Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133

Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 1

Bi1. Gii hn ca dy s
Phng php gii bi tp:
BI TP MU:
Bi 1. Cho dy (u
n
) tho mn
n
u n > vi mi n. Chng minh rng lim
n
n
u
+
= +
Gii:
lim v vay ln hn mot so dng bat k ke t mot so hang
nao o tr i. mat khac u nen ln hn mot so dng bat k ke
t mot so hang nao o.
Vay lim
n n
n
n
n n
n u
u
+
= +
>
= +
Bi 2. Cho dy s (u
n
) c
2 1
n
n
u
n
+
= . Tm lim
n
n
u
+
.
Gii:
2 1 1
Ta bien oi: 2 .
1
Vay lim 2v lim 0
n
n n
n n
n
u
n n
u u
n
+ +
+
= = +
= =
Bi 3. Bit dy s (u
n
) tho mn
2
1
n
n
u
n
+
s vi mi n. Chng minh rng lim 0
n
n
u
+
=
Gii t
2 2
1 1
. Ta co lim lim 0. Do o, co the nho hn mot so dng
tuy y ke t mot so hang nao o tr i. (1)
Mat khac, theo gia thiet ta co (2)
T (1) va (2) suy ra
n n n
n n n
n n
v v v
n n
u v v
+ +
= = =
s s
co the nho hn mot so dng tuy y ke t mot so hang
nao o tr i, ngha la lim 0
n
n
u
u =
CHNG 4. GII HN
Dng 1: Tm gii hn ca mt dy:
Phng php 1: Dng nh ngha tm gii hn ca mt dy
lim 0
n
n
u
+
= khi v ch khi |u
n
| c th nh hn mt s dng b tu ,
k t s hng no tri.

( )
lim lim 0
n n
n n
v a v a
+ +
= =
lim
n
n
u
+
= + khi v ch khi u
n
c th ln hn mt s dng ln tu
, k t mt s hng no tri.
lim lim( )
n n
n n
u u
+ +
= = +
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Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133
Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 2
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. Bit dy s (u
n
) tho mn
2
n
u n > vi mi n. Chng minh rng lim
n
n
u
+
= +
Gii:
2 2
2
V lim nen n co the ln hn mot so dng tuy y, ke t so hang nao o tr i
Mat khac, theo gia thiet vi moi n, nen cung co the ln hn mot so dng tuy
, k
n n
n
u n u
y
= +
>
e t so hang nao o tr i. Vay lim
n
u = +
Bi 2. Cho bit lim
n
n
u
+
= v
n n
v u < vi mi n. C kt lun g v gii hn v
n
.
Hng dn:
lim lim( ) lim( )
Vay lim
n n n n n
n n n
n
n
u u v u v
v
+ + +
+
= = + > = +
=
Bi 3. Cho dy s (u
n
) hi t, dy (v
n
) khng hi t. C kt lun g v s hi t ca dy
( )
n n
u v .
Hng dn: Kt lun dy
( )
n n
u v khng hi t
Tht vy:
( ) ( )
Xet day , gia s no hoi tu ngha la lim va lim .
Khi o lim lim
Vay lim lim
V lim lim
Vay( ) la hoi tu, ieu nay kho
n n n n n
n n
n n
n n
n n
n n
n n
n n
n
u v u v a u b
u v a
v a u
u b v a b
v
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
= =
+ =
=
= =
( )
ng ung.
Vay day khong hoi tu.
n n
u v
Bi 4. Cho dy (u
n
) xc nh bi:
3 2
1
n
n
u
n
+
=
+
a) Tm s n sao cho
1
3
1000
n
u <
b) Chng minh rng vi mi n > 999 th cc s hng ca dy (u
n
) u nm trong
khong (2,999;3,001).
Hng dn:
1 1
) 3 999
1 1000
1 1 1
) Khi 999 3 3 3 2, 999 3, 001
1000 1000 1000
n
n n n
a u n
n
b n u u u
= < >
+
> < < < + < <
Bi 5. Bit rng dy s (u
n
) c gii hn l 0. Gii thch v sao dy s (v
n
) vi v
n
=|u
n
|
cng c gii hn l 0. Chiu ngc li c ng khng?
Hng dn:
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Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133
Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 3
V (u ) co gii han la 0 nen co the nho hn mot so dng be tuy y, ke t so hang
nao o tr i.
Mat khac, . Do o, cung co the nho hn mot so dng be tuy y
n n
n n n n
u
v u u v = = , ke
t mot so hang nao o tr i. Vay (u ) co the nhoe hn mot so dng be tuy y, ke t mot so
hang nao o tr i. Vay (v ) cung co gii han la 0.
(Chng minh tng t
n
n
, ta co chieu ngc lai cung ung).
Bi 6. V sao dy ( )
n
u vi
( )
1
n
n
u = khng th c gii hn l 0 khi n +?
Hng dn:
V ( 1) 1, nen khong the nho hn mot so dng be tuy y, ke t mot so hang
nao o tr i. Chang han, khong the nho hn 0,5 vi moi n.
Do o, day so (u ) khong the
n
n n
n
n
u u
u
= =
co gii han la 0.
Bi 7. Cho bit dy s (u
n
) c gii hn hu hn, cn dy (v
n
) khng c gii hn hu
hn. Dy
( )
n n
u v + c th c gii hn hu hn khng?
Hng dn: Xem ni dung li gii bi 3.
Bi 8.
a) Cho hai dy (u
n
) v (v
n
). Bit
lim va vi moi n. Co ket luan g ve gii han cua day ( ) khi n + ?
n n n n
n
u v u v
+
= s
b) Tm lim vi !
n n
n
v v n
+
=
Bi 9. Bit
1
2
3
n n
u s . C kt lun g v gii hn ca dy s (u
n
)?
Bi 10. Dng nh ngha gii hn cu dy s. Chng minh:
2
3 3
3 2 2
) lim 3 ) lim
1 1
sin
) lim 0 ) lim 1
n n
n n
n n
a b
n n
n
c d n
n
+ +
+ +
+ +
= = +
+ +
= =
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Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133
Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 4
BI TP MU:
Bi 1. Tnh
3 2
3 2
3 5 1
lim
2 6 4 5
n
n n
n n n
+
+
+ + +
.
Gii:
Phng php 2: S dng cc gii hn c bit v cc nh l gii cc
bi ton tm gii hn dy.
1. Cc gii hn c bit:
* *
lim 0 ; lim 0 ; lim ; lim
lim , ; lim 0;
lim 0, 1 ; lim , 1
n n n n
k
k
n n
n n
n n
C C
C C n
n
n
C
n k N k N
n
q q q q
+ + + +
+ +
+ +
= = = = +
= + e = e
= < = + >
lim 0 lim ; lim lim 0
n n
n n n n
n n
A A
v v
v v

= = = =
2. nh l v gii hn hu hn:
( )
( )
*
Gia s lim va lim . Khi o:
1. lim
2. lim . .
3. lim , 0
4. lim (vi 0vi moi n N )
n n
n n
n n
n
n n
n
n
n
n
n n
n
u a v b
u v a b
u v a b
u a
b
v b
u a u
+ +
+
+
+
+
= =
=
=
= =
= > e
3. nh l v gii hn
*
1. Neu lim va lim th lim 0
2. Neu lim 0, lim 0va 0, th lim
3. Neu lim va lim 0 th lim
n
n n
n n n
n
n
n n n
n n n
n
n n n n
n n n
u
u a v
v
u
u a v v n
v
u v a u v
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
= = =
= > = > eN = +
= + = > = +
Nu biu thc c dng phn thc t s v mu s cha lu tha ca n
th chia t v mu cho n
k
vi k l m cao nht.
Nu biu thc cha cn thc ( dng
3 3
; A B A B ) cn nhn
mt lng lin hip a v dng c bn.
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Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133
Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 5
3 2
3
3 2
2 3
5 1
3
3 5 1 3
lim lim
6 4 5 2 2 6 4 5
2
n n
n n
n n
n n n
n n n
+ +
+
+
= =
+ + +
+ + +
Bi 2. Tnh
2
2
2 1 5
lim
1 3
n
n n
n
+
+ +

.
Gii:
2
2
2
2
1 1 5
2
2 1 5 0
lim lim 0
1 3 1 3
3
n n
n n
n n n
n
n
+ +
+ +
+ +
= = =


Bi 3. Tnh
( )
2 2
lim 7 5
n
n n
+
+ +
Gii
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
7 5 2
lim 7 5 lim lim 0
7 5 7 5
n n n
n n
n n
n n n n
+ + +
+
+ + = = =
+ + + + + +
Bi 4. Tnh
( )
2 2
lim 3
n
n n n
+
+
Gii:
( )
2 2
2 2
3 3 3
lim 3 lim lim
2
3 3
1 1
n n n
n
n n n
n n n
n
+ + +
+ = = =
+ +
+ +
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. Tnh cc gii hn sau:
( )( )( )
2 2
2
2 3
1
0 1 1
1
0 1 1
4 2
2
Tong
4 1 1 2
) lim ) lim ) lim
1 3 2 2 5
...
Tnh gii han: lim
...
Tnh gii han sau:
2 1
d) lim
q
)
uat:
2 1 3 2
n n n
m m
m m
p p
n
p p
n
n n n n
a b c n
n n n
a n a n a n a
b n b n b n b
n n
e
n n n
+ + +

+
| |

|
+ + +
\ .
+ + + +
+ + + +
+
+ +
( ) ( )
3 2
5
2 3 1
lim
1 4
n
n n
n
+
+

p s:
27
) 2 ) 0 ) ) 1 )
4
a b c d e +
Bi 1.1
( )
2
Tnh: lim 1
n
n n n
+
+ +
Gii:
( )
2
2
1 1
Tnh: lim 1 lim( ) 1
n n
n n n n
n n
+ +
| |
+ + = = |
|
\ .
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Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133
Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 6
Bi 2. Tnh cc gii hn:
4 2 2 2 2
2 2
3 3
2 7 3 1 1 3 14
) lim ) lim ) lim
2 3 1 2
2
) lim
2
n n n
n
n n n n n n
a b c
n n n n
n n
d
n
+ + +
+
+ + + +
+
+
+
p s:
3
2
) ) 3 1 ) 0 ) 2
2
a b c d
Bi 3. Tnh gii hn sau:
( )
( )
1 1 1
1
1
3 2 3 2 4.3 7
) lim ) lim ) lim
3 2 1 2 2.5 7
2 3
5 1
) lim ) lim
5 1
2 3
n n n n n
n n n n n
n n n
n
n
n
n n
n n n
a b c
d e
+ + +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+
+ + +
+
+

+
p s:
1
) 3 ) ) 7 ) )1
3
a b c d e +
Bi 4. Tnh cc gii hn sau:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
3 2 3 2
2
2 2 2
2
3 3
2 2
) lim 1 ) lim 3 2 ) lim 2
4 1 2 1
) lim ) lim ) lim 1 2
2
1
) lim 2 ) lim
2 4
n n n
n n n
n n
a n n b n n n c n n n
n n
d n n n e f n n n
n n n
g n n n h
n n
+ + +
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
p s:
7 2 1 3
) 0 ) ) ) )1 ) )3 )
2 3 2 2
a b c d e f g h
Bi 5.Tnh cc gii hn sau:
2 2
1 2 3 ... 1 2 3 ...
) lim ) lim
1
n n
n n n
a b
n n n
+ +
+ + + + + + + +
+ +
( )
2
2
2
1 1 1 1 1 ...
) lim ... ) lim vi 1, 1
1.2 2.3 3.4 ( 1) 1 ...
1 3 ... 2 1
) lim
2 1
1 1 1 1
) lim ...
1.2.3 2.3.4 3.4.5 ( 1) 2
n
n
n n
n
n
a a a
c d a b
n n b b b
n n
e
n n
f
n n n
+ +
+
+
| | + + + +
+ + + + < <
|
+ + + + +
\ .
+ + +
+ +
| |
| + + + +
|
+ +
\ .
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Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133
Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 7
( )( )
( )
2 2 2
4
*
2 3
2 2 2
) lim 1 1 ... 1
2.3 3.4 1 2
1 1 1 1
) lim ...
1.3 3.5 5.7 (2 1)(2 1)
2.1 3.2 ... 1
) lim
1 1 1
) lim ...
2 1 2 3 2 2 3 ( 1) 1
1 3 5
) lim ...
2 2 2
n
n
n
n
n
g
n n
h
n n
n n
i
n
k
n n n n
l
+
+
+
+
+
| |
| || |
|
| |
|
+ +
\ .\ .
\ .
| |
+ + + +
|
+
\ .
+ + + +
| |
+ + +
|
|
+ + + + +
\ .
+ + +
2 1
2
n
n | |
+
|
\ .
Hng dn v p s:
( )
2
2 2
2
1
2
1 2 3 ... 1
) lim lim lim
1 1
1 2 2
n n n
n
n n
n n n n n
a
n n n n
n n
+ + +
| | +
|
+ + + + +
\ .
= = =
+ + + +
+ +
b)
1
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
) Ta co: 1 ; ; ;...;
1.2 2 2.3 2 3 3.4 3 4 ( 1) 1
1 1 1 1 1
Suy ra: lim ... lim 1 1
1.2 2.3 3.4 ( 1) 1
n n
c
n n n n
n n n
+ +
= = = =
+ +
| | | |
+ + + + = =
| |
+ +
\ . \ .
d)
1
1
1
lim
1 1
1
n
b
a
S
a
b
+

= =

e)
( )
2 2
1 2 1
1 3 ... 2 1 1
2
lim lim
2 2 1 2 1
n n
n n
n
n n
S
n n n n
+ +
+
+ + +
= = =
+ + + +
f)
( )( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )( )
1 1 1 1
S dung:
2 1 2 1 1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
Vay: ...
1.2.3 2.3.4 2 2 . 1 2 1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Vay lim ... lim
1.2.3 2.3.4 3.4.5 2 2 4 ( 1) 2 1 2
n n
k k k k k k k
n n n n n
n n n n n
+ +
(
= (
+ + + + +
(

(
+ + + = (
+ + + +
(

| | (
| + + + + = = (
|
+ + + +
(
\ .
g)
( )
( )( )
( )
1 2
2
Ta thay: 1
1 1
k k
k k k k
+
=
+
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Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133
Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 8
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
2 2 2 2
Vay: 1 1 ... 1 ... 1
2.3 3.4 . 1 . 1
1 2 1 2
1.4 2.5 1 3
. ... ...
2.3 3.4 3 1 1 1
2 2 2 1
Vay lim 1 1 ... 1
2.3 3.4 3 1 2
n
k k n n
k k n n
n
n k k n n
n n
+
| | | |
| || |
| |
| |
| |
+ +
\ .\ .
\ . \ .
+ +
| | +
= =
|
+ + +
\ .
| |
| || |
| =
| |
|
+ +
\ .\ .
\ .
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
) ... 1 ...
1.3 3.5 5.7 (2 1)(2 1) 2 3 3 5 2 1 2 1
1 1 1
1 nen lim
2 2 1 2
n
n
n
h S
n n n n
S
n
+
(
= + + + + = + + +
(
+ +

(
= =
(
+

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
3 3 3 2 2 2
2
2
4 4 4
) Ta co: 2.1 3.2 ... 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 ... 1
1 1 2 1
1 2 ... 1 2 ....
2 6
1 1 2 1
1
lim lim
4 4 6
n
n
n
n n
i S n n n n
n n n n n
S n n
n n n n n
S
n n n
+ +
= + + + + = + + + + + +
(
+ + +
= + + + + + + + = + (
(

(
+ + +
(
= + =
(

( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
1 1
1 1 1
) Ta co:
1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1
...
2 1 2 3 2 2 3 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 ... 1 lim 1
2 2 3 1 1
n
n
n
n n n n
k
n n n n n n
n n n n
S
n n n n
S
n n n
+
+ +
= =
+ + + +
+ +
= + + +
+ + + + +
= + + + = =
+ +
2 3
2 2 3 3 1
1
2 1 1 1 2 1
1 3 5 2 1
) Ta co: ...
2 2 2 2
1 1 3 1 5 3 2 1 2 3 2 1
...
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1
2 2
... 1
1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1
2
1 1 1
Suy ra: 1
2 2 2
n n
n n n n n
n
n n n n n
n n
n
l S
n n n
S S
n n n
S
+

+ + +

= + + + +
| | | | | |
= + + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

= + + + + = + = +

= +
( )
2 1 3
2 1 1 2 1
3
2 2 2 2
2 2
Mat khac: . Ma lim 0 lim 0
1 1 2 2
1 1
Vay lim 3
n n n n n
n n n
n n
n
n
n n
S
n n n
n n
S
+
+ +
+

= +
= < = =

+
=
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Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133
Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 9
BI TP MU:
Tnh
2 2 2
1 2
lim ....
1 2
n
n
n n n n
+
| |
+ + +
|
+ + +
\ .
.
Gii:
Ta thy:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2
2
2
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 ... 1
....
2 1 2
1
1 2 1 2
.... ...
1 2 1 1 1
2 1
1
1 1 2
....
2 1 2
2 1
1
1
lim
2
2 1
1 2 1
lim ....
2 1 2
n
n
n n
n n n n n n
n n
n n
Va
n n n n n n n
n
n n
n
Vay
n n n n
n
n n
Ma
n
n
Vay
n n n n
+
+
+ + +
+ + + > =
+ + + +
+
+ + + s + + + =
+ + + + + +
+
+
s + + + s
+ + +
+
+
=
+
| |
+ + + =
|
+ + +
\ .
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. Tnh gii hn ca cc gii hn sau:
( )
2
2
2 2 2
1 1 3sin 4 osn sin
) lim ) lim ) lim
2 3 n+1 3n+4
1 3n
sin2 os2n
) lim ) lim
3n+1 cosn+5n
1 1 1
) lim ...
1 2
n
n n n
n
n n
n
n c n n
a b c
n
n c
d e
f
n n n n
+ + +
+ +
+
| | + +

|
\ .
+
+
| |
+ + +
|
|
+ + +
\ .
p s:
1 3
) 0 ) 0 ) )0 ) )1
3 5
a b c d e f
Bi 2. Cho 2 dy s (u
n
) v (v
n
). Chng minh rng nu lim 0 va
n n
v u v = s vi mi n
th lim 0
n
u =
Phng php 3. Dng nguyn l kp.
Cho ba dy s (u
n
), (v
n
) v (w
n
). Nu
vi moi n
n n n
u v w s s
V lim lim ( ) th lim
n n n
u w L L v L = = e = R
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Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133
Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 10
Hng dn:
lim 0 co the nho hn mot so dng be tuy y, ke t mot so hang nao o
tr i. (1)
V va vi moi n, nen vi moi n (2)
T (1) va (2) suy ra cung co
n n
n n n n n n
n
v v
u v v v u v
u
=
s s s
the nho hn mot so dng tuy y, ke t mot so hang
nao o tr i, ngha la lim 0
n
u =
p dng: Tnh gii hn ca cc dy s c s hng tng qut nh sau:
2
1 ( 1) 2 ( 1)
) ) )
! 2 1 2 11
n n
n n n
n
a u b u c u
n n n

= = =
+
) (0, 99) cos ) 5 cos
n n
n n
d u n e u n = =
p s:
) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) a b c d e +
DNG 2: Chng minh mt dy s c gii hn:
Phng php:
1. p dng nh l Vystrax:
- Nu dy s (u
n
) tng v b chn trn th n c gii hn.
- Nu dy s (u
n
) gim v b chn di th n c gii hn.
2. Chng minh mt dy s tng v b chn trn ( dy s tng v b
chn di) bi s M ta thc hin: Tnh mt vi s hng u tin
ca dy v quan st mi lin h d on chiu tng (chiu gim)
v s M.
3. Tnh gii hn ca dy s ta thc hin theo mt trong hai phng
php sau:
* Phng php 1:
t lim
n
n
u a
+
=
T
1
lim lim ( )
n n
n n
u f u
+
+ +
= ta c mt phng trnh theo n a.
Gii phng trnh tm nghim a v gii hn ca dy (u
n
) l
mt trong cc nghim ca phng rnh. Nu phng trnh c
nghim duy nht th chnh l gii hn cu dy cn tm. cn
nu phng trnh c nhiu hn mt nghim th da vo tnh
cht ca dy s loi nghim.
Ch : Gii hn ca dy s nu c l duy nht.
- Phng php 2:
Tm cng thc tng qut u
n
ca dy s bng cch d on./
Chng minh cng thc tng qut u
n
bng phng php quy
np ton hc.
Tnh gii hn ca dy thng qua cng thc tng qut .
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Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133
Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 11
BI TP MU:
Bi 1. Chng minh dy (u
n
) bi cng thc truy hi
1
1
2
2 vi n 1
n n
u
u u
+

= + >

.
Chng minh dy c gii hn, tm gii hn .
Gii:
Ta c:
1 1
2 va 2 , 0 vi n N
n n n
u u u u
+
= = + > e
Ta chng minh : 2 vi (1)
n
u n N < e
1
Vi n=1, ta co 2 2 th (1) ung
Gia s bat bat ang thc ung vi n=k th 2.
2,
k
n
u
u
Vay u n N
= <
<
< e
Chng minh dy (u
n
) tng:
2
1
1
Xet 2 2 0 1 2
Ma 0 2 nen . Vay (u ) la day tang (2)
T (1) va (2) suy ra (u ) co gii han.
n n n n n n n
n n n n
n
u u u u u u u
u u u
+
+
> + > < < <
< < >
t lim th 0 a 2
n
n
u a
+
= s s
Ta c:
1 1
2
2 lim lim 2
2 2 0 1hoac =2
V 0nen lim 0. Vay lim =2
Trong li giai tren, ta a ap dung tnh chat sau:
" Neu
Lu
l
y:
n n n n
n n
n n n
n n
u u u u
a a a a a a
u u a u
+ +
+ +
+ +
= + = +
= + = =
> = >
1
im th lim "
n n
n n
u a u a
+
+ +
= =
Bi 2. Cho dy (u
n
) bi cng thc truy hi
1
1
2
1
2
n
n
u
u
u
+
=

.
Chng minh rng dy s (u
n
) c gii hn v tm gii hn .
Gii:
Ta c :
1 2 3 4
1
1 2 3 4
; ; ; . T o ta d oan: (1)
2 3 4 5 1
Chng minh d oan tren bang quy nap:
1 1
Vi n=1, ta co: (ung)
1 1 2
Gia s ang thc (1) ung vi n=k (k 1), ngha la
1
n
k
n
u u u u u
n
u
k
u
k
= = = = =
+
= =
+
> =
+
.
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Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133
Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 12
1
*
1 1 1
Khi o ta co , ngha la ang thc (1)
2 2
2
1
cung ung vi n=k+1.
Vay , .
1
T o ta co limu lim 1
1
k
k
n
n
k
u
k u k
k
n
u n
n
n
n
+
+
= = =
+

+
= e
+
= =
+
N
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. Chng minh dy (u
n
) vi
n daucan
2 2 ... 2 2
n
u = + + + +
_
l dy hi t.
Phng php: Xt dy (u
n
) tng (hoc gim), xt (u
n
) b chn trn (hoc b chn di)
Ch : tm gii hn ca dy cho bi cng thc truy hi ta dng cc phng php.
1. Tm cng thc tng qut ( da vo phng php c nu phn kin thc
dy s).
Tnh gii hn u
n
.
2. Tm ( )
1
lim lim
n n
n n
u f u
+
+ +
= . Gii phng trnh tm lim
n
n
u a

= Tm gii hn.
Bi 2. Cho dy truy hi
1
1
0
3
( 2)
4
n
n
u
u
u n

+
= >

. Tm gii hn ca dy.
Hng dn v p s:
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
0
3 1
1
4 4
15 1
1
16 4
.
.
.
1
1
4
1
bang phng phap quy nap chng minh 1
4
1
Vay lim 1 1
4
n
n
n
n
n
n
u
u
u
u
u

+
=
| |
= =
|
\ .
| |
= =
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
(
| |
( =
|
(
\ .

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Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133
Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 13
Bi 3. Cho dy truy hi
1
1
2
1
( 2)
2

+
= >

n
n
u
u
u n
. Chng minh dy (u
n
) c gii hn, tm gii
hn .
Hng dn v p s:
Cch 1:
1
1
2 1
D oan
2 1
2 1
lim lim 1
2 1
n
n n
n
n n
n n
u
u

+ +
+
=

+
= =

Cch 2:
Chng minh dy gim v b chn di.
Gi s
1
lim , tm a
1
lim lim 1
2
lim 1
n
n
n n
n n
n
n
u a
a
u u a a
u
+

+ +
+
=
+
= = = =
=
Bi 4.
a) Cho dy truy hi
1
1
2
1
( 1)
2
+
=

+
= >

n
n
u
u
u n
. Chng minh dy (u
n
) c gii hn v tm
gii hn .
b) Cho dy (u
n
) xc nh bi:
( )
1
0 1
1
1 ( 1)
4
+
< <

> >

n
n n
u
u u n
. Chng minh dy (u
n
)
c gii hn v tm gii hn .
Hng dn v p s:
( ) ( )
*
1 1 1
) * Chng minh (u ) la day tang va b chan tren
Ta co: 0 1,
Ap dung bat ang thc coi:
1
1 2 1 2 1 ,
4
Vay ( ) la day tang va b chan tren th ( ) th d
n
n
n n n n n n
n n
b
u n N
u u u u u u n N
u u
+ + +
< < e
+ > > = > e
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1
ay co gii han
* at lim , 0
1 1 1 1 1
Taco: 1 lim 1 1 0
4 4 4 2 2
1
Vay lim
2
n
n
n n n n
n
n
n
u a a
u u u u a a a a
u
+
+ +
+
+
= >
| |
(
> > > s =
|

\ .
=
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Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133
Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 14
Bi 5. Cho dy (u
n
) xc nh bi
1 1
1 2
va 0
2
n n
n
u u u
u
+
| |
= + >
|
|
\ .
a) Chng minh rng 2 vi moi n 2
n
u > >
b) Chng minh dy (u
n
) c gii hn v tm gii hn .
Hng dn v p s:
( )
*
1 1
1
1 2
) Ta co: 0, 0,
2
dung bat ang thc Co si:
1 2 2
. 2 , 1,
2
Suy ra u 2, 2,
) Ta co: u 2, 2, nen la day b chan di
Xet
n n n
n
n n n
n n
n
n n
a u u u u n N
u
Ap
u u u n n
u u
n n N
b n n N u
+
+
| |
> = + > e
|
|
\ .
| |
= + > = > e N
|
|
\ .
> > e
> > e
2
*
1 1
2
1 1
1 2 1
u u 1 0, 2, nen u ,
2 u 2
* at lim , 2. Ta co:
2 1 2 1 2 1 2
lim lim 2
2 2 2
2
Vay
n
n n n n n n
n n
n
n
n n n n
n n
n n
u
u u n n N u n N
u
u a a
a
u u u u a a a
u u a
a
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
| | | |
= + = < > e < e
| |
| |
\ . \ .
= >

| | | |
= | |
= + = + = + =
| |
|
| |
\ . = \ . \ .

lim 2
n
n
u
+
=
Bi 6. Chng minh dy (u
n
) c cho bi cng thc
*
cos .
n
u n n = eN . Chng minh
dy khng c gii hn.
Hng dn:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
Gia s lim lim cos lim cos 2 lim cos 2 cos 0
2 lim sin 1 sin1 0 lim sin 1 0 lim sin 0
mat khac: sin 1 sin os1 cos sin1, Suy ra lim cos 0
Suy ra : lim cos
n
n n n n
n n n
n
n
u n a n a n n
n n n
n nc n n
n
+ + + +
+ + +
+
+
(
= = + = + =

+ = + = =
+ = + =
( )
2
sin 0, vo ly
Vay day so ( ) vi cos khong co gii han.
n n
n
u u n
+ =
=
Bi 7. Chng minh cc dy sau hi t:
2 2 2
2 3
1 1 1
) 1 ... ;
2 3
1 1 1
) 1 ... ;
2 3
n
n n
a n N
n
b n N
n

= + + + + e
= + + + + e
Hng dn:
a) Ta thy
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Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133
Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 15
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
Day 1 ... la day tang, ta ch can chng minh day b chan.
2 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 ... 1 ... 2 2
1.2 2.3 ( 1) 2 3
Vay day hoi tu.
n
n
n n n n
= + + + +
+ + + + < + + + + = <

b)
2 3
2 3 2 2 2
1 1 1
Day 1 ... la day tang, ta ch can chng minh day b chan.
2 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 ... 1 ... 2
2 3 2 3
Vay day b chan tren nen hoi tu.
n n
n n
n
n n

= + + + +
= + + + + s + + + + <
BI TP MU:
Bi 1. Vit s thp phn m=0,030303...( chu k 03) di dng s hu t.
Gii:
3
3 3 3 3 1 100
100
3 ... 3 3 3
1 100 10000 99 33 33 100
1
100
n
m = + + + + = + = + = + =

Bi 2. Tnh tng
1 1
2 2 1 ...
2 2
S = + +
Gii:
Xt dy: 2,- 2 ,1,
1
2
,... l cp s nhn
( )
2
2 1 1
; 1
2 2
2
q q

= = = <
Vy
2 2 2
4 2 2
1
2 1
1
2
S = = =
+
+
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. Hy vit s thp phn v hn tun hon sau di dng mt phn s.
34,1212... = (chu k 12).
Dng 4: S dng cng thc tnh tng ca mt cp s nhn li v hn, tm
gii hn, biu th mt s thp phn v hn tun hon thnh phn s.
Phng php: Cp s nhn li v hn l cp s nhn v hn v c cng bi l
|q|<1.
Tng cc s hng ca mt cp s nhn li v hn (u
n
)
1
1 2
... ...
1
n
u
S u u u
q
= + + + + =

Mi s thp phn u c biu din di dng lu tha ca 10

3 1 2
1 2 3 2 3
, ... ... ... ...
10 10 10 10
n
n n
a a a a
X N a a a a N = = + + + + + +
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Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133
Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 16
p s:
1134
33
=
Bi 2. Tnh tng ca cp s nhn li v hn:
1
1 1 1 2 1 1 1
) 1 ... ... ) ...
4 16 4 2 1 2 2 2
n
a S b S

+
= + + + + + = + + +

Hng dn :
a)
1 4
;
4 3
q S = = b)
2 2
; 4 3 2
2
q S

= = +
Bi 3. Tm s hng tng qut ca cp s nhn li v hn c tng S=3 v cng bi
2
3
q = . p s: Cp s nhn li v hn l: 1;
1
2 4 2
; ;...
3 9 3
n
| |
|
\ .
Bi 4. Tm cp s nhn li v hn, bit tng S=6. Tnh hai s hng u
1 2
1
4
2
u u + =
Hng dn:
( )
( )
1
1
1
1 1
6 6 1
1 1
1
2
1 1 4
4
2
2
u
S u q
q
q
u q
u u q

= = =

=

+ =

+ =

Bi 5. Gii phng trnh sau: ( )

2 3 4 5
13
2 1 ... 1 ...
6
n
n
x x x x x x + + + + + + = vi
1 x <
Hng dn: Dy s ( )
2 3 4 5
, , , ,..., 1 ...
n
n
x x x x x l mt cp s nhn vi cng bi
q x = . S:
1 7
;
2 9
x x = =
Bi 6.
a) Tnh tng ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 1
1 0,9 0,9 0,9 .... 0,9 ...
n
S

= + + + + + +
b) Cho 0 .
4

< < Tnh tng

2 3
1 tan tan tan ... S = + +
c) Vit s thp phn v hn tin hon sau di dng phn s hu t
a = 0,272727...... b = 0,999999999...........
d) Cho dy { }
2 3
sin sin sin ... sin
n
n
b = + + + + vi
2
k

= + . Tm gii hn
dy b
n
.
Hng dn:
a)
1
10
1 0,9
S = =

b)
1
1 tan
S

=
+
c)
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Phng php gii bi tp gii hn dy s 01234332133
Trn nh C - Trng THPT Phong in 17
2 3 4
3 2 1 2 4
2 2
2 7 2 7
0 ...
10 10 10 10
2 2 2 7 7
... ... ....
10 10 10 10 10
1 1
3
10 10
2 7
1 1
11
1 1
10 10
9 1
. 1
1
10
1
10
n
a
b

= + + + + +
= + + + + + + +
= + =

= =

d)
sin
lim
1 sin
n
b

Bi 9. Tnh

+ + +

so hang
... ...
lim
10
n
n
n
a aa aaa a
Hng dn:
Ta c:

( )
so hang
so hang
so hang
10 1 100 1 10 1
... .. 1 11 ... 111..1 ...
9 9 9
10 10 1 9
81
... .. 10 10 1 9 10
Vay lim
81 81 10 10
n
n
n
n
n
n
n n
n
a aa aaa a a a
n
a
a aa aaa a a n a
+
| |
| |

|
+ + + = + + + = + + +
|
|
\ .
\ .

=
| |
+ + +
= =
|
\ .

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