Đ Án T LM35

N MN HC 1 GVHD:NGUYN DUY THO
SVTH:NGUYN TRUNG SU TRANG 1

MC LC

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN .............................................................
LI CM N ................................................................................................................. 6
NHIM V CA TI ............................................................................................. 7
CHNG 1: DN NHP
1.1 L DO CHN TI ............................................................................................. 8
1.2 GII HN TI .................................................................................................... 8
CHNG 2. C S L LUN
2.1.L THUYT MCH CHUYN I TNG T S ....................................... 9
2.1.1 TNG QUAN V CHUYN I ADC ................................................................ 9
2.1.1.1 Khi nim ............................................................................................................. 9
2.1.1.2 S khi 9
2.1.1.3 .Kho st quan h ng vo v ng ra .................................................................... 8
2.1.2 K THUT BIN I ADC .............................................................................. 10
2.1.2.1 Nguyn tc mch chuyn i ADC ................................................................... 10
2.1.2.2 Mch ly mu v gi ......................................................................................... 11
2.1.2.3 c tnh k thut................................................................................................ 11
2.1.2.4 Cc phng php chuyn i ............................................................................ 12
2.2 CC LINH KIN S DNG TRONG TI
2.2.1 LM35 .................................................................................................................... 19
2.2.2 ADC 0809 ............................................................................................................. 20
2.2.3 EPPROM 2864 ..................................................................................................... 25
2.2.4 74LS247 ................................................................................................................ 27
2.2.5 IC cng o Schmitt trigger 74HC14 .................................................................. 30



2.2.6 IC cng AND 74LS08 ........................................................................................ 32
2.2.7 IC cng OR 74LS32 ............................................................................................ 33
2.2.8 IC 7805 ................................................................................................................. 34
2.2.9 IC LM555 ............................................................................................................ 36
2.2.10 Led 7 on ......................................................................................................... 38
CHNG III: THIT K V M PHNG
3.1 THIT K PHN CNG ....................................................................................... 40
3.1.1 S KHI ....................................................................................................... 40
3.1.2 CC KHI V CHC NNG ............................................................................ 41
3.1.2.1 Khi ngun ......................................................................................................... 41
3.1.2.2 Khi to xung Clock .......................................................................................... 41
3.1.2.3 Khi to xung Start.ALE ................................................................................... 42
3.1.2.4 Khi o nhit v chuyn i ......................................................................... 43
3.1.2.5 Khi gii m v hin th ..................................................................................... 44
3.2 S KHI TON MCH ................................................................................. 46
3.3 S MCH IN 47
CHNG IV. KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN
4.1 KT LUN - KT QU T C .................................................................... 48
4.2 HNG PHT TRIN ........................................................................................... 48
PH LC V TI LIU THAM KHO



LI CM N

Sau hn hai thng thc hin, tp n c hon thnh. C c kt qu ngoi
s n lc ca bn thn ngi lm n cn c s hng dn tn tnh ca thy hng dn
v cc thy c trong khoa in in T cng ton th cc bn sinh vin trong lp, trong
khoa.
Em xin trn trng cm n qu thy c trong khoa in in T, nhng ngi tn
tnh ging dy v truyn t nhng kin thc qu bu cho chng em .
Xin chn thnh cm n thy Trng Ngc Anh tn tnh hng dn, ch bo, ng
gp nhng kin qu bu em hon thnh tt n ny.
Cui cng xin gi li cm n n cc bn sinh vin cng trao i kin thc v gip
ti trong sut qu trnh hc tp, c bit l trong qu trnh lm n ny.
Sinh vin thc hin

Nguyn Trung Su



NHIM V CA TI
- Nghin cu l thuyt ADC (analog digital convert)
- Thit k mch o nhit dng cm bin LM35 o nhit kt hp ADC 0809
chuyn i o t 0
o
C n 150
o
C
- Dng EEPROM 2864 v IC 74247 gii m hin th.
- Hin th ra led 7 on
- Xo s 0 v ngha
- Hin th s 1 c nh khi nhit ln hn 100
o
C



CHNG 1: DN NHP
1.1 L DO CHN TI
X hi loi ngi lun tn ti, vn ng v pht trin gn lin vi x hi t
nhin.Cc yu t t nhin nh nhit , m, p sut .v.v. nh hng trc tip ti
i sng sinh hot cng nh sn sut ca con ngi.Vic o c cc yu t t
nhin ny c ngha rt quan trng,t gip con ngi c th kim sot, tc
ng c ti t nhin v a ra nhng bin php ci to t nhin theo hng c
li cho i sng ca con ngi.
Ngy nay vi s tin b ca Khoa hc k thut vic o lng cc yu t trong
t nhin c th c thc hin mt cch d dng.Tuy nhin hin nay vic truyn
t tn hiu cng nh qu trnh iu khin v ch th phn ln c thc hin theo
phng php s.Trong khi cc tn hiu t nhin nh: nhit , m, nh sng,
tn hiu m thanh, p sut u dng tng t. kt ni gia ngun tn hiu
tng t vi cc h thng x l s ngi ta dng cc mch chuyn i tng t
sang s (ADC) nhm bin i tn hiu sang s.
Nhn thy tm quan trng ca vic nghin cu l thuyt v ng dng ADC
nn em quyt nh la chn ti n mn hc 1 ca mnh l: Thit k mch
o nhit dng ADC 0809
1.2 GII HN TI
Do thi gian c hn, nng lc c hn, ngoi ng cn hn ch, trong phm vi ti
ny em ch tp trung thc hin nhng ni dung sau:
1) Nghin cu l thuyt ADC
2) Thit k phn cng cho mch o nhit dng ADC 0809 t 0
o
C n 150
o
C
3) Thi cng mch o nhit dng ADC 0809



CHNG 2: C S L LUN
2.1 L THUYT MCH CHUYN I TNG T - S (ADC)
2.1.1 TNG QUAN V CHUYN I ADC
2.1.1.1 Khi nim
ADC l vit tt ca Analog Digital Convertor : L b chuyn i tn hiu tng t
thnh tn hiu s. Tn hiu ng vo tng t c gi tr V
A
thnh chui s nh phn n bit.
2.1.1.2 S khi
C
K
V
REF
D
0

D
1

V D
n-1

Hnh 2.1: S khi
C
K
: Chui xung ng h c tn s xc nh.
V
REF
: in th tham chiu phc v cho vic chuyn i.
2.1.1.3 Kho st quan h gia ng vo v ng ra
Gi s ta c quan h gia ng vo v ng ra ca 1 mch ADC nh sau:

V
A
(V) D
2
D
1
D
0

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

Bng 2.1: Bng trng thi Hnh 2.2: Biu dng sng vo ra ADC

ADC
D
OUT

111
110
101
100
011
010
001

000
1 2
3
4 5 6 7 V
A
(Vol)
ng trung bnh


Nhn thy rng ng trung bnh khng i qua gc ta . Nh vy khi in p ng vo
bin thin t 0 0.99999V m m s ng ra vn l 000.
Nu cng thm vo V
A
mt in th c gi tr l -0.5V tc -1/2 LBS lc ny ng trung
bnh s i qua gc ta v s chuyn i nh sau:
V
A
(Vol) D
2
D
1
D
0

-0.50.5
0.51.5
1.52.5
2.53.5
3.54.5
4.55.5
5.56.5
6.57.5
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

Bng 2.2: Thng s chuyn i ca ADC sau khi cng vo 1 in th -0.5V
Nh vy chnh xc s cao hn, sai s gim i .
2.1.2 K THUT BIN I ADC
Bin i Analog-Digital l thnh phn cn thit trong vic x l thng tin v cc chc
nng iu khin s dng phng php s, tn hiu thc t th dng Analog. Mt h
thng tip nhn d liu giao tip A/D chuyn i tn hiu tng t sang tn hiu s
x l.
2.1.2.1 Nguyn tc mch chuyn i ADC
Bin i ADC (Analog Digital Convertor) c b phn chnh l mch so snh:

in p mu V
R

Hnh 2.3: S khi tng qut mch ADC
So
snh
V
a
in p
tng t

Mch
to m
s
M s ra



Do nhim v ca mch to tham s v mch iu khin logic l th mt b h s nh
phn a
i
sao cho hiu s in p vo cha bit V
a
v tr nguyn lng t ha sau cng nh hn
1 LSB.

+ 1/2 LSB

- 1/2 USB

Hnh 2.4 : Chuyn i in p tng t lin tc sang m nh phn ri rc

1
1
( .2 )
2
n
i i
A FS
i
V V a LBS
=
<

S khc nhau gia cc mch chuyn i l cch thc thay i in p mu V
R
xc
nh h s nh phn a
i
.
in p tng t cha bit l V
a
v in p chun l V
R
c ni hai ng vo ca
mch so snh .Khi V
R
tng t 0 n in p tng t vo vi gi tr bng sai s lng t ho,
lc mch to m s ra c gi tr tng ng vi in p vo cha bit.
2.1.2.2: Mh i Sp n Ho SH)
hi ni trc tip in th tng t vi u vo ca ADC, nu in th tng t bin
thin trong qu trnh chuyn i mch in s lm vic sai, m s ng ra khng tng ng
vi in p ng vo. Ngi ta s dng mch ly mu v gi duy tr in th tng t ng
vo khng i trong sut thi gian thc hin vic chuyn i.
t mch ly mu v gi c th thc hin nh hnh v sau:



Hnh 2.5: S mch ly mu v gi
Hot ng ca mch nh sau:
+ A
1
l mch khuch i m c tr khng ng vo cao, tr khng ng ra thp nhm to
iu kin np nhanh cho t C
h
.
Ti thi im t
1
khi xung ly mu tc ng t C
h
nhanh chng t n gi tr V
A.
hi xung ly mu chm dt t C
h
duy tr in p V
A
(t
1
ti ng ra cung cp cho mch
ADC.
2.1.2.3: tnh tht h ADC
hnh t nh o n t ho

1 2
2
1
2
1
. .
.
2 2

2
t
A R
A
A R n n
R
c
n
c
V t V t
V t N N
V V
V t
N
t
f
f
=
= = =
=
=

N l s m sau cng.
in p tng t lin tc c chia thnh 2
n
khong gin on. mch i n bit.Cc tr
tng t cng mt khong c biu th cng mt m s nh phn. Do c mt
chnh xc bt nh
1
2
LBS bn cnh cc sai s chuyn i khc. Trong mch tn hiu
dc n sai s ny thng c pht biu nh
1
2
LBS mt s m.
hnh
Ng vo
tng t
tng t
A
1
tng t
t
1
tng t
C
h
tng
t
A
2
V
A
(t
1
)
tng t
n ng
vo ADC
tng t


chnh xc tuyt i l s sai bit gia l thuyt v tr thc t ca in p tng t
vo cho mt m nh phn. V mt m s ra tng ng vi mt khong hp ca in p
tng t vo nn in p tng t vo nh ngha trn c xem nh l im gia
khong.
Sai s tuyt i gm: sai s v li,v khng, phi tuyn v do nhiu.
chnh xc tng i ging nh chnh xc tuyt i nh nh ngha trong tr trn
khung c ly chun v cc im ri trn c tnh chuyn l thuyt nm trn mt
ng thng nn chnh xc tng i cng chnh l phi tuyn.
Thi in t hn i
Thi gian chuyn i : thi gian chuyn i cn cho mt ln chuyn i hon ton.
i vi phn ln mch i, thi gian ny gi l nghch o ca tc chuyn i, nu
khng c thm cc tr hon ca h thng.Tuy nhin trong mch chuyn i c tc cao
th ln i mi c lch bt u trc khi ln i trc kt thc nn thi gian i v tc
i l khc nhau.
Chnh hn i
im khng ca mch i ADC c chnh sao cho s chuyn tip t cc bit u bng
0 ln LSB xy ra 1/2.2
-n
tr trn khung danh nh. li c chnh cho chuyn tip
cui cng ln cc bit u bng 1 xy ra trn khung 1-3/2.2
-n
).
im 0 ca mch chuyn i ADC lng cc c chnh so cho chuyn tip u trn
xy ra ton khung (1-2
-n
v chuyn tip cui xy ra 0 trn khung 1-3.2
-n
).
2.1.2.4: C phn php hn i AD
Mh ADC n in th th hi n thn (Ramp.ADC)



DAC
B
m
nh
phn
FF-D FF-D FF-D
To mc
logic
V
COMP

So snh
+
-
CK
D
0
Q
0

Q
1

Q
n-1

D
0
D
1
D
n-1

Khi u
Kt thc
V
A

V
A

Trng thi
gi nguyn
D
n-1

D
1

Hnh 2.6 ADC vi in th tham chiu nc thang.
Nguyn l hot ng:
Trc t
1
l thi im xung iu khin mc thp trng thi cn bng ca mch
nh sau:
- Xung C
k
b

kho.
- B m b xo v 0.
- Ng ra ca ADC c V
A
= 0
- V
COMP
= +V
CC
- Ng ra ca mch to mc logic trng thi 1.
Ti t
1
l thi im xung iu khin t 0 ln 1Start Cng AND cho xung C
k
i
qua kch b m lm vic = cc ng ra Q
0
, Q
1
, Q
n-1
c gi tr tng dn theo tc
xung C
k
. Cc ng ra Q
0
, Q
1
, Q
n-1
thng qua DAC lm cho V
A
v khi V
A

ln hn V
A
=> V
COMP
= -V
CC
=> ng ra mch to mc logic tr v 0 ng cng
AND = b m ngng lm vic dng li gi nguyn trng thi.
Ti thi im t
2
l thi im m xung Start t cao xung thp = b m bi xo.
Lc ny cc FF-D xut d liu chuyn i c ra ngoi.
Nh vy khi in p ng vo cng cao, tc ca xung m l khng i th thi
gian ngng V
A
t ngng V
A
cng chm c ngha m s ra c tr s cng
ln.


To mc
logic

DAC
Thanh
ghi iu
khin
B m ra
Logic iu khin
B so snh C
K

Start EOC
V
COMP

V
A

D
0

D
1

D
n-1

Q
0

Q
1

Q
n-1

+
-
Mh ADC n n lin tip SAC
i vi mch SAC c im khc vi ADC dng din th tham chiu bc thang l SAC
khng s dng b m cung cp ng vo cho DAC, thay vo li dng thanh ghi. Logic
iu khin sa i ni dung da trn thanh ghi theo tng bit mt, cho n khi d liu
thanh ghi bin thnh gi tr s tng ng vi ng vo tng t V
A
trong phm vi
phn gii ca b chuyn i

D
0
D
1
D
n-1

Hnh 2.7: Chuyn i ADC gn ng ly lin tip
Nguyn l hot ng
Hot ng ban u vi logic iu khin xo mi bit trn thanh ghi v 0, sao cho:
Q
0
= Q
1
= . = Q
n
= 0 hay Q = 0,ti ng ra ca DAC l V
A0
= 0V
=> V
A0
< V
A
=> u ra ti b so snh V
COMP
= +V
CC
vo mch to mc logic
a ng ra ln mc logic 0 a ti logic iu khin.
n bc k tip logic iu khin t thanh ghi c MSB = Q
n-1
= 1 cc bit cn
li bng 0 tc l S: Q]=1000... S ny c a ti ng vo s ca DAC =
Ng ra ca DAC c V
Ax
= V
A1
c th xy ra mt trong hai trng hp sau:


Nu V
A1
> V
A
th ng ra mch logic xung thp = Logic iu khin xo
Nu V
A1
< V
A
th ng ra mch logic vn gi mc 1 = Logic iu khin duy
tr MSB = 1
Tip n logic iu khin x l bt k tip Q
n-2
= 0, tc l Q = 100S ny c
a vo ng vo s ca DAC = ng ra ca DAC c V
Ax
= V
A2
v cng c th xy ra
mt trong hai trng hp sau:
Nu V
A2
> V
A
th ng ra mch logic xung thp =Logic iu khin xo Q
n-2
= 1 v 0
Nu V
A1
< V
A
th ng ra mch logic vn gi mc 1 = Logic iu khin duy tr
Q
n-2
= 1
Cui cng logic iu khin x l bit LSB = Q
0
= 1, tc l Q = ...1 tng t
ny V
An
> V
A
th ng ra mch logic xung thp =Logic iu khin xo Q
0
= 1 v 0
Nu V
A1
< V
A
th ng ra mch logic vn gi mc 1= Logic iu khin duy tr Q
0
= 1.
Qu trnh chuyn i kt thc.


Mh ADC hn i on on (FLASH ADC)

Hnh 2.8: FLASH-ADC
V
A
C
1
C
2
C
3
C
4
C
5
C
6
C
7
I
1
I
2
I
3
I
4
I
5
I
6
I
7
D
2
D
1
D
0

V
A
< V
1
V
1
< V
A
< 2V
1
2V
1
< V
A
< 3V
1
3V
1
< V
A
< 4V
1
4V
1
< V
A
< 5V
1
5V
1
< V
A
< 6V
1
6V
1
< V
A
< 7V
1
7V
1
< V
A

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
v
cc
0 0 0 0 0 0
v
cc
v
cc
0 0 0 0 0
v
cc
v
cc
v
cc
0 0 0 0
v
cc
v
cc
v
cc
v
cc
0 0 0
v
cc
v
cc
v
cc
v
cc
v
cc
0 0
v
cc
v
cc
v
cc
v
cc
v
cc
v
cc
0
v
cc
v
cc
v
cc
v
cc
v
cc
v
cc
v
cc

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
Bng 2.3: Bng trng thi
Quan h ng vo ng ra:
Mch m ho u tin tc c ng vo l I
1,
I
2,
I
3..
I
7.
Mc u tin theo th t tng
dn t I
1
I
7
Ta c hm ng ra :
VCC
C
7

C
6

C
5

C
4

C
3

C
2

C
1

To mc 1-0
To mc 1-0
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
7V
1
6V
1
5V
1
4V
1
3V
1
2V
1
I
7

V
A
V
1
I
1

D
2

D
1

D
0

M
HO
U
TIN
8
SANG
3


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 3 4 6
I I I I I
I I
2 I4
D I I
D I I I
D
= + + +
= + +
=

ng vi mi mc in p V
A
ng vo tng t nm trong gii hn no ta c mt
trng thi ng ra s. Vi 2V
1
< V
A
< 3V
1
ta nhn thy rng C
1
= C
2
= 0 nhng do mch
m ho c mc u tin theo th t tng dn t C
1
n C
7
nn mch m ho ch p
ng mc thp C
2
= 0. Nh vy t hm ng ra trn ta c trng thi ng ra s tng
ng l D
2
D
1
D
0
= 010.
FLASH- ADC l ADC tc cao nht, nhng i hi s mch phc tp hn cc
loi khc. V d ADC 6 bit i hi 63 b so snh tng ng 64 in tr, ADC 8 bit i
hi 255 b so snh tng t v 256 in tr, ADC 10 bit i hi 1023 b so snh v 1024
in tr .Ni chung th ADC nhanh n bit cn 2
n
- 1 b so snh tng t v 2
n
in tr.
2.2 GII THIU CC LINH KIN S DNG TRONG TI
Mch o nhit l s kt hp gia ADC v IC cm bin nhit LM35.Ngoi ra
trong mch cn s dng cc IC s khc h tr cho cc chc nng khc nh to xung,hin
th .v.v.
2.2.1 Cm bin nhit LM35 (Precision Celsius Temperature Sensor)
Cm bin LM35 l cm bin nhit ,khi nhit c s thay i th ng ra V
out
ca n
s c gi tr in p tng ng. T gi tr in p ta dng lm tn hiu ng vo ADC 0809,
s dng chc nng chuyn i A/D ta s c 1 tn hiu tng ng c bin i.Dng tn
hiu ny chuyn i hin th ra led t ta c th thy c gi tr nhit m ta cn o.

Hnh 2.9 Cm bin nhit LM35


Cc tham s:
Cm bin nhit trong khong t -55
o
C n 150
o
C
Ng ra tng thch TTL
nhy 10mV/
o
C
C 2 dng kt ni:
Dang 1:

Hnh 2.10: Cm bin nhit Fahernheit s dng ngun n

- Cm bin p ng ng vo t 2
o
C n 150
o
C
- Ng ra thay i 10mV/
o
C
Dng 2:

Hnh 2.11: Cm bin nhit Fahernheit s dng ngun i
- R1 = V
S
/50 A
- V
OUT
= +1,500 mV at +150
o
C
= +250 mV at +25
o
C
= - 550 mV at 55
o
C
- Cm bin p ng ng vo t -55
o
C n 150
o
C
- in tr R1 c chn: R
1
= - Vs/50 A
- Ng ra thay i 10mV/
o
C
2.2.2 ADC 0809


- B ADC 0809 l mt thit b CMOS tch hp vi mt b chuyn i t tng t sang
8 bit , b chn 8 knh v mt b logic iu khin tng thch. B chuyn i AD 8 bit
ny dng phng php chuyn i xp x lin tc. B chn knh c th truy xut bt k
knh no trong cc ng vo tng t mt cch c lp.
- Thit b ny loi tr kh nng cn thit iu chnh im 0 bn ngoi kh nng iu
chnh t s lm trn ADC 0809 d dng giao tip vi cc b vi x l.
S chn ADC 0809

Hnh 2.12: S chn ADC 0809
b) nh hn
- IN
0
n IN
7
: 8 ng vo tng t
.
- A,B,C : gii m chn mt trong 8 ng vo.
- 2
-1
n 2
-8
: ng ra song song 8 bit.
- ALE :cho php cht a ch.
- START : xung bt u chuyn i.
- CLK : xung ng h.
- REF : in th tham chiu dng.
- REF : in th tham chiu m.
- VCC : ngun cung cp.
- GND : Mass
- OE : cho php xut d liu
ADC0809
28 27 27 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15
15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
14

IN
2
IN
1
IN
0
A B C ALE 2
-1
2
-2
2
-3
2
-4
2
-8
VREF- 2
-6

START IN
3
IN
4
IN
5
IN
6
IN
7

EOC 2
-5
OE CLK VCC VREF+ GND 2
-7

D1


- EOC : bo hiu qu trnh chuyn i xong.
S khi

Hnh 2.13: S khi ADC 0809
d) C im ca ADC 0809
- phn gii 8 bit.
- Tng sai s cha chnh nh c 1/2LSB;1LSB.
- Thi gian chuyn i 100s tn s 640 kHz.
- Ngun cung cp + 5V.
- in p g vo 0 5V.
- Tn s xung clock 10kHz 1280 kHz.
- Nhit hot ng 40
o
C n 85
o
C.
- D dng giao tip vi cc b vi x l.
- Khng cn iu chnh zero hay ton thang.
- Multiplex 8 knh vi a ch logic.


- Ng ra ph hp vi mc in p TTL.
- Cng sut 15mW.
e) Nguyn l hot ng
ADC 0809 c 8 ng vo tng t,8 ng ra,8 bit c th chn c th chn mt trong 8
ng vo tng t chuyn i sang s 8 bit.
Cc ng vo c chn bng cch gii m.Chn 1 trong 8 ng vo tng t c
thc hin nh 3 chn ADD
A
,ADD
B
,ADD
C
nh bng trng thi sau:
A2 A1 A0 Ng vo
tng t
0 0 0 IN0
0 0 1 IN1
0 1 0 IN2
0 1 1 IN3
1 0 0 IN4
1 0 1 IN5
1 1 0 IN6
1 1 1 IN7

Bng 2.4: Bng trng thi la chn ng vo ADC
Sau khi kch xung start th b chuyn i bt u hot ng cnh xung ca xung
start, ng ra EOC s xung mc thp sau khong 8 xung clock (tnh t cnh xung ca
xung start.Lc ny bit c trng s ln nht SB c t ln mc 1, tt c cc bit cn
li mc 0, ng thi to ra in th c gi tr Vref/2, in th ny c so snh vi in
th vo in.
- Nu Vin > V
ref
/2 th bit MSB vn mc 1.
- Nu Vin < V
ref
/2 th bit MSB vn mc 0.
Tng t nh vy bit k tip SB c t ln 1 v to ra in th c gi tr V
ref
/4 v
cng so snh vi in th ng vo Vin. Qu trnh c tip tc cho n khi xc nh c
bt cui cng. hi chn EOC ln mc 1 bo cho bit kt thc chuyn i.
Trong sut qu trnh chuyn i chn OE c t mc 1 ,mun c d liu ra chn
OE xung mc 0.
Trong sut qu trnh chuyn i nu c 1 xung start tc ng th ADC s ngng chuyn
i.
M ra N cho mt ng vo tu l mt s nguyn.


Trong Vin : in p ng vo h so snh.
Vref : in p ti chn REF(+).
Vref(-) : in p ti chn REF(-).
Nu chn Vref(-) =0 th N = 256

Vref( = Vcc = 5V th y thang l 256
Gi tr bc nh nht
1 LSB = 5/(2
8
1) = 0.0196 V/byte
Vy vi 256 bc Vin = 5V .
p vo ln nht ca ADC 0809 l 5V.
f) Bi thi gian ca ADC 0809.

Hnh 2.14: Biu thi gian ca ADC 0809



g) Gii thut c ADC

s

Hnh 2.15: Gii thut c ADC
2.2.3 EEPROM 2864
EEPROM c cng th ni ( nh trong EEPROM l nhng transistor MOS vi cng
silic khng c mi ni in) c s dng rt thun tin khi thit k cc h thng s c
bit trong k thut vi x l. EEPRO c thit k vi cc nh c th xo v vit li
c.EEPRO c xo bng xung in. EEPRO 2864 c dung lng 8 Kbyte, c 8
ng ra song song.
a) S chn
Bt u
Xut tn hiu chn knh
Xut tn hiu ALE
Xut tn hiu START
EOC = 1?
Xut tn hiu START
Xut tn hiu OE
c d liu s
Kt thc



Hnh 2.16: S chn EEPROM
nh hn
- A0, A1, A12: u vo cc a ch.
- I/O0, I/O1,I/O7: data input (write or erase) /data output (read) ng vo d liu khi
vit hoc xo, ng ra d liu khi c.
- OE : ng ra cho php c d liu (output enable)
- CE : chn la chn chip (chip enable)
- WE: chn cho php vit (written enable).
- RDY/BUSY : device ready/ busy
- NC : no connect ( khng c kt ni)
- Vcc : ngun cung cp
- GND: mass


S khi EEPROM

Hnh 2.17: S khi EEPROM
d) Bng trng thi ca EEPROM

Bng 2.5: Bng trng thi ca EEPROM
2.2.4 IC 74LS247
Mch gii m l mch c chc nng ngc li vi mch m ho. Mc ch s dng ph
bin nht ca mch gii m l lm sng t cc n hin th kt qu dng ch s. Do
c nhiu loi n hin th v c nhiu loi m s khc nhau nn c nhiu mch gii m
khc nhau, v d: Gii m 4 ng sang 10 ng, gii m BCD sang thp
phnIC74LS47 l loi IC gii m BCD sang led 7 on. Mch gii m BCD sang led 7
on l mch gii m phc tp v mch phi cho nhiu ng ra ln cao hoc xung thp
( tu vo loi n led l anod chung hay catod chung lm cc n cn thit sng thnh
cc s hoc k t. IC 74LS47 l loi IC tc ng mc thp c ng ra cc thu h v
kh nng nhn dng cao thc trc tip cc n led 7 on loi anod chung.


a) S chn IC 74LS247

Hnh 2.18: S chn IC 74LS247

b) nh hn
- A
0
,A
1
,A
2
,A
3
: D liu BCD vo.
- a,b,g : Ng ra d liu.
- BI/RBO : BI : Ng vo xo (Blanking input)
RBO: Ng ra xo dn 24hem xung thp (Ripple blanking output).
- LT/ : Ng vo th n Lamp-test).
- RBI : Ng vo xo dn sng ( Ripple blanking input).
- Vcc : Ngun cung cp.
- GND : Mass.



c) Bng s tht.

Bng 2.6: Bng s tht IC 74LS247
d) S khi

Hnh 2.19: S khi IC 74LS247


2.2.5 IC CNG O SCHMITTTRIGGER 74HC14
S chn

Hnh 2.20: S chn 74HC14
nh hn
- 1A,2A,3A,4A.5A.6A : Ng vo d liu
- 1Y.2Y,3Y,4Y,5Y,6Y : Ng ra d liu
- Vcc : Ngun cung cp
- GND : Mass
c) Bng trng thi
INPUT OUTPUT
nA nY
L H
H L

Bng 2.7: Bng trng thi IC 74LS14
Note:
H : HIGH voltage level


L : LOW voltage level
d) c tnh chuyn i dng sng (Transfer characteristic waveforms).
Khi tn hiu ng vo c chuyn tip chm t thp ln cao hoc t cao xung
thp,tn hiu ra cng logic thng c th thng b rung nhiu ln trc khi i
trng thi logic,cn tn hiu ra cng loi mch ny Schmitt thay i trng th dt
khot khin dng sng ra vung vc. mch ny Schmitt khi tn hiu vo tng t
thp ln cao th n ngng cao V
T+
(cn gi ngng cnh ln) ng ra mi i
trng thi,khi tn hiu vo gim t cao xung th n ngng thp V
T-
(cn gi l
ngng cnh xung ) ng ra mi i trng thi.

Hnh 2.21: Quan h V
T+,
V
T
v V
H

V
T+
v V
T
c gii hn gia 20% v 70%.
Sai bit gia V
T+
v V
T-
c gi l tr (Hysteresis) ca mch ny
Schmitt.Chnh nh tr ny m mch Schmitt c kh nng gim thiu nh hng
ca nhiu.

Hnh 2.22: c tnh chuyn i


e) Cch kt ni IC 74HC14 trong mch to io ng

Hnh 2.23: Cch kt ni IC 74HC14 trong mch to giao ng
74HC14 : f =

74HCT14: f =

2.2.6 IC cng AND 74LS08
S chn

Hnh 2.23: S chn IC cng AND 74LS08
nh hn
- 1A,1B,2A,2B,3A3B 4A,4B : Ng vo d liu
- 1Y,2Y,3Y,4Y : : Ng ra d liu
- GND : Mass
c) Bng trng thi


Phng trnh : Y =A.B
INPUT OUTPUT
A B Y
L L L
L H L
H L L
H H H

Bng 2.8: Bng trng thi IC cng AND 74LS08
Ch H : HIGH voltage level
2.2.7 IC cng OR 7432
S chn

Hnh 2.24: S chn IC cng OR 74LS32
b) nh hn
- 1A,1B,2A,2B,3A3B 4A,4B : Ng vo d liu
- 1Y,2Y,3Y,4Y : : Ng ra d liu
- GND : Mass
c) Bng trng thi



Phng trnh: Y= A+B
INPUT OUTPUT
A B Y
L L L
L H H
H L H
H H H

Bng 2.9: Bng trng thi IC cng OR 74LS32
Ch : H : HIGH voltage level
2.2.8 IC 7805
S chn

Hnh 2.25: S chn IC 7805
b) nh hn
Input voltage : ng vo in p (ngun)
Output voltage : ng ra in p (5V)
c) Tnh nn
Dng in ng ra 1A
Cc mc in p ng ra: 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V
Bo v qu ti nhit


Bo v ngn mch
u ra Transistor iu hnh khu vc bo v an ton
d) S khi

Hnh 2.26: S khi IC 7805
e) im v in ca KA7805 (Electrical Characteristics (KA7805/KA7805R))

Bng 2.10: c im v in ca KA7805


f) S kt ni 7805 vi ngun in

Hnh 2.27: S kt ni 7805 vi ngun in
2.2.9 IC LM555
a) S chn

Hnh 2.28: S chn IC LM555
nh hn
- Chn s 1GND: cho ni mase ly dng cp cho IC
- Chn s 2TRIGGER: ng vo ca 1 tn so p. Mch so p dng cc transistor
PNP. c p chun l 2*Vcc/3.
- Chn s 3OUTPUT: Ng ra .trng thi ng ra ch xc nh theo mc volt caogn
bng mc p chn 8 v thp gn bng mc p chn 1
- Chn s 4RESET: dng lp nh mc trng thi ra. hi chn s 4 ni masse th
ng ra mc thp. Cn khi chn 4 ni vo mc p cao th trng thi ng ra ty theo mc
p trn chn 2 v 6.
- Chn s 5CONTROL VOLTAGE: dng lm thay i mc p chun trong IC 555
theo cc mc bin p ngoi hay dng cc in tr ngoi cho ni mase. Tuy nhin trong


hu ht cc mch ng dng chn s 5 ni masse qua 1 t t 0.01F , 0.1F, cc t c tc
dng lc b nhiu gi cho mc p chun n nh.
- Chn s 6THRESHOLD : l ng vo ca 1 tng so p khc mch so snh dng
cc transistor NPN mc chun l Vcc/3
- Chn s 7DISCHAGER : c th xem nh 1 kha in v chu iu khin bi tng
logic .khi chn 3 mc p thp th kha ny ng li.ngc li th n m ra. Chn 7 t
np x in cho 1 mch R-C lc IC 555 dng nh 1 tng dao ng .
- Chn s 8 Vcc: cp ngun nui Vcc cp in cho IC.Ngun nui cp cho IC
555 trong khong t 5v 15v v mc ti a l 18v
c) Cu to

Hnh 2.29: Cu to IC LM555
- V bn cht th IC 555 l 1 b mch kt hp gia 2 con Opamp , 3 in tr , 1 con
transistor, v 1 b Fipflop y dng FFRS
- 2 OP-amp c tc dng so snh in p
- Transistor x in.
- Bn trong gm 3 in tr mc ni tip chia in p V
CC
thnh 3 phn. Cu to ny to
nn in p chun. in p 1/3 V
CC
ni vo chn dng ca Op-amp 1 v in p 2/3 V
CC

ni vochn m ca Op-amp 2. hi in p chn 2 nh hn 1/3 V
CC
, chn S = [1] v
FF c kch. hi in p chn 6 ln hn 2/3 V
CC
, chn R ca FF = 1 v FF c
reset.
Cn th tnh thi in
Thi gian ngng dn ca transistor l :
T = RCln2 =0.693 RC
Thi gian ngng dn mc p cao cng l lc t C2 np dng qua R1+R2
Tn = 0.693 (R
1
+R
2
) C
2

Thi gian ngng dn mc p thp cng l lc t C2 x dng qua R2
Tx = 0.693 R
2
C
2

Nh vy chu k ca tn hiu s l: T = T n + T x
T = 0.693 (R
1
+2 R
2
) C
2



2.2.10 L 7 on Anode chung

Hnh 2.30: Led 7 on Anode chung
Trong cc thit b, bo trng thi hot ng ca thit b vi bin s ch l cc dy s
n thun, thng ngi ta s dng led 7 on. Led 7 on c s dng khi cc dy
s khng i hi qu phc tp, ch cn hin th s l , chng hn led 7 on c dng
hin th nhit phng, trong cc ng h treo tng bng in t, hin th s lng
sn phm c kim tra sau mt cng on no ...
Led 7 on c cu to bao gm 7 led n c dng thanh xp theo hnh v c thm mt
led n hnh trn nh th hin du chm trn gc di, bn phi ca led 7 on.
8 led n trn led 7 on c Anodecc hoc Cathodecc - c ni chung vi
nhau vo mt im, c a chn ra ngoi kt ni vi mch in. 8 cc cn li trn
mi led n c a thnh 8 chn ring, cng c a ra ngoi kt ni vi mch
in. Nu led 7 on c Anodecc chung, u chung ny c ni vi Vcc, cc chn
cn li dng iu khin trng thi sng tt ca cc led n, led ch sng khi tn hiu t
vo cc chn ny mc 0. Nu led 7 on c Cathodecc - chung, u chung ny c
ni xung Ground hay ass, cc chn cn li dng iu khin trng thi sng tt ca
cc led n, led ch sng khi tn hiu t vo cc chn ny mc 1.

Hnh 2.31: S kt ni Led 7 on Anode chung


V led 7 on cha bn trong n cc led n, do khi kt ni cn m bo dng
qua mi led n trong khong 10mA-20mA bo v led. Nu kt ni vi ngun 5V c
th hn dng bng in tr 330 trc cc chn nhn tn hiu iu khin.
S v tr cc led c trnh by nh hnh bn:

Hnh 2.32: S v tr cc led n
Cc in tr 330 l cc in tr bn ngoi c kt ni gii hn dng in qua led
nu led 7 on c ni vi ngun 5V.
Chn nhn tn hiu a iu khin led a sng tt, ng vo b iu khin led b. Tng t
vi cc chn v cc led cn li.



CHNG 3 : THIT K V M PHNG
3.1 THIT K PHN CNG
3.1.1 S KHI CA H THNG

v

Hnh 3.1: S khi ca h thng

KHI TO
XUNG CLOCK
KHI TO XUNG
START V ALE

KHI GII M
V HIN TH
KHI O NHIT
V CHUYN I

C
H
U
Y
I

KHI
NGUN


3.1.2 THIT K CHI TIT TNG KHI
3.1.2.1 Khi ngun
Khi ngun c nhim v cung cp in p +5V cho ton mch hot ng . Nh chng
ta bit ngun c nh hng rt ln i vi thit b in v nht l cc linh kin in t ,
s ngun khng t yu cu s lm mt i chnh xc cng nh tui th ca linh kn .
a)S nguyn l

Hnh 3.2: Mch ngun
Vi b ngun ny th c th to ra c in p 5V cp cho cc IC hot ng .
b.Cc thng s ca mch
in p xoay chiu vo l ngun i 15V.
T in phn cc c in dung: 2200F.T c in dung cng ln th in p ra
sau t cng phng.
in dung ca t phn cc l 10F. V ng ra l in p DC nn ta mc thm t
vo khi gi tr ng ra c b bin thin th t ny s t ng ko p li trong gii
hn c th nn ta chn khong 10F l c, chn cao hn th cng tt nhng nh
vy s lng ph.
Ta chn RV
1
l bin tr vi RV
1
= 10kO th c th p ng c yu cu.
3.1.2.2 Khi to xung Clock:
Xung Clock cung cp cho ADC hot ng c thit k c n s t 500Hz n 1,2
MHz. y cng b a hi to sng xung.Schmitt trigger


Hnh 3.3: Mch to xung Clock
Tn s giao ng : f =

= 800KHz
Chn R = 1 vy C =
= 1 10
-9
(F) = 1nF
3.1.2.3 Khi to xung START ,ALE
ch dao ng l mch mch dao ng s dng cc linh kin pht ra tn hiu xung
dao ng c th iu khin thit b. C nhiu dng tn hiu xung c pht ra t mch
dao ng, nh xung sine , xung vung , xung tam gic..
C nhiu cch thit k mch to xung vung nh thit k mch dng Transistor ,
thit k mch dng Opam,
Mch dng hai in tr R2,R3 v t C xc nh tn s v chu trnh lm vic ca tn
hiu ra.
y,chn thit k mch dao ng to xung vung dng IC L555
Theo nh s khi sau y.

Hnh 3.3: Mch to xung START ,ALE


Tn s mch to ra f =

= 0.687 Hz
Chn R3 =1,R2 = 10 ,C = 100F
3.1.2.4 Khi o nhit v chuyn i
a)M ch nguyn l

Hnh 3.4: Khi o nhit v chuyn i
b) Gii thch nguyn l hot ng
- Chn START,ALE,EOC c kt ni vi khi to xung START
- Xung Clock cung cp cho ADC 0809 c ly t khi to cung Clock
- Chn GND ni mass.
- Chn Vcc,OE ni ngun.
- Chn V
REF
(- c ni vi mass.
- Chn V
REF
c ni vi bin tr ly in p chun 2.55V.
- Ng ra L35 c ni vi ng vo IN0 ca ADC 0809.
Theo cng thc tnh ta c gi tr in p vo nh nht ca ADC 0809 l:
8
2.55
1 0.01 /
2 1
LBS V byte = =



Nh vy mi khi ng ra L35 thay i 10Mv tc l nhit mi trng thay i 1
o
C
th gi tr m ca ADC 0809 cng thay i 1 n v.
ADD
A
, ADD
B
v ADD
C
c ni mass.
8 ng ra ca ADC 0809 s c kt ni vi 8 ng vo a ch ca Epprom2864 thng
qua 1 ng Bus.
3.1.2.5 Khi gii m v hin th
Mch gii m s dng nhiu nht l s dng IC 74LS47. V c ng ra h v kh
nng nhn dng cao thc trc tip cc n led 7 on loi anod chung.
IC 74LS47 thc n led 7 on th cc on a, b, c, d, e, f, g ca n s sng hay tt
tu tng ng ra tng ng ca IC l H hay L.
Mt trong cc ch bo s dng hin th cc s thp phn l led 7 on.
loi anod chung (anod ca n c ni ln 5V, on no dng ta ni u catod
ca on xung mc thp a qua in tr hn dng 180 R 1K).
Khi gii m s dng IC 74247 v:
+ L IC chuyn gii m cho led 7 on A chung.
+ D s dng , ph bin.
+ Gi thnh r.
Tnh ton in tr hn dng:
+ Dng qua led 10-25Ma
p ri trn led 1,8-2V
+ I
led
=I
R
=(V
cc
-V
led
)/R=(5-2)/R=10Ma R=330
+ I
led
=I
R
=(V
cc
-V
led
)/R=(5-2)/R=13.636Ma R=220.
Chn R=220



a) S nguyn l

Hnh 3.5: Khi hin th
b) Gii thch nguyn l hot ng
Epprom 2864 c lp trnh sao cho ti a ch 00h th ng ra c gi tr BCD l 00,a
ch l 01h th ng ra c gi tr BCD l 01 v tng t nh vy n a ch 99h th ng ra
c gi tr BCD l 99.
D liu t Epprom s c a ti 2 IC gii m 74247 gii m cho 2 led 7 on hin
th gi tr t 00 n 99

khi nhit t 00
o
C n 99
o
C hoc hng chc v hng n v khi
nhit ln hn hoc bng 100
o
C
Khi cc cng AND,OR thit lp ly s 1 khi nhit ln hn hoc bng 100
o
C.Led
7 on th 3 dng hin th s 1.



3.2 S NGUYN L TON MCH

U
7
B
7
4
3
2
4 5
6
U
3
2
8
6
4
A
0
1
0
A
1
9
A
2
8
A
3
7
A
4
6
A
5
5
A
6
4
A
7
3
A
8
2
5
A
9
2
4
A
1
0
2
1
A
1
1
2
3
A
1
2
2
D
0
1
1
D
1
1
2
D
2
1
3
D
3
1
5
D
4
1
6
D
5
1
7
D
6
1
8
D
7
1
9
R
E
A
D
Y
1
C
E
2
0
O
E
2
2
W
E
2
7
U
8
A
7
4
0
8
1 2
3
R
6
R
U
7
C
7
4
3
2
9
1
0
8
U
2
A
D
C
0
8
0
9
C
L
K
1
0
O
E
9
E
O
C
7
D
0
1
7
D
1
1
4
D
2
1
5
D
3
8
D
4
1
8
D
5
1
9
D
6
2
0
D
7
2
1
S
T
A
R
T
6
A
L
E
2
2
R
E
F
+
1
2
R
E
F
-
1
6
I
N
0
2
6
I
N
1
2
7
I
N
2
2
8
I
N
3
1
I
N
4
2
I
N
5
3
I
N
6
4
I
N
7
5
A
0
2
5
A
1
2
4
A
2
2
3
U
8
B
7
4
0
8
4 5
6
U
1
L
M
5
5
5
O
U
T
3
RST
4
VCC
8
CV
5
T
R
G
2
T
H
R
6
D
S
C
H
G
7
R
7
R
U
4
C
7
4
1
4
5
6
R
8
R
U
4
A
7
4
1
4
1
2
U
4
B
7
4
1
4
3
4
R
1
1
0
k
R
9
R
U
5
7
4
L
S
2
4
7
D
0
7
D
1
1
D
2
2
D
3
6
B
I
/
R
B
O
4
R
B
I
5
L
T
3
A
1
3
B
1
2
C
1
1
D
1
0
E
9
F
1
5
G
1
4
U
6
7
4
L
S
2
4
7
D
0
7
D
1
1
D
2
2
D
3
6
B
I
/
R
B
O
4
R
B
I
5
L
T
3
A
1
3
B
1
2
C
1
1
D
1
0
E
9
F
1
5
G
1
4
R
1
0
R R
1
1
R R
1
2
R R
1
3
R R
1
4
R R
1
5
R R
1
6
R
A
1
7
s
e
g
_
a
n
o
t
f
2
g
1
a
4
b
5
p
6
c
7
VCC
8
d
9
e
1
0
A
2
7
s
e
g
_
a
n
o
t
f
2
g
1
a
4
b
5
p
6
c
7
VCC
8
d
9
e
1
0
A
3
7
s
e
g
_
a
n
o
t
f
2
g
1
a
4
b
5
p
6
c
7
VCC
8
d
9
e
1
0
R
1
7
R
R
2
1
k
C
1
1
0
u
F
R
3
1
k
R
1
8
R
C
2
1
0
0
u
F
R
1
9
R
5
V
L
M
3
5
C
O
N
3
1 2 3
5
V
5
V
5
V
5
V
R
4
R R
5
R
R
V
1
1
0
k
U
7
A
7
4
3
2
1 2
3


3.3 S MCH IN



CHNG 4: KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN
4.1 KT LUN-V KT QU T C
Trong khi thc hin n ny em c c nhng kin thc mi v ADC ni chung
v ADC 0809 ni ring. Em cng hnh thnh c kinh nghim tm kim ti liu,t tm ti
nghin cu lm mch.
4.2 HNG PHT TRIN
Ngy nay vic ng dng k thut bin i AD c s dng rt rng ri trong thc
tin.c bit vic o nhit trong cc nh my phn xng sn xut c ngha rt quan
trng.Khi vic kim sot nhit c thc hin tt s m bo c an ton lao ng
cng nh tng nng sut v cht lng sn phm.
Do hng pht trin ca ADC trong tng lai l rt a dng.
ng dng o nhit kt hp vi h thng bo ng ng ngt thit b, bo v h
thng ng c khi qu nhit.



TI LIU THAM KHO

Nguyn Vit Hng-H A Thi H.S Phm K Thut - Gio trnh K thut s.
Nguyn nh PhH.S Phm K Thut - Sch thc tp K thut s.
Nguyn Hu Phng - Mch s - Nh xut bn Thng K 2004.
H.S Phm K Thut - Gio trnh o lng khng in.
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