dng sng ca tn hiu o c ti im 4

Hnh 6. Tn s ca tn hiu o c im 6. Cu 4: Tc dng ca b dch pha - m bo cho b gii iu ch chc chn thu c ng tn hiu c bin dng nh tn hiu c truyn i. N gip to ra mt vng kha pha loi b i yu t ngu nhin trong chui d liu gi i trc . Do tn hiu ban u c tch lm 2 xung c pha lch nhau 900 nn yu t ngu nhin trong qu trnh gii iu ch l khng th trnh khi. B dch pha c tc dng rt quan trng. - c th hi phc c tn hiu mt cch tt nht, ta cn phi cn chnh b dch pha sao cho tn hiu sng mang sau khi b dch phi lch pha so vi tn hiu sng mang ban u 1 gc 900. Ta cn chnh nh sau: t que o knh A ti im s 2, knh B ti im s 5 v chnh nh sau: Gt cng tt HI LO sang b tr HI (do ang s dng tn s cao), cng tt chn ch pha gt v mc 00. Sau vn

nm COARSE ln mc gia v chnh nm FINE sao cho 2 dng sng o c ti 2 im 2 v 5 lch nhau 900 l c. Cu 5: Kho st tn s ct ca b LPF: + Fct=200Hz => Khng khi phc c tn hiu gc. Hnh 7

Hnh 7. Khng khi phc c tn hiu do tn s ct qu nh.

+ Fct = 2.5kHz: Bin dng ca tn hiu dn c khi phc nhng vn cha c tt do vn cn nhng nhiu khng mong mun. Hnh 8:

Hnh 8. Tn hiu dn c khi phc

+ Fct = 6kHz tn hiu c khi phc tt nht. Hnh 9:

Hnh 8. Chnh tn s ct khong 6kHz th ta thu c tn hiu phc hi tt nht. +Fct = 8.5 kHz. Tn hiu hi phc vn tt nhng ta thy bt u xut hin cc nhiu do nhim tn s ca cc tn hiu khc. Hnh 9:

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Nhiu

Hnh 8. Nhiu do nhim tn s ca cc tn hiu khc. + Fct = 12kHz. Nhiu trong tn hiu gii iu ch cng nhiu khi tn s ct tng ln qu ln so vi tn s sng truyn. Hnh 10:

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Hnh 10. S lng nhiu tng khi tng tn s ct. Nhn xt: Tn s ct ca b LPF khng nn qu ln v tn hiu truyn i c tn s 2kHz, nu tn s ct ln qu th s d nhim tn s ca cc tn hiu tp khc. Do , tn s ct ny nn chnh trong khong 4kHz 6kHz l tt nht. Cu 6: So snh QPSK vi BPSK: c im Tc Bng thng QPSK Truyn 2 bt/ symbol (hay truyn dibit), Ts = 2Tb do tc nhanh gp i BPSK Ts = 2Tb gp i BPSK. Bng thng ca QPSK xp s Rb. BPSK Truyn 1 tng bt, c tc : Rb = Rs (baud/s_bit/s) Bng bng thng ca QPSK.

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PE

T l li bt

2 Eb 1 erfc N 2 0

ging

PE

2 Eb 1 erfc N 2 0

ging QPSK

BPSK

Cu 7: Nhn xt tn hiu im o s 7: - L tn hiu khi phc ca 1 trong 2 lung tn hiu c tch ra bi tn hiu ban u. C th l tn hiu I cng c th l tn hiu Q. Tn s khong 2kHz, bin bng bin ca tn hiu ban u. Pha lch 900 so vi tn hiu im 1 v ng pha vi tn hiu im 2. thu c tn hiu gc, ta cn gn thm 1 b gii iu ch na, ly tn hiu t im 4, sau cng vi tn hiu im 7 th mi c kh nng khi phc c tn hiu truyn i. Da vo hnh 11, ta thy c nhng chu k, bin dng ca tn hiu khc vi tn hiu o im 1 do yu t ngu nhin ca lung d liu truyn i. Ta hiu rng nhng im khc l tn hiu ca lung d liu cn li.

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Bin Bin dng xung dng xung khc khc nhau nhau

Hnh 11. Dng xung im o s 7

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