SMK SEBAUH

Jawapan

SPM Kimia Tingkatan 4,5 - Soalan Kimia Garam Aras 3 Kertas 2

1. (a) i. Blue/Biru ii. CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) + H2O (l) CuO (p) + H2SO4 (ak) CuSO4 (ak) + H2O (ce) iii. To ensure all sulphuric acid reacted Untuk memastikan semua asid sulfurik bertindakbalas iv. Because excess sulphuric acid cannot be separated from the salt solution Disebabkan asid sulfurik berlebihan tidak boleh dipisahkan dari larutan garam v. Because copper is below hydrogen in the electrochemical series and reaction would not occur Disebabkan kuprum berada di bawah hidogen dalam siri elektrokimia dan tindak balas tidak akan berlaku (b) i. Manipulated variable = Impure copper(II) sulphate Pembolehubah dimanipulasi = Kuprum(II) sulfat tak tulen Responding variable = Pure copper(II) sulphate Pembolehubah bertindakbalas = Kuprum(II) sulfat tulen Fixed variable = Water Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan = Air ii. A pure form of copper(II) sulphate can be obtained by recrystallization Kuprum(II) sulfat tulen boleh dihasilkan secara penghabluran semula. iii. The solution is heated so as to evaporate some of the water in the solution. Larutan dipanaskan untuk mengewapkan sebahagian air dari larutan. (a) Sulphuric acid (b) To make sure that all the sulphuric acid completely reacted with the copper(II) oxide. (c) CuO(s) + H2SO4(aq) CuSO4 (aq) + H2O(g) (d) To make the filtrate saturated so that crystalisation will take place. (e) The saturated solution obtained is cooled so that crystalisation occurs. The mixture is then filtered and the crystals collected on the filter paper is rinsed with a little distilled water. (f) Number of mole of H2SO4 = = 0.02 moles So, number of moles of CuSO4 = 0.02 moles Mass of CuSO4 = 0.02(64 +32+64) = 3.2 g (g) Copper(II) oxide and copper(II) hydroxide. (a)

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(b) The copper(II) carbonate green solid become black solid. (c) i. Copper(II) oxide and carbon dioxide ii. CuCO3(s) CuO(s) + CO2(g) (d) Number of moles of copper(II) carbonate = = 0.005 moles Maximum mass of copper(II) oxide = 0.005(64 + 16) = 0.4 g (e) CuCO3(s) + 2H+ (aq) Cu2+ (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O(l) (f) The strip of zinc will becomes thinner, a brown solid will be deposited. Blue solution will become paler.

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(a) (i) Y = Oxygen Z = Nitrogen dioxide X = Lead(II) oxide (ii) Add / pour sulphuric acid and iron(II) sulphate solution followed by concentrated sulphuric acid. Precipitate / brown ring formed (b) (i) Lead(II) ion/Pb2+ ion (ii) W2+ + 2I WI2/Pb2+ + 2I PbI2 (iii) W(II) hydroxide / lead(II) hydroxide (c) (i) Precipitate / white solid formed (ii) W(II) sulphate / Lead(II) sulphate (a) i. Lead(II) nitrate solution ii. Bubble the gas A through limewater. The limewater turns milky shows that gas A is carbon dioxide. iii. PbCO3 + 2HNO3 Pb (NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O (b) A white precipitate is formed in excess sodium hydroxide (c) i. Lead(II) carbonate; PbCO3 ii. Pb(NO3)2 + Na2CO3 Pb CO3 + 2NaNO3 iii. The mixture is filtered using filter funnel and filter paper. The precipitate (zink carbonate) is dry using a piece filter paper and the filtrate (zinc carbonate) is collected in conical flask. (a) i. Blue / Biru ii. CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) + H2O (l) iii. To ensure all the sulphuric acid has reacted Untuk memastikan semua asid bertindakbalas iv. Because excess sulphuric acid cannot be separated form the salt solution Kerana asid sulfurik berlebihan tidak boleh dipisahkan dari larutan garam v. Because copper is below hydrogen in the electrochemical series and reaction will not occur Kerana kuprum adalah di bawah hidrogen dalam siri elektrokimia dan tindakbalas tidak akan berlaku (b) i. Manipulated variable = Impure copper(II) sulphate Pembolehubah manipulasi = Kuprum(II) sulfat tak tulen Responding variable = Pure copper(II) sulphate Pembolehubah bergerakbalas = Kuprum(II) sulfat tulen Fixed variable = Water Pembolehubah tetap = Air ii. Pure copper(II) sulphate can be obtained by recrystallization Kuprum (II) sulfat tulen boleh diperolehi dengan kaedah pengkristalan semula iii. Step (b). The solution is heated so as to evaporate some of the water in the solution. Langkah (b). Larutan dipanaskan dan sebahagian air di dalam larutan akan merewap. (a) reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium [1 m] neutralisation of hydrochloric acid by magnesium oxide[1 m] reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium carbonate [1 m] (b) neutralisation of hydrochloric acid and magnesium oxide [1 m]

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[1 m] dilute hydrochloric acid is heated in a beaker [1 m] magnesium oxide powder is added until there is an excess of the insoluble oxid.

The hot colourless solution is filtered to remove the excess magnesium oxide. [1 m]

[1 m] The filtrate is poured into an evaporating dish and is heated until the volume of the solution left is 1/3 of the original volume [1 m]

[1 m ] The solution is then cooled or evaporated and then crystallised. [1 m] The remaining solution is filtered and the crystals are rinsed with a little distilled water and dried between two sheets of filter paper [1 m] (c) i. 2 cm3 of magnesium chloride solution are poured into a test tube, three drops of sodium hydroxide solution

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are added then in excess. The mixture is shaken gently. [1 m] White precipitate is formed and it is soluble in excess sodium hydroxide solution. [1 m] Another 2 cm3 of magnesium chloride solution is poured into a test tube, three drops of ammonia aqueous solution is then added in excess. The mixture is shaken gently. [1 m] An insoluble white precipitate formed in excess ammonia aqueous solution. [1 m] The cation is determine as magnesium ion [1 m] ii. 2 cm3 of magnesium chloride solution are poured into a test tube, excess dilute nitric acid is added followed by 1 cm3 of silver nitrate solution [1 m] A white precipitate is formed [1 m] The anion is determined as chloride ion. [1 m] (a) (i) X = Cu2+ ; Y = Fe2+ and Z = Fe3+ [2m] (ii) Cu(OH)2 ; Fe(OH)2 and Fe(OH)3 [2m] (b)

[8m] (c) Add a little sodium carbonate powder to 5 cm3 of solution from bottle 1. The evolution of gas that turns lime water milky will verify the presence of hydrogen ions in the acid. Tambahkan sedikit natrium karbonat kepada 5 cm3 larutan dari botol 1. Gas yang terhasil dan mengeruhkan air kapur dapat menentukan kehadiran ion hidrogen dalam asid. [2m] Add 2 cm3 of barium nitrate solution to 5 cm3 of solution from bottle 1. The formation of a white precipitate will verify the presence of sulphate ions. Tambahkan 2 cm3 larutan barium nitrat kepada 5 cm3 larutan dari botol 1. Pembentukan mendakan putih menentukan kehadiran ion sulfat. [2m] Add 1 cm3 of Nessler reagent to 5 cm3 of solution from bottle 2. The formation of brown precipitate will verify the presence of ammonium ions. Tambahkan 1 cm3 reagen Nessler kepada 5 cm3 larutan dari botol 2. Pembentukan mendakan perang menentukan kehadiran ion ammonium. [2m] Add a little of iron(II) sulphate and dilute sulphuric acid to 5 cm3 of solution from beaker 2, followed by concentrated sulphuric acid added slowly. The formation of brown ring will verify the presence of nitrate ions. Tambahkan sedikit ferum(II) sulfat dan larutan cair asid sulfurik kepada 5 cm3 larutan dari botol 2 diikuti oleh asid sulfurik pekat ditambah perlahan-lahan. Pembentukan cincin perang menentukan kehadiran ion nitrat. [2m] (a) A salt is the substance formed when the hydrogen ions of an acid are replaced by metal ions or

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ammonium ions. [1 m] Example: Sodium chloride [1 m] (b) i. Insoluble salts can be prepared by double decomposition. [1 m] ii. an insoluble salt, PY is is prepared us described below: Two salt solutions, PX and PY are selected as the materials. [1 m] P and Q are cations while X and Y are anions. [1 m] The reaction is, PX(aq) + QY (aq) PY(s) + QX(aq) [1 m] PY is the insoluble salt and QX is a soluble salt. [1 m] The solutions are measured and mix in a beaker. The mixture is stirred. [1 m] Precipitate formed is filtered and the residue is rinsed with distilled water. [1 m] The residue is dried between sheets of filter papers. [1 m] (c) i. 2 cm3 of copper(II) chloride solution is poured into a test tube, [1 m] excess of dilute nitric acid is added followed by 1 cm3 of silver nitrate [1 m] White precipitate is formed [1 m] ii. 2 cm3 of copper(II) chloride solution are poured into a test tube, 1 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution is added then excess [2 m] A blue precipitate is formed. It is soluble in excess sodium hydroxide solution. [1 m] 2 cm3 of copper(II) chloride solution is poured into a test tube, 1 cm3 of ammonia aqueous solution is added then in excess [2 m] A blue precipitate is formed and it dissolve in excess aqueous ammonia solution to form a dark blue solution. [2 m] 10. (a) Double decomposition reaction is a reaction involving two different salt aqueous solutions to produce an insoluble salt. [1 m] The first solution containing metal ions while the second solution containing non-metal ions for the salt. [1 m] Tindak balas penguraian ganda dua ialah tindak balas melibatkan dua larutan garam yang berlainan untuk menghasilkan garam tak larut. Larutan pertama mengandungi ion logam sementara larutan kedua mengandungi ion bukan logam bagi garam.

[3 m] b) Material: copper(II) carbonate powder, 0.5 mol dm3 nitric acid and distilled water. [1 m] Apparatus: measuring cylinder, beaker, glass rod, filter papers, filter funnel, tripod stand, retort stand Bunsen burner, and crucible. [1 m] Bahan: serbuk kuprum(II) karbonat,0.5 mol dm-3 asid nitrik dan air suling Radas: silinder penyukat, bikar, rod kaca, kertas turas, corong turas, kaki tiga, kaki retort dan penunu Bunsen, mangkuk pijar Procedure/Prosedur: 25 cm3 of nitric acid is measured s using measuring cylinder and then fi ll it into a beaker. The

beaker is then put on a tripod stand and heat it. [1 m] 25 cm3 asid nitrik disukat menggunakan silinder penyukat dan diisikan ke dalam bikar. Bikar kemudiannya diletakkan di atas kaki tiga dan dipanaskan Copper(II) carbonate powder is added little by little into the heated dilute nitric acid. [1 m] The mixture is stir using a glass rod. Stop adding when there is little copper(II) carbonate does not dissolving any more. [1 m] Serbuk kuprum(II) karbonat ditambahkan sedikit demi sedikit ke dalam asid nitrik cair yang dipanaskan. Campuran dikacau menggunakan rod kaca. Hentikan penambahan apabila sedikit kuprum(II) karbonat tidak lagi larut. Filter the resulting solution to remove the excess copper(II) carbonate. The filtrate is copper(II) sulphate solution. [1 m] Turaskan larutan yang terhasil untuk menyingkirkan lebihan kuprum(II) karbonat. Hasil turasan ialah larutan kuprum sulfat Copper(II) sulphate solution is transferred into a crucible, and then heat it until 1/3 of the initial volume for saturation. [1 m] Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat dipindahkan kepada mangkuk pijar dan dipanaskan sehingga 1/3 larutan awal penepuan The saturated solution is left to cool down until room temperature to encourage crystallisation to take place. [1 m] Larutan tepu dibiarkan sejuk sehingga suhu bilik untuk menggalakkan penghabluran berlaku The contain is filtered and rinsed with distilled water. [1 m] Kandungan dituraskan dan dibilas dengan air suling. The blue crystal, copper(II) sulphate is dried with filter paper [1 m] Hablur biru,kuprum(II) sulfat dikeringkan dengan kertas turas. Chemical equation: Persamaan kimia: Reaction between sodium carbonate solution and copper(II) chloride solution: Tindak balas antara larutan natrium karbonat dan larutan kuprum(II) klorida CuCO3 (aq) + HNO3(aq ) Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) [2 m]